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ADMINISTRATION OF KALINGA 177 The Kautilya informs us that the salary of a Kumāra was 12,000 paņas per annum.' Governorships in Kalinga
The next administrative divisions were probably Governorships—sometimes under the jurisdiction and command of the Kumāra-Viceroy and sometimes under the Emperor himself. In the Province of Kalinga, with its Viceroy stationed at Tosali, there was atleast one smaller division with its headquarters at Samāpā (Jaugada), under the charge of a class of Mahāmātras who are described as Rājavachanikas i.e. those who were entitled to receive the Emperor's messages directly and not through the Kumāra-Viceroy (SKE II, Jaugada version). Thus, these Mahāmātras might be regarded as Provincial Governors, as they are given independent charge of their areas.?
Perhaps thesc Mahāmātras were distinguished from the other class of Mahāmātras having the designation Prādeśika Mahāmātras. The term Prādeśika is used in RE III for a class of cfficers who were required to go on tour of the country every five years, just as the Mahāmātras were required to do in SKE I. Hence, the Prādesikas may be treated equivalent to the Mahämātras. Strictly speaking, the charge of a Prādesika Mahāmātra was like the Commissionership of a Division, since PE IV mentions the Rajjukas as the Provincial Governors proper. Consequently, the Rājavachanikas may be placed in equal position to the Rajjukas, who are spoken as 'set over hundreds of thousand of souls' (RE III and
1. Arthaśīstra, Trans : Shamsastri, p. 217.
2. Can these be equated with the Divisional Commissioners who are placed over a few districts at the present day?
3. Isila (MRET, Brahmagiri version), Kausāmbi (Kaušāmbi Edict) were seats cf other such governorships.
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