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90
AN EARLY HISTORY OF ORISSA
Madhyadeśa un fit for frāddha. It is called a Janapada of the Dakshiņāpatha. Its king is said to have been stationed by Jarāsandha on the eastern gate of Mathura and in the same direction during the siege of Gomanta. The king of Kalinga was present at Pradyumna's marriage. He also advised Rukmin to vanquish Balarāma in dice and laughed at the latter when he was defeated. His teeth were broken by Rāma? (Balarāma). There are mentioned 32 kings of the Kalinga country upto the time of the Nandas 3 The Narmadā river is said to be flowing on its south (?) where there is situated the Amarakanţaka hill.“ Kūrma Purāņa mentions Kalinga as a breeding place of the best type of elephants.5
The Purāṇas mention Utkala as a son of Dhruva by Iļā and a grandson of Uttānapāda. He obtained the kingdom of his father when the latter renounced this world and went to the forests for practising penances. Utkala, however, was not to be involded in worldly affairs and without caring least for the kingdom, gave himself up entirely to penances. Another reference to Utkala is found as the name of an Asura who was a follower of Vșitra and fought with Indra. He also took part in the war said to have taken place between the Devus and the Asurus.? The third reference to Utkala is as a son of kim purusha Sudyumna and a lord of the Dakshiņāpatha (viz. the
1. Brahmānda, II, 16, 42 & 57 ; III, 13, 13; 14, 33 & 80; 74, 198 & 213; Matsya, 163, 72 ; Väyu, 77, 13; 78, 23; 99, 324, 386 & 402.
2. Bhāgwuta, X, 50, 11 (2) ; 52, 11 (5); 61, 27-29 ; 32 (1) & 37; IV, 5, 21 ; Vishịu, V, 28, 10, 15, 24.
3. Matsya, 272, 16. 4. Miteya, 186, 12. 5. II, xxxix, 19. 6. Bhāgwata, IV, 10, 2 ; Skanda, 13, 6-10. 7. Bhāgwata, VI, 10, 20 ; Skanda, VIII, 10, 21 & 33.
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