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THE CITY OF KALINGA
349
Identification of the Capital City.
Dr. B. M. Barua' says that the Hāthigumphā Inscrip. tion clearly shows that the capital of Kalinga during the reign of Khāravela was Kalinga-nagara “the City of Kalinga', which has been satisfactorily identified with Mukhalingam on the Vamsadhārā and the adjacent ruins in the Ganjam district. The Purle Plates of Indravarman, dated in the Ganga year 149, go to show that the kings of the Ganga dynasty had generally granted their donations from Kalinga nagara, the self-same city of Kalinga which Prof. Sylvain Levi seems inclined to identify with Kalingapatnm, 20 miles north-east of Srikakola or Chikakol.Megasthenes mentions Parthalisha as the royal city of Calingae representing the tribes that dwelt by the Gangā nearest the sea, which M. de St. Martin' has sought to identify with Vardhana (contraction of Vardhamāna), the modern Burdwan. Prof. Mc. Crindle thinks that the Calingae were a great and widely diffused tribe that settled mainly between the Mahānadi and the Godāvari, and that their capital was situated on the Mahānadi higher up than the site of Kațaka. K. P. Jayswal,' on the contrary, identifies the capital of Khāravela with Tosali, where a set of Asokan Edicts
1. OBI, pp. 191 and 201. 2. EI, Vol, IV, p 187. 3. EI, Vol. XIV, p. 36, 4. JA, Vol. CCVI, 1925, pp. 50, 53, 57. 5. Cunningham, AGI, Ed. Majumdar, Notes, p. 735.
5a Partualis is the spelling of the name which appears in one of the foot-notes of Fragment XX B in Prof. McCrindle's translation. Portalis is evidently a simpler form of the spelling Partualis, which hay been suggested in the second foot-note of Fragment LVI.
6. Fragment LVI of Indica. 7. Qtd. Barua, OBI, p. 193. 8. Ibid. 9. JBORS, Vol. III, p. 440.
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