Harmless Soul

Author(s): W J Johnson, Dayanand Bhargav
Publisher: Motilal Banarasidas

Page 48

34 Harmless Souls said that property means delusion'.90 The desire to hoard or store things is to experience greed (lobha),91 and lobha is not simply the worst of the four sins, it in fact includes the other three: 'Anger destroys kindness, pride civility, deceit drives away friends, [but] greed destroys all.'92
It is clear from this that lobha (greed) is synonymous with one meaning of parigraha, and that it is also an inclusive term for the four sins or passions which are later understood as the components of the technical term kaşāya.93
ii) Kaşāya The four 'moral vices' or passions - anger, pride, deceit and greed (krodha, māna, māyā, and lobha) -, which are later called kaşāya (literally, 'stains'), do appear as a set in both the Āyāramga Sutta and the Sūyagadamga, although they are never given any common designation, and there is no extended treatment of them.94
90 mucchā pariggaho vutto ii vuttam mahesiņā - Das. 6:21, Schubring's trans.
91 Das. 6:19a. 92 koho piim paņāsei, māno viņaya-nāsaņo | māyā mittāņi nāsei, lobho savva-viņāsaņo || Das. 8:37||. 93 See below; Cf. JPP p. 177.
94 See Dixit 1978, pp. 7, 15, 19. În Sūy. 1 there are, however, a number of instances where four vices appear under what Dixit calls 'rather peculiar and obscure designations' (Dixit 1978, p. 19). For instance, at 1.1.2.12, the Prākrit terms savvappaga, viukkassa, nūma, and appattiya appear. Jacobi reads these as (Sanskrit) sarvātmaka = lobha), vyutkarşa (=māna), ... = māyā), and appattiya (= krodha?) respectively. Thus his translation reads: 'shaking off greed, pride, deceit and wrath, one becomes free of karman'. (Cf. Bollée, Vol. I (1977), pp. 89-92, on these). Again, at Sūy. 1.1.4.12, a wise monk is enjoined to leave off ukkasa, jalana, nūma, and majjhattha. Jacobi renders these as (Sanskrit) utkarşa (= māna), jvalana (= krodha), ... (= māyā), and madhyastha (= lobha?) respectively. (Cf. Bollée (1977), p. 129.) And at 1.9.11, paliumcana, bhayaņa, thandilla, and ussayana are named as the causes of sin. Jacobi renders these as (Sanskrit) parikumcana (= māyā), bhajana (= lobha), ... (= krodha), and ucchraya (= māna), adding the note that 'these four passions are named here