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to earth figure than an isosceles trapezium.
Before coming at the end, it may be interestingly noted that the formula,
A = 10 (S. + S.) for finding the area of a circular annulus was very well known to Nemicandra (cf. TLS, v. 315, p. 262), where S. and S, are its outer (anta) and inner ladi) diameters (suci vyāsas) and r is its breadth (rundra)."
As far as known to the present author, the present method for the quadrature of a circular annulus does not occur elsewhere and hence may be unique.
We conclude this paper by putting a remark that every teacher of secondary school mathematics should know the above method and apply it as a tool to frame the concept of the area of a circular annulus through paper 1 while teaching. After all, it provides broad base for understanding the areas of a circular annulus and an isosceles trapezium.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author expresses his sincere gratitude to Dr. Anupam Jain, Assistant Professor, Govt. Holkar Science (Autonomous) college, Indore for going through the manuscript and indebted to Kundakunda Jñanapitha. Indore for giving the facilities in the preparation of the paper.
REFERENCES AND NOTES
1. Trilokusāra. ed. with Madhavacandra Traividya's Sanskrit commentary and with Anyika
Visuddhamati's Hindi commentary by R.C. Jain Mukhtara and C.P. Patni, Shree Mahaviraji (Raj.) VNY 2501 (=1975 A.D.) TLS, ed. with Madhavucandra Traividya's Sanskrit commentary by Pt. Manohajlalji, Sri Manikchandra Digambar Jaina Granthamala Samiti, Mumbai, 1918. The references are given throughout the paper from Visuddhamati's text, if otherwise is not stated. He was a Jaina sage. His disciple named Camundarāya erected the world's famous colossal image of Bahubali at Sravanabelgola in Karnataka. He was present in the first consecration
ceremony of the image, held on 13th March of 981 A.D. 3. TLS, Manoharlali, p.405 4. For details, see:
Jadhav. Dipak. Nemicandra's Rule for An Isosceles Trapezoidal Figure. To be published in
Dr. Hiralal Jain Memorial Volume. 5. For details, see:
Jadhav, Dipak and Anupam Jain (Unpublished) The Mensuration of the Circle of Nemicandru (c.981 A.D.).
Received after revision : September 2000
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Arhat Vacana, October 2000
