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AN EARLY HISTORY OF ORISSA
Treating vidhi as a separate term, K. P. Jayaswall has sought to interpret it in the sense of Dharma Šāstra' or religious laws. There is no inherent improbability of this sense of vidhi, says Dr. Barua. The term vidhi has been used in the Arthaśāstra in the sense of 'kriyāvidhi' or the rule of action. But Vavahāra too is just 'a rule of action' —the difference between the two being that while vidhi implies 'state action' in accordance with the established laws of human conduct and duty, vayalıāra implies state action in accordance with established conventions. In the two enumerations of four things in the Arathaśāstra, Charitra has been replaced by Samsthā or Dharma-śāstra and Rāja-śāsana by Nyāya and Danda. It is quite possible, concludes Dr. Barua," that vidhi, in the Klāravela's record, is just a synonym of Nīyama 4a or Charitra or Samsthā or Dharma.śāstra.
Vavahāra of Khāravela's inscription is obviously the same word as viyohāla of Asoka's Pillar Edict IV,8 in which the term viyohāla stands in contra-distinction to daņda (viyohāla-samatā cha danda-8amatā). Dr. Varua? says “We fully agree with D. R. Bhandarkar in interpreting viyohāla-samatā in the sense of 'uniformity of procedure', but differ from him as well as from Prof. Buhler, both of whom take viyohāla to be a synonym of abhihāla (Pali: abhihāra). Prof. Buhler seems, however, to be right in interpreting the Asokan expression “abhihāle vā dande vă
STAVBY
1. Qtd. OBI, p. 245. 2. OBI, 245. 3. III, 1, 58. 4. OBI, 245. 4a. Arth. I, 5, 2. 5. Arth, 111, 1, 58. 6. Sircar, SI, Vol. I, pp. 59-61, 7. OBI, 245.
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