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SECTION IV THE CITY OF KALINGA
The Hāthigumphā inscription gives some very interesting hints as to the plan, picturesqueness, internal life and prosperity of ‘Kalinga-nagara' the city of Kalinga; which was, undoubtedly, the capital of Khāravela's Kalinga kingdom.
As regards the plan and picturesqueness, the first year's record (line 3) mentions gates (gopura), walls (pākāra), residential buildings (nivesana), tanks of cool water (sītala-taļāga) and gardens (uyāna) as features associated with the city of Kalinga. The ninth regnal year's record mentions the erection of a royal residence called the Palace of Great Victory (Mahāvijaya-pāsāda). And, the fifth regnal year's record mentions a canal which was extended upto the city (Paņādi).
It may be maintained that the terms gopura, prākāra, nivesana, tadāga and uyāna have been used in the plural sense in the first regnal year's record. The plural sense of the first three terms is not inconsistent with the copu. lative compound 'gopura-pā kāra-nivesanam'. The plural sense of the term “taļāga' may be easily derived from the compound 'taļāga-pādiyo', which is a plural expression. The plural sense of 'uyāna' is conveyed by the pronominal adjective 'sava’ which is the first member of the compound 'savāyāna'. Thus, it may be established that the city of Kalinga, even as king Khāravela found it at the time of his coronation, contained many a gopura, many a pākāra, many a nivesana, many a tadāga and many uyāna. But, -
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