________________
Kundakunda: The Pravacanasāra 99 Uttarajjhayana. This is borne out by the fact that the formal division of upayoga into jñāna and darśana has not yet been made here, although, as we shall see, that particular classification can be traced back at least as far as the Pannavaņā Sutta.32
References to upayoga in the Viyāhapannatti (Bhagavati) take us much closer to the classical doctrine. At Viyāhapannatti II.10a (147b) we read that the guņa (essential property) of the atthikāya (fundamental entity) jiva makes possible uvaoga ('the spiritual function').33 And at II.10c (149a) it is asserted that the 'characteristic (lakkhaņa) of soul is the spiritual function (uvaoga)'. The soul by its own nature (āya-bhāveņam) possesses will (viriya) 'which enables it to apply this spiritual function in the infinite number of possibilities (pajjava) of cognition - viz. in the domains of the five knowledges, the three nonknowledges and the three visions (damsaņa) - thus revealing the true nature of soul (jīva-bhāva).34
At Viyāhapannatti XVIII.10e (760a) the brahman Somila asks Mahāvīra whether he is 'one or two ... imperishable (akkhaya), immutable (avvaya) and stationary (avatthiya) or has he different forms in past, present and future (aņega-bhūya-bhāva-bhaviya)?' Mahāvīra replies that:
He is all of these, since from the point of view of [the] essence [of his soul, Abhay.]35 (davv'atthayāe) he is one, from the point of view of knowledge and vision (nāņa-damsan'atthayāe) he is two; as to paesas (space-points] he is imperishable, immutable and stationary, but as to uvaoga he has different forms in past, present
32 See Schubring 1962, para.82; and below. 33 Deleu's 1970 trans. References are to his critical analysis.
34 Deleu II.10c. Cf. XII.4.4a (608a): 'The characteristic of the fundamental entity (atthi-kāya) soul (jiva) is the spiritual function (uvaoga-lakkh ...) which reveals itself in the different knowledges etc., ref to II. 10c.' For a description of these five knowledges, etc., see discussion of Pañc. 41, p. 101, below.
35 I.e. according to Abhayadeva's Vịtti on Viy.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
