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KNOWLEDGE
163
only on the condition of its positive concomitance with fire or the existence of smoke is logically impossible unless the said concomitance be a fact. Example :
Example is the statement of an illustration. It is a statement which sets forth an illustration. It is also of two kinds on account of the difference of illustrations. The statement of an illustration based upon similarity of attribute is called 'homogeneous example' (sādharmya drstānta). 'Whatever is possessed of smoke is possessed of fire, as for example, an oven' is a typical instance. Heterogeneous example (vaidharmya drstānta) is the statement of an illustration in dissimilarity. 'Whatever is possessed of the absence of fire is possessed of the absence of smoke, as for example, a lake' may be cited as a typical case. Application :
Application is the act of bringing the probans into connection with the minor term (dharmin). The proposition 'it is possessed of smoke' is a typical example of the same. Conclusion :
Conclusion is the predication of the probandum.? The proposition 'therefore it is possessed of fire' is an illustration.
The complete form of the proposition of syllogism is like this : This hill is possessed of fire, because it has smoke, whatever is possessed of smoke is possessed of fire, as for example an oven', it is possessed of smoke, therefore it is possessed of fire.
Or This hill is possessed of fire, because smoke is impossible in its absence, whatever is possessed of the absence of fire is
1. Drstäntavacanamudāharanam --- Pramāna-mimamsă, II. 1.13. 2. Hetoh sādhyadharminyupasamharanamupanayah, yathă
dhūmaścātra pradese - Pramāņa-naya-tattväloka, Ill. 49-50. 3. Sadhyadharmasya punarnigamanam, yathā tasmadagniratra -
Ibid., III. 51-2.
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