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AN EARLY HISTORY OF ORISSA
occured at the end of a cycle of five years, the working year consisting of 354 days and nights, as has been mentioned by Kautilya.
In the case of the Viceroyalty of Kalinga, the rules of service provided for such tours every five years (SKEs), while in the case of Ujjaiyini and Takshasilā, it was three years (SKE I). Dr. Mookerji’ opines—"Perhaps the greater frequency of the tours was necessary in the latter provinces as being more populous than the newly annexed province of Kalinga with its strong element of forest folks in its population, and hence, less civilized and more sparsely populated."
RESUME
With regard to the newly acquired territory, the King is advised by Kauțilya3 to adopt, among others, the following means of pacification :-. Trying to cover the faults of the fallen enemy with his virtues and excelling his virtues by doubling his own. Devotion to his own duties and works. The showing of favours (anugrahakarma), the offering of presents (parihārakarma), the giving of gifts (dānakarma), the bestowing of honours (mānakarma), and the doing of what is agreeable and good to the subjects (prakriti-priya-hitāni). The adoption of the same mode of life, the same dress, language and etiquette (samīnaśīla-veśabhāsha-āchāratā), so as to avoid appearing as a stranger in the habit of life. The evincing of personal interest in their national, religious and social festivals and functions. The honouring everywhere of religious orders. The offering of land, articles of use and other gifts and presents to persons
1. Arthasāstra, II, 7. 2. Asoka, pp. 28-29. Cf. RE XIII. 3. Arth. XIII, 5.
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