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JUDGMENT
175
illuminate the whole reality. The difference between them is only this much that while the former illuminates the objects indirectly, the later illuminates them directly.'
Every proposition of the dialectical seven-fold judgment is of two kinds ; complete (sakalādeśa) and incomplete (vikalādeśa). ? Complete Judgment :
We know that an object possesses infinite characteristics but it is not possible for us to describe all of them. To overcome this difficulty, we use only one word that describes one characteristic of that object and holds the remaining characteristics to be identical with it. By this method we can describe all the characteristics of an object by the description of a particular aspect only. This type of proposition is called complete judgment. The identity of all other aspects with a single aspect is proved by the identity of time etc.
The word 'existence' in the proposition 'relatively the pot exists' includes all other aspects of the pot through the identity of time, quality, substratum, relation, contributory part, residence of substance, association and word. (1) Time (kāla)-Time indicates that at the time when the quality
of existence is predicated of the pot, the qualities of redness, hardness etc. can as well be predicated of it. In other words, the pot has many qualities or characteristics at the same time. Therefore, from the view-point of time, all the qualities of the pot are inseparable from one another. Thus, time bridges the difference existing among the various qualities and takes 'existence as
identical with all other qualities. (2) Quality (ātma-rūpa)-Just as existence is a quality of the
pot, so also redness, hardness etc. are its qualities. Hence,
1. Apta-mimāṁsā, 105. 2. Pramāna-naya-tattvāloka, IV.43. 3. Syadvāda-ratnákara, IV.44.
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