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CONQUESTS OF KHĀRAVELA
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of the land. It is not quite clear whether he was met with any major opposition in these regions. These expeditions in fact do not appear to have led to any permanent result, because, they were more in the form of hurried visits to these lauds. Further, looking to the rapidity of his move. ments, it cannot be said with any amount of certainty that Khāravela ever did or even aimed at consolidating the conquered regions.
In the north-east, Khāravela attacked Magadha twice, once Goradhagiri and Rājagīra, and second time the capital city of Patliputra itself. He actually conquered this region, but with a vengeable aim rather than to bring the country of Magadha under his suzerainty.
As regards the South, firstly, he attacked Pithuda, probably a coastal city situated somewhere to the south of the Kalinga country. Secondly, he successfully broke up the confederacy of the Tramira countries equated with the Tamil-speaking districts. And, thirdly, he received gifts and presents from the king of Pāņdya. Resume
A stock-taking of Khāravela's conquests would show that the Kalingan armies successfully toured practically the whole of India, with the exception of the western coastal regions and north-eastern extremities like the Bengal and the Assam. Yet, it is not quite safe to conclude that the entire land ever formed a part of the kingdom of Kalinga under Klāravela. However, it may not be going too far to assume that the entire country lay under the sphere of influence of the Kalingan monarch.
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