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KNOWLEDGE
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equally present in the case of recollection (memory) also. Another objection is that how can a dead object be the generating condition of recollection ? The Jaina answers : It is your delusion that makes you think so. For validity of cognition, it is not necessary that the object must be the generating condition. For instance, light which comes into being on the operation of its own conditions reveals the objects jar and the like, though not generated by them, so also does a cognition reveal its object, though it is not produced by the object. Recognition :
Recognition is a synthetic judgment born of observation and recollection as typified by such forms as 'that necessarily is it,' 'it is like that,' 'that is dissimilar to that,''this is different from that' and the like.'
Observation is perceptual cognition. Recollection is an act of memory. These two are the conditions of recognition which is a kind of synthetic judgment. 'This is necessarily that jar' and the like are the cases of judgment of identity. 'This is like that,' e.g., 'the gayal (gavaya) is like the cow' is the judgment of similarity (analogy). 'This is dissimilar to that,' e.g., 'the buffalo is different from the cow' is the judgment of dissimilarity. 'This is less than, more than, farther than, nearer than' etc. are examples of the judgment of difference. Recognition is neither perception alone nor analogy exclusively. Inductive Reasoning :
Inductive reasoning is the knowledge of universal concomitance conditioned by observation (upalambha) and non-observation (anupalambha).?
1. Darsanasmaranasambhava tadevedan tatsadrśam tadvi.
laksanam tatpratiyogityādisankalanaṁ pratyabhijñānam -
Pramāņa-mimāṁsā, 1.2.4. 2. Upalambhānupalambhanimittaṁ vyāptijñānamühaḥ - Ibid., I.
2.5.
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