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________________ III VUUUUIT U ATIOILIMITE ITIUS UN INISS beomi 4] l Ets [ 98 sohanalAla smAraka pAravanAtha zodhapITha,vArANasI
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________________ pradhAna sampAdaka pro. sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DA0 azoka kumAra siMha sahasampa DA0 zivapraH - varSa 45 julAI-sitambara 1994 ... aMka - - prastuta aMka meM 1. karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra-tattvArthasUtra ke prasaGga meM __--- DaoN. ratnA zrIvAstava 2. rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN0 kRSNapAla tripAThI 103. prAkRta kI bRhatkathA "vasudevahiNDI" meM varNita kRSNa -~-DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva .... 234. maDAhaDAgaccha kA itihAsa : eka adhyayana -DaoN0 zivaprasAda 31-. 5. sandarbha evaM bhASAyI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke upoddhAta meM prayukta prathama vAkya ke pATha kI prAcInatA para kucha vicAra -- DaoN0 ke0 Ara0 candra 52-1 bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana -DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina 565 sAhitya samIkSA jaina jagat - - yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka va saMsthAna sahamata hoN|
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________________ karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra -- tattvArthasUtra ke prasaMga meM - DaoN. ratnA zrIvAstavA dRzyamAna jagata meM samasta jIva jIvana paryanta manasA, vAcA, karmaNA karma karate rahate haiN| isa vizva kI utpatti, karma dvArA hI huI hai| jIvana kA aparanAmakaraNa karma hai, yahI jIvana hai, kyoMki karma hI gati, cepTA evaM parivartana hai| mAnava jIvana aura karma kA sambandha janma-janmAMtara se hai| usakA vartamAna jIvana bhI karma-zrRMkhalA kI eka kar3I hai| samasta prANI jIvana-paryanta atha se iti taka karmAnuzAsita haiN| jahA~ jIvana hai vahA~ karma se mukti sambhava nahIM hai| manuSya kA yaha saMkalpa yA vicAra ki usane samagna karmoM kA tyAga kara diyA hai -- eka bhrama hai kyoMki vastutaH karma tyAga bhI eka karma hI hai| jaba taka hama zarIrayukta haiM, eka kSaNa bhI karmoM se pRthak nahIM ho skte| karma hamArI niyati hai, jisake vazIbhUta hokara hI hama isa saMsAra-cakra meM AvAgamana se mukta nahIM ho pAte haiM, punaH-punaH janma grahaNa karate haiN| vibhinna vicArakoM ne karma-viSayaka bhinna-bhinna vicAra abhivyakta kiye haiN| prazna uTha sakatA hai ki Akhira una vicArakoM ne karma kA varNana kyoM kiyA ? isakA isa jagata meM kyA upayoga hai ? kyA mahattA hai ? jahA~ taka mahattA kI bAta hai, to vaha bahuta kucha uparyukta kathanoM se niSkarSa nikAla kara samajhA jA sakatA hai kintu upayoga ke viSaya meM sabase bar3A pramANa milatA hai -- karma kA jana-mAnasa ke Upara par3A prbhaav| yadyapi karma adRzya hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki, vaijJAnikoM ne isake astitva ko nakArA bhI hai, kintu yaha eka kaTu-satya hai ki mAnavajAti kA karmoM ke prati eka aTUTa vizvAsa hai arthAt satkarma zubha pariNAmI evaM asatkarma azubha pariNAmI hote haiM - aisA jana-vizvAsa hai| vartamAna arAjakatA, bhraSTAcAra, anaitikatA se vyApta yuga meM yadi kahIM alpamAtra bhI naitikatA avazeSa raha gaI hai to usake pIche eka mAtra kAraNa hai hamArI, hamAre karmoM ke prati yahI aasthaa| hamAre antaHkaraNa meM yaha bAta pUrNataH jamI huI hai ki yadi hama duSkarma kareMge to usake pariNAmoM ko bhI bhoganA pdd'egaa| Aja prazAsana bhale hI vibhinna daNDa-siddhAntoM kI sahAyatA lekara aparAdhiyoM ko bhayabhIta karane yA sudhArane kA pUrNataH prayAsa kara rahA hai evaM saphala bhI ho rahA hai kintu karmaphala ke bhayavaza aparAdha na karane vAloM kI saMkhyA abhI bhI adhika hai| tAtparya yahI hai ki mAnavajAti ko karma-AsthA hI anaitikatA se naitikatA kI ora le jA sakatI hai| yadyapi vibhinna vicArakoM ne karma-vicAroM kI paraspara AlocanAe~ to kI hI hai, kintu karma vicAra kI uparyukta upayogitA vyAvahArika dRSTi se to hai hI, isa bAta ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| saMskRta kI 'DukRtrakaraNe' dhAtu se niSpanna karma zabda kA sAmAnya artha hai -- kArya yA ceSTA, jisakA prabala yA durbala koI eka saMskAra mAnava-citta para par3atA hai| ina saMskAroM ke
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________________ karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra -- tattvAryasUtra ke prasaMga meM samuccaya se hI manuSya kI pratyeka prakAra kI halacala yA kriyAdi niyantrita hai| yahA~ taka ki maranA-jInA saba karma hI hai| karma zabda ke yU~ to kaI artha hote haiM kintu sAmAnya spa meM karma kA tAtparya kriyA hI hai| veda evaM brAhamaNa granthoM meM kiyA ke arthoM meM hI "karma" zabda kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| mImAMsaka svargAdi phala prApti hetu yajJa-yAgAdi kriyAoM ko hI karma kI saMjJA dete haiN| naiyAyika Upara evaM nIce pheMkanA, sameTanA, phailAnA aura calanA ina pA~ca daihika kriyAoM ko karma kahate haiN| vaizeSikoM ke anusAra, jo eka dravya meM samavAya se rahatA hai jisameM koI guNa na ho aura jo saMyoga yA vibhAga meM kAraNAntara kI apekSA na kare, vahI karma hai| punaH sAMkhya darzana meM karma zabda kA prayoga saMskAra ke artha meM milatA hai| bauddhadarzana meM cetanA ko hI karma mAnA gayA hai| ___hamAre mana, vANI aura zarIra dvArA jo bhI kriyA hotI hai una sabako karma kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| zAstrakAroM ne uparyukta tInoM kA nAmakaraNa yoga kahakara kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI isI ke anurUpa "kAyavAGmanaHkarmayogaH" (tattvArthasUtra, 6/1) kahA hai arthAt kAya, vacana evaM mana kI kriyA yoga hai| yoga ko unhoMne karma ke antargata rakhA hai| niHsandeha jaina karmasiddhAnta anya sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM varNita karma sambandhI vicAroM se adhika vyavasthita, vaijJAnika evaM vyApaka hai| jainoM ke atirikta sabhI ne karma ko kriyAoM taka hI sImita rakhA hai, kintu jaina vicArakoM ne karma ke antargata kriyA evaM kriyA ke hetuoM ko bhI samAviSTa kiyA hai| isI bhAva ko vyakta karate hue paM. sukhalAla jI ne kahA hai -- "mithyAtva kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva ke dvArA jo kiyA jAtA hai vahI karma kahalAtA hai|" karma kA svarUpa, prakAra evaM avasthAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya jaina vicArakoM ne karma ke viSaya meM "sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH" (tattvArthasatra, 8/2) meM kahA hai arthAta karma ko hI jIva ke bandhana kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM jo sthAna prakRti kA, vedAnta meM mAyA kA, bauddha meM avidyA kA, zaiva siddhAnta meM pAza kA, vaizeSika meM adRSTa kA hai, vahI sthAna jaina darzana meM karma kA hai| vargIkaraNa -- bhAratIya vicArakoM ne karma viSayaka vargIkaraNa ko vibhinna prakAra se prastuta kiyA hai jaise - karma ko sAdhana kI dRSTi se mAnasika, vAcika evaM kAyika dharmazAstra kI dRSTi se sAtvika, rAjasika, tAmasika hetu kI dRSTi se nitya, naimittika evaM kAmyaH naitikatA kI dRSTi se karma, vikarma, akarmaH vedAntika dRSTi se, prArabdha, saMcita tathA kiyamANa -- rUpa meM vibhAjita karake usakA pRthaka-pRthaka svarUpa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jainadarzana meM bhI karmoM kA vibhAjana huA hai| tattvAryasUtrakAra ne do prakAra ke karmoM kI carcA kI hai -- dravyakarma evaM bhaavkrm| dravyakarma AtmaprakAza ko prakAzita hone se rokatA hai| AtmA ke mUlabhUta guNoM ko arthAt anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantazakti aura ananta sukha ko Avarita yA tirohita karatA hai| isI ke kAraNa Atmazakti kuNThita ho jAtI hai, yaha pUrNataH abhivyakta nahIM ho pAtI hai| kevala itanA hI nahIM karma ke uparyukta niSedhAtmaka pakSa ke atirikta usakA eka vidheyAtmaka pakSa bhI hai, jo AtmA For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ DaoN. ratnA zrIvAstavA kI hI vibhAvAvasthA hai / dravya karmoM ke kAraNa hI ( bhAvakarma) kaSAyoM kI bhI utpatti hotI hai| AtmA apane jJAtA-draSTA svarUpa yA sAkSI bhAva ko bhUlakara apane ko karttA aura bhoktA mAnane lagatA hai| inhIM kI carcA tattvArthasUtra meM sakapAyAkapAyayoH sAmparAyikeryApathayoH (tattvArthasUtra, 6 / 5 ) ke rUpa meM hai arthAt karma ke do pakSa haiM, sAmparAyika evaM IryApathika / jo karma kaSAyayukta haiM ve sAmparAyika evaM jo kaSAyarahita haiM ve IryApathika haiN| AtmA kA parAbhava karane vAlA karma sAmparAyika kahalAtA hai, jaise gIle camar3e ke Upara havA dvArA par3I huI raja usase cipaka jAtI hai, vaise hI yoga dvArA AkRSTa hone vAlA karma kaSAyodaya ke kAraNa AtmA ke sAtha sambaddha hokara bandha sthiti pA letA hai vaha sAmparAyika karma hai| sUkhI dIvAla ke Upara lage hue sUkhe gole kI taraha yoga se AkRSTa jo karma kapAyodaya na hone se AtmA ke sAtha lagakara turanta hI chUTa jAtA hai vaha IryApathikakarma kahalAtA hai| * jainadarzana meM ATha prakAra ke karmoM kI carcA kI gaI hai 1. jJAnAvaraNIya, 2. darzanAvaraNIya, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6 nAma, 7. gotra, aura 8. antarAya / ina aSTakarmoM meM AtmA ke svabhAva ke AvaraNa kI dRSTi se cAra ghAtI evaM cAra aghAtI karma mAne gaye haiN| cU~ki cAra ghAtI karma AtmA ke jJAna, darzana Adi svabhAva ko Avarita karate haiM, AtmA kI svAbhAvika dazA ko vikRta karate haiM evaM jIvana mukti meM bAdhaka hote haiN| isa kAraNa inheM ghAtI arthAt ghAta karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai| inheM bhAva karma ke antargata rakhA jA sakatA hai| isake viparIta aghAtIkarma haiM, jo na to AtmA kI svAbhAvika dazA ko vikRta karate haiM aura na hI bhAvI bandhana ke kAraNa hote haiN| -- karma kI dasa avasthAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| 1. bandha, 2. saMkramaNa, 3. utkarSaNa, 4. apavartana, 5. sattA, 6. udaya, 7. udIraNA, 8. upazamana, 9. nidhatti aura 10. nikAcanA / --- karmavipAka evaM phalabhoga kI carcA karma ke uparyukta saMkSipta paricaya ke pazcAt aba hama usa sAmAnya mAnavajijJAsA kI ora bar3heMge jo prAyaH ulajha kara hI raha jAtI hai| vaha sahaja jijJAsA yaha hai ki hama jo bhI karma karate haiM kyA una sabhI kA eka niyata samaya pazcAt yA aniyata rUpa se vipAka hotA hai ? tathA usa vipAka ke pazcAt sabhI karma hameM eka nizcita samaya se phalopabhoga bhI karAte haiM ? kyA sabhI manuSya svakRta karmoM kA phalopabhoga avazya hI karate haiM, isa janma meM yA agale janma meM? kyA karmoM ke phaloM kA saMvibhAga hotA hai ? yA nahIM Adi / mAnava jo bhI karma karatA hai cAhe vo naitika ho yA anaitika, kalyANaprada ho yA duHkhada, zubha ho yA azubha, koI bhI karma naSTa nahIM hotA hai aisA nItizAstriyoM kI mAnyatA hai| isa vicAra ke anusAra hameM to yahI niSkarSa nikalatA pratIta hotA hai ki hamAre dvArA jo bhI karma kiyA jAtA hai vaha pahale to saMcita ho jAtA hai, phira bAda meM karmoM kA vipAka kAla Ane para usase zubha yA azubha pariNAma nikalatA hai| bhAratIya nIti vicArakoM meM se kucha ne to yaha mAnA hai ki
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________________ karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra -- tattvArthasUtra ke prasaMga meM sabhI karmoM kA niyata samaya para vipAka hotA hai aura usakA phala hameM avazya hI bhoganA par3atA hai| kucha aniyata vipAka ko mahattva dete haiM ve kahate haiM sabhI karmoM kA phala bhoga Avazyaka nahIM hai kintu jaina vicAraNA karma vipAka kI niyatatA evaM aniyatatA donoM ko hI svIkAra karatI hai aura yaha batalAtI hai ki karmoM ke pIche rahI huI kaSAyoM kI tIvratA evaM alpatA ke AdhAra para hI kramazaH niyata yA aniyata vipAkI karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAe~ saMkramaNa, udvartanA, apavartanA, udIraNA evaM upazamana karmoM ke aniyata vipAka kI ora saMketa karatI haiM aura spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAtI haiM ki vyakti pUrva meM kiye gaye sabhI karmoM ke phaloM ko niyata rUpa se bhoga karane ke lie bAdhya nahIM hai| hamane jo karma kiyA hai, jise hamane boyA hai use cAheM to dUsare hI kSaNa ukhAr3a kara pheMka sakate haiN| hama karmoM ke phaloM meM saMkramaNa ( parivartana ) kara sakate haiM, use kama yA adhika kara sakate haiM athavA yadi cAheM to viziSTa sAdhanA dvArA pUrva meM ba~dhe hue karma kI phanna dene kI zakti ko samApta kara sakate haiN| kintu jaina vicAraNA yaha bhI mAnatI hai ki jina karmoM kA bandha tIvra kapAya bhAvoM ke phalasvarUpa hotA hai ve niyata vipAkI hote hai| karma phalabhoga kI carcA karma phala ke viSaya meM yoga vAsiSTha' meM yaha varNita hai -- na sa zailo natadvyoma na so'bdhizcana vissttpm| asti yatraphalaM nAsti kRtAnAmAtma karmaNAm ( yogavAsiSTha) arthAta aisA koI parvata nahIM hai, aisA koI AkAza nahIM, aisA koI samudra nahIM, aisA koI svarga nahIM hai jahA~ ki apane kiye hue karmoM kA phala na milatA ho| yaha kahA jAtA hai aura anubhava meM bhI AtA hai ki mana kA spandana hI karma rUpI vRkSa kA bIja hai aura taraha-taraha ke phalavAlI vividha kriyAyeM usakI zAkhAe~ hai... / anya nIti vicArakoM ne bhI karmoM ko phalayukta hI mAnA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra ke vicAra bhI uparyukta ke samAna hI haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne bhI karmoM ko phalayukta mAnA hai| kartA ko apane karmAnusAra phalopabhoga karanA hI par3atA hai| isa bAta kA nizcaya ho jAne para ki jo bhI karma kRta hai, ve phaladAyaka haiM evaM karma kA kartA usakA phalabhoktA hai, hameM apane una karmoM ke prati saceta ho jAnA cAhie jo ki abhI hamAre pArA kRta nahIM haiM kintu jo bhaviSya meM kRta hoNge| kyoMki hameM yaha vidita ho gayA hai ki hama jaipa karma kareMge-- zubha yA azubha, acchA yA burA, naitika yA anaitika ThIka usI ke anurUpa hama phalamaga karane ko bhI bAdhya hoNge| ataH hameM karmoM ko karane ke pUrva soca-vicAra kara lenA cAhie tAki usakA pariNAma sukhada, kalyANakArI, naitika evaM bandhanarahita ho, kintu isa bAta ke lie hameM yaha jJAta honA Avazyaka hai ki kauna-kauna se karma naitika yA anaitika, zubha yA azubha, acche yA bure haiM ? kisa AdhAra para hama karmoM ko naitika-anaitika Adi kahate haiN| tattvArthasUtrakAra ne "zubhaHpuNyasya, azubhaH pApasya" aisA mAnA hai| karma kI naitikatA-anaitikatA ke AdhAra ke viSaya meM koI viziSTa carcA ho, isake pUrva hameM saMkSipta rUpa meM yaha jAna lenA For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ Avazyaka hai ki hama kina-kina AdhAroM para kisI karma ko naitika-anaitika mAnate haiM / vaise nIti vicArakoM kI isa viSaya meM do dRSTiyA~ haiM prathama dRSTi ke anusAra kisI bhI karma ko naitika yA anaitika mAnane kA AdhAra karttA kA viziSTa uddezya, prayojana yA hetu hai / isameM cU~ki kartA ke manobhAvoM ke AdhAra para karma kI naitikatA - anaitikatA kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai isalie hama isa AdhAra ko karma ke mAnasika pakSa kI saMjJA de sakate haiM kyoMki kisI bhI karma ke naitika-anaitika hone meM karttA kI bhAvanAoM ko hI yahA~ AdhAra rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| -- dvitIya dRSTi ke anusAra kisI karma ko naitika-anaitika mAnane kA AdhAra jagata meM dRzyamAna karma pariNAma hai arthAt kisI karma ke acche-bure pariNAma ko dekhakara use naitika yA anaitika kahA jAtA hai| prathama dRSTi ko naitikatA ke AdhAra kA mAnasika yA Antarika pakSa evaM dvitIya dRSTi ko bAhya yA bhautika pakSa kahA jA sakatA hai| vastutaH nIti vicArakoM ke madhya yaha eka vivAda kA hI viSaya banA huA hai ki hama karma kI naitikatA, anaitikatA kA AdhAra kise banAe~? karttA ke prayojana ko ? yA kRta karmoM ke pariNAma ko ? jaina vicAraka isa vivAda ko apanI anekAntavAdI dRSTi ke AdhAra para sulajhA dete haiM / unhoMne prayojana evaM pariNAma donoM ko hI karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra banAyA hai, kintu unhoMne pradhAnatA karttA ke prayojana ko hI dI hai| karttA zubha-bhAva se prerita hokara jo karma karegA vaha naitika hogA bhale hI usakA phala yA pariNAma kucha bhI ho| yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA meM yatra-tatra upalabdha hai| AcArya kundakunda ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai adhyavasAya arthAt mAnasika hetu hI bandhana kA kAraNa hai cAhe bAhya rUpa meM hiMsA huI ho yA na huI ho| jaina AcAra darzana kArya ke pariNAma yA phala se vyatirikta usake hetu kI zuddhatA para hI bala detA hai| usake anusAra yadi kArya kisI zuddha prayojana se kiyA gayA hai to vaha zubha hI hogA cAhe usase kisI dUsare ko duHkha hI kyoM na pahu~cA ho aura yadi azubha prayojana se kiyA gayA hai to azubha hI hogA cAhe pariNAma ke rUpa meM usase dUsaroM ko sukha hI huA ho 1 tattvArtha sUtrAnusAra karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtrAntargata kahA hai ( zubhaH puNyasya, 6 / 3 azubhaH pApasya, 6/4 ) zubha uddezya se pravRtta yoga zubha evaM azubha uddezya se pravRtta yoga azubha hai| hiMsA, corI, abrahama di kAyika vyApAra azubha kAya yoga evaM dayA, dAna, brahmacaryapAlana Adi zubha kAya yoga hai| satya kintu sAvadya - bhASaNa, mithyAbhASaNa, kaThora bhASA Adi azubha vAk yoga hai evaM niravadya bhASaNa, satya bhASaNa Adi zubha vAgyoga hai| dUsaroM kI burAI kA tathA unake vadha Adi kA cintana karanA azubha manoyoga evaM dUsaroM kI bhalAI kA cintana Adi karanA tathA unake utkarSa se prasanna honA zubha manoyoga hai| saMkleza kapAya kI mandatA ke samaya hone vAlA yoga zubha aura saMkleza kI tIvratA ke samaya hone vAlA yoga azubha hai| karma naitika tabhI hogA jaba use saMklezarahita hokara kiyA jaay| mAnava kabhI bhI jIvana -- For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ rahate hue karmoM se vimukha nahIM ho sakatA, karma to hote hI rheNge| kisI bhI dazA meM unase virata nahIM huA jA sakatA / ataH una karmoM ko na chor3anA hai na badalanA hai, kintu kevala dhAraNA ko parivartita karanA hai| acchI dhAraNA meM hI karma kI naitikatA evaM burI dhAraNA meM anaitikatA antarnihita hai| saMklezarahita yA niSkAmabhAva se kiye gaye karma hI naitika hote haiM, kyoMki niSkAmabhAva se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, vaha jAna-bUjhakara kisI pApa dRSTi se nahIM kiyA jAtA parantu yadi kahIM bhUla, ajJAna yA bhramavaza koI pApa ho jAtA hai to vaha use bandhanakArI nahIM hotA hai kyoMki usa karma meM usakA koI svArtha nahIM hotA hai| niSkAma karma kA AcaraNa karane vAle puruSa kI sthiti Asakta puruSa se atyanta klikSaNa hotI hai| usake mana meM kisI prakAra kI sAMsArika kAmanA nahIM hotI, vaha jo kucha bhI karma karatA hai vaha saba phala kI icchA ko chor3akara Asaktirahita hokara karatA hai| tattvArthakAra kI dRSTi meM kisI bhI karma kI naitikatA, anaitikatA karttA ke caitasika pakSa yA mAnasika bhAvoM para hI nirbhara hai| karttA dvArA kRta karmoM kA jo bAhya svarUpa hameM parilakSita hotA hai (pariNAma ke rUpa ) vaha tattvArthakAra kI dRSTi meM karmoM kI naitikatA - anaitikatA kA mApadaNDa nahIM hai, AdhAra nahIM hai apitu jo kucha bhI hai vaha hai karttA kA prayojana, hetu aura usakI manobhAvanA / nispRha bhAva se, niSkAmabhAva se vAsanArahita hokara jo karma kiyA jAtA hai vahI naitika, zubha, puNyakArI karma hai tathA isake viparIta anaitika, azubha evaM pApakArI karma hai| jaise koI dayAlu vaidya cIra-phAr3a dvArA kisI rogI ko duHkha dene kA nimitta banane para bhI karuNAvRtti se prerita hone se pApabhAgI nahIM hotaa| tattvArthakAra kA uparyukta kathana karttA kI bhAvanA ko lekara hI kiyA gayA hai| kucha aise hI vicAra anya jaina vicArakoM ke bhI haiM "rAgAdi (bhAvoM) se mukta vyakti ke dvArA AcaraNa karate hue yadi hiMsA (prANaghAta) ho jAya to vaha hiMsA nahIM hai" AcArya amRtacandra / "sAdhAraNa loga yaha samajha baiThate haiM ki amuka kAma nahIM karane se apane ko puNya-pApa kA lepa nahIM lgegaa| isase ve kAma ko chor3a dete haiM para bahudhA unakI mAnasika kriyA nahIM chUTatI / ira. se ve icchA rahane para bhI puNya-pApa ke lepa (bandha) se apane ko mukta nahIM kara sakate / yadi kaSAya (rAgAdibhAva) nahIM hai to Upara kI koI bhI kriyA AtmA ko bandhana meM rakhane meM samartha nahIM hai| isase ulTe yadi kaSAya kA vega bhItara vartamAna hai to Upara se hajAra yatna karane para bhI koI apane ko bandhana se chur3A nahIM sktaa| isI se yaha kahA jAtA hai "Asakti chor3akara jo kArya kiyA jAtA hai vaha bandhanakAraka nahIM hotA" sukhalAla saMghavI / -- Paw aba prazna yaha hai ki, karma kI jo naitikatA hai usakA AdhAra sApekSa hai yA nirapekSa ? jaba se nIti cArakoM ne karma viSayaka svarUpa, prakArAdi kI bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM carcA kI hai tabhI se usake naitika mAnadaNDa aura naitika mUlyAMkana ko lekara unake madhya pArasparika vivAda panapatA rahA hai| kyoMki kucha vicAraka to isake AdhAra ko nirapekSa rUpa meM to kucha ne sApekSa rUpa meM mAnyatA dI hai| jahA~ taka nirapekSavAdI pakSa kI bAta hai unakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra nirapekSa hai arthAt pratyeka paristhiti, deza, kAla Adi meM naitikatA kA AdhAra parivartita nahIM hotA hai eka hI samAna rahate haiM / nirapekSa naitikatA dezakAlagata athavA --
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________________ DaoN. ratnA zrIvAstavA vyaktigata paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotI hai| inake ThIka viparIta karma kI naitikatA sApekSa hai-- yaha vicAra hai kyoMki isa pakSa ke anusAra kisI karma kI naitikatA, dezakAla, vyakti aura paristhiti ke parivartita hone se parivartita ho sakatI hai arthAt jo karma eka deza-kAla paristhiti meM naitika mAnA jAtA thA vahI dUsare yuga meM anaitika mAnA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra jo AcAra kisI yuga meM naitika mAnA jAtA thA vahI dUsare yuga meM anaitika mAnA jA sakatA hai tathA jo karma eka vyakti ke lie eka paristhiti meM naitika ho sakatA hai vahI dUsarI paristhiti meM anaitika ho sakatA hai| deza-kAla evaM vyaktitva tathA samAja kI paristhiti unheM prabhAvita karatI hai / sApekSavAdI vicArakoM ke matAnusAra paristhiti nirapekSa karma naitika mUlyAMkana kA viSaya nahIM hai| vAstava meM karma kI naitikatA kA mUlyAMkana usI paristhiti ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai jisameM vaha sampanna hotA hai tathA paristhiti ke parivartita hote hI karma kA naitika mUlya bhI badala sakatA hai| tattvArtha sUtrAntargata chaTheM adhyAya meM (pR. 159 ) varNita vedanIya (sAtA - asAtA ) karmoM ke adhyayana se hameM yaha abhijJAta hotA hai ki tattvArthasUtrakAra karma kI naitikatA ke AdhAra ko nirapekSa nahIM apitu sApekSa mAnate haiN| isa bAta kI puSTi nimnalikhita uddharaNoM dvArA hotI hai "yaha to sarvavidita hai ki eka ko jina prasaMgoM meM duHkha hotA hai usI prasaMga meM dUsaroM ko bhI duHkha ho yaha Avazyaka nhiiN...| jaise niyamavratAdi kA pAlana karanA tapasvI ke lie kaSTadAyaka hote hue bhI sukhakara hotA hai kintu unhIM niyamavratAdi se sAmAnya manuSya ko kaSTa hotA hai| dUsare, jisa prakAra koI dayAlu vaidya cIra-phAr3a ke dvArA kisI ko duHkha dene kA nimitta banane para bhI karuNAvRtti se prerita hone ke kAraNa pApabhAgI nahIM hotA, vaise hI sAMsArika duHkha dUra karane ke lie usake hI upAyoM ko prasannatApUrvaka karatA huA tyAgI bhI sadvRtti ke kAraNa pApa kA bandha nahIM karatA "... / (tattvArthasUtra, paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, pR. 159 ) aba prazna uThatA hai ki karma kI naitikatA kA AdhAra kaisA honA cAhie ? nirapekSa yA sApekSa ? vastutaH yaha eka bar3I gambhIra samasyA hai ki hama karma kI naitikatA ke AdhAra ko kaisA mAneM, yadi hama kisI karma kI naitikatA ke AdhAra ko nirapekSa mAnate haiM to, hama jisa karma ko eka paristhiti, samaya meM naitika, zubha, acchA mAnate haiM vahI karma dUsarI paristhiti, samaya meM, anaitiyA, azubha evaM burA ho jAtA hai| udAharaNArtha " satI prathA ko eka samaya meM naitika evaM acchA mAnA jAtA thA, kintu usI prathA ko aba anaitika evaM burA samajhA jAtA hai| ataH hama naiti ke AdhAra ko nirapekSa nahIM mAna skte| punaH naitikatA ke AdhAra ko sApekSa mAnane para bhI samasyA kA anta nahIM ho pAtA hai kyoMki paristhiti, deza-kAla Adi sApekSa hone se kisI karma kI naitikatA ke AdhAra ke viSaya meM koI eka sunizcita mata nahIM rahatA hai arthAt hama kisI bhI karma ko nizcita rUpa se naitika yA anaitika nahIM kaha pAte haiM kyoMki paristhiti ke parivartana ke sAtha-sAtha eka hI karma naitika yA anaitika hotA rahatA hai| isa vicAradhArA ke antargata aura bhI muzkila hai kyoMki For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ nirapekSavAdI vicAradhArA meM kama se kama kisI karma kI naitikatA-anaitikatA nizcita to rahatI hai kintu isameM to vaha bhI nahIM hai| vastutaH isameM hama yaha kathana kara pAne meM asamartha haiM ki amuka karma sArvabhaumika rUpa se naitika hai aura amuka karma anaitik| karma kI naitikatA-anaitikatA ke AdhAra kI anizcitatA ke kAraNa hama yaha nirNaya kara pAne meM asamartha haiM ki jo karma mere yA anya ke dvArA kiyA jA rahA hai vaha naitika hai yA anaitik| punaH yadi hama koI eka nizcita AdhAra mAna bhI leM to hamAre dvArA jo karma viSayaka nirNaya diyA jAyegA usameM do pakSa to anivAryataH vidyamAna hI hoMge kartA kA prayojana evaM karma kA pariNAma / jaba hama anya vyakti ke karmoM kI naitikatA-anaitikatA kA nirNaya karate haiM to hama kevala kie gaye karmoM ke pariNAmoM se hI avagata ho pAte haiM, kintu usa karma ke pIche kartA kA prayojana kyA thA, hama nahIM jAna pAte haiN| vastutaH yaha eka kaThina samasyA hai, kyoMki kisI bhI vyakti dvArA kisI kartA ke viSaya meM yaha patA lagA pAnA muzkila hai ki usakA karma ke pIche kyA prayojana thA ? aura sAtha hI yaha jAnanA bhI muzkila hai ki kisI kartA ne yadi koI karma kiyA hai to usa karma ke pariNAma kA dUsaroM para kyA prabhAva pdd'aa| udAharaNArtha yadi kisI vyakti ko durghaTanA meM coTa laga jAtI hai, to DaoNkTara yadi usakI TA~ga kATa detA hai kyoMki vaha socatA hai ki aisA karane se hI rogI jIvita raha sakatA hai, to yahA~ isa prasaMga meM yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai ki rogI ko apanI TA~ga DaoNkTara se kaTavAnA naitika yA acchA lagA ki nahIM kyoMki ho sakatA hai ki use TA~ga ga~vAnA acchA na lagatA ho| hama apane karmoM ke viSaya meM to nirNaya de sakate haiM kintu anyoM ke viSaya meM diye gaye naitika nirNaya sarvadA apUrNa hoNge| vAstava meM hama sabhI kI jJAna kI eka sImA hai usase pare jA pAnA kaThina hai| svAbhAvika rUpa se yaha prazna hamAre mana ko udvelita kara rahA hai ki hamAre jIvana kA kyA uddezya hai ? vAstava meM naitika karmoM ko jIvana meM utArane se hamAre jIvana ko kyA lAbha mila sakatA hai ? isake pAlana ke pIche kyA uddezya hai..? naitika karmoM se jIvana praNAlI kA nirmANa holA hai aura yadi pratyeka mAnava kA jIvana isI prakAra ho jAya to eka suvyavasthita evaM vikAseta mAnava samAja kI sthApanA ho jAe, jo ki sampUrNa rASTra ke lie hitakara hogaa| vastutaH naitika karma pratyeka prANI ko duSkarmoM meM pravRtta karane se rokatA hai aura sadAcAra, paropakAra, zAMti aura saha-astitva kI ora prerita karatA hai| yaha "jio aura jIne do" kA uttama mArga dikhAtA hai| vastutaH naitika karmoM kA lakSya eka aise samatva kI saMsthApanA karanA hai jisase Antarika manovRttiyoM kA saMgharSa, Antarika icchAoM aura unakI pUrti ke bAhya prayAsoM kA saMgharSa aura bAhya samAjagata evaM rASTragata saMgharSa jo svayaM vyakti ke dvArA prasUta nahIM hote hue bhI use prabhAvita karate haiM, samApta ho jaayeN| naitika karma dvArA hI rASTra kA utthAna sambhava hai| hamArA sAmAjika jIvana, cintana saMgharSa tathA anavarata karmoM dvArA apane parivAra, samAja evaM deza kI sevA karane kA sopAna hai| mAnava jIvana hI nahIM sampUrNa rASTra evaM vizva, yahA~ taka ki mAnavatA bhI vairAgiyoM se nahIM, apitu karmayogiyoM se jIvita hai| Aja kI sabhyatA, saMskRti, kalA, sAhitya, vijJAna Adi jinhoMne For Private &&ersonal Use Only
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________________ DA. ratnA zravAstavA jIvana ko Adhunika, ArAmadAyaka yA sukha-sampanna banAyA hai una mahAna RSiyoM, muniyoM, kalAkAroM, sAhityakAroM evaM vaijJAnikoM kI dena hai jinhoMne apanA sampUrNa jIvana mAnava sevArtha niSkAma bhAva se khapA diyA / kintu Aja saMsAra meM jitane bhI karma ho rahe haiM ve sabhI prAyaH nijI svArthapUrti hetu hI ho rahe haiN| saMkIrNa dAyare meM, parivAra, samAja yA rASTrIyatA kI paridhi ke andara hI karma hone ke kAraNa karma na to niSkAma ho pAtA hai aura na jJAna kA, Ananda kA, zAnti kA hI vistAra kara pAtA hai / phalasvarUpa kisI vyakti meM zAnti nahIM hai, kisI bhI rASTra meM zAnti nahIM hai / sarvatra hiMsA, azAMti, dveSa, bhraSTAcAra Adi vyApta hai| Aja pUrA vizva vibhISikAoM, trAsoM evaM kolAhala kA bhayAnaka araNya ho gayA hai| aisI cintya, kaSTamaya evaM avyavasthita sthiti meM yadi vicArazIla vyakti niSkAma karmayoga ko apanA sake, apanA niyata karma athavA nirdhArita karma niHsvArtha bhAva se karane lage, aisA samajhane lage ki yaha zarIra yA jo kucha hameM saMsAra meM prApta hai vaha saMsAra ke kalyANArtha hI arpita karanA hai, to nizcaya hI vizva meM zAnti kA avataraNa ho skegaa| baijanAtha bhavana, 57, javAhara nagara kAlonI, vArANasI (u.pra.)
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya - DaoN. kRSThApAla tripAThI mahAkavi rAmacandrasUri jaina saMskRta vAGmaya .ke bahuprazaMsita sAhityakAra hai| sAhitya, vyAkaraNa aura nyAya sadRza gambhIra viSayoM se sambandhita granthoM kA praNayana kara unhoMne surabhAratI kA jo sundara zRMgAra kiyA, vaha sarvatobhAvena zlAghya hai| yadyapi unhoMne sAhitya kI aneka vidhAoM para sAdhikAra lekhanI calAyI phira bhI eka rUpakakAra evaM nATyAcArya ke rUpa meM hI unakI vizeSa khyAti hai| unakI racanAoM meM utkRSTa koTi kI sAhityikatA ke sAtha-sAtha tatkAlIna sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM rAjanItika jIvana se sambandhita aneka mahattvapUrNa tathya upalabdha haiM parantu unameM kavi ke jIvana-vRtta evaM racanAoM ke viSaya meM vistRta sUcanA pradAna karane vAlI sAmagrI kA abhAva hai| phira bhI antaH evaM bAhaya sAkSyoM se jo jAnakArI prApta hotI hai, usI ke AdhAra para rAmacandrasUri ke jIvana evaM racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta jIvana-vRtta (ka) sthAna -- rAmacandrasUri ke janmasthAna ke viSaya meM koI prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha nahIM hai| svayaM kavi aura anya sAhityakAroM ne bhI isa viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| Adhunika vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki rAmacandrasUri kA janma gujarAta meM aNahillapura pATana ke samIpa huA thaa|' yadi gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kiyA jAye to yaha anumAna satya ke atyanta sannikaTa pratIta hotA hai| rAmacandra ke guru AcArya hemacandra bhI gujarAta meM hI janme aura dIrghakAla taka usI pradeza meM birAjamAna rhe| sambhavataH rAmacandra kA janma bhI gujarAta meM hI huA thA, tabhI to unheM AsAnI se hemacandrAcArya kA sannidhya prApta huaa| dUsarI ora gujarAta ke caulukya narezoM ke sAtha bhI unake ghaniSTha sambandha the| ataH rAmacandra kI karmabhUmi bhI gujarAta hI thii| (kha) zikSA-dIkSA -- antaH evaM bAhaya donoM sAkSyoM se spaSTa hai ki rAmacandrasUri gujarAta ke suprasiddha jainAcArya kalikAlasarvajJa zrImadAcArya hemacandrasUri ke ziSya the| hemacandra apane yuga ke mahAn dharmAcArya evaM sAhityakAra the| ataH ve hI rAmacandra ke dIkSA-guru ke sAtha-sAtha zikSA-guru bhI the| purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha se jJAta hotA hai ki hemacandrasUri ne rAmacandra ko suziSya samajha kara unheM vizeSa vidyA evaM mAna diyA thaa| rAmacandra atyanta jijJAsu, guNagrAhI evaM asAmAnya pratibhAsampanna ziSya the| unhoMne zIghra hI zabda (vyAkaraNa), pramANa (nyAya) aura kAvya -- ina tIna mahAvidyAoM meM apanA varcasva sthApita kara liyaa| isIlie unhoMne bar3e garva ke sAtha svayaM ko 'vidyAjyIcaNam' aura 'vidyavedinaH' kahA hai| vastutaH haimabRhadvRttinyAsa, dravyAlaMkAra, nATyadarpaNa aura vividhavidha spakoM-stotroM kA praNayana kara unhoMne apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA jo paricaya diyA hai, vaha unake traividyavijJatva kA prabala sAkSya 10
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________________ hai / ve samagra sAhitya ke jJAtA the| unhoMne mahAkaviyoM dvArA nibaddha rUpakoM kA vidhivat adhyayana kiyA thA / gIta, vAdya, nRtya evaM lokasthiti kA unheM pUrNa parijJAna thA / unakI racanAoM meM upalabdha 'acumbitakAvyatandra' aura 'vizIrNakAvyanirmANanistandra vizeSaNa bhI unake agAdha jJAna ke dyotaka hai| 6 rAmacandrasUri atyanta suyogya vidvAn evaM uccAcAra sampanna jaina santa the / unake utkRSTa guNoM se prabhAvita hokara guru hemacandra ne apane jIvanakAla meM hI unheM apanA paTTaziSya niyukta kara diyA thaa| prabhAvakacarita se jJAta hotA hai ki eka bAra siddharAja jayasiMha ne jijJAsAvaza hemacandra se pUchA ki Apake bAda isa pada ko suzobhita karane vAlA yogya ziSya kauna sA hai ? isake uttara meM hemacandra ne apane yogyatama ziSya rAmacandra kA nAma batalAyA / vastutaH apane asAmAnya vidyA-vaibhava evaM bahu-AyAmI vyaktitva ke kAraNa rAmacandrasUri hI isa garimAmaya pada ke lie sarvathA upayukta the| hemacandra ke stara ko dekhate hue yaha sahaja hI pratIta hotA hai ki unake ziSyoM arthAt rAmacandra ke satIrthyo kI saMkhyA bahuta adhika rahI hogI parantu durbhAgyavaza abhI taka kevala sAta ke viSaya meM hI jAnakArI prApta ho sakI hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM-mahendrasUri, guNacandragaNi, vardhamAnagaNi, devacandramuni, yazazcandragaNi, udayacandra aura bAlacandragaNi / (ga) rAjAzraya madhyakAla meM rAjanItika uthala-puthala evaM anya kAraNoM se sAhitya-sarjana kI gati avaruddha hone lagI / ataH sAhitya evaM saMskRti ke saMrakSaNa ke lie kaviyoM ko rAjAzraya kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| dUsarI ora bahuvizruta vidvAnoM evaM kaviyoM ko prazraya pradAna karanA bhI tatkAlIna zAsakoM ke lie pratiSThA kA viSaya bana gayA thA / hemacandra ne isa avasara kA bharapUra lAbha utthaayaa| unhoMne gujarAta ke caulukyanareza siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM pahale svayaM ko pratiSThita kiyA aura bAda meM apane priya ziSya rAmacandra ke lie rAjAzraya prApti kA mArga prazasta kiyA / prabhAvakacarita se jJAta hotA hai ki hemacandra ne hI siddharAja se rAmacandra kA paricaya karAyA thaa| paricaya dete samaya unhoMne rAmacandra viracita eka rAjastuti bhI sunAI, jise sunakara rAjA bahuta prasanna huaa| bAda meM usane rAmacandra ko hemacandrAcArya ke caraNa-kamaloM meM bhaktibhAva rakhate hue jainendrazAsana meM ekAgracita hone kA parAmarza bhI diyA thA / upadezataraMgiNI meM ina donoM se sambandhita eka anya vivaraNa bhI upalabdha hai| isa grantha ke anusAra eka bAra grISma Rtu * meM krIDodyAna jAte samaya siddharAja se rAmacandra kI bheMTa ho gyii| rAjA ne pUchA ki garmI meM dina itane bar3e kyoM ho jAte haiM ? rAmacandra ne tatkAla eka svaracita zloka sunAyA, jisameM uttara ke sAtha rAjA ke pratApa kA bhI varNana upalabdha thaa| rAjA ne pattana nagara kA varNana karane ko khaa| unhoMne avilamba utprekSAlaMkAra yukta sundara zloka meM nagara kA vaibhava varNana kara diyaa| ina rAjabhaktipUrNa, kalpanAtiraMjita evaM sadyaH racita padyoM ko sunakara rAjA bahuta prabhAvita huA aura usane sabhI ke samakSa rAmacandra ko 'kavikaTAramalla kI mahanIya upAdhi se sammAnita kiyA / prabandhacintAmaNi meM bhI yaha prasaMga saMkSipta rUpa se varNita hai / 10 11
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________________ rAmacandrasUri prabala puruSArthI evaM prakhara pratibhA ke dhanI the| unhoMne zIghra hI siddharAja kI vidvatsabhA meM gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta kara liyaa| rAjA unheM paryApta sammAna detA thA aura kAvyaprabandhAdi ke guNa-doSa-parIkSaNa sadRza gurutara kAryoM ke lie bhI avasara detA thA / prabandhacintAmaNi ke anusAra zrIpAla - racita sahasraliMgasarovaraprazasti ke saMzodhana ke lie rAjA ne jaba vidvAnoM ko Amantrita kiyA, taba hemacandra ne apane gaccha kI ora se rAmacandra ko yaha samajhAkara bhejA ki yadi sabhI loga prazasti kI prazaMsA kareM to unheM TippaNI karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| prazasti meM rAjA kI mamatA aura zrIpAla ke vaidagdhya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vidvAnoM ne kahA ki sabhI padya acche haiM tathApi 'kozenApi yutaM dalairupacitaM.' viziSTa hai| rAjA ne jaba rAmacandra se pUchA, taba unhoMne ukta padya meM vyAkaraNa sambandhI do doSoM kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA / 11 isa prakAra lokavizruta vidvAnoM ke madhya rAmacandrasUri ko zrIpAla - racita kAvya kI samIkSA karane kA jo avasara prApta huA, vaha unakI agAdha vidvattA kA dyotaka hai| siddharAja kA uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla bhI hemacandra kA paramabhakta thaa| usane saM. 1216 meM jainadharma svIkAra kara liyaa| ataH spaSTa hai ki isake pUrva hI hemacandra usakI vidvatsabhA meM A gaye the / anumAna hai ki rAmacandrasUri ne bhI apane guru ke sAtha yA tatkAla bAda hI kumArapAla kA prazraya prApta kiyA hogaa| ve kumArapAla kI sabhA ke prakhyAta vidvAn the / unakI kIrti - kaumudI sarvatra vistRta thI / samasyApUrti ke kSetra meM unakA nAma agragaNya thA / merutuMga aura caritrasundara gaNi ne vArANasI se Ane vAle kavi vizvezvara dvArA samasyAyeM prastuta karane aura rAmacandra dvArA unakI pUrti karane ke rocaka prasaMga kA varNana kiyA hai| 12 rAmacandra kI vidvattA evaM saccaritratA ke kAraNa kumArapAla unheM paryApta sammAna detA thA / viSama paristhitiyoM meM vaha unase sadupadeza bhI grahaNa karatA thA / jayasiMhasUri viracita kumArapAla carita se jJAta hotA hai ki hemacandra ke asAmayika nidhana se duHkhI kumArapAla ko rAmacandra hI pratidina sambodhita karate the| eka anya vivaraNa se jJAta hotA hai ki ajayapAla dvArA diye gaye viSa se jaba kumArapAla prabhAvita huA, taba paryantArAdhanA karane ke lie usane munIzvara rAmacandra ko hI bulAyA thaa| 13 ina vivaraNoM se spaSTa hai ki kumArapAla ke antima samaya taka usase rAmacandrasUri kA ghaniSTha sambandha banA rahA / (gha) netranAza aitihAsika sAkSyoM se jJAta hotA hai ki rAmacandra kI eka A~kha naSTa ho gayI thI / isa viSaya meM kaI prakAra ke vivaraNa upalabdha haiN| prabhAvakacarita ke anusAra hemacandra ne jaba siddharAja ye rAmacandra kA paricaya karAyA, taba usane rAmacandra ko hemaprabhu kI sevA karate hue jainendrazAsana meM "eka dRSTi" bane rahane kA parAmarza diyA thaa| isake bAda upAzraya meM rAmacandra kI dAhinI A~kha naSTa ho gyii| 14 merutuDga ne unake netranAza kA dUsarA kAraNa batalAyA hai| unake anusAra sahasraliMga-sarovara - prazasti meM vyAkaraNa sambandhI doSa dikhalAne para siddharAja kI najara laga jAne (kradvadRSTi par3ane) se upAzraya meM praveza karate samaya rAmacandra kI eka A~kha phUTa gyii| 15 DaoN. buhalara ne bhI unake netranAza ko unake dvArA kI gayI isI kuvicArita nindA --- 12
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________________ kA pariNAma mAnA hai| 16 pITarsana mahodaya ke caturtha prativedana se jJAta hotA hai ki rAmacandra bahuta uddaNDa the| unheM jaba RSi jayAmna ke samakSa lAyA gayA, taba unhoMne jaina vizvAsa ke anusAra svayaM ko eka dRSTi ke sAtha prastuta kiyA / 17 isa prakAra unhoMne svayaM hI apanI eka A~kha naSTa kara dii| pro. sANDesarA kA vicAra hai ki unakI A~kha janma se yA bAlyAvasthA meM hI daivavazAt naSTa huI hogii| 18 yadyapi svayaM kavi ne apane netranAza kI ghaTanA kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM kiyA tathApi unake stotroM meM bhagavAn jina se dRSTidAna kI jo prArthanA kI gayI hai, usameM unakI cakSukSati ke sUkSma saMketa vidyamAna haiN| udAharaNArtha nemistava kA antima padya prastuta hai- rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya neme ! nidhehi nizitAsilatAbhirAma candrAvadAtamahaTasaM mayi deva ! dRSTim / sadyastamAMsi vitatAnyapi yAntu nAzamujjRmbhatAM sapadi zAzvatikaH prakAzaH / / isI prakAra SoDazikA nAma se vikhyAta sabhI stotroM ke anta meM nimnalikhita padya upalabdha hotA hai- svAminnanantaphalakalpataro'tirAma candrAvadAta caritAJcitavizvacakra ! | zakrastutAMhisarasIruha ! duHsvasArthe deva ! prasIda karuNAM kurudehi dRSTim / / yadyapi ina padyoM meM kavi ne mukti patha para agrasara hone ke lie AdhyAtmika dRSTi pradAna karane ke lie prArthanA kI hai parantu usakI bArambAra AvRtti avazya hI dvyarthI pratIta hotI hai| vyatirekadvAtriMzikA ke 31veM padya "jagati pUrvavidherviniyogajaM vidhinatAndhyagalattanutAssdikam" meM upalabdha "vidhinatAndhya" aura "galattanutA" padoM se pratIta hotA hai ki antima avasthA meM rAmacandra donoM netroM se jyotihIna ho gaye the / (Ga) anta rAmacandrasUri kA antima samaya atyanta duHkhada vyatIta huA / kumArapAla kA bhatIjA ajayapAla eka viziSTa kAraNavaza unase vaira mAnatA thA / ataH sattArUr3ha hone para usane isa mahAna kavi kA anta karavA diyA / prabandhacintAmaNi se jJAta hotA hai ki ajayapAla dvArA jaba prabandhazatakartA rAmacandra ko tapta tAmrapaTTikA para baiThAyA gayA, taba unhoMne eka zloka par3hA aura dA~ta se apanI jihvA kATakara mRtyu ko prApta kiyaa| 19 yahA~ rAjA ke dveSa kA kAraNa nahIM spaSTa kiyA gayA jabaki anya prabandhoM meM isa viSaya para paryApta prakAza DAlA gayA hai| prabandhakoza ke anusAra eka bAra kumArapAla ne hemacandrasUri se parAmarza mA~gA ki vaha apanA uttarA kArI kise bnaaye| hemacandra ne ajayapAla kA virodha aura pratApamalla kA samarthana kiyA / hemacandra ke eka ziSya bAlacandra ne apane mitra ajayapAla se batA diyaa| ajayapAla hemagacchI rAmacandra Adi se dveSa karane lagA aura sattArUr3ha hone para unheM tapta lauhapaTTikA para baiThA kara unakI jIvanalIlA samApta kara dii| lagabhaga isI prakAra ke vivaraNa jayasiMha ke kumArapAlacarita aura jinamaNDanagaNi-racita kumArapAlaprabandha meM bhI upalabdha haiN| 20 purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha meM yaha ghaTanA anya prakAra se varNita hai| hemasUri ke rAmacandra aura bAlacandra ziSya the| guru ne rAmacandra ko suziSya samajhakara vizeSa vidyA aura mAna diyaa| isase bAlacandra kruddha ho gayA aura ajayapAla se mila gyaa| ajayapAla jaba rAjA banA, taba usane 13
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya rAmacandra se hemasUri kI sampUrNa vidyAyeM apane mitra bAlacandra ko pradAna karane ko khaa| rAmacandra ne usa kupAtra ko guru kI vidyA dene se inkAra kara diyaa| rAjA ne unheM agni para baiThane kA Adeza diyaa| rAmacandra ne apanI jivA kATakara prANa tyAga diyaa| yadyapi yazaHpAla, AbhaDa Adi ne isa amAnavIya ghaTanA ko rokane kA bharasaka prayAsa kiyA, tathApi unheM saphalatA prApta nahIM huii| isa prakAra ajayapAla ke atyAcAra dvArA isa mahAn ahiMsAvAdI santa kavi kA anta ho gyaa| (ca) samaya -- rAmacandrasUri ne apane janma samaya Adi ke viSaya meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA parantu kucha aise sAdhana upalabdha haiM, jinake AdhAra para unake samaya kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| aitihAsika sAkSyoM se spaSTa hai ki rAmacandrasUri caulukyanareza siddharAja, kumArapAla aura ajayapAla ke zAsanakAla arthAt saM. 1150 se 1233 (1093 se 1176 I.) ke madhya vidyamAna the| Adhunika vinanoM meM pI.vI.kANe ne unakA jIvana-kAla 1150 se 1175 I. taka, DaoN. ke.eca trivedI ne 1125 se 1173 I. taka23 aura A. baladeva upAdhyAya ne 1130 se 1180 I. taka mAnA hai|24 DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI, pro. sANDesarA aura pro. je.eca. dave ne nalakliAsa ke sampAdaka lAlacadragAndhI ke AdhAra para rAmacandra kA janma saM. 1145, dIkSA 1150, sUripada prApti 1166, paTTadharapada prApti 1229 aura mRtyu 1230 meM svIkAra kiyA hai| parantu yaha mata nitAnta bhrAmaka hai| zrI gA~dhI ne jo samaya Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai, vaha rAmacandra kA nahIM, balki unake guru hemacandra kA hai| rAmacandra kA janma Adi hemacandra ke bAda honA caahie| rAmacandra kI racanAoM meM murAri (800 I.)27, abhinavagupta (dazama zatI I. 28 aura mammaTa (gyArahavIM zatI I.)29 kA nAmollekha milatA hai| kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki nATyadarpaNa kI racanA dhanaJjaya ke dazarUpaka (974-994 I.) kI pratidvandritA meM huI thii|30 ataH spaSTa hai ki rAmacandra kA AvirbhAva dazama zatAbdI I. ke pazcAt huA thaa| ve apane guru hemacandra (1088-1172 I.) se Ayu meM choTe the aura guru ko pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki yadi koI daivI prakopa na huA to unakA ziSya unake bAda bhI jIvita rhegaa| isIlie unhoMne apane jIvana-kAla meM hI rAmacandra ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara diyA thaa| yadi rAmacandra ko guru se 20-22 varSa koTA mAna liyA jAya to unakA janma samaya 1110 I. ke Asa-pAsa nirdhArita hotA hai| eka anya AdhAra para bhI yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai| hemacandra ne siddharAja se paricaya karAte samaya jo rAjastuti prastuta kI thI, usameM dhArA-vijaya kA varNana kiyA gayA thaa|2 vaha vijaya 1135 I. ke phAlguna mAsa se jyeSTha mAsa ke madhya mAnI jAtI hai|31 sambhavataH isa vijaya ke tatkAla bAda hI rAmacandra ne usa rAjastuti ko prastuta kiyA thaa| isake kucha dinoM bAda hI rAjA ne unheM 'kavikaTAramalla kI upAdhi dI thii| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki usa samaya rAmacandra kI Arambhika avasthA thii|33 yadi unheM 25 varSa kA mAna liyA jAya to unakI janmatithi lagabhaga 1110 I. ThaharatI hai| 1135 I. meM unheM 25 varSa se kama Ayu vAlA bhI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki lagabhaga 1140 meM sahasaliMgasarovara-prazasti For Prival 4 Personal Use Only
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya ke saMzodhana ke samaya ve pUrNa vayaska rahe hoMge, tabhI to unheM yaha gurutara kAryabhAra sauMpA gayA thaa| DaoN. nemicandra ne bhI binA kisI tarka-vitarka ke rAmacandra kI Arambhika tithi 1109 I. mAnI hai|34 prAyaH sabhI sAkSyoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki rAmacandra kA anta ajayapAla (saM. 1030-1233 ) ke atyAcAroM se huA thaa| isa sandarbha meM anumAna hai ki usane sattArUr3ha hone ke tatkAla bAda hI unheM prANadaNDa diyA hogA kyoMki use yaha bhaya rahA hogA ki rAmacandra usake viruddha koI SaDyantra na taiyAra kara deN| isa AdhAra para rAmacandrasUri kA jIvanakAla 1110 se 1173 I. taka mAnanA adhika tarka saMgata pratIta hotA hai| racanAyeM rAmacandrasUri kI "prabandhazatakartA"35 upAdhi se pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne eka sau granthoM kA sRjana kiyA thaa| parantu muni jinavijaya jI isa mata se sahamata nahIM hai| unakA vicAra hai ki "prabandhazata" eka grantha vizeSa kA nAma hai, jisameM pA~ca sahasra zlokoM meM spaka ke dadaza bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|36 DaoN. ke.eca. trivedI ne isa mata kA khaNDana kara rAmacandra ko sau granthoM kA racayitA mAnA hai|37 vastutaH "prabandhazata" ko eka granya vizeSa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| Aja taka isa grantha kA koI prAmANika vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM huaa| jaba rAmacandra ne nATyadarpaNa meM rUpaka ke bradaza bhedoM kA samyak vivecana kara diyA, taba unheM usI viSaya para dUsarA grantha likhane kI AvazyakatA hI kyA thI ? yadi unhoMne isa grantha kA praNayana kiyA hotA to usake ekAdi uddharaNa kisI na kisI grantha meM avazya miltaa| ve nATyadarpaNa kI racanA ke pUrva hI prabandhazatakartA bana cuke the| yadi yaha spaka racanA se sambandhita grantha hotA to usakA ullekha nATyadapraNa meM hI milatA, parantu aisA na hone se prabandhazatako eka grantha vizeSa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| sAhitya meM "zata" zabda kA prayoga lagabhaga sau athavA bahusaMkhyaka artha meM hotA hai| svayaM kavi ne bhI kumAravihArazataka meM isa zabda kA lagabhaga sau ke artha meM prayoga kiyA hai, tabhI to unhoMne isa kAvya meM 116 padya rakhe haiN| ataH prabandhazatakartA kA tAtparya lagabhaga eka sau granyoM kA praNetA mAnanA adhika tarkasaMgata pratIta hotA hai| Adhunika yuga ke aneka vidvAnoM kA bhI yahI mata hai| abhI taka unakI 47 racanAoM ke viSaya meM jAnakArI upalabdha hai, jinameM 11 spaka, } zAstrIya grantha, 3 kAvya aura 30 stotra hai| (ka) ka -- rAmacandrasUri ke spakoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai -- 1. rAghayAbhyudaya -- yaha nATaka abhI upalabdha nahIM huA kintu nalavilAsa38 meM ullekha hone se yaha pUrvavartI racanA hai| kavi ne ise apane pA~ca sarvottama prabandhoM-- rAghavAbhyudaya, yAdavAbhyudaya, nalakliAsa, raghukliAsa aura dravyAlaMkAra meM parigaNita kiyA hai|39 nATyadarpaNa meM upalabdha uddharaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isameM sItA-svayaMvara se rAvaNa-kdha paryanta kathA varNita hai|40 2. yAdavAbhyudaya -- yaha bhI anupalabdha aura nalakliAsa se pUrvavartI nATaka hai| isameM kaMsa aura For Private 15ersonal Use Only
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya jarAsandha ke vadha ke bAda navama vAsudeva zrIkRSNa kA rAjyAbhiSeka varNita hai|41 3. nalavilAsa -- yaha rAmacandrasUri kA sarvottama nATaka hai| kavi ne kucha racanAoM meM apane guru hemacandrAcArya ke "siddhahaima" vyAkaraNa kA sasammAna ullekha kiyA hai| kintu nalavilAsa meM ukta grantha kA nAmollekha nahIM miltaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki nalavilAsa pUrvavartI racanA hai| siddhahaima kA racanAkAla 1135-1138 I. mAnA jAtA hai|43 ataH nalavilAsa kI racanA 1138 I. ke pUrva avazya ho gayI hogii| nalavilAsa sAta aMkoM kA nATaka hai| isameM mahAbhAratIya nalopAkhyAna aura vasadevahiNDI prabhRti jainasrotoM se grahIta nala-damayantI kI praNayakathA varNita hai| prathama aMka meM nala ko kApAlika-lambodara dvArA damayantI ke citrapaTa kI prApti aura dvitIya aMka meM damayantI ko anukUla banAne ke prayAsoM kA varNana huA hai| tRtIya aMka meM nAyaka-nAyikA kA milana aura caturtha aMka meM damayantI dvArA nala kA varaNa hotA hai| paMcama aMka meM kApAlika-Sar3ayantroM ke kAraNa nala apane bhAI kUbara ke hAthoM cUta meM sarvasva hArakara dezAntaragamana karatA hai aura mArga meM vanabhUmisuptA damayantI ko tyAgakara ayodhyA calA jAtA hai| SaSTha aMka ke gAMka meM vidarbhAgata bharatoM dvArA prastuta nalAnveSaNa nATaka meM damayantI ke pratibimba ko dekhane se nala ko vizvAsa ho jAtA hai ki damayantI kI jIvanalIlA samApta ho gyii| saptama aMka meM damayantI svayaMvara meM sammilita hone ke lie nala vikRta rUpa meM vidarbha pahu~catA hai| vahA~ kApAlika barA nala kA maraNa-pravAda sunakara damayantI citArohaNa karanA cAhatI hai kintu apane pUrvaspa meM prakaTa hokara nala usakI rakSA karatA hai| nalavilAsa kI kathAvastu atyanta rocaka evaM abhinayAnukUla hai| arthaprakRtiyoM, avasthAoM aura sandhiyoM kI yojanA meM kavi kA nATya-naipuNya spaSTataH parilakSita hotA hai| caritra-citraNa kI dRSTi se yaha nATaka vilakSaNa hai| isameM nAyaka ko dhIrodAtta rUpa meM na rakhakara dhIralalita spa meM citrita kiyA gayA hai| rasa niSpatti kI dRSTi se nATaka atyanta samRddha hai| isameM zRMgAra ko aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM aura anya rasoM ko aMga rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA praur3ha evaM prAMjala hai| vaidarbhIrIti meM likhita yaha nATaka guNa, alaMkAra, chandAdi ke samucita prayoga se pUrNataH susajjita hai| 4. raghavilAsa -- yaha nalavilAsa se paravartI aura ATha aMkoM kA nATaka hai| isakI adhikAMza ghaTanAye jaina-rAmAyaNa para AdhArita hai| prathama aMka meM zrIrAma kA vanagamana aura dvitIya aMka meM sItA-ha ga kA varNana hai| tRtIya aMka meM duHkhI rAma ke pAsa eka vidyAdhara AtA hai aura unase mAyAmugrIva kA kya kara vAstavika sugrIva kI rakSA karane kA anurodha karatA hai| caturya aMka meM rAvaNa, sItA ko AkRSTa karane kA asaphala prayAsa karatA hai| paMcama aMka meM vibhISaNa kA rAma kI zaraNa meM Ane aura candrarAzi kA rAmadUta rUpa meM laMkAgamana kI ghaTanAyeM varNita hai| SaSTha aMka meM indrajit aura kuMbhakarNa ke bandI banAye jAne para kruddha rAvaNa zakti prahAra se lakSmaNa ko mUcchita kara detA hai| saptama aMka meM mandodarI Adi rAvaNa ko samajhAtI haiN| aSTama aMka meM
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya ghora yuddha ke pazcAt lakSmaNa dvArA rAvaNa kA vadha aura anta meM rAma-sItA kA sAnanda milana hotA hai| isa nATaka meM mAyA-pAtroM kI kalpanA evaM unake nirvAha meM kavi kI vilakSaNa pratibhA kA parijJAna hotA hai| rAma-vilApa para vikramorvazIya kA paryApta prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| vastu, netA, rasa Adi nATakIya tatvoM kI dRSTi se yaha nATaka pUrNataH samRddha hai| 5. satyaharizcandra -- isakI prastAvanA meM "Adispaka" zabda ko dekhakara DaoN. caudharI ne ise kavi kI Adi kati mAna liyA hai.44 jabaki Adispaka kA artha hai-- rUpaka kA Adi prakAra arthAt naattk| isIlie nalavilAsa ko "AdyaM rUpakaM" aura kaumudImitrANanda prakaraNa ko "dvitIyaM rUpakaM" kahA gayA hai| vastutaH satyaharizcandra paravartI racanA hai| satyaharizcandra chaH aMkoM kA nATaka hai| isakI kathAvastu satyavAdI harizcandra ke paurANika AkhyAna para AdhArita hai| eka dina indra ne harizcandra kI prazaMsA kI parantu vaha kulapati ko acchI nahIM lgii| usane rAjA ke satva kI parIkSA lene ke lie kUTa-vidhAna taiyAra kiyaa| rAjA ne eka varAha ko mArane ke lie bANa calAyA, jisase kulapati-putrI vaMcanA kI pAlitA garbhiNI hariNI bhI mara gyii| kulapati ne rAjA ko zuddhi ke lie sarvasvadAna karane ko khaa| dvitIya aMka meM vaha sAketa pahu~cA aura eka mAsa ke andara mudrAyeM dene kA Adeza diyaa| tRtIya aMka meM putra aura patnI ko becane ke bAda rAjA cANDAla ke yahA~ naukarI karate haiN| caturtha-paMcama aMka meM kulapati ke SaDayantroM dvArA rAjA ke kaSToM kA varNana hai| SaSTha aMka meM mRta putra ke zava ko dekhane para bhI rAjA apanI satyaniSThA banAye rakhate haiN| anta meM unakI saphalatA ke lie devagaNa unheM badhAI dete haiN| isa nATaka meM caritra-nirmANa evaM lokAnuraMjana ke sabhI tathya vidyamAna haiN| rasa, bhAva, bhASA, abhinaya Adi kI dRSTi se yaha nATaka pUrNataH saphala hai| 6. nirbhayabhIma vyAyoga -- yaha vyAyoga koTi kA ekAMkI rUpaka hai| isameM mahAbhAratIya bakAsura-vadha kI kathA manorama zailI meM varNita hai| isa para bhAsa ke madhyamavyAyoga aura harSa ke nAgAnanda kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| 7. malikAmakaranda -- isakI prastAvanA meM ise nATaka kahA gayA hai, jabaki zAstrIya dRSTi se yaha karaNa hai| isameM chaH aMka hai| prakaraNa kI prakRti ke anusAra isameM mallikA aura makarandI praNaya-kathA lokaparamparA para AdhArita hai| prArambha meM nAyaka maraNodyatA nAyikA kI rakSA karatA hai| bAda meM mallikA kA pAlaka batalAtA hai ki yaha vidyAdhara kI putrI hai aura solaha varSa kI Ayu meM vaha ise punaH uThA le jaayegaa| makaranda usakI rakSA ke lie aneka kaSTa uThAtA hai| anta meM nAyaka-nAyikA kA sAnanda milana hotA hai| rasa-niSpatti, guNa, alaMkAra rIti, chanda Adi kI dRSTi se yaha prakaraNa uttama hai| isakI bhASA sarala evaM pravAhayukta hai| isa para bhavabhUti-viracita mAlatImAdhava kA paryApta prabhAva hai|
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya 8. kaumudImitrANanda -- dasa aMkoM ke isa sAmAjika prakaraNa meM jinadAsavaNika ke putra mitrANanda aura kulapati-putrI kaumudI kI praNaya-kathA kA varNana huA hai| prArambha meM nAyaka ko nAnA prakAra ke kaSTa uThAne par3ate haiM, bAda meM nAyaka-nAyikA kA milana hotA hai| kavi ne ise prakaraNa banAne kA prayAsa avazya kiyA hai, kintu use pUrNa saphalatA nahIM milii| isakI kathAvastu avyavasthita aura anATakIya hai| isa para dazakumAracarita kA paryApta prabhAva hai| 9. rohiNImRgAMka -- yaha rUpaka abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huaa| nATyadarpaNa meM upalabdha uddharaNoM ga spaSTa hai ki isameM rAjakumAra mRgAMka aura rohiNI kI praNaya-kathA varNita hai|46 10 panamAlA --- nATyadarpaNa47 meM upalabdha eka mAtra uddharaNa ke anusAra isa nATikA meM rAjA navI nArI vanamAlA kI praNaya-kathA citrita hai| sambhavataH yaha kathA damayantI ke mahAdevI banane kA kI hai| 11., yadavilAsa ..- rAmacandrasUri kA yaduvilAsa nATaka abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huaa| kahA jAtA hai ke isakA ullekha raghuvilAsa meM huA hai| raghuvilAsa ke sampAdaka pro. je. eca. dave ne bhI yahI kahA hai kintu unake dvArA sampAdita raghuvilAsa meM yaduvilAsa kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| patA nahIM unhoMne kisa prati ke AdhAra para aisA likhA hai| (kha) zAstrIyagrantha -- rAmacandrasUri ke zAstrIya granthoM kA paricaya nimnavat hai-- 1. nATyadarpaNa -- yaha rAmacandrasUri aura guNacandragaNi kI saMyukta racanA hai| isameM bharata ke nATyazAstra ke AdhAra para rUpaka-racanA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sampUrNa grantha meM 207. kArikAyeM haiM, jo cAra vivekoM meM vibhakta hai| saMkSiptatA ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM kArikAoM kA artha spaSTa nahIM hotA, isalie granthakAroM ne vistRta vRtti bhI likha dii| yadyapi nATyadarpaNa bharata ke nATyazAstra aura abhinava bhAratI para hI AdhArita hai, tathApi kucha sthaloM para unake matoM kA pariSkAra bhI kiyA gayA hai| yatra-tatra dazarUpaka kI apratyakSa rUpa se AlocanA bhI kI gayI hai| isa grantha kI ullekhanIya vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM granthakAroM ne aneka maulika udbhAvanAyeM prastuta kI hai,49 yathA-- rUpaka ke dvAdaza bhedoM kA nirUpaNa, rasoM kA sukhAtmaka-duHkhAtmaka vargoM meM vibhAjana, sandhi-racanA aadi| yadi nATyadarpaNa ko rAmacandrasUri kA kIrtistambha kahA jAya to koI atizayokti nahIM hogii| 2. dravyAlaMkAra -- yaha bhI rAmacandra guNacandra kI saMyukta kRti hai| isameM jaina nyAya kA viSada vivecana huA hai| sampUrNa grantha tIna adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai parantu abhI taka prathama adhyAya upalabdha nahIM huaa| zeSa do adhyAyoM kI jo tADapatrIya prati milI hai, vaha vi.saM. 1202 meM lipibaddha kI gayI thii|50 3. haimavRhadvRttinyAsa -- yaha hemacandrAcArya-praNIta siddhahaima vyAkaraNa para AdhArita nyAsa grantha hai| (ga) kAvya -- rAmacandrasUri-viracita kAvyoM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai -- For Private & Pe18nal Use Only
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________________ DaoN. kRSNapAla tripAThI 1. kumAravihArazataka -- prastuta khaNDakAvya kumArapAla dvArA nirmita kumAravihAra kI prazasti rUpa meM likhita hai| kumArapAla ne saM. 1216 meM jainadharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| isa AdhAra para isa grantha kA racanAkAla saM. 1216 se 1230 ke madhya mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa zataka meM 116 padya haiN| prArambha ke ATha padyoM meM pArzvanAtha kI stuti aura zeSa meM vihAra ke vaibhava evaM mahAtmya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 2. sudhAkalaza -- subhASitakoSa ke rUpa meM vikhyAta yaha grantha abhI upalabdha nahIM huA parantu nATyadarpaNa meM prApta uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai|1| 3. dodhaka paMcazatI -- purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha se jJAta hotA hai ki ajayapAla ne jaba rAmacandra ko prANadaNDa svarUpa agni meM baiThane kA Adeza diyA, taba unhoMne dodhakapaMcazatI kI racanA kii|28 grantha ke zIrSaka se spaSTa hai ki isameM dodhaka chanda meM pA~ca sau padya the| abhI taka yaha grantha upalabdha nahIM huaa| (gha) stotra -- rAmacandrasUri-viracita jo stotra upalabdha hue haiM, unakA vivaraNa nimnavat hai 1. apahanatidvAtriMzikA -- bhagavAna jina kI stuti se sambandhita isa stotra meM 32 padya haiM, isake sabhI padyoM meM vaMzastha chanda aura apahuti alaMkAra vidyamAna haiN| 2. arthAntaranyAsanaviMzikA -- isa stotra meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI stuti sambandhI 32 padya hai, jinameM vaMzastha chanda aura arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra kI chaTA draSTavya hai| 3. vyatirekadvAtriMzikA -- yaha stotra bhI pArzvanAtha kI stuti meM likhA gayA hai| isake sabhI battIsoM padyoM meM drutavilambita chanda aura vyatirekAlaMkAra vidyamAna haiN| 4. munisuvratadevastava -- isameM muni suvratadeva ke stutiparaka 24 padya haiM, jo ksantatilakA chanda meM Abaddha haiN| 5. zrInemistava -- isameM bhagavAn neminAtha kI stuti se sambandhita 24 padya hai| 6. jinastutivatriMzikA -- bhagavAn jina kI stuti se sambandhita isa stotra kA antima padya mandAkrAntA meM aura zeSa 31 padya ksantatilakA chanda meM haiN| 7. dRSTAntagarbhastutidvAtriMzikA -- yaha bhagavAn jina kI stuti meM dRSTAnta alaMkAra yukta 32 padyoM kA stotra hai| 8. zrIyugAdidevavAtriMzikA -- isameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI stuti se sambandhita 32 padya hai| 9. zAntivAtriMzikA -- zAntinAtha kI stuti se sambandhita aura vaMzastha kanda meM nibaddha isa stotra ke kevala 28 patha hI upalabdha hue hai| 19
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya 10. bhaktyAtizayavAtriMzikA -- pArzvanAtha kI stuti meM likhe gaye isa stotra ke sabhI battIsoM padyoM meM upajAti chanda kA prayoga huA hai| 11. prasAdadvAtriMzikA -- yaha stotra bhI pArzvanAtha kI stuti se sambandhita hai| isameM sabhI 32 padya mandAkrAntA chanda meM hai| 12-28. poDazikA sAdhAraNa jinastava -- rAmacandrasUri-viracita 17 stotroM meM solaha-solaha padya haiM, isalie unheM SoDazikA kahA jAtA hai| inameM se prathama stotra meM kaI chanda haiM, jabaki zeSa meM kevala anuSTup kA prayoga huA hai| sambhavataH kavi ne inakI racanA antima avasthA meM kI thI, kyoMki ina sabhI stotroM ke anta meM vahI eka zloka milatA hai, jisameM dRSTidAna kI prArthanA kI gayI hai| 29. jinastotra -- yaha bhagavAn jina kI upAsanA se sambandhita stotra hai| 30. Adidevastava -- isameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI stuti se sambandhita padya hai| uparyukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki rAmacandrasUri vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI the| unakI racanAoM meM utkRSTa koTi kI sAhityikatA ke sAtha-sAtha jyotiSa, sAmudrika, zakuna, svapna, nIti, kAmazAstra, tantra-mantra, nyAya, darzana, dharmazAstra, nATyazAstra, aura paurANika upAkhyAnoM se sambandhita aneka mahattvapUrNa tathya vidyamAna haiN| vastutaH kavitva aura pANDitya kA aisA anupama saMyoga anyatra durlabha hai| ataH isa mahAkavi kI kRtiyoM kA yathocita parizIlana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| 20
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________________ rAmacandrasUri aura unakA sAhitya sandarbha 1. A. vizvezvara, hindI nATyadarpaNa, bhUmikA, pR. 8 / pro. je.eca. dabe, kaumudImitrANanda, bhUmikA, pR. 6 / 2. nalavilAsa, pR. 1, raghuvilAsa, pR. 2, satyaharizcanda, pR. 2, prabandhakoza, pR. 98 3. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR. 49 4. raghukliAsa 1/2, nATyadarpaNa, avataraNikA, zloka 9 5. nATyadarpaNa, ava., zloka 2,4 6. raghuvilAsa, 1/3, kaumudI, pR. 1 7. prabhAvakacarita, 22/129-133 8. vahI, 22/129-37 9. upadezataraMgiNI, pR. 62 10. prabandhacintAmaNi, pR. 63 11. vahI, pR. 64 12. vahI, pR. 89/kumAra - nalavilAsa, prastAvanA, pR. 30-31 para uddhRta 13. kumArapAlacarita, dazama sarga 14. prabhAvakacarita, 22/137-39 15. prabandhacintAmaNi, pR. 64 16. hemacandrAcArya jIvana caritra (hindI), pR. 32 17. hisTrI Apha klAsikala saMskRta liTarecara, pR. 643-44 18. hemacandrAcArya kA ziSyamaNDala, pR. 13 19. prabandhacintAmaNi, pR. 97 20. prabandhakoza, pR. 98, kumArapAlacarita, 10/107-14, kumArapAlaprabandha (bhAvanagara), pR. 113 21. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR. 49 22. saMskRta kAvyazAstra kA itihAsa (hindI), pR. 521 23. di nATyadarpaNa Apha rAmacandra guNacandra :e kriTikala sTaDI pR. 219 24. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 574 25. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad hatihAsa, bhAga 6, pR.574, hemacandrAcArya kA ziSyamaNDala, pR. 5, raghuvilAsa, bhUmikA, pR. 6 26. draSTavya, nalavilAsa, prastAvanA, pR. 35 27. nalavilAsa 1/3, kaumudI. 1/3 28. nATyadarpaNa 1/5 kI vRtti 29. vahI, 3/28 kI vRtti 30. dazarUpaka (zrInivAsa ), bhUmikA, pR. 8 ,
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________________ 31. prabhAvakacarita, 22/135 32. jaina pustaka prazastisaMgraha, pR. 103, poliTikala hisTrI Apha nArdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja, pR. 112 33. nalavilAsa, prastAvanA, pR.27, dinATyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR.210 34. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR. 70 35. pra.ci. 97, nirbhayabhIma, pR. 1, mallikA., pR. 2 36. kaumudI., bhUmikA, pR.9 37. di nATyadarpaNa : e kriTikala sTaDI, pR. 219-220 38. nalavilAsa, 1/5 39. raghuvilAsa, 1/3 tathA Age 40. nA.da. 1/32, 1/33, 1/36, 1/43, 1/44, 1/45, 1/62, 1/63, 3/21 kI vRtti 41. vahI, 1/29, 1/44, 1/53, 1/58, 1/63, 1/65 kI vRtti 42. raghuvilAsa, pR. 1, satya., pR. 2, kaumudI., pR. 1 43. DaoN. musalagAMvakara AcArya hemacandra, pR. 40 44. DaoN. gulAbacandra caudharI, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR. 575 45. mallikA., pR. 2 46. nA.da., 1/43, 1/45 kI vRtti 47. vahI, 3/21 kI vRtti 48. raghuvilAsa, bhUmikA, pR. 9 49. draSTavya, lekhaka kA hI lekha - nATyadarpaNa meM maulika cintana, tulasIprajJA, khaNDa 19, aMka 4, pR. 291-305 50. nalavilAsa, prastAvanA, pR. 35 51. vahI, prastAvanA, pR. 35, nATyadarpaNa, 3/25 kI vRtti 52. purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha, pR. 49 53. jainastotrasaMgraha, sampAdaka muni caturavijayajI 22
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________________ prAkRta kI bRhatkathA "vasudevahiNDI" meM varNita kRSNa - DaoN. zrIraMjanasUrideva ! brAhmaNa evaM zramaNa donoM paramparAoM meM kRSNa-kathA ke citraNa ke prati samAna Agraha brAhmaNa - paramparA kA sampUrNa vaiSNava-sAhitya rAma aura kRSNa kI kathA kA hI paryAya- pratIka bana gayA hai, jo saundaryazAstrIya adhyayana kI dRSTi se apanA pAryantika mahattva rakhatA hai / kintu zramaNa-paramparA ke rAma aura kRSNa loka saMgrahI vyaktittva se uddIpta hai| vaiSNavoM kI taraha zramaNoM kI kRSNabhakti - paramparA meM zrI kRSNa kI kevala premamayI mUrti ko AdhAra banAkara prematattva ko savistAra vyaMjanA karane kI apekSA unake lokapakSa ko udbhAvita kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM ke kRSNa premonmatta gopikAoM kI bhujAoM se valayita gokula ke zrIkRSNa nahIM haiM, apitu bar3e-bar3e bhUpAloM aura sAmantoM ke bIca rahakara lokamaryAdA aura vidhi vyavasthA kI rakSA karane vAle, sAtha hI duSTa dalanakArI dvArakAvAsI kRSNa haiM / AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke zabda "loka - saMgraha kI bhAvanA se vimukha, apane raMga meM masta rahane vAle jIva, vaiSNava bhaktoM kRSNa ke rUpa ko lekara kAvyaracanA kI hai, vaha hAsa - vilAsa kI taraMgoM se pari saundarya kA samudra hai / " kintu isake viparIta sAmAjika sthiti ke prati satata satke zramaNa AcAryoM ne bhagavatprema kI puSTi ke lie kRSNa kI zrRMgAramayI lokottara cha Atmotsarga kI abhivyaMjanA se janatA ko rasonmatta karane kI apekSA, laukika sthUla yukta viSayavAsanApUrNa jIvoM para par3ane vAle unmAdakArI zrRMgAra ke pratikUla prabhAvoM para barAbara dhyAna rakhA hai| zramaNa paramparA ke kRSNa kI yauvanalIlA yA kAmalIlA mUlataH unake puruSArtha yA kalA-vaicakSaNya ko hI yotita karatI hai, jisameM unake mAnava-jIvana kI anekarUpatA pratibimbita hai, jo eka acche prabandhakAvya ke lie Avazyaka tattva mAnI jAtI hai| deza kI antarvAhinI mUla bhAvadhArA ke svarUpa ke ThIka-ThIka paricaya ke lie zramaNa paramparA ke kRSNacarita kA anuzIlana isalie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanA nijI maulika vaiziSTya rakhatA hai / "zrImadbhAgavatapurANa" ke anusAra, kRSNa svayaM bhagavAna haiM-- "kRSNastu bhagavAn svayam / " zramaNa- paramparA meM bhI jainAcAryoM dvArA kRSNa-viSayaka dhArmika loka-mAnyatAoM kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai, apitu unakA sammAna karate hue unheM vidhivat apanI paramparA meM yathAsthAna sammilita kiyA gayA hai aura unheM "arddhabharatAdhipati" mAnA gayA hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa tathA kRSNa aura baladeva ke prati janatA kA pUjyabhAva rahA hai aura unheM avatAra puruSa mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ne bhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha-sAtha kRSNa (navama vAsudeva) ko bhI tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM (karmabhUmi kI sabhyatA ke Adiyuga meM apane dharmopadeza tathA cAritra dvArA sat-asat mArgoM ke pradarzaka mahApuruSoM) meM AdaraNIya sthAna dekara apane purANoM ("harivaMzapurANa", "pANDavapurANa" (jaina mahAbhArata), "mahApurANa", triSaSTi- zalAkApuruSacarita " Adi) meM unake jIvana caritra kA savistAra varNana kiyA hai| ma 23
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________________ prAkRta kI bRhatkathA "vasudevahiNDI" meM varNita kRSNa zramaNa paramparA ke kRSNa jainoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke kula se sambaddha haiN| neminAtha mahAbhArata-kAla meM utpanna hue / AcArya saMghadAsa gaNI (IsA kI tRtIya - caturtha zatI) dvArA racita prAkRta ke "bRhatkathAkalpa", "vasudeva- hiNDI" ke anusAra, zauripura ke yAdavavaMzI rAjA andhakavRSNi ke jyeSTha putra hue samudravijaya, jo dasa dazAhoM meM prathama the / rAjA samudravijaya se neminAtha, dRr3hanemi prabhRti putra utpanna hue| vasudeva andhaka vRSNi ke sabase choTe putra (dasa dazAha meM antima ) the, jinase vAsudeva kRSNa paidA hue| isa prakAra neminAtha aura kRSNa Apasa meM cacere bhAI the| jaisA ki prasiddha hai, jarAsandha ke AtaMka se trasta hokara yAdava zoripura chor3akara dvArakA meM jA base the| prasaMgavaza jJAtavya hai ki " vasudevahiNDI" kI kRSNakathA ke AdhAra para hI devendrasUri (13vIM zatI) ne 1163 gAthAoM meM "kRSNacarita" grantha kI racanA kii| isameM vasudeva ke janma aura bhramaNa ke vRttAnta kI bhI AvRtti hai| 2 " vasudevahiNDI" ke tIna pramukha adhikAroM "pIThikA", "mukha" aura "pratimukha" meM kRSNa aura unake pUrvajoM - vaMzajoM kI kathA parigumphita hai / "vasudeva ne kisa prakAra paraloka meM phala prApta kiyA ? rAjA zreNika ke isa prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne unase kahA ki Apa pahale "pIThikA" suneM, kyoMki yaha vasudeva ke bahuta bar3e ( mahAna) itihAsa ke prAsAda kI pITha (AdhArabhUmi) haiM aura isI krama meM lagAtAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ne "mukha" aura "pratimukha" nAmaka nAtidIrgha adhikAroM dvArA kRSNakathA se sambaddha pakSoM ko bhI udbhAvita kara diyaa| usa samaya ke Anarta, kuzartha (kuzAvartta), surASTra aura zukarASTra (zukrarASTra ) -- ye cAroM janapada pazcima samudra se saMcita the| ina janapadoM kI alaMkAra-svarUpA dvAravatI kI gaNanA sarvazreSTha nagarI ke rUpa meM hotI thI / isa nagarI ke bAhara, "nandana" vana se parivRta raivata nAma kA parvata thA, jo nandanavana se ghire meru parvata ke samAna pratIta hotA thA / dvAravatI nagarI kA vaibhavapUrNa varNana karate hue saMghadAsagaNI ne likhA hai ki lavaNasamudra ke adhipati "susthita" nAmaka deva isa nagarI ke mArgadarzaka the| kubera kI buddhi se nagaroM kA nirmANa huA thaa| cAradIvArI sone kI banI huI thii| yaha nagarI nau yojana kSetra kI caur3AI meM phailI huI thii| isakI lambAI bAraha yojana thI / vahA~ ratnoM kI varSA hotI thI, isalie vo daridra nahIM thA / ratna kI kAnti se vahA~ nirantara prakAza phailA rahatA thA / cakrAkAra bhUmi meM upasthita vahA~ ke hajAroM-hajAra prAsAda deva-bhavana ke samAna suzobhita the| vahA~ ke nivAsI vinIta, atizaya jJAnI, madhurabhASI vA madhura nAmoM vAle, dAnazIla, dayAlu, sundara veza-bhUSA bane aura zIlavAn the / ( "vasudevaDI, mUla, bhAvanagara - saMskaraNa, pR. 77 ) isa prakAra kI dvAravatI nagarI meM dasa dharma kI taraha dasa dazArha (yAdava) rahate the| unake nAma the-- samudravijaya, akSebha, stimita, sAgara, himavAn, acala, dharaNa, pUraNa, abhicandra aura vasudeva / ina dazAhoM ke sammata rAjA ugrasena devoM ke bIca indra kI taraha virAjate the / prathama dazArha rAjA samudravijaya ke yayokta nemi, dRr3hanemi Adi putra the / ' zeSa dazAhoM ke putra uddhava Adi the| antima dazArha vasudeva ke akUra, sAraNaka, zubhadAraka Adi putra the, jinameM rAma 24
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________________ (balarAma) aura kRSNa pramukha the| "vasudevahiNDI" meM varNita kRSNakathA ke avalokana se kRSNa kI mAnasika UrjA aura zArIrika IryA kI atizayatA bilkula spaSTa ho jAtI hai| zArIrika dRSTi se bhI kRSNa kA vyaktitva bar3A hI divya aura virATa hai| ve aMgavidyA meM ullikhita sabhI zArIrika lakSaNoM se sampanna the| saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNa aura balarAma kI zArIrika saMracanA kA citraNa karate hue likhA hai-- donoM bhAiyoM meM balarAma kA zarIra nirjala (ujjvala) megha aura kRSNa kA zarIra sajala (zyAmala) megha kI chavi ko parAjita karane vAlA thA, unakI AMkheM sUrya kI kiraNoM ke saMsparza se khile hue kamaloM ke samAna thIM, unake mukha pUrNacandra kI bhA~ti manorama aura kAntimAna the, unake aMgoM kI visphUrjita sandhiyA~ sA~pa ke phana kI taraha pratIta hotI thIM, unakI bA~heM dhanuSa kI taraha lambI aura ratha ke jue kI bhA~ti sukumAra thIM, zrIvatsa ke lAMchana se AcchAdita unake vizAla vakSaHsthala zobhA ke AgAra the, unake zarIra kA madhya bhAga indrAyudha (vaja) ke samAna thA aura nAbhikoSa dkssinnaavrt| unakA kaTibhAga siMha ke samAna patalA aura majabUta thA, unake paira hAthI kI sa~Da ke samAna gola aura sthira the, unake ghuTane sampuTAkAra aura mA~sapezI se AvRta ye, hariNa kI jaisI jaMghAoM (ghuTane aura Takhane ke bIca kA bhAga) kI zirAe~ mA~salatA ke kAraNa, DhakI huI gUDha zirAoM vAlI thIM, unake caraNatala sama, sundara, mRdula, supratiSThita aura lAla-lAla nakhoM se vibhUSita the aura kAnoM ko sukha pahu~cAne vAlI unakI vANI kI gUMja sajala megha ke svara ke samAna gambhIra thii| isa prakAra, kRSNa aura balarAma kI zArIrika suSamA nitarAM niravadya thii| vastutaH kRSNa kAma aura dharma ke samanvita spa the| rasamadhura, kalArucira evaM saundaryoddIpta kRSNacarita ke pratipAdaka vaiSNava-sampradAya ke dhArmika granthoM meM "zrImadbhAgavata" agragaNya hai| isameM dArzanika vivecana aura dhArmika cintana, rUpakoM aura pratIkoM ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| parantu isameM dharma-darzana kI bauddhika cetanA ke utkarSa ke sAtha kavitva yA kAvya kA praudiprakarSa bhI hai| isIprakAra "ksudevahiNDI", "zrImadabhAgavata" kI bhA~ti varNakathA hote hue bhI kAvyatva kI garimA se otaprota hai| kintu isa mahatkathA ke racayitA AcArya saMghadAsagaNI bhAgavatakAra ke samAna kRSNa ke caritra kI udbhAvanA kI dRSTi se nitAnta rUr3hivAdI nahIM haiN| saMskRta-sAhitya ke dhArmika yuga meM bhAvoM aura caritroM yA AcAragata saMskAroM meM jahA~ atilaukikatA aura sadijanya paratantratA parilakSita hotI hai, vahA~ prAkRta-sAhitya kA dhArmika yuga adhikAMzataH laukika hai aura cAritrika udbhAvanA ke kSetra meM sarvathA sar3himukta aura sAtizaya svatantra bhI hai| bhAgavatakAra ke nanda zrIkRSNa kI zakti se vismita haiM aura yazodA unake alAMkika caritra se ckit| kintu "vasudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa itane adhika puruSArthI aura pratibhAzAlI mahAmAnava haiM ki varavatI jAne ke lie, samudra ne unheM rAstA diyA thA aura kubera ne unake lie daravatI nagarI kA nirmANa kiyA thA, sAtha hI ratna kI varSA bhI kI thI arthAt kRSNa kI mAnavI zakti ke samakSa daivI zakti natamastaka thii| "zrImadbhAgavata" kI taraha atiraMjita alaukika pAramezvarI zakti kI sarvoparitA ke siddhAnta se "vasudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa AkrAnta nahIM haiM, isalie patA 25
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________________ saMghadAsagaNI kRSNa kI mAnavI bhAvoM ke vikAsa ko adhika dUra taka vistRta aura vyApaka dikhAne meM saphala hue haiN| brAhmaNa-paramparA svabhAvataH brahmavAdI hai, isalie usameM mAnavIya puruSArtha kI apekSA IzvarIya zakti ke camatkAra yA bhAgyavAda ko adhika prazraya diyA gayA hai aura zramaNa paramparA svabhAvataH zrama ( puruSArtha)-vAdI hai, isalie vaha mAnavI zakti yA puruSArtha kI avadhAraNA ke prati adhika AsthAvAna hai| ataeva "vasudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa parAtpara parabrahma na hokara mAnavI jIvana aura samAja kI sarvasAdhAraNa mAnyatAoM ke anuyAyI haiN| phalataH jaina kRSNa ke prati hama alaukika AtaMka se grasta hone kI apekSA unake sAmAjika puruSArtha kI preraNA se sphUrta ho uThate haiN| "vasadevahiNDI" ke kRSNa meM divya aura mAnuSa bhAva kA adabhuta samanvaya huA hai| isalie vaha avatArI yA divyapuruSa na hote hue bhI asAdhAraNa karmazakti se sampanna uttama prakRti ke puruSa haiN| vaha alaga se Izvaratva kI prApti ke lie AgrahazIla nahIM haiM, apitu svataH unameM IzvarIya guNa vikasita haiN| vaiSNavasAdhanA ke kSetra meM kRSNa ke bhAva aura caritra donoM hI alaukika haiM, isalie vaiSNava-bhaktikAvyoM meM kRSNa mahAna nAyaka ke rUpa meM brahama haiM aura gopiyA~ unakI nAyikAoM ke rUpa meM jIvAtmAe~ haiN| kintu, zramaNa-paramparA kI mahArgha kathAkRti "vasudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa kevala mahAn nAyaka haiM aura apanI patniyoM aura putroM evaM vRddha kulakaroM aura mitra-rAjAoM ke prati barAbara dAkSiNya bhAva se kAma lete haiN| vaha hiMsA evaM yuddha ko bhI vyartha samajhate haiN| vaha pratirakSAtmaka AkramaNa tabhI karate haiM, jaba usake lie unheM vivaza honA par3atA hai| padmAvatI, lakSaNA, susImA, jAmbavatI aura rukmiNI ko patnI ke spa meM adhigata karate samaya vivazatAvaza hI unheM yuddha aura hatyA kA sahArA lenA par3A hai| apane putra zAmba kI dhRSTatA aura uddaNDatA para khIjha kara hI unhoMne use nirvAsana daNDa diyaa| itanA hI nahIM unakA yakSAdhiSThita Ayudharatna sudarzana cakra bhI zatru kA hI saMhAra karatA hai, kintu apane svAmI ke bandhuoM kA to vaha rakSaka hai-- " AuharayaNANaM esa dhammo -- "sata vivADeyaNvo, bandhU rakkhiyavvo sAmiNo tti|" (pR. 96 ) "vasudevahiNDI" meM kRSNacarita ke sAtha na to dhArmika alaukika bhAvanA kA sAmaMjasya ho sakA hai, na hI kRSNa ko sAdhAraNa nAyaka ke rUpa meM svIkArA jA sakA hai| aisI sthiti meM, "vasudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa puruSottama yuddhavIra dakSiNa nAyaka haiN| isa Adarza bhAvanA ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNa ke caritra meM rUpa-parivartana Adi alaukika zakti kI sambhAvanA ke sAtha hI unakI sAmantavAdI pravRtti ko svIkRti dI aura unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva meM loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA kA bhI viniyoga kiyaa| isa prakAra "vasuTepahiNDI" kA kRSNakathA-prasaMga prAyaH sabhI prakAra se aucitya kI sImA meM hI paribaddha hai| saMghadAsagaNI hRdaya se tIrthaMkaroM yA zalAkApuruSoM ke bhakta hote hue bhI vaicArika dRSTi se samakAlIna sAmAjika pravRtti aura pragati se pUrNa paricita hai| unakA kathAkAra bhakti bhAvanA ke Aveza meM kabhI nahIM aataa| isalie unhoMne kRSNa kI kathA ko rAdhA ke premAzu ke atirecana se sadAmukta rakhA hai| ve yathArthavAdI kathAkAra hai| ve na to bhakti aura jJAna ke tarkoM meM ulajhe haiM, na 26
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________________ hI unhoMne premagranthi ko sulajhAne meM apanI pratibhA kA vyaya karanA ucita samajhA hai| ve kabhI-kabhI raticatura kRSNa kI kAmakathA meM itane adhika tallIna ho gaye haiM ki usa sImA para unhoMne dhArmika bhAvanA ko bhI vismRta kara diyA hai / phalataH kRSNa ratikAlIna sAdhAraNa nAyaka ho gaye haiM aura unakI mAnuSI aura vidyAdharI patniyA~ sAdhAraNa naayikaaeN| isa sandarbha meM putra prApti ke lie kRSNa ke sAtha samAgama sukha ko cAhane vAlI satyabhAmA aura jAmbavatI kI ahamahamikA yA pratispardhA kA pUrA kA pUrA prasaMga kRSNa ke lIlA- vaicitrya kI dRSTi se paryApta rucikara hai| hAlAki "vasudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa lIlA puruSa nahIM haiM, apitu, vaha satyabhAmA, rukmiNI aura jAmbavatI ina pramukha tInoM patniyoM (zeSa padmAvatI Adi patniyAM gauNa haiM, ginatI ke lie haiM, kRSNa ke jIvana meM unakI koI bhI viziSTa bhUmikA nahIM hai) ke sapatnItva ko pArasparika IrSyA aura dveSa tathA upAlambhajanita krodha evaM eka-dUsare ko nIcA dikhAne kI aprItikara bhAvanAoM ko dvandvala sthiti ke sAtaya ko jhelate haiM, sAtha hI pradyumna ( rukmiNIprasUta), zAmba (jAmbavatI - prasUta) aura bhAnu (satyabhAmA - prasUta) ina tInoM putroM ke bIca pArasparika krIr3A - vinoda ke krama meM utpanna avAMchita kaTutA, uddaNDatA aura dhRSTatA kA gharSaNa bhI vaha svayaM uThAte haiN| sabase bar3I cintA kI bAta to unake lie yaha hai ki ye tInoM putra apanI mAtAoM ke hRdaya meM pratikSaNa prajjvalita sapatnItva kA pratizodha bhI paraspara eka-dUsare kI mAtAoM se lene meM nahIM hicakate / pradyumna aura zAmba to satyabhAmA aura usake putra bhAnu ke pIche hAtha dhokara par3e rahate haiM aura satyabhAmA ko Ubakara kRSNa se kahanA par3atA hai| ki "zAmba Apake dulAra ke kAraNa mere beTe ko jIne nahIM degA, isalie use manA kIjie / . maiM to apane beTe kA khilaunA ho gaI huuN| aba merA jInA vyartha hai / "yaha kahakara vaha apanI jIbha khIMcakara AtmahatyA ke lie uddhata ho jAtI hai aura taba zrI kRSNa use bar3I kaThinAI se rokate haiM aura use Azvasta karate haiM-- "kala maiM usa avinIta ko daNDa dU~gA, tuma vizvAsa kro|" 9 eka bAra to svayaM zrIkRSNa ne hI satyabhAmA ko burI taraha chakAyA / pratimA jaisI sundarI rukmiNI ko zrIdevI kI pratimA-pIThikA para mUrtivat nizcala khar3I karAkara use satyabhAmA se, dhokhe meM DAlakara, praNAma krvaayaa| kRSNa ke hI chala-chadma ke kAraNa, eka bAra zAmba ne apanI mAtA jAmbavatI ko chAcha becane vAlI sAmAnya gvAlina samajhakara riraMsAvaza usakA hAtha pakar3a liyaa| phalataH jAmbavatI aura zAmba burI taraha chke| eka bAra pradyumna ne to apane dAdA vasudeva kA rUpa badalakara apanI dAdiyoM ko chakyA yahA~ taka ki vaha kRSNa evaM rukmiNI ko bhI chakAne se bAja nahIM AyA hai| satyabhAmA dvArA preSita nAiyoM aura yAdavavRddhoM kI to usane durdazA hI kara dii| isa prakAra saMghadAsagaNI ne kRSNa ko unake apane parivAra ke bIca hI eka ajIba gorakhadhandhe meM ulajhA huA pradarzita kiyA hai| kahanA na hogA ki saMghadAsagaNI dvArA citrita kRSNacaritra loka jIvana kI manorejakatA aura rucivaicitraya kI dRSTi se anyatra durlabha hai| yaha kRSNa caritra kI daivI sabalatA aura mAnuSI durbalatA ke adbhuta sAmaMjasya kA anokhA udAharaNa prastuta karatA hai / -- 27
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________________ prAkRta kI bRhatkathA "vasudevahiNDI" meM varNita kRSNa "ksudevahiNDI" ke kRSNa na to arjunamohavinAzinI gItA ke vaktA zrIkRSNa haiM na hI pANDavoM ke sakhA tathA salAhakAra mahArAja kRSNa, jo DaoN. yAkobI ke zabdoM meM "apane udadezya kI siddhi ke lie cAhe jisa kisI upAya kA avalambana kara lete the|" isake atirikta, vaha "gopIvallabha" yA "gopa-gopIjanapriya" bhI nahIM haiM, jinakI bAlalIlA yA gopIkrIr3A ke varNanoM se "mahAbhArata" ke sAtha hI "viSNu-purANa", "zrImadbhAgavata", "harivaMza", padmapurANa", "brahmavaivartapurANa" evaM "brama, vAyu, agni, liMga aura devIbhAgavata purANa mukharita hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke kRSNa kA vyaktitva hI kucha dUsarA hai| kRSNa ke vyaktitva kI vibhinnatA ke sambandha meM DaoN. viNTaranitja ne spaSTa zabdoM meM likhA hai "pANDavoM ke sakhA aura salAhakAra bhagavadgItA ke siddhAnta ke pracAraka, bAlyakAla meM daityoM kA vadha karane vAle vIra, gopiyoM ke vallabha tathA bhagavAn viSNu ke avatAra zrI kRSNa eka hI vyakti the, isa bAta para vizvAsa honA bahata hI kaThita hai| saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI zrIkRSNa ke vaiSNava paramparA meM citrita vyaktitva kI vipulatA para vizvAsa na karake unheM eka svatantra lokavizvasanIya vyaktitva pradAna kiyA hai| kRSNa kI bAlalIlA kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, saMghadAsagaNI ne bhI apane grantha ke anta meM usakA AbhAsa-mAtra diyA hai| unhoMne kevala itanA hI likhA hai ki kRSNa ke vinAza ke lie kaMsa ne kRSNAyakSa ke atirikta, gadhe, ghor3e aura baila ko bhejaa| ve gokulavAsiyoM ko pIr3A pahu~cAne lage lekina, kRSNa ne unakA vinAza kara diyaa| hAlAki kRSNa ne aisA sAhasa aura zaurya taba dikhalAyA hai, jaba vaha prAyaH yuvA ho gaye haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki mahAbhArata yA vibhinna purANoM yA phira jainavAGmaya ke granthoM meM varNita zrIkRSNa-caritra meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se nyUnAdhika antara kahIM-kahIM bhale ho, parantu kathA kA mukhya viSaya sarvatra eka hI hai| saMghadAsagaNI ke kRSNacaritra para "mahAbhArata" ke kRSNacaritra kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa kA rAjanItijJa ke rUpa meM bahuta hI sammAnapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| vAstavika sthiti yaha thI ki kRSNa ke vaMza meM, yAdavoM meM bhinna-bhinna kula the, jinameM andhakavRSNi pradhAna the| andhakavRSNi kula meM gaNatAntrika zAsana-praNAlI pracalita thI, jisake pradhAna pada para rAjA ugrasena pratiSThita the| isa gaNasaMgha ke sadasya samaya-samaya para Apa meM lar3A karate the aura unake bIca sauhArda sthApita kara rAjya calAnA nizcaya hI gurutara kArya thaa| kRSNa ne apanI viSama rAjanItika sthiti kA varNana karate hue nArada se kahA hai-- "nAma to merA Izvara hai, kintu apane jAti bhAiyoM kI naukarI karatA huuN| bhoga to AdhA hI milatA hai, parantu gAliyA~ khUba milatI haiN| jaise-- Aga jalAne kI icchA se loga araNi ke kASTha kA manthana karate haiM, vaise hI ye sambandhI gAliyoM se merA hRdaya mathA karate haiN| mere jeThe bhAI larAma apane bala ke abhimAna meM cUra rahate hai| ...mere jyeSTha putra pradyumna ko spa ke mada kI bahozI rahatI hai| phalataH maiM ekadama asahAya huuN| mere bhakta Ahuka aura akrUra sadA lar3A karate haiN| inake mAre merI nAkoM meM dama hai| merI dazA juAr3I kI usa mAtA ke samAna hai, "jo cAhatI hai ki mere donoM juAr3I putroM meM eka to jIte, parantu dUsarA hAre bhI nhiiN|"12 kahane kA tAtparya hai ki kRSNa nirantara apane jAtiyoM ke paraspara kalaha ko sulajhAne meM hI For Private Personal Use Only .
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________________ DaoN. zrIraMjanasUrideva aharniza vyasta dikhAI par3ate haiM / saMghadAsagaNI ne isI AdhAra para kRSNa ke jIvana ke kevala praur3hakAla kA hI citra upasthita kiyA hai| phira bhI kRSNa ke uttama vyaktitva kA mahAna utkarSa yahI hai ki vaha jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM meM yazasvI tathA prabhAvazAlI siddha hue haiM / isalie kRSNakathA ke vikAsa aura vistAra kI paramparA meM "mahAbhArata" aura purANoM ke sAtha-sAtha "vasudevahiNDI" kA samAnAntara adhyayana nitAnta Avazyaka hai| jJAtavya hai ki "ksudevahiNDI" kI kRSNakathA kA vyApaka prabhAva paravartI jaina kRSNakathAoM para bhI vividha rUpoM meM par3A hai, jisakI vikAsa-sImA apabhraMzakavi puSpadanta ( 10vIM zatI) ke mahApurANa taka phailI huI dikhAI par3atI hai| pI. ena. sinhA kAlonI, bhikhanApahAr3I, paTanA-6. 29
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________________ prAkRta kI bRhatkayA "vasudevahiNDI" meM varNita kRSNa sandarbha "hindI-sAhitya kA itihAsa" (satrahavA~ punarmudraNa ), nAgarI-pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, pR. 112 vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya -- "bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna", DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, pR. 142 mUla sambandhI vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie draSTavya -- DaoN. zrIraMjana sUrideva kRta "vasudevahiNDI" kA mUla saha hindI anuvAda, pra. paM. rAmapratApa zAstrI ceriTebula TrasTa, byAvara (raajsthaan)| 4. uttama kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brhmcry| tulanIya : uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyayana 221 tesiM ca pahANA rAma-kaNhA nijjala-sajalajaladacchaviharA, divasayarakiraNasaMgamAvabuddhapuMDarIyanayaNA, gahavaisaMpuNNasammataravayaNacaMdA, bhayaMgabhogovamANasusita TThasaMghI, dIhaghaNurahajuggavAda, pasatthalakkhaNakiya-pallavasukumAlapANikamalA, siddhicchutthaiya-viulasiriNitvaya suresarAmudhataricyamajjhA, payAhiNAvattanAhikosA, madyapatthiva thimiya saMThiyakaThI, karikarasarisathira-vaTTatoru, sAmuggaNibhuggajANudesA, gaDhasira-hariNajaMghA samAhiya-sama-supaiTThiya-taNu-taMbanasvacalapA, tasalilajala dakhagahira-savaNasuharibhitavANI, pR. 77 samuddeNa kira se maggo diNNo, dhaNadeNa NatharI NimmiyA bAravatI, rathaNavarisaM ca buLaM, pR. 80 eSutvanekamahilAttamarAgo dakSiNaH kathitaH / -- sAhityadarpaNa, 3135 / suyaM ya saccabhAmAe, viNNavio kaNho roktIe-- "saMbo tujjhaccaeNa valabhavAeNa Na deha meM dArayassa jItiuM, nivArijjau jai tiiri|... ahaM puttabhaMDANa khellAvaNiyA saMkuttA, kiM bhe jIvieNaM ? "ti jIhaM pkddddhiyaa| kahiMci nivAriyA ya mANa ya kaNheNa-- "devi ! aviNIvastra lallaM kAhaM niggaha, vIsatthA bhavasu tti", pR. 106-107 10. vizeSa draSTavya-- "bhAratIya vAGmaya meM zrIrAdhA", paM. baladeva upAdhyAya, bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSada, paTanA, pR. 321 11. parikTai ve| tato kaMseNa viNAsakae kaNhaM AsaMkamANeNa ya kasiNayakyAM AdiTThA pattA nNdgovgoddotthe| visajjiyA khr-tury-bshaa| te ya jaNa miileNti| kaNheNa ya viNAsiyA, pR. 369-3701 12. draSTavya-- mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, a. 81, zloka 5-111 - 30
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________________ maDAhaDAgaccha kA itihAsa : eka adhyayana - zivaprasAda nirgantha paramparA ke zvetAmbara sampradAya ke antargata candrakula se udbhUta gacchoM meM bRhadgaccha kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha gaccha vikrama samvat kI 10vIM zatI meM udbhUta mAnA jAtA hai| udyotanasUri, sarvadevasUri Adi isa gaccha ke purAtana AcArya mAne jAte haiN| anyAnya gacchoM kI bhA~ti isa gaccha se bhI samaya-samaya para vibhinna kAraNoM se aneka zAkhAoM-prazAkhAoM kA janma huA aura choTe-choTe kaI gaccha astitva meM aaye| bRhadagaccha gurvAvalI [racanAkAla vi.saM. 1620] meM usakI anyAnya zAkhAoM ke sAtha maDAhaDAzAkhA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| yahI zAkhA Age calakara maDAhaDAgaccha ke rUpa meM prasiddha huii| prastuta nibandha meM isI gaccha ke itihAsa para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| / jaisA ki isake abhidhAna se spaSTa hotA hai maDAhar3A nAmaka sthAna se yaha gaccha astittva meM AyA hogaa| maDAhar3A kI pahacAna vartamAna maDAra nAmaka sthAna se kI jAtI hai jo rAjasthAna prAnta ke sirohI jile meM DIsA se caubIsa mIla dUra IzAnakoNa meM sthita hai| cakrezvarasUri isa gaccha ke Adima AcArya mAne jAte haiN| yaha gaccha kaba aura kisa kAraNa se astittva meM AyA, isa bAre meM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| anya gacchoM kI bhAMti isa gaccha se bhI kaI avAntara zAkhAoM kA janma huaa| vibhinna sAkSyoM se isa gaccha kI ratnapurIyazAkhA, jAkhar3iyAzAkhA, jAlorAzAkhA Adi kA patA calatA hai| maDAhaDagaccha se sambaddha sAhityika aura abhilekhIya donoM prakAra ke sAkSya upalabdha haiM, kintu abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kI tulanA meM sAhityika sAkSya saMkhyA kI dRSTi se svalpa haiM sAtha hI ve 16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke nahIM haiN| adhyayana kI suvidhA ke liye tathA prAcInatA kI dRSTi se pahale abhilekhIya sAkSyoM tatpazcAt sAhityika sAkSyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta hai| abhilekhIya sAkSya -- isa gaccha se sambaddha paryApta saMkhyA meM abhilekhIya sAkSya prApta hue haiM jo vi.saM. 1287 se lekara vi. saM. 1787 taka ke haiN| inakA vistRta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: For37vate & Personal Use only
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________________ kra. pratiSThAvarSa saM. 1. 2. 4. 1287 3. 1335 1335 6. 1351 5. 1358 1362 tithi mArgazIrSa sudi 6 somavAra mAgha sudi 13 zukravAra mitivihIna mitivihIna vaizAkha pratiSThApaka AcArya yA muni kA nAma cakrezvarasUri saMtA - nIya somaprabhasUri ke ziSya vardhamAnasUri " ratnAkarasUri ke paTTadhara somatilakasUri AnandaprabhasUri pAsadeksUri pratimAlekha parikara lekha cabUtare para utkIrNalekha AdinAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa lekha mahAvIra kI pratimA para utkIrNalekha AdinAtha kI kI pratimA para utkIrNalekha mahAvIra kI pratimA para utkIrNalekha pratiSThAsthAna maDAradevI kA mandira, maDAra neminAtha jinAlaya, kuMbhAriyA pallaviyApArzvanAtha jinAlaya, pAlanapura zItalanAtha jinAlaya udayapura candraprabha jinA. jaisalamera anupUrtilekha, AbU sandarbha-grantha munijayaMtavijaya, saMpA. arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAMka 66 munivizAlavijaya, saMpA. ArAsaNAtIrtha, lekhAMka 30 munijinavijaya, saMpA. prAcIna jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 550 pUranacandanAhara, saMpA. jainalekhasaMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1046 vahI, bhAga 3, lekhAMka 2242 munijayantavijaya, saMpA. arbudaprAcIna jainalekhasaMdoha, lekhAMka 539
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________________ | 7.1 1366 mitivihIna AnandaprabhasUri ___8. | 1367 vaizAkhasudi 9 candrasiMhasUri ke ziSya ravikarasUri | ANaMdaprabhasUri | AdinAtha | kI dhAtupratimA | para utkIrNa lekha cintAmaNijI kA | agaracandanAhaTA, saMpA. mandira, bIkAnera | bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 235 bhIlaDiyAtIrtha caitya, | daulatasiMha loDhA, saMpA. tharAda zrIpratimAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 334 cintAmaNijI kA nAhaTA, pUrvokta, mandira, bIkAnera lekhAMka 237 vahI, lekhAMka 249 1367 | ASADhasudi 3 ravivAra mitivihIna 10. 1371 | 1371 | AnandasUri ke - paTTadhara hemaprabhasUri yazodevasUri ke paTTadhara zAMtisUri zAMtisUri | mahAvIra kI pratimA kA lekha anupUrtilekha, AbU 12. 1373 arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha AbU, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 543 arbudAcalapradakSiNAjainalekhasaMdoha AbU, bhAga 5, lekhAMka 71 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 281 - 13.| 1379 maDAradevI kA mandira, maDAra cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera / lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA para utkIrNa lekha -
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________________ 14.] 1381 hemasUri | vaizAkha vadi 8 guruvAra AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha anUpUrtilekha, AbU | munijayantavijaya, saMpA. AbU, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 551 15./ 1386 sarvadevasUri cintAmaNijI kA | nAhaTA, pUrvokta, mandira, bIkAnera | lekhAMka 316 paMcAsarApArzvanAtha | munijinavijaya, jinAlaya, pATaNa | pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 508 16.] 1387 | lekha 17.] 1387 cintAmaNijI kA maMdira, nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 321 bIkAnera cakrezvarasUrisaMtAnIya yazodevasUri padmacandra ke ziSya | kI pratimA jayacanda ke ziSya | para utkIrNa yazodeva ke ziSya zAMtisUri hemaprabhasUri | zAMtinAtha ke paTTadhara kI pratimA sarvadevasUri kA lekha phAlguna sudi 8 | ratnasAgarasUri zAMtinAtha somavAra kI pratimA kA lekha dharmadevasUri pArzvanAtha ke paTTadhara kI pratimA kA lekha 18./ 1389 anupUrtilekha, AbU munijayantavijaya, AbU, saMpA. | bhAga 2, lekhAMka 558 | 19.] 1389 vahI, lekhAMka 559 devasUri
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________________ 20. 21. 23. 22. 1392 24. 1389 25. 1393 1404 1411 1413 26. 1415 jyeSTha vadi 11 zukravAra vaizAkhavadi 1 zanivAra jyeSTha 12 zanivAra jyeSTha vadi 13 ravivAra ratnAkarasUri ke paTTadhara somatilakasUri somatilakasUri sarvadeksUri muniprabhasUri mANikyasUri ke paTTadhara mAnadevasUri pAsadevasUri mAnadeksUri zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha dharmanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha mahAvIra kI pratimA kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha aranAtha jinAlaya, jIrAravADo, khaMbhAta cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera " 17 cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera muni buddhisAgara, saMpA. jainadhAtupratimAlekhasaMgraha bhAga 2, lekhAMka 768 "" nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 356 vahI, lekhAMka 348 sumatinAtha mukhyabAvanA buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, jinAlaya, mAtara vahI, lekhAMka 404 2, bhAga 2. lekhAMka 460 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 431 vahI, lekhAMka 434
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________________ 27. 28. 1423 29. 31. 1420 30. 1436 32. 33. 1435 1437 1440 1441 vaizAkha sudi 10 budhavAra phAlguna sudi 9 mAgha vadi 12 vaizAkha vadi 11 somavAra pauSa sudi 12 phAlguna vadi 2 ravivAra pUrNacandrasUri udaprabhasUra udayaprabhasUri vijayasiMhasUri somacandrasUri " muniprabhasUri pArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI paMcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha anupUrtilekha, AbU cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera munijayantavijaya, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 575 sumatinAtha mukhya bAbana muni buddhisAgara, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 463 jinAlaya, mAtara cintAmaNijI kA mandira, AbU nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 462 anupUrtilekha, AbU munijayantavijaya, cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 595 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 529 anupUrtilekha, AbU munijayantavijaya, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 536 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 544
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________________ zAkha sadi 3 somavAra pUrNacandrasUri ke paTTadhara haribhadrasUri somaprabhasUri anupUrtilekha, AbU | munijayantavijaya, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 599 cintAmaNijI kA | nAhaTA, pUrvokta, mandira, bIkAnera | lekhAMka 549 36./ 1446 | vaizAkha vadi 3 somavAra muniprabhasUri saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha anupUrtilekha, AbU | munijayantavijaya, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 602 37.| 1454 | caitra vadi 15 - cintAmaNijI kA | nAhaTA, pUrvokta, mandira, bIkAnera lekhAMka 588 38. 1454 ASAr3ha sudi 5 guruvAra muniprabhasUri / vimalanAtha kI pratimA vahI, lekhAMka 2346 ASAr3ha sudi 5 | vahI, lekhAMka 580 guruvAra kA lekha zAMtinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha | padmaprabha kI pratimA cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera caitra sudi 15 somavAra | somacandrasUri vahI, lekhAMka 589
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________________ 41.| 1461 | jyeSTha sudi 10 zukravAra muniprabhasUri / 42.1 1462 | vaizAkha sudi 5 zukravAra | haribhadrasUri 43.| 1473 | vaizAkha sudi1 | muniprabhasUri / 44. 1480 phAlguna sudi 10 kA lekha | saMbhavanAtha vahI, lekhAMka 2497 kI pratimA kA lekha | AdinAtha | varicaityAntargata- loDhA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 103 kI dhAtu kI / vAsupUjyacaitya, pratimA kA lekha / tharAda | abhinandananAtha pArzvanAthajinAlaya, | vinayasAgara, saMpA. kI paMcatIrthI bUMdI pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 210 pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI / cintAmaNijI kA | nAhaTA, pUrvokta, pratimA kA lekha | mandira, bIkAnera | lekhAMka 700 candraprabha zItalanAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, kI dhAtu kI / udayapura / lekhAMka 126 paMcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha abhinandanasvAmI | pArzvanAtha jinAlaya, nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 2, kI dhAtu pratimA | haidarAbAda | lekhAMka 2049 kA lekha | AdinAtha cintAmaNijI kA | nAhaTA, pUrvokta, kI pratimA mandira, bIkAnera | lekhAMka 515 budhavAra 45.| 1481 vaizAkha sudi 3 zanivAra | udayaprabhasUri 46. 1481 47.| 1482 | mAgha sudi 5 somavAra jJAnacandrasUri
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________________ 48. 1482 49. 50. 1482 51. 1492 52. 1492 53. 1482 1495 54. 1497 55. 14- mAgha sudi 5 somavAra mAgha sudi 5 somavAra vaizAkha sudi 2 budhavAra mArgazIrSa vadi 4 guruvAra jyeSTha sudi 14 budhavAra jyeSTha sudi 2 somavAra " "" muniprabhasUra matiprabhasUri muniprabhasUra muniprabhasUra kA lekha vimalanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha 14 " dharmanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha saMbhavanAtha kI paMcatIrthI pratimA kA dharmanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha mahAvIrasvAmI kI pratimA kA lekha 11 "1 W dharmanAtha jinAlaya, rAdhanapura cintAmaNijI kA mandira, bIkAnera vahI, lekhAMka 516 vahI, lekhAMka 517 vahI, lekhAMka 519 "1 'vahI, lekhAMka 758 vahI, lekhAMka 1515 munivizAlavijaya, saMpA. rAdhanapurapratimAlekhasaMgraha, lekhAMka 125 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 1894 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 817
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________________ | 56.1 1501 / vaizAkha sudi 3 zanivAra | guNasAgarasUri 57.| 1504 | phAlguna sudi 8 | vIrabhadrasUri guruvAra ke paTTadhara nayacandrasUri | phAlguna vadi somavAra | 58.] 1505 59. 1507 - nayakIrtisUri | mAgha sudi 5 ravivAra | suvidhinAtha | vahI, lekhAMka 840 kI pratimA kA lekha zreyAMsanAtha vahI, lekhAMka 886 kI pratimA kA lekha munisuvrata vahI, lekhAMka 896 kI pratimA kA lekha vimalanAtha nAhara, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, kI pratimA jUnAver3A, mAravAr3a | lekhAMka 922 kA lekha | suvidhinAtha saMbhavanAthajinAlaya, | nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 2217 kI caubIsI dezanoMka, | pratimA kA lekha | bIkAnera cintAmaNijI kA vahI, lekhAMka 930 mandira, bIkAnera pArzvanAtha ajitanAthajinAlaya,| agaracandanAhaTA - "maDAhaDAgaccha kI | paMcatIrthI | kAlakAcAryakathA kI prazasti" - 60. 1508 caitra sudi 8 budhavAra hIrANaMdasUri ke paTTadhara guNasAgarasUri nayaNacandrasUri 1509 | ASAr3ha vadi 9 guruvAra 62.] 1520. | ASAr3ha sudi 2 guruvAra | haribhadrasari | ke ziSya sirohI
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________________ kamalaprabhasUri | vijayacandrasUri 63.| 1525 | mAgha vadi 6 jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 20, aMka 2, pR. 48 sumatinAtha jinAlaya, vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, jayapura lekhAMka 672 64.1 1527 | vaizAkha sudi 3 somavAra | nayacandrasUri zItalanAtha kI paMcatIrthI pratimA kA lekha zItalanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha kuMthunAtha | kI pratimA | kA lekha AdinAthajinAlaya, nAhara, pUrvokta, nAgaura bhAga 2, lekhAMka 1276 65.1 1532 ravivAra nAhaTA, pUrvokta lekhAMka 1073 cakrezvarasari ke saMtAnIya kamalaprabhasari ke ziSya...? varibhadrasUri ke ziSya nayacandrasUri / 66.1 1535 | mAgha vadi 5 maMgalavAra 67.| 1535 / | naminAtha candraprabhajinAlaya, | vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, kI paMcatIrthI keMkar3I | lekhAMka 788 pratimA kA lekha zAMtinAtha pArzvanAthajinAlaya, | vahI, lekhAMka 789 kI paMcatIrthI sAMthA pratimA kA lekha saMbhavanAtha seTha thIszAha kA | nAhara, pUrvokta, kI pratimA kA lekha derAsara, jaisalamera bhAga 3. lekhAMka 2456 padmaprabha padmaprabhajinAlaya, | vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, kI paMcatIrthI / ghATa, jayapura / lekhAMka 831 68. 1542 phAlguna vadi 2 zanivAra 69. 1542
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________________ 70. 1545 71. 1559 72. 1583 72A. 1592 73. 1594 74. 1620 75. 1728 76. 1771 jyeSTha vadi 11 ravivAra pauSa vadi 4 guruvAra jyeSTha sudi 9 zukravAra ASAr3ha vadi vaizAkha sudi 7 vyavAra Azvina vadi 4 somavAra vaizAkha sudi 11 vaizAkha sudi 3 " matisundarasUri guNakIrtisUri dayAharasUri nANacandrasUri (jJAnacandrasUri ) bhaTTAraka zrI mANikya... pratimA kA lekha saMbhavanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha vAsupUjya kI dhAtu kI pratimA kA lekha zreyAMsanAtha kI pratimA kA lekha AdinAtha kI pratimA kA lekha maDAradevI ke mandira meM utkIrNa jainamandira, cailapurI, dillI AdinAtha jinAlaya, hIrAbAr3I, nAgaura vimalavasahI, AbU lUNaksati, AbU mahAradevI kA nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 1110 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 496 vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 972 nAhaTA, pUrvokta, lekhAMka 2483 vahI, lekhAMka 1145 munijayantavijaya, pUrvokta bhAga 2, lekhAMka 64 vahI, bhAga 2, lekhAMka 294 vahI, bhAga 5, lekhAMka 101 mandira, maDAra
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________________ 77. 1787 mAgha sudi 5 eka caraNacinha | para utkIrNa lekha bhaTTAraka cakrezvarasari mahAradevI ke / " vahI, bhAga 5, lekhAMka 104 evaM mandira meM bhaTTAraka devacandrasUri utkIrNalekha | cakrezvarasUri dhAtupratimAlekha | dharmanAthajinAlaya, | vahI, bhAga 5, lekhAMka 103 maDAra 1===!--- - | 78./ 1787 | mAgha sudi5 ravivAra
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________________ zivaprasAda ukta abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para isa gaccha ke vibhinna munijanoM ke nAmoM kA patA calatA hai, kintu usake AdhAra para unake guru-ziSya paramparA kI koI vistRta tAlikA kI saMracanA kara pAnA to sambhava nahIM hai| phira bhI kucha munijanoM kI guru-paramparA kI choTI-choTI gurvAvaliyoM kI saMracanA kI jA sakatI hai, jo isa prakAra hai wwxxde cakrezvarasUri 1 1 padmacandrasUri I jayacandrasUri I yazodevasUri zAMtisUri [vi. saM. 1370-87 pratimAlekha] ? cakrezvarasUri 1 jayasiMhasUra 1 somaprabhasUra I vardhamAnasUri vi.saM. 1335 pratimAlekha ] mAnadevasUri 1 somacandrasUri [ vi.saM. 1437-59 pratimAlekha 1 I jJAnacandrasUri [ vi.saM. 1493 pratimAlekha ] sAhityika sAkSya maDAhaDagaccha se sambaddha prathama sAhityika sAkSya hai kAlikAcAryakathA kI 9 zlokoM kI dAtAprazasti' / yaha prati zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ke saMgraha meM saMrakSita hai| isa prazasti ke prathama 6 zlokoM meM sitarohIpura (vartamAna sirohI, rAjasthAna ) nivAsI zrAvaka tihuNA - mahuNA ke pUrvajoM kA ullekha hai / antima tIna zlokoM meM ukta zrAvaka dvArA lakSabhUpati [ rANAlAkhA aparanAma rANAlakSasiMha vi.saM. 1461-1476 / IsvI san 1405-14201 ke zAsanakAla meM mAgacchIya AcArya kamalaprabhasUri ke ziSya vAcanAcArya guNakIrti ko kalpasUtra ke sAtha ukta s For vate & Personal Use Only
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________________ zivaprasAda grantha kI eka prati bheTa meM dene kA ullekha hai| maDAhaGagacchIya abhilekhIya sAkSyoM kI pUrva pradarzita sUcI lekha kramAMka 62, vi.saM. 1520] meM haribhadrasUri ke ziSya kamalaprabhasUri kA nAma A cukA hai| yadyapi eka muni yA AcArya kA nAyakattvakAla sAmAnya spa se 30-35 varSa mAnA jAtA hai, kintu koI-koI muni aura AcArya dIrghajIvI bhI hote haiM, isI kAraNa svAbhAvika rUpa se unakA nAyakattvakAla sAmAnya se kucha adhika arthAt 40-45 varSa kA hotA rhaa| ataH vi.saM. kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa meM bhI inhIM kamalaprabhasUri kA vidyamAna honA asaMbhava nahIM lgtaa| isalie ukta pratimAlekha [vi.saM. 15201 meM ullikhita dhanaprabhasUri ke guru kamalaprabhasUri uparokta kAlikAcAryakathA ke pratilekhana kI dAtAprazasti lekhanakAla vi.saM. 1461-14761 meM ullikhita kamalaprabhasUri se abhinna mAne jA sakate haiN| zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne apanI sirohI yAtrA ke samaya vahA~ sthita maDAhaDagacchIya upAzraya meM rahane vAle eka mahAtmA-gRhastha kulaguru se jJAta isa gaccha ke munijanoM kI eka nAmAvalI prakAzita kI haiM, jo isa prakAra hai : 1. cakrezvarasUri 16. udayasAgarasUri 2. jinadattasUri 17. devasAgarasUri 3. devacandrasUri 18. lAlasAgarasUri 4. guNacandrasUri 19. kamalasAgarasUri 5. dharmadevasUri 20. haribhadrasUri 6. jayadevasUri 21. vAgasAgarasUri 7. pUrNacandrasUri 22. kezarasAgarasUri 8. haribhadrasUri 23. bhaTTArakagopAlajI 9. kamalaprabhasUri 24. yazakaraNajI 10. guNakIrtisUri 25. lAlajI 11. dayAnandasUri 26. hukamacanda 12. bhAvacandrasUri 27. indracanda 13. karmasAgarasUri 28. phUlacanda 14. jJAnasAgarasUri 29. ratanacanda 15. saubhAgyasAgarasUri 30. .... zrI nAhaTA dvarA prastuta ukta nAmAvalI meM gaccha ke pravartaka yA Adima AcArya ke rUpa meM cakrezvarasUri kA ullekha hai| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se bhI yahI saMketa milatA hai kyoMki kucha pratimAlekhoM meM pratimApratiSThApaka AcArya ko cakrezvarasUri saMtAnIya kahA gayA hai| nAmAvalI meM ullikhita dvitIya paTTadhara jinadattasUri, tRtIya paTTadhara devacandra aura caturtha paTTadhara guNacandra 45
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________________ maDAhaDAgaccha kA itihAsa : eka adhyayana ke bAre meM kinhIM anya sAkSyoM se koI sUcanA nahIM miltii| paMcama paTTadhara dharmadevasUri se lekara aSTama paTTadhara haribhadrasUri taka ke nAma abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM bhI mila jAte hai tathA nave paTTadhara kamalaprabhasUri kA sAhityika aura abhilekhIya donoM sAkSyoM meM ullekha milatA hai| ukta nAmAvalI ke anya munijanoM ke bAre meM (jJAnasAgara ko chor3akara) kinhIM anya sAkSyoM se koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| (jaya) devasUri, pUrNacandrasUri aura haribhadrasUri kA nAma abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM bhI milatA hai parantu unake bIca guru-ziSya sambandhoM kA jJAna ukta nAmAvalI se hI ho pAtA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa mAnI jA sakatI hai| cakrezvarasUri dharmadevasUri (jaya devasari pUrNacandrasUri haribhadrasUri kamalaprabhasari / vi.saM. 1520 meM sirohI ke ajitanAtha jinAlaya meM pratimA pratiSThApaka] guNakIrtisUri dhanakIrtisUri / vi.saM. 1520 ke pratimAlekha meM kAlikAcAryakathA kI prazasti pratimApratiSTha paka [vi.saM. 1461-76 meM ullikhita] kamalaprabhasUri ke sAtha ullikhita ] liMbahI ke hastalikhita jaina grantha bhaNDAra meM vi.saM. 1517 meM likhI gayI kalpasatrastavaka aura kAlikAcAryakathA' kI eka-eka prati upalabdha hai jise granthabhaNDAra kI prakAzita sUcI meM maDADagacchIya rAmacandrasUri kI kRti batalAyA gayA hai| cUMki ukta granthabhaNDAra meM saMrakSita hastalikhita granyoM kI prazastiyA~ abhI aprakAzita hai, ataH granthakAra kI guru-paramparA, grantha ke racanAkAla Adi ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI nahIM mila paatii| isI gaccha meM vikrama samvata kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke tatIyacaraNa meM padamasAgarasari10 nAmaka eka vidvAn muni ho cuke haiM, jinake dvarA racita kayavannAcaupAi, sthUlabhadraaThAvIsA 46
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________________ zivaprasAda Adi kucha kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| ye maru-gUrjara bhASA meM racita hai| kayavannAcaupAI kI prazasti meM racanAkAra ne apane guru tathA racanAkAla Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai -- Adi: sarasa vacana Ape sadA, sarasati kaviyaNa mAi, paNamaNi kavainnA gharI, paNisu suguru psaai| mammADahagacche guNanilo zrImunisundarasari, padnasAgarasUri sIsa tsu pabhaNe aannNdsuuri| anta: dAna upara kaivanna copaI, saMvara panara krisaThe thaI, bhAdra vadi aThamI tithi jANa, sahasa kiraNa dina ANaMda aanni| padmasAgarasUri ima bhaNaMta, guNe tihiM kAja saraMti, te savi pAme vaMchita siddhi, ghara nIroga ghare avicala riddhi| yadyapi ukta granthakAra aura unake guru kA anyatra koI ullekha nahIM milatA aura yaha racanA bhI sAmAnya koTi kI hai phira bhI maDADagaccha se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa isa gaccha ke itihAsa ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se ise mahattvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| vikrama samvata kI satrahavIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya-tRtIya caraNa meM isa gaccha meM sAraMga nAmaka eka vidvAn hue haiN| jinake dvarA racita kavivilhaNapaMcAzikAcaupAI haracanAkAla vi.saM. 1639 1, muMjabhojaprabandha racanAkAla vi.saM. 16511, kisanarukmiNIveli para saMskRtaTIkA [racanAkAla vi.saM. 16781 Adi kRtiyA~ prApta hotI hai| inake guru kA nAma padmasundara aura praguru kA nAma jJAnasAgara thA, jo samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para pUrvapradarzita maDAhaDagaccha ke munijanoM kI nAmAvalI meM ullikhita 17veM paTTadhara jJAnasAgarasUri se abhinna mAne jA sakate haiN| maDADagaccha se sambaddha aba taka upalabdha yaha antima sAhityika sAkSya kahA jA sakatA hai| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se isa gaccha kI ratnapurIyazAkhA aura jAkhaDiyAzAkhA kA astittva jJAta hotA hai| inakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai-- ratnapurIyazAkhA jaisA ki isake nAma se hI spaSTa hotA hai, ratnapura nAmaka sthAna se yaha astittva meM AyI pratIta hotI hai| isa gaccha se sambaddha 14 pratimAlekha prApta hue haiM jo vi.saM. 1350 se vi.saM. 1557 taka ke haiN| ina lekhoM meM dharmaghoSasUri, somadevasUri, dhanacandrasUri, dharmacandrasUri, kamalacandrasUri Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| inakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai : dharmaghoSasUri ke paTTadhara somadevasUri ___ inake dvarA vi.saM. 1350 meM pratiSThApita pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu kI eka pratimA prApta huI hai| muni vidyAvijayajI ne isakI vAcanA kI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : For yate & Personal Use Only
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________________ saM. 1350 varSe mAha vadi 9 some... kAnena bhrAturA..... nimittaM zrIpArzvanAthavi baM kA. pra. maDDAhaDagacche ratnapurIya zrI dharmaghoSasUripaTTe zrIsomadevasUribhiH / / vartamAna meM yaha pratimA AdinAtha jinAlaya, pUnA meM hai / somadevasUri ke paTTadhara dhanacandrasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita pArzvanAtha kI dhAtu kI eka paMcatIrthI pratimA prApta huI hai| isa para vi. saM. 1463 kA lekha utkIrNa hai / zrI pUranacandranAhara 14 ne isakI vAcanA dI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : saM. 1463 varSe ASADha sudi 10 budhe prA. jJA. vya. hemA. bhA. hIrAde pu. ajAkena zreyase zrIpArzvanAthabiMbaM kAritaM pratiSThitaM maDAhaDagacche zrI somadevasUripaTTe zrIdhanacandrasUribhiH / maDAhaDAgaccha kA itihAsa : eka adhyayana dhanacandrasUri ke paTTadhara dharmacandrasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita 6 pratimAyeM milatI haiN| inakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai : vi. saM. 1480 vi.saM. 1485 vi.saM. 1493 vi. saM. 1501 vi.saM. 1507 vi.saM. 1510 vi.saM. 1534 vi.saM. 1535 vi.saM. 1541 vi.saM. 1545 lekhAMka 124 lekhAMka 253 pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 768 lekhAMka 339 pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha mAgha sudi 2, budhavAra jyeSTha sudi 10, ravivAra phAlguna vadi 3, budhavAra bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 920 mArga. ? sudi 10, ravivAra prAcInalekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 256 phAlguna sudi 10, budhavAra prAcInalekhasaMgraha vaizAkha sudi 3 dharmacandrasUri ke paTTadhara kamalacandrasUri inake dvArA pratiSThApita 4 pratimAyeM upalabdha huI haiN| inakA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra hai : jyeSTha sudi 10, somavAra bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 1081 lekhAMka 1091 ASAr3ha sudi 5, guruvAra ASAr3ha sudi 3, zanivAra lekhAMka 1390 lekhAMka 2413 mAgha sudi 3, guruvAra vahI vahI vahI vi.saM. 1557 ke eka pratimAlekha meM isa zAkhA ke guNacandrasUri evaM upAdhyAya AnandasUri kA ullekha milatA hai| 15 ratnapurIyazAkhA kA ullekha karane vAlA yaha antima sAkSya hai| ratnapurIyazAkhA ke ukta pratimAlekhoM meM prathama [ vi.saM. 13501 aura dvitIya [vi.saM. 1463] lekha meM somadeksUri kA ullekha milatA hai| prathama lekha meM ve pratimApratiSThApaka hai tathA dvitIya lekha meM pratimApratiSThApaka AcArya ke guru / kintu donoM somadevasUri ke bIca prAyaH 100 se adhika varSoM kA antarAla hai / ataH isa AdhAra para donoM alaga-alaga vyakti siddha hote haiM / yahA~ yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki ina sau varSoM meM [ vi. saM. 1350 se vi. saM. 1463] isa zAkhA se sambaddha koI bhI pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai| ataH yaha sambhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki donoM somadeva eka hI vyakti haiM aura lekha ke vAcanAkAra kI bhUla se vi. saM. 1450 kI 48
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________________ zivaprasAda jagaha vi.saM. 1350 likha diyA gyaa| isa saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra kara lene para ratnapurIyazAkhA kI vi.saM. 1450 se vi.saM. 1557 kI kI eka avicchinna paramparA jJAta ho jAtI hai : dharmaghoSasUri vi.saM. 13( 4 )501 somadevasUri / vi.saM. 13( 4 )50] eka pratimAlekha dhanacandrasUri / vi.saM. 1463] eka pratimAlekha dharmacandrasUri [vi.saM. 1480-15101 chaha pratimAlekha kamalacandrasUri / vi.saM. 1534-15453 cAra pratimAlekha isa zAkhA ke pravartaka kauna the, yaha zAkhA kaba astittva meM AyI, isa bAre meM pramANoM ke abhAva meM kucha bhI kaha pAnA kaThina hai| abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para vi.saM. kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke madhya se vi.saM. kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka isa zAkhA kA astittva siddha hotA jAkhar3iyAzAkhA maDAhaDagaccha kI isa zAkhA kA ullekha karane vAle 5 pratimAlekha prApta hote haiN| inameM kamalacandrasUri, Anandameru tathA guNacandrasUri kA nAma milatA hai| inakA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai: kamalacandrasUri vi.saM. 1535 mAgha vadi 6,maMgalavAra arbudaprAcInajainalekhasaMdoha lekhAMka 655 vi.saM. 1547 jyeSTha sudi 2, maMgalavAra bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 1112 vi.saM. 1557 vaizAkha sudi 11, guruvAra pratiSThAlekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 891 vi.saM. 1560 vaizAkha sudi 3, budhavAra bIkAnerajainalekhasaMgraha lekhAMka 2751 vi.saM. 1575 phAlguna vadi 4, guruvAra vahI lekhAMka 1630 vi.saM. 1575 ke lekha meM maDADagaccha kI zAkhA ke rUpa meM nahIM apitu svatantra spa se jAkhar3iyAgaccha ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha milatA hai| isa zAkhA ke bhI pravartaka kauna the tathA yaha kaba aura kisa kAraNa se astittva meM AyI, isa bAre meM Aja koI bhI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| *risarca esosieTa, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura purAtattva vibhAva, kA.hi.vi.vi., vArANasI-5. 40
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________________ sandarbha 1. bRhadgacchIya vAdidevasUri ke ziSya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA racita upadezamAlAprakaraNavRtti [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1238 / IsvI san 1182] kI prazasti. Muni Punya Vijaya - Catalogue of Palm-Leaf Mss in the Shanti Nath Jain Bhandar, Cambay G.O.S. No. 149, Baroda, 1966 A. D., pp. 284-286. 6. asiesires kA itihAsa : eka adhyayana tapAgacchIya munisundarasUri dvArA racita gurvAvali [ racanAkAla vi.saM. 1466 / IsvI san 14091. tapAgacchIya hIravijayasUri ke ziSya dharmasAgara dvArA racita tapAgacchapaTTAvalI [ racanAkAla vi. saM. 1648/ IsvI san 15921. isa sambandha meM vistAra ke liye draSTavya paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA abhinandana grantha (vArANasI 1992) meM pRSTha 105-117 para prakAzita "bRhadgaccha kA saMkSipta itihAsa" nAmaka lekha. 2. munijinavijaya, saMpA. vividhagacchIyapaTTAvalIsaMgraha, siMghI jaina grantha mAlA, granthAMka 53, bambaI 1961 IsvI, pR. 52-55. 3. munijayantavijaya arbudAcalapradakSiNA, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara vi. saM. ---- 2004, q. 67-77. agaracandanAhaTA "maDAhaDAgaccha" jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 21, aMka 3, pR. 47-48. 4. 5. R. C. Majumdar and A.D. Pusalkar, The Delhi Sultanate Bombay 1960 A.D., pp. 331,834. "maDDAhaDagaccha kI paramparA" jainasatyaprakAza, varSa 20, agaracanda bha~varalAla nAhaTA aMka 5, pR. 95-98. 7. cakrezvarasUri bRhadgaccha ke prabhAvaka AcArya the. unake dvArA vi.saM. 1187 se vi.saM. 1208 taka pratiSThApita kaI jinapratimAyeM upalabdha huI hai. granthaprazastiyoM meM bhI inakA ullekha prApta hotA hai. mohanalAladalIcanda desAI, jainasAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa bambaI, 1935 IsvI, pR. 280. 8. municaturavijaya - saMpAdaka. lIMbaDIsya hastalikhita jaina jJAna bhaNDAra sUcI patram. Agamodayasamiti, granthAMka 58, bambaI 1928 IsvI, kramAMka 501. 9. vahI. kramAMka 571. --- For Prate & Personal Use Only
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________________ zivaprasAda 10. Vidhatri Vora -- Catalogue of Gujarati Manuscripts Muniraja Sri ____Punyavijayaji's Collection, L.D. Series 71, Ahmedabad 1978, pp. 563. 11. mohanalAladalIcanda desAI -- jaina gurjara kavio, bhAga 1, navIna saMskaraNa, saMpAdaka DaoN. jayanta koThArI, bambaI 1986 IsvI, pR.224-225. 12. vahI, bhAga 2, pR. 175-177. 13. prAcInalekhasaMgraha, yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA, bhAvanagara 1929 IsvI, lekhAMka 49. 14. jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 3, kalakattA 1929 IsvI, lekhAMka 2178. 15. jainalekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, kalakattA 1927 IsvI, lekhAMka 1130. 16. vahI, bhAga 1, lekhAMka 1630.
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________________ sandarbha evaM bhASAyI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke upodghAta meM prayukta prathama vAkya ke pATha kI prAcInatA para kucha vicAra - DaoN. ke. Ara. candra pU. gaNadhara zrI sudharmAsvAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukha se jo upadeza sune unheM apane ziSya jambUsvAmI ko hastAntarita karate ( maukhika paramparA se ) hue ve pharamAte haiM (AcArAMga, prathama zruta-skandha, prathama adhyayana, prathama uddezaka kA prArambha ) / / " "suyaM me Ausa! teNaM ( teNa - cUrNI kA pAThAntara ) bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM... isa upodghAta ke vAkya meM sandarbha kI dRSTi se do zabda "Ausa" aura " teNa" tathA bhASAyI dRSTi se tIna zabda "suyaM", "bhagavayA" aura "akkhAyaM" para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi yaha vAkya kathana kI eka praNAlI prasthApita karane ke lie sudharmAsvAmI se bahuta lambe arse ke pazcAt jor3A gayA ho taba to isake bAre meM kucha bhI kahane ko nahIM raha jAtA parantu AgamoM kI prathama vAcanA yAni cauthI zatAbdI I. pUrva se yadi yaha vidyamAna ho taba to avazya vicAraNIya bana jAtA hai| sudharmAsvAmI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya the aura jambUsvAmI sudharmAsvAmI ke / bhagavAna mahAvIra sudharmAsvAmI ke lie samaya kI dRSTi se bahuta dUra ke upadezaka guru nahIM the isalie unheM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lie aisA prayoga karanA par3e ki "usa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ( teNaM bhagavayA) aisA kahA " / antarAla ke varSoM kI avadhi adhika hotI aura ghaTanA koI bahuta purAnI hotI taba to aisA prayoga ucita lagatA anyathA yaha prayoga saMgata nahIM lagatA hai| AcArAMga ke TIkAkAra bhI isa prayoga ke bAre meM ekamata nahIM haiN| jaise ki cUrNikAra (pR. 9) "Ausa teNa" ke sthAna para " AusaMteNa " pATha kI bhI saMbhAvanA karate haiM aura likhate haiM-- ahavA AusaMteNa, jIvatA kahitaM athavA AvasaMteNa gurukulavAsaM, ahavA AusaMteNa sAmipAdA viNayapuvo sissAyariyakamo darisio hoi AvasaMta AusaMtaggahaNeNa / zIlAMkAcArya (pR. 11) "zrutaM mayA AyuSman" kA artha samajhAte hue batalAte haiM "mayeti sAkSAnna punaH pAramparyeNa" yAni maiMne sAkSAtrUpa se na ki paramparA se sunaa| Age punaH ve kahate hai-- yadi vA AmRzatA bhagavatpAdAravindam, AvasatA vA tadantika ityanena gurukulavAsaH karttavya ityAveditaM bhavati, etaccAryadvayaM " AyusaMteNa AvasaMteNe" tyetatpAThAntaramAzrityAvagantavyamiti / isa prakAra samajhAyA jAne para yahI ucita lagatA hai ki sudharmAsvAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa rahate hue yaha upadeza sunaa| anya sandarbha AcArAMga meM hI kisI anya sandarbha meM bhikSu dvarA gAthApati aura gAthApati dvArA bhikSu ko For Privat52 Personal Use Only
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________________ sandarbha evaM bhAvAvI dRSTi sambodhita karate samaya "AusaMto" zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| (AusaMto gAhAktI, 8.2.204, 8.4.218 AusaMto samaNA 8.3.211 ) / sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI saMbodhana ke lie "Auso" zabda kA prayoga milatA hai (vaccadharaM ca Auso khaNAhi, 1.4.2.13) / isI grantha ke puNDarIka nAmaka adhyayana meM (dvitIya zrutaskandha, prathama adhyayana, pR. 121, ma.jai.vi. ) sambodhanArtha bahuvacana ke lie "Auso" zabda ke aneka prayoga milate haiN| isI adhyayana ke sUtra naM. 644 meM nigranthoM dvarA mahAvIra ko yA bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA nigranthoM ko sambodhita karate samaya "samaNAuso" zabda kA prayoga huA hai| nAyAdhammakahAo kA prayoga dekhie-- evAmeva samaNAuso ! je amhaM niggaMtho vaa...| (ena.vI. vaidya, a.4, pR. 67, a.4, pR. 82 ityAdi) isibhAsiyAiM ke prayoga dekhie-- Auso ! tetaliputtA ! ehi tA AyANAhi Auso ! tetaliputtA ! katto kyAmo (a.10, pR. 23.4,11, zubiMga, lA. da. mA. ahamadAbAda) mUlArAdhanA kI vijayodayA TIkA kA pATha isa prakAra AcArAMga (prastAvanA, pR. 36, ma. jai. vi. ) meM uddhRta hai-- sudaM me Aussanto ! bhagavadA evamakkhAdaM ina udAharaNoM meM hameM sambodhana ke lie do rUpa milate haiM-- Auso aura Ausanto jinameM sAmAnyataH ekavacana yA bahuvacana kA bheda nahIM hai| pAlitripiTaka sAhitya meM bhI sambodhana ke lie Avuso (yava) aura Ayusmanto ke prayoga milate haiN| Avuso zabda ko Ayusmanto (bahuvacana ) kA hI saMkucita rUpa mAnA gayA hai| ardhamAgadhI prayogoM meM vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya bAta yaha hai ki jahA~ para bhI "AusaM" kA prayoga hai vahA~ para usa zabda ke Age "teNa" yA "teNa" zabda milatA hai| isase aisA anumAna hotA hai ki paravartIkAla meM AusaMteNa zabda meM se do alaga-alaga zabda "AusaM" aura "teNa" bana gaye haiN| ina zabdoM ke pahale "suyaM meM" bhI milatA hai ataH paravartIkAla meM isa prakAra likhA jAne lagA hogA-- suyaM me AusaM teNaM bhgvyaa...| isa bAta kI puSTi prAcIna granthoM meM bace kucha prAcIna prayogoM se bhI hotI hai| AcArAMga, AcArAMgacUrNI aura sUtrakRtAMga meM bace prAcIna prayoga isa prakAra haiM-- (1) suyaM meM AusaMteNaM bhagakyA ekmakkhAyaM (AcArAMga, 2.1.7.2.634, .ma.je. vi.saMskaraNa) *pAlitripiTaka kankonsa, pR. 345 62
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________________ DaoN. ke.Ara. candra (ii) isakI cUrNi meM mAtra "bhagavayA" ke sthAna para "bhagavatA" pATha milatA hai| AcArAMga, pR 227, pA.Ti.naM. 21 (iii) suyaM me AusaMteNa bhagavatA evamakkhAyaM (sUtrakRtAMga, 2.1.638, ma.jai. vi., pR. 121) ina sabhI pramANoM ke AdhAra para "AusaMteNa" pATha hI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai aura nakAra ke sthAna para Na kA prayoga to paravartIkAla kI pravRtti hai hI isameM koI saMdeha aba rahA hI nhiiN| . aba "suyaM", "bhagavayA" aura "akkhAyaM" zabdoM meM Ane vAle varNa vikAroM para vicAra kiyA jaay| prathama aura tRtIya zabda bhUta kRdanta haiM tathA dvitIya zabda tRtIyA eka vacana kA spa hai| AcArAMga meM hI prApta hone vAle isI prakAra ke prayogoM ko dekhate hue inameM jo dhvani vikAra A gayA hai vaha upayukta nahIM lgtaa| AcArAMga ke (ma.ja.vi. ) prathama zruta-skandha ke kucha prayoga isa prakAra haiM-- 1. ahAsutaM vadissAmi -- 1.9.1.254 2. (ka) bhagavatA pariNNA paveditA -- 1.1.1.7, 2.93, 3.24, 4.35, 5.43, 6.51, 9.58 (kha) bhagavatA paveditaM -- 1.2.5.89, 6.3.197, 8.4.214, 8.5.267, 8.5.219, 8.6.222, 223 (ga) mAhaNeNa matImatA -- 1.9.1.276, 9.2.292, 9.3.306, 9.4.323 3. (ka) esa maggo AriehiM pavedite -- 1.2.2.94 (kha) muNiNA hu etaM paveditaM --1.5.4.164 (ga) jaMjiNehiM paveditaM -- 1.5.5.168 (gha) paveditaM mAhaNeNaM -- 1.8.1.202 (Ga) buddhehiM evaM paveditaM -- 1.8.2.206 (ca) NAyaputteNa sAhite -- 1.8.8.240 (cha) cariyAsaNAI... jAo buuitaao| Aikkhaha tAI.... / / 1.9.2.211 isa prakAra "suta, pavedita, sAhita, bujhna aura bhagavatA, matImatA Adi kitane hI prayoga svayaM AcA. prathama zrutaskandha meM hI prApta ho rahe hai| isa dRSTi meM upodghAta kA vAkya isa prakAra honA cAhie thA... | "sutaM meM AusaMteNa bhagavatA evmkkhaatN"| isI sandarbha meM "isibhAsiyAI" ke prayoga para dhyAna diijie| isibhAsiyAI granya zubriga mahodaya dvarA saMpAdita kiyA gayA hai| usameM hareka adhyayana ke prArambha meM RSi ke nAma ke sAtha "...arahatA isiNA buitaM" vAkyAMza kA prayoga milatA hai| 43 bAra "arahatA" evaM bujhataM kA prayoga 37 bAra huA hai, mAtra 7 bAra "bujhyaM" kA prayoga milatA hai| tulanA kIjie AcArAMga ke "bhagavayA... akkhAya" 44
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________________ sandarbha evaM bhASAvI dRSTi ke sAtha isibhAsiyAiM ke "arahatA... bujhtaM" kii| mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ke barA isibhAsiyAiM utanA hI purAnA mAnA gayA hai jitanA AgamoM ke cAra grantha -- AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dshvkaalik| taba phira bhASA meM itanA antara kyoM ? isa dRSTi se to AcArAMga kA sahI aura prAcIna pATha hogA-- "sataM me AusaMteNa bhagavatA evamakkhAtaM" AusaMteNa zabda meM bhI "Na" ke sthAna para prAcInatama prAkRta bhASA arthAt ardhamAgadhI meM "na" kAra hI honA caahie| isake lie prAkRta vidyA 1990 meM prakAzita merA lekha "ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM madhyavartI dantya nakAra kA "Na" yA "na" dekheN| For Private 55ersonal Use Only
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________________ bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana mana kI kriyA atyanta sUkSma hotI hai| isakA jJAna dina-rAta sAtha rahane vAle parijanoM / purajanoM ko bhI nahIM ho pAtA hai| mana kI yahI bhAvanA jaba paripakva hotI hai taba vaha sUkSma se sthUla rUpa dhAraNa kara letI hai aura vacana evaM kAya ke mAdhyama se prakaTa hone lagatI hai| ataH bIja rUpa meM vyakti ke mana para par3e hue acche-bure saMskAra hI bhAvI jIvana ke nirmAtA hote haiM / - DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina mokSArthI ke lie saMskAra / cAritra kI zuddhi nitAnta Avazyaka hai aura yaha cAritra - zuddhi vyakti meM tabhI AtI hai jaba usakI manobhAvanA zuddha ho, para se bhinna nijAtmA meM anurakta ho / jainAcAryoM ne ukta bhAvanA ke lie anuprekSA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura paravartI jainAcAryo/ vidvAnoM ne anuprekSA ke atirikta bhAvanA zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda aura svAmI kArtikeya ne to anuprekSAoM kA vizleSaNa karane hetu prAkRta bhASA meM svatantra granthoM kI bhI racanA kI hai| prAkRta ke atirikta saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI sAhitya meM bhI anuprekSAoM / bhAvanAoM kA svatantra rUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| hindU dharma meM jo mAnyatA bhagavadgItA ko prApta hai, vahI mAnyatA jainadharma meM bAraha bhAvanAoM athavA dvAdazAnuprekSAoM ko prApta hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki prAyaH sabhI prAcIna evaM arvAcIna jainAcAryoM/ vidvAnoM ne bAraha bhAvanAoM para apanI lekhanI calAI hai / lokajIvana meM gadya kI apekSA padya racanAoM kA mahattva adhika hai, kyoMki geyatA lokajIvana kA prANa hai| isIlie adhikAMza anuprekSA sAhitya padyamaya racA gayA hai| Aja bhI jaina kula bahula bundelakhaNDa bhUmi para prabhAtabelA meM vRddha puruSoM evaM nArI- kaNThoM se padyamaya bAraha bhAvanAoM kI sumadhura dhvani sunAI par3atI hai| aba to nagaroM / kasboM meM bhI adhyAtmapriyajanoM ke ghara meM Tepa rikADsa ke mAdhyama se bAraha bhAvanAoM ke bola sunAI par3ane lage haiN| vartamAna vaijJAnika yuga meM zodha / samIkSA kA vizeSa mahattva hai| isalie kisI bhI viSaya kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara buddhijIvI varga ko sahaja hI AkRSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura apanI bAta samIkSAzailI ke mAdhyama se vidvajjanoM / adhyAtmarasikoM ke hRdaya paTala para sthAyI rUpa se aMkita kI jA sakatI hai| Aja kA yuga pracAra kA yuga hai| jo bolatA hai usakA bhUsA bhI bika jAtA hai aura jo nahIM bolatA hai usakA gehU~ bhI rakhA raha jAtA hai| ataH aba samaya A gayA hai ki hama apanA gehU~/apanI bAta samayAnukUla bhASA / zodha / samIkSA ke mAdhyama se prastuta kareM / 56
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________________ ___ mAnanIya DaoN. hukumacanda bhArilla kRta "bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana" eka aisI hI kRti hai, jisameM zodha-samIkaraNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue aba taka race gae samasta bAraha bhAvanA sAhitya kA samyak anuzIlana kara adhyAtma-rasikoM/mumukSujanoM ke lie eka Thosa upahAra prastuta kiyA hai| prArambha meM DaoN. bhArillajI ne "vItarAga vijJAna" (mAsika, jayapura) ke sampAdakIya lekhoM ke spa meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA lekhana prArambha kiyA thA, kintu isake sthAyI mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kAlAntara meM ise grantha kA rUpa de diyA, jo mahattvapUrNa hai| anu. punaH-punaHprekSaNaM cintanaM smaraNam anityAdisvaspANAm iti anuprekSA nija-nijanAmAnusAreNa tattvAnucintanamanuprekSA ityarthaH / arthAt tat-tat nAma vAle anityAdi svarUpoM kA punaH-punaH cintana, smaraNa karanA anuprekSA hai| isI kA dUsarA nAma bhAvanA hai| bhAvanA ke prakaraNa meM tattvoM kA punaH-punaH cintana karanA doSa na hokara guNa hai| jisa prakAra mA~-putra ko utpanna karatI hai, usI prakAra bAraha bhAvanAe~ vairAgya ko utpanna karane vAlI haiN| jisa prakAra havA ke lagane se agni prajvalita ho uThatI hai, usI prakAra ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ke cintana se samatA rUpI sukha jAgRta hotA hai| bAraha bhAvanAoM kA mahattva pratipAdita karate hue lekhaka kA yaha kathana kitanA sArthaka/saTIka hai ki -- vairAgyavardhaka bAraha bhAvanAe~ mukti patha kA pAtheya to hai hI, laukika jIvana meM bhI atyanta upayogI haiN| iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa-saMyogoM se utpanna udavegoM ko zAnta karane vAlI ye bAraha bhAvanAe~ vyakti ko vipattiyoM meM dhairya evaM sampattiyoM meM vinamratA pradAna karatI haiM, ...jIvana ke moha evaM mRtyu ke bhaya ko kSINa karatI haiM, ...jIvana ke nirmANa meM inakI upayogitA asaMdigdha hai| DaoN. bhArillajI ne prastuta anuzIlana ke prathama zIrSaka meM anuprekSA (bhAvanA sAmAnya ke mahattva Adi kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| tatpazcAt svaracita padyamaya sArtha pratyeka bhAvanA aura usakA anushiiln| isa prakAra bAraha bhAlanae~ aura bArahoM bhAvanAoM kA anuzIlana ye caubIsa aura pUrvokta anuprekSA sAmAnya ko milAkara mukhya rUpa se paccIsa zIrSakoM meM yaha grantha vibhAjita huA hai| bAraha bhAvanAe~ isa prakAra haiM -- 1. anitya (adhuva), 2. azaraNa, 3. saMsAra, 4. ekatva, 5. anyatva, 6. azuci, 7. Asava, 8. saMvara, 9. nirjarA, 10. loka, 11.bodhidurlabha aura 12. dhrm| bhAvanAoM kA yaha krama AcArya umAsvAmI evaM svAmI kArtikeya ne svIkAra kiyA hai aura isI krama ko DaoN. bhArillajI ne bhI apanAyA hai| AcArya kundakunda kA krama uparyukta se bhinna hai| ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ko DaoN. bhArillajI ne mukhyatA aura gauNatA kI apekSA se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate hue likhA hai ki Arambha kI chaha bhAvanAe~ vairAgyotpAdaka aura. anta kI kaha bhAvanAe~ tattvaparaka hai| vairAgyotpAdaka tattvaparaka cintana hI anuprekSA hai| AvazyakatA mAtra cintana kI nahIM vairAgyotpAdaka cintana kI hai, tattvaparaka cintana kI hai| AtmArthI mumukSuoM ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM kA cintana kabhI-kabhI kA nahIM, pratidina kA kArya For 57ate & Personal Use Only
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________________ bAraha bhAvanAoM ke kramika-vikAsa para cintana kiyA jAye to jJAta hotA hai-- jina saMyogoM meM tU sadA rahanA cAhatA hai, ve kSaNa-bhaMgura hai, anitya haiM (anitya bhAvanA) lekina viyoga honA saMyogoM kA sahaja svabhAva hai, unheM rokane kA koI upAya nahIM hai, koI aisI davA nahIM, maNi-maMtra-taMtra nahIM, jo tujhe/tere putrAdi ko marane se bacA le (azaraNa bhaavnaa)| he jIva ! terA yaha socanA bhI ThIka nahIM ki dUsare saMyoga mileMge, kyoMki saMyogoM meM kahIM bhI sukha nahIM hai, sabhI saMyoga daHkha spa hI hai (saMsAra bhaavnaa)| duHkha mila-bA~Takara nahIM bhoge jA sakate, akele hI bhogane hoMge (ekatva bhaavnaa)| koI sAtha nahIM degA (anyatva bhaavnaa)| jisa deha se ta rAga karatA hai, vaha deha atyanta malina hai, mala-mUtra kA ghara hai (azuci bhaavnaa)| Arambha kI ina chaha bhAvanAoM meM saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM ke prati aruci/vairAgya utpanna karAkara AtmahitakArI tattvoM ko samajhane ke lie AtmA ko taiyAra/prerita kiyA jAtA hai| bhUmikA (bhUmiriva bhUmikA) jamAI jAtI hai arthAt ina bhAvanAoM meM dehAdi para-padArthoM se AtmA kI bhinnatA kA jJAna karAke bheda-vijJAna kI prathama sIr3hI bhI pAra karA dI jAtI hai| punaH yaha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki Asava bhAva duHkha spa hai, duHkha ke kAraNa haiM (Asava bhaavnaa)| inheM rokA jA sakatA hai (saMvara bhAvanA) aura abhyAgata karmoM kI nirjarA kI jA sakatI hai (nirjarA bhaavnaa)| punaH loka kA svarUpa batalAkara (loka bhAvanA) ratnatraya kI durlabhatA kA bodha kiyA jAtA hai (bodhidurlabha bhaavnaa)| anta meM yaha batalAte haiM ki atyanta durlabha ratnatraya rUpa dharma kI ArAdhanA isa manuSya bhava kA sAra hai (dharma bhAvanA) / isa prakAra manuSya bhava kI sArthakatA eka mAtra trikAlI dhruva AtmA ke Azraya se utpanna samyAdarzana, samyAjJAna aura samyakcAritra spa ratnatraya dharma kI prApti meM hI hai| bAraha bhAvanAoM ke kramika vikAsa kA yaha cintana DaoN. bhArillajI kI anokhI sUjha-bUjha kA phala hai| anitya bhAvanA ke prasaMga meM DaoN. bhArillajI ne eka prazna upasthita kiyA hai ki anitya bhAvanA kA cintana to mukhya rUpa se samyAdRSTi jJAniyoM ko hotA hai, manirAjoM ko bhI hotA hai. to kyA ve bhI saMyogoM aura paryAyoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA se anajAna hote haiM ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue ve likhate haiM -- nahIM, ve saMyogoM aura paryAyoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA se bhalI-bhA~ti paricita hote haiN| ajJAnajanya AkulatA-vyAkulatA to ajJAniyoM ko hI hotI hai, samyAdRSTi jJAniyoM ko nahIM, kintu pUrNa vItarAgatA ke abhAva meM deva-zAstra-guru, ziSya, mAtA-pitA, strI-putrAdi va dehAdi saMyogoM tathA zubharAga, viziSTa kSayopazamajJAnAdi paryAyoM meM rAgAtmaka vikalpa yathAsambhava bhUmikAnusAra samyagjJAniyoM ke bhI pAye jAte haiM, iSTa saMyogoM ke viyoga meM unakA bhI citta asthira ho jAtA hai| citta kI sthiratA ke lie ve bhI saMyogoM aura paryAyoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA bAra-bAra vicAra karate haiN| unakA yaha cintana AmnAya-svAdhyAya spa hI samajhanA caahie| DaoN. bhArillajI dvarA uThAyA gayA yaha prazna aura usakA samAdhAna jijJAsuoM ke lie atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| kabhI-kabhI Upara se samAna pratIta hone vAlI do bhAvanAoM athavA tattvoM Adi ke madhya hone vAle sUkSma antara ko sAmAnya pAThaka nahIM samajha pAtA hai| ataH DaoN. bhArillajI ne unake 58
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________________ madhya hone vAle antara ko spaSTa karane ke lie eka vibhAjana rekhA khIMcakara viSaya ko sarvagamya banAne kA saphala/sakala prayAsa kiyA hai| jaise -- anitya bhAvanA aura azaraNa bhAvanA meM mUlabhUta antara spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM ki anitya bhAvanA meM saMyogoM aura paryAyoM ke anitya svabhAva kA cintana hotA hai aura azaraNa bhAvanA meM unake hI azaraNa bhAva kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| anityatA ke samAna azaraNa bhI vastu kA svabhAva hai|" anitya bhAvanA kA kendra-bindu hai -- "maranA sabako eka dina apanI-apanI bAra" aura azaraNa bhAvanA kahatI hai-- "marate na bacAve koI" -- yahI ina donoM meM mUlabhUta antara hai|12 isI prakAra saMsAra bhAvanA aura loka bhAvanA meM Aye saMsAra aura loka -- ina do zabdoM kA antara spaSTa karate hue ve likhate haiM -- "loka meM saMsAra zabda kA prayoga loka (jagata duniyA~ ) ke artha meM bhI hotA hai, para saMsAra bhAvanA ke sandarbha meM saMsAra kA artha loka, duniyA~, jagat kisI bhI sthiti meM sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki bAraha bhAvanAoM meM saMsAra bhAvanA ke samAna loka bhI eka bhAvanA hai| donoM meM bindu aura sindhu kA antara hai| saMsAra bindu hai to loka sindhu hai| saMsAra jIva kI vikArI paryAya mAtra hai aura loka chaha dravyoM ke samUha ko kahate haiN| loka mAtra jJeya hai, para saMsAra heya bhI hai| SaDdravyamayI loka ko mAtra jAnanA hai, para saMsAra kA to abhAva bhI karanA hai|13 DaoN. bhArillajI dvarA zabdoM kI pakar3a ke mAdhyama se batalAye gaye kucha anya antara bhI draSTavya hai -- ekatva aura anyatva -- ina donoM bhAvanAoM meM vidhi aura niSedha spa hI antara hai| 4 Asava bhAvanA Asava tattva nahIM saMvara tattva hai kyoMki tattvAryasUtra meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana saMvara tattva ke prakaraNa meM AtA hai| saMvara bhAvanA aura saMvaratattva meM kAraNa-kArya kA sambandha hai kyoMki ukta kathana meM bAraha bhAvanAoM ko saMvara ke kAraNoM meM ginAyA gayA hai aura saMvara bhAvanA bhI bAraha bhAvanAoM meM eka bhAvanA hai|16 saMvara mokSa-mArga kA Arambha hai aura nirjarA mokss-maarg|17 bodhidurlabha bhAvanA meM bodhi kI durlabhatA arthAt ratnatraya kI durlabhatA kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura dharma bhAvanA meM dharma arthAt ratnatraya ke svarUpa evaM mahimA kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai|18 isa prakAra DaoN. bhArillajI ne apanI sUkSma/painI dRSTi ko chenI banAkara viSaya-vibhAjana karate hue yaha siddha kiyA hai ki bAraha bhAvanAoM meM mUlabhUta antara vastutaH paraspara cintana prakriyA kA hI hai| sarala, subodha, tarkasaMgata evaM AkarSaka zailI meM viSaya-vastu kA pratipAdana karanA DaoN. bhArillajI kI apanI vizeSatA hai| deha aura AtmA donoM Upara se eka dikhalAI dene para bhI ve For 59 ate & Personal Use Only
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________________ paraspara kitane bhinna hai ? isa bAta ko udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se samajhAne kI DaoN. bhArillajI kI zailI draSTavya hai -- jisa prakAra dUdha to dUdha hai aura pAnI pAnI, dUdha kabhI pAnI nahIM ho sakatA aura na pAnI duudh| dUdha meM pAnI milA dene se na to dUdha pAnI ho jAtA hai aura na pAnI dUdha, mila jAne para bhI dUdha dUdha rahatA hai aura pAnI pAnI / vastutaH ve milate hI nahIM, mAtra mile dikhate haiN| usI prakAra jIva jIva hai aura deha deha, jIva kabhI deha nahIM ho sakatA hai aura na deha jiiv| jIva aura deha eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAne para bhI na to jIva deha ho jAtA hai aura na deha jIva, saMyogIdazA meM bhI jIva jIva rahatA hai aura deha deha / vastutaH ve milate hI nahIM, mAtra mile dikhate hai|20 isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA sakate haiM, kintu isa laghu samIkSA lekha meM denA sambhava nahIM hai| uparyukta binduoM para samagra rUpa se vicAra karane para pratIta hotA hai ki DaoN. bhArillajI ne "bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana" nAmaka isa grantha ke mAdhyama se na kevala bAraha bhAvanAgata aneka praznoM ko uThAkara unakA samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai, apitu subodha zailI meM jijJAsuoM/mumukSuoM/vidvajjanoM ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM kA sarvAMgINa zodhaparaka vivecana prastuta kiyA hai, jo paramparAgata zailI ko akSuNNa rakhate hue apane navya/bhavya rUpa meM sarvathA svAgateya aura anta meM maiM DaoN. bhArillajI ke isa vizvAsa ko doharAnA cAhU~gA ki isa anuzIlana ko jo bhI vyakti pavitra hRdaya se par3hegA, manana karegA, cintana karegA, isameM vyakta rahasya ko gaharAI se anubhava karegA, usakI bhI jIvanadhArA parivartita hue binA nahIM rhegii|21 dhuvadhAma kI ArAdhanA ArAdhanA kA sAra hai| - No 66 bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzInana, pR. 19 vahI, vahI, pR. 8 tattvArthasUtra, 9/7 draSTavya, kArtikeyAnuprekSA AcArya kundakunda ke anusAra anuprekSAoM kA krama isa prakAra hai -- adhruva, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, azucitA, Asava, saMvara, nirjarA, dharma, bodhi (durlabha) - draSTavya, bArasANupekkhA, gAthA 2 bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana, pR. 22 vahI, pR. 20 vahI, pR. 23-24 7. 8. 9.
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________________ 10. 11. bAraha bhAvanA : eka anuzIlana, pR. 29-30 vahI, pR. 41 vahI, pR. 42 vahI, pR. 54-55 vahI, pR.62 vahI, pR. 101 vahI, pR. 112 vahI, pR. 131 vahI, pR. 162 vahI, pR. 78 vahI, pR. 79 vahI, pR. 12 16. 18. 20. 21. - nirvANa bhavana, bI. 2/249, lena naM. 14, ravIndrapurI, vArANasI-221005. For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ pustaka-samIkSA pustaka -- kulapAka tIrtha : mANikyadeva-RSabhadeva lekhaka -- mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara prakAzaka -- zrI zvetAmbara jaina tIrtha kulapAka prakAzana varSa -- 19917 mUlya -- pacAsa rUpaye mAtraH AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika prastuta kRti ke lekhaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara jI ne kulapAkajI tIrtha, jisakA itihAsa kucha aitihAsika evaM kucha prAgaitihAsika hai, ko itihAsa ke vibhinna upAdAnoM ke AdhAra para niSpakSa rUpa se prastuta kiyA hai| lekhaka ne isa tIrya ke itihAsa ko likhane meM paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ke sAtha hI sAtha zodhaparaka dRSTi kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| grantha ke pariziSTa ke rUpa meM dI gayI sAmagrI grantha kI garimA ko bar3hAtI hai| isI prakAra maMdiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA kalAtmaka paricaya grantha kI mUlyavattA ko ujAgara karatA hai| pustaka mahattvapUrNa hai| lekhaka ne kulapAka tIrtha ke itihAsa ko prakAza meM lAkara jaina jagat hI nahIM,apitu samagra samAja ke lie ullekhanIya kArya kiyA hai, jo prazaMsanIya hai| grantha aneka dRSTiyoM se upayogI hai| pustaka --jinavANI ke motI; lekhaka -- dulIcandra jainaH prakAzaka -- jaina vidyA anusaMdhAna pratiSThAna, 18 rAmAnuja ayyara sTrITa sAhukArapeTa, madrAsa, prakAzana varSa -- 1993, mUlya pacAsa rupaye, AkAra --DimAI hArDavAuNDa 'jinavANI ke motI nAmaka isa kRti meM lekhaka ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUlavANI evaM unake saMdezoM kA saMkalana Adhunika sarala bhASA meM bhAvArtha ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| isameM prAcIna bhAratIya jJAna rAzi ke adbhuta svarUpa jainAgamoM kA sAra tattva upalabdha hai| jaina AgamoM granthoM kI sUkti evaM gAthA saMkalana ke aneka prayAsa hue haiM jinakI carcA prastuta kRti kI bhUmikA meM pro. sAgaramalajI jaina ne vistAra se kI hai| sarala gAthAoM se yukta isa kRti meM maMgalasUtra ke atirikta Atmatattva, mokSamArga tattva-jJAna, kaSAya vijaya, karmavAda, bhAvanAsUtra, dharmamArga, dhyAnamArga evaM zikSApada nAmaka zIrSakoM ke antargata Agamika gAthAoM ke saMkalana ke sAtha hI gAthAoM kA hindI artha bhI diyA gayA hai| jisase sAmAnya pAThakajana jo prAkRta bhASAvijJa nahIM hai, bhI lAbhAnvita hogeN| prastuta kRti kA uddezya sAmAnyajana meM Agama granthoM ke adhyayana kI abhiruci utpanna karanA hai, jo niHsaMdeha prAkRta evaM jaina vidyA kI anupama sevA hai| kRti ke prArambha meM pro. For Pri 62 & Personal Use Only
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________________ sAgaramala jaina kI lagabhaga 14 pRSThoM kI mahattvapUrNa evaM sAragarmita bhUmikA dI gayI hai jisase kRti kA mahattva dviguNita ho gayA hai| kRti meM saMkalita sUktiyA~ mAnava jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM para prakAza DAlatI hai| pustaka aneka dRSTiyoM se upayogI evaM saMgrahaNIya hai / pustaka -- svayambhUstotra-tattvapradIpikA (caturvizati jinastotra- tattvapradIpikA ); lekhaka -- pro. udayacandra jainaH prakAzaka -- zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasIH prakAzana varSa-- 19933 mUlya -- ajilda -- pacAsa rupaye, sajilda -- sATha rupaye AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika jaina cintakoM meM samantabhadra agragaNya hai| stutiyoM ke mAdhyama se jaina darzana kA prastutIkaraNa aura anya dArzanika vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA karane vAle jo AcArya hue haiM unameM siddhasena va samantabhadra kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| donoM hI AcAryoM kI isa vidyA meM apanI viziSTatA hai| samantabhadra kI kRtiyoM meM Apta mImAMsA va svayaMbhUstotra donoM hI jaina dArzanika cintana ke utkarSa ke sUcaka hai| svayaMbhUstotra meM unhoMne caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti ke mAdhyama se jaina siddhAntoM ke rahasya kA gUDha kintu mukhara pratipAdana kiyA hai| pro. udayacandra jaina, jaina vidyA ke variSTha vidvAn hai| unhoMne mUla saMskRta zlokoM kA na kevala sAmAnya artha prastuta kiyA hai apitu vizeSArtha ke mAdhyama se unakI samyak vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI hai| jo jana-sAdhAraNa va vidvAn donoM ke lie hI bodhagamya hai| kliSTa viSaya ko bhI unhoMne jisa saralatA ke sAtha apanI vyAkhyA meM spaSTa kiyA hai, vaha abhinandanIya hai| yadyapi svayaMbhUstotra para kAphI kucha likhA gayA hai kintu una saba meM hindI vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se yaha kRti sarvottama hai| prArambha meM unake dvarA likhita prastAvanA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| aise utkRSTa prakAzana ke lie zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, nariyA~, badhAI kA pAtra hai| kRti paThanIya aura saMgrahaNIya hai| mUlya bhI ucita hI hai| sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| pustaka -- tattvAryasUtranA Amama AdhAra sthAnoH Agama pATha saMzodhaka -- muni dIparatnasAgara, prakAzaka -- abhinava zruta, prakAzana prakAzana varSa -- 19913 mUlya--; AkAra --DimAI pepara baiMka For Date & Personal Use Only
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________________ prastuta kRti meM tattvArthasUtra ke pratyeka sUtra ke Agamika AdhAra-sthaloM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| muni zrI dIparatnasAgarajI ne yaha mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyA, isake lie ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra hai| yadyapi isake pUrva sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA ke AcAryazrI AtmArAmajI ne "tattvArthasUtra aura jainAgama samanvaya" ke rUpa meM tattvArthasUtra ke sabhI sUtroM ke Agamika AdhAra-sthaloM kA nirdeza kiyaa| vaise prastuta kRti aura usameM jo sthala sandarmita haiM ve adhikAMza rUpa meM eka hI haiN| yadyapi muni zrI dIpasAgarajI ne kahIM-kahIM kucha naye Agamika AdhAra sthala bhI nirdezita kiye haiM aura kahIM usameM ullekhita sandarbha chor3a bhI diye gaye haiN| unhoMne AcArya AtmArAmajI kI kRti kA kitanA upayoga kiyA hai yaha hameM jJAta nahIM hai kyoMki unhoMne usa kRti kA kahIM ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki tattvArthasUtra ke sUtroM ke aneka Agamika AdhAra-sthala niyukti sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha haiN| jaise -- tattvArthasatra meM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI jina 10 avasthAoM kI carcA hai| ve yathAvat rUpa meM mAtra AcArAMganiyukti meM hI upalabdha hotI hai| yadi niyukti sAhitya kA upayoga kiyA gayA hotA to aura bhI kucha naye tathya sAmane aate| yadyapi umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra ke AdhAra ke rUpa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM valabhI vAcanA ke AgamoM ko prastuta kiyA jAtA hai aura usI prakAra digambara paramparA meM kaSAya pAhuDa, SaTkhaNDAgama aura kundakunda ke granthoM ko unakI racanA kA AdhAra batAyA jAtA hai| kintu umAsvAti kA tattvArtha sUtra ina donoM se pUrvavartI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake aneka sUtroM kA AdhAra yathAvata rUpa meM na to zvetAmbara paramparA ke AgamoM meM hai na digambara paramparA ke granthoM meM hai| isa sandarbha meM vizeSa carcA pro. sAgaramala jaina ke grantha tattvArthasUtra aura usakI paramparA meM huI hai| isa kRti ke anta meM tattvAryasUtra ke mUla-pATha meM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA meM kyA antara hai yaha dikhAyA gayA hai| kRti tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane vAle aura zodhArthiyoM ke lie upayogI hai| sambhavataH gujarAtI pAThakoM ke lie isa prakAra kI yaha prathama kRti hai| kRti saMgrahaNIya aura paThanIya hai| pastaka --jayodaya mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anazIlana lekhikA --DaoN. (ka.) ArAdhanA jaina "svatantra"; prakAzaka -- zrI digambara jaina muni saMgha cAturmAsa sevA samiti, gaMja basaudA, vidizA (ma.pra.); saMskaraNa prathama -- 1994; mUlya -- pacAsa rupaye AkAra --DimAI pepara Ba
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________________ jayodaya mahAkAvya digambara jaina AcArya pU. zrI jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kI kRti hai| jisakA anuzIlana DaoN. kumArI ArAdhanA jaina ne pI. eca-DI. kI upAdhi ke lie kiyaa| isa grantha meM lekhikA ne jayodaya mahAkAvya kA sarvAGgINa vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| yaha pustaka bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM jayodaya kAvya ke praNetA mahAkavi bhUrAmala jI (AcArya jJAnasAgarajI) kA jIvana vRtta evaM unake dvarA racita kRtiyoM kA vivaraNa hai| dUsarA adhyAya mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu aura usake mUla srota kA vivecana karatA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM kavi ne bhASA ko kAvyAtmaka banAne ke lie jisa ukti-vakratAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai usakA vizleSaNa hai| cauthA, pA~cavA, kRThA, sAtavAM adhyAya kramazaH muhAvaroM, alaMkAra-vinyAsa, bimba-yojanA tathA lokoktiyoM Adi kA varNana karatA hai| AThavA~ adhyAya jayodaya meM upalabdha rasa, usake svarUpa, rasa kI utpatti Adi viSaya para prakAza DAlatA hai| nauvA~ adhyAya varNa-vinyAsa kI vakratA ko unmIlita karatA hai| dasavA adhyAya jayodaya meM varNita pramukha pAtroM ke caritra ko citrita karatA hai| gyArahaveM adhyAya meM tatkAlIna jIvana paddhati para dRSTipAta kiyA gayA hai| bArahavA~ adhyAya upasaMhAra ke rUpa hai| isake sAtha hI tIna pariziSTa bhI h| ___ isa prakAra isa rocaka mahAkAvya kA zailIvaijJAnika anuzIlana prastuta kara lekhikA ne eka zramasAdhya aura navIna kArya kiyA hai jo zodhArthiyoM ke lie upayogI hogaa| grantha kI bhASA sarala evaM subodha hai| sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| pustaka -- zAkAhAra mAnava sabhyatA kI subahA lekhaka -- DaoN. nemIcanda prakAzaka -- pI.esa. jaina phAuNDezana, dillI- 110054; saMskaraNa -- prathama 19937 mUlya -- adhyayana AkAra--DimAI pepara baika prastuta pustaka DaoN. nemIcandajI ke zAkAhAra viSayaka lekhoM kA saMgraha hai| Aja zAkAhAra ke viSaya meM kAphI kucha likhA jA rahA hai jisakI AvazyakatA bhI hai| samAja meM dinoM-dina bar3hatI hiMsA, krUratA aura manuSyoM kI tAmasI vRtti ke lie kAphI hada taka mAMsAhAra aura khAna-pAna jimmedAra hai| aisI avasthA meM zAkAhAra para bala denA atyanta Avazyaka hai| DaoN. nemIcanda ne isa pustaka meM apane svatantra lekhoM ke mAdhyama se zAkAhAra ke bhUta-bhaviSya, usase hone vAle sAmAjika-zArIrika lAbha aura mAMsAhAra se utpanna duSprabhAvoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| zAkAhAra kA prazna sirpha AhAra se hI nahIM jur3A hai apitu yaha mAnava ke jIvana mUlyoM se jur3A hai| prAcInakAla meM dharma granthoM aura saMtapuruSoM ne apane upadezoM meM yaha batAyA thA ki manuSya ko
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________________ sAdA-jIvana, ucca-vicAra se anuprerita honA cAhiye jisake lie sAtvika bhojana Avazyaka hai| bIca meM yaha dhAraNA badala gayI thI aura loga aisA mAnane lage the ki jo vyakti mAMsAhArI hai vahI dIrghajIvI hotA hai| isa mAnyatA kA Aja ke Adhunika cikitsA vaijJAnikoM ne spaSTa rUpa se khaNDana kara diyA hai| zAkAhAra mAtra AhAra nahIM balki AtmAnuzAsana aura apane indriyoM para aMkuza rakhane kI sAdhanA hai| jisase manuSya apane mana ko apane adhIna kara pAne meM sakSama hogaa| AzA hai isa pustaka se samAja ke sabhI varga lAbhAnvita hogeN| isa zreSTha kRti ke lie lekhaka evaM prakAzaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka -- caitanya ciMtana; lekhaka -- zrI 108 muni virAgasAgarajI ma.; prakAzaka -- zrI suvAlAla caturabhuja ajamerA, nAgaura (rAja.); saMskaraNa -- prathama, 19877 mUlya -- pA~ca rupaye (prathama), dasa rupaye (dvitIya) AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika caitanya ciMtana meM muni zrI virAgasAgarajI dvArA 1984 taka kI dainika DAyarI ke rUpa meM likhe gaye antara vicAra prastuta haiN| ina vicAroM meM sat vicAra, susaMskAra, adhyAtma vRtti, anuzAsana, jJAnadAna, pratikramaNa, saMgati Adi kula 102 savicAra prathama bhAga meM hai| dvitIya bhAga meM krodha ke prakAra, susaMskArita jJAna, ahiMsA, jJAna kA Ananda, karmaphala sahita 103 vicAra saMkalita haiN| AzA hai isa pustikA se pAThakagaNa muni zrI ke vicAroM ke sArabhUta tattva ko samajha kara usase lAbhAnvita hogeN| pustikA upayogI hai| pustaka -- karmabandha aura usakI prakriyAH prastotA -- paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrI prakAzaka-- nija jJAna sAgara zikSA koSa, satanA, ma.pra.; saMskaraNa -- dvitIyaH prakAzana varSa -- 1993 mUlya -- tattva jijJAsuoM ke cintana hetuH AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika karmabandha aura usakI prakriyA nAmaka pustaka meM paM. jaganmohanalAla zAstrIjI ne jaina darzana meM karma siddhAnta, karmabandha tathA usakI prakriyA Adi viSayoM para pANDityapUrNa cintana prastuta kiyA hai| isa pustaka meM AgamoM kA pramANa dekara viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha siddha kiyA gayA hai ki sthiti evaM anubhAga bandha kaSAya se hotA hai na ki mithyAtva se| saMkSepa meM kahA jAya to paM. jI ne isa pustaka meM jJAna kA sAgara bhara diyA hai aura karmabandha ke prazna para kaSAya For 65 ate & Personal Use Only
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________________ evaM mithyAtva ko lekara jo vivAda cala rahA hai usako zAstrIya AdhAra diyA hai| karma bandha ke sambandha meM jijJAsuoM evaM zodhakarttAoM ke lie yaha pustaka tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattva kI hai 1 isa niSpakSa aura prAmANika kRti ke praNayana ke lie samAja paM. jI kA RNI haiN| pustaka saMgrahaNIya hai / pustaka dharma nAva ke bAla yAtrI, lekhaka sambodhi prakAzana, dillI; saMskaraNa pepara baika -- -- prastuta pustaka dharma nAva ke bAla yAtrI meM zrI subhadra munijI ne baccoM ke lie mAM aura beTA, dharma aura nAva, bAlaRSi, amara bAlaka bhaya miTa gayA aura suvidhAoM ke zUla aisI chaha manoraMjaka evaM zikSAprada kahAniyA~ likhIM haiN| Aja bAla sAhitya ke nAma para kAmiksa kA jAla phailA hai jisameM vIbhatsatA evaM hiMsAparaka sAmagrI chApa kara baccoM ke mana ko gaMdA kiyA jA rahA hai / aisI sthiti meM muni zrI kI ina zikSAprada kahAniyoM se baccoM ko caritra-nirmANa kI dizA meM preraNA milegI aura sadAcAra evaM sadguNoM ko jIvana meM AtmasAt kara skegeN| raMgIna citroM se yukta pustaka par3hane meM na kevala bAlakoM ko yukta AkarSaNa rahatA hai apitu unake liye kathA bhI bodhagamya bana jAtI hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| -- zrI subhadramuniH prakAzaka muni mAyArAma dvitIya 1993; mUlya dasa rupaye AkAra DimAI pustaka subhadra kahAniyA~, lekhaka subhadra muniH prakAzaka muni mAyArAma sambodhi prakAzana, dillI; saMskaraNa prathama 1994, mUlya ATha rupaye mAtra AkAra DimAI pepara baika -- ---- 11 For Poyate & Personal Use Only prastuta pustaka meM vibhinna dharma, paramparAoM evaM mahApuruSoM ke jIvana prasaMgoM se sambandhita rocaka kahAniyA~ saMgrahIta haiN| ina kahAniyoM meM manoraMjana ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana kA saMdeza bhI nihita hai | kahAniyoM ke sAtha kucha sthaloM para citra kA saMyojana bhI hai jisase baccoM ko viSaya samajhane meM suvidhA hogii| pustaka bAlopayogI hai tathA sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| --
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________________ pustaka -- sacitra mahAvIra kathA lekhaka -- subhadra muniH prakAzaka -- muni mAyArAma sambodhi prakAzana, dillI saMskaraNa -- dvitIya 1993, mUlya -- pandraha rupaye mAtraH AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika isa pustaka meM zrI subhadra munijI ne jainadharma ke ArAdhya tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke viSaya meM unase sambandhita preraka prasaMgoM ko manoraMjaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai| isa sacitra pustaka ke mAdhyama se baccoM ko viSaya samajhane meM sugamatA hogii| isa pustaka se baccoM ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAre meM zikSA-prada jAnakArI milegI, aisI AzA hai| pustaka -- cetanA ke par3Ava lekhikA -- kiraNa bhUtor3iyAH prakAzaka -- priyadarzI prakAzana, kalakattA, saMskaraNa 19937 mUlya -- pacAsa rupaye mAtraH AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika cetanA ke par3Ava kiraNa bhatoDiyA dvArA viracita kAvya-saMgraha hai| isa kavitA-saMgraha kI kavitAoM meM lekhikA ne apanI anubhUtiyoM ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| ye kavitAyeM alaga-alaga ruci evaM rasa kI haiN| ina kavitAoM meM eka ora bhakti, samarpaNa aura prema kI bhAvanAtmaka kavitAyeM haiM to dUsarI ora lekhikA kI dArzanika aura bauddhika abhiruci bhI dikhAyI detI hai| isa kAvya-saMgraha meM saMgrahIta kavitAyeM madhura, sarasa va hRdaya sparzI haiN| kavayitrI kA AdhyAtmika jIvana ke sUtroM ko kavitA kI zailI meM prastuta karane kA yaha eka sArthaka prayAsa pustaka prazaMsanIya hai| pustaka -- adhyAtma ke paripArzva meM lekhaka -- DaoN. nijAmuddInaH prakAzaka -- jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanUM (rAjasthAna ); saMskaraNa -- prathama 19937 mUlya -- pacAsa rupaye mAtra AkAra--DimAI pepara baika "adhyAtma ke paripArzva meM" nAmaka isa grantha meM lekhaka ne jainadharma-darzana ke aneka gambhIra viSayoM para apanI lekhanI calAkara unake vAstavika svarUpa ko spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| DaoN. nijAmuddIna ne isa pustaka meM islAmI sAdhanA ko vaiSNava aura jaina sAdhanAoM se jor3akara jo tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai vaha na kevala stutya hai apitu islAma ko bhAratIya 68
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________________ pariprekSya meM samajhane meM sahAyatA bhI milegii| grantha tIna khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama cintana, maMthana nAmaka khaNDa meM anekAMta, aparigraha, ahiMsA, paryAvaraNa Adi viSayoM se sambandhita lekha haiN| isa khaNDa meM samanvaya kI dRSTi se "mahAvIra aura kabIra kI ahiMsA dRSTi" zIrSaka lekha mahattvapUrNa hai| dharma-darzana zIrSaka dvitIya khaNDa meM jainadharma viSayaka kucha lekha haiN| ina lekhoM meM mAnava dharma aura asAmpradAyika dRSTi nAmaka lekha meM dhArmika sahiSNutA, pArasparika sauhArda ke hetu lekhaka kI tar3apa kA patA lagatA hai| pustaka ke tIsare khaNDa meM vyakti : vicAra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura paigambara mohammda sAhaba ke sAmAjika ekatA, ahiMsA, aparigraha evaM jainadharma ke aNavata Andolana se sambandhita viSayoM kA taTastha buddhi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa khaNDa meM tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA aura mahAvIra zIrSaka lekha ko jainadharma ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se aitihAsika lekha kahA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura vizva zAnti, mahAvIra kI lokatAMtrika dRSTi bhI prAsaMgika lekha hai| ina lekhoM ke mAdhyama se lekhaka ne sarvadharma samabhAva kA pATha logoM ke sAmane rakhA hai| Aja ke dharmonmAdI evaM sampradAyavAdI vAtAvaraNa meM isa prakAra ke udAravAdI aura dUsare dharmoM ke prati Adara bhAva rakhane vAle vicArakoM kI atyadhika AvazyakatA hai| pustaka dharma-darzana Adi viSayoM ke sudhI adhyetAoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAnyajana ke lie bhI upayogI siddha hogii| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| isa sArthaka prayAsa ke lie lekhaka badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka -- dharmaratnakaraNDakaH; saMpAdaka -- paMnyAsa municandravijayagaNiH prakAzaka -- zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejukezana risarca senTara, ahamadAbAdaH saMskaraNa -- prathama 1994; mUlya -- do sau pacAsa rupaye mAtra AkAra -- rAyala AThapeja hArDabAuNDa dharmaratnakANDakaH nAmaka yaha grantha zvetAmbara AcArya navAMgavRttikAra abhayadevasUri ke paTTAlaMkAra AcArya vardhamAnasUri ke dvarA vi.saM. 1172 tadanusAra I.1115 meM grathita hai| sampUrNa grantha nimnalikhita 20 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai -- dharmA'dharmasvaspAdhikAra, jinapUjA'dhikAra, gurubhakti adhikAra, paropakArAdhikAra, santoSAdhikAra, saMsArAdhikAra, zokAdhikAra, kaSAyAdhikAra, lokaviruddhAdhikAra, dAnA'dhikAra, zIlASdhikAra, tapo'dhikAra, bhAvanA'dhikAra, ziSTasamA'dhikAra, vinayAdhikAra, viSayAdhikAra, vivekAdhikAra, mRdubhASitA'dhikAra, dayA'dhikAra aura sghNpuujaa'dhikaar| ina adhikAroM se spaSTa rUpa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki grantha meM na kevala kaSAyajaya, kSINapAlana aura tapAdi vividha sAdhanAoM kA ullekha hai apitu dAna, dayA, paropakAra, saMgha-pUjA Adi sAmAjika mahatva ke vizva bhI hai| grantha kI vizeSatA hai ki isameM viSaya se For 59 ate & Personal Use Only
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________________ sambandhita prasaMgAnusArI aneka kathAe~ bhI dI gayI haiN| isa prakAra yaha jaina paramparA kA eka kathA koza hI hai| ArAdhanA kathAkoza yA bRhata kathAkoza kI taraha isameM bhI aneka kathAe~ dI gayI hai| grantha mukhyataH saMskRta padya meM hai kintu kahIM-kahIM gadya kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha gadya svopajJa-TIkA ke rUpa meM hI hai| yaha kRti paryApta samaya se anupalabdha thI tathA pUrva meM patrAkAra meM chapI thii| muni candra vijayajI ne pUrva prakAzita saMskaraNa kI azuddhiyoM ko dUra karake isakA punaH sampAdana kiyaa| unhoMne paryApta parizcama karake isakA a palabdha karAyA ika lie viddhata varga unakA AbhArI rhegaa| zAsana ki senTara ne bhIlaDiyAjI jaina tIrtha ke Arthika sahayoga se nana prakA donoM saMsthAyeM bhI dhanyavAda kI pAtra haiN| isa mahattvapUrNa grantha meM jo eka kamI khaTakatI hai vaha yaha ki yadi isake sAtha eka vistRta aura tulanAtmaka prastAvanA bhI jur3a jAtI to isakA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha jaataa| bhaviSya meM saMbhavataH isa tathya ko dRSTigat rakhA jaayegaa| pustika kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai tathA mudraNa nirdoSa hai| grantha upayogI evaM saMgrahaNIya pustaka -- AcArya zrI vijayadharmasUrizvara zraddhAJjali vizeSAMka; saMpAdaka -- zrI yazodevasarijI ma.; prakAzaka -- mukti kamala jaina mohanamAlA, ThikAnA rAvapurA, koTIpola maMchAsadana, baDodarA (gujarAta); prakAzana varSa -- 1992; mUlya 31.50/- mAtraH AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika prastuta kRti kA prakAzana paramapUjya yuga divAkara AcArya zrI vijayadharmasUrijI ke zraddhAJjali vizeSAMka ke rUpa meM huA hai| isake pahale bhAga meM paramapUjya AcArya zrI ke sambandha meM pUjya munirAjoM, sAdhuoM aura anya vyaktiyoM ke lekha aura zraddhAJjali gIta haiN| grantha ke dvitIya bhAga meM zraddhAJjaliyoM aura zoka-sandezoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare bhAga meM AcArya zrI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt unake nimitta huI zraddhAJjali sabhA kA vivaraNa hai sAtha hI AcAryazrI ke nidhana ke bAda vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita samAcAroM kA saMkalana hai| caturtha vibhAga meM AcArya zrI tathA vibhinna rAjanetAoM aura pUjya munirAjoM ke bIca hue saMvAdoM kA ullekha hai| isa vibhAga meM AcArya zrI ke vyaktitva kI mahAnatA kA hameM samyak paricaya mila jAtA hai| paMcama-vibhAga meM AcArya zrI aura tatkAlIna muni zrI yazodevasUrijI (AcArya yazodevasUrijI) paramapUjya AcArya vijayamohanajI Adi ke sAtha hue patra-vyavahAra ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisameM aneka rasa-prada evaM preraNA-prada prasaMgoM kA ullekha huA hai| isa prakAra yaha samparNa grantha AcArya zrI vijayadharmasarijI ke prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ko rekhAMkita karatA hai| grantha meM aneka citra bhI diye gaye haiM jisase grantha kA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| AcArya zrI ke jIvana ke sambandha meM yaha eka mahattvapUrNa dastAveja hai jo pustakAlayoM ke lie
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________________ saMgrahaNIya hai| pustaka -- deva, zAstra aura guru lekhaka -- DaoN. sudarzana lAla jainaH prakAzaka -- akhila bhAratIya digambara jaina vita-pariSada, vArANasI saMskaraNa -- prathamaH prakAzana varSa -- 1994% mUlya bIsa rupayAH AkAra -- DimAI pepara baika __ isa pustaka meM DaoN. sudarzanalAla jaina ne deva, zAstra aura guru ke sahI svarUpa kI jAnakArI prAcIna granthoM ke AdhAra para dI hai| grantha meM cAra adhyAya haiM aura cAroM adhyAyoM meM viSaya ko zAstrIya pramANoM ke mAdhyama se hI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| pustaka jainAcAryoM aura unake dvarA racita prAmANika racanAoM ke sambandha meM sUcanA detA hai jisase jaina zAstra paramparA ke svarUpa kA samajhane meM jaina tathA jainetara samAja ko madada milegii| vidvAn lekhaka kI yaha kRti aneka dRSTi se upayogI hai| pustaka kA mudraNa nirdoSa evaM sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| ghustaka -- anusaMdhAna; saMkalanakAra -- muni zIlacandra vijaya, harivallabha bhAyANI prakAzaka-- kalikAla sarvajJa zrI hemacandrAcArya navama janmazatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNa nidhi, ahamadAbAdaH prakAzana varSa 1994; mUlya bIsa rupaye mAtraH AkAra --DimAI pepara baika prastata patrikA eka prayojana ko lekara prakAzita ho rahI hai aura yaha prayojana hai aprakAzita jaina kRtiyoM ko prakAza meM laanaa| isI uddezya se isameM eka ora jaina sAhitya aura prAkRta bhASA sAhitya se sambandhita zodhaparaka lekhoM ko liyA jAtA hai to dUsarI ora aprakAzita kRtiyoM ko prakAzita kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra prastuta anusaMdhAna patrikA apane nAma kI yathArthatA prakaTa kara rahI hai| prastuta aMka meM muni zrI zIlacandrajI vijaya ke atirikta navInajI zAha, jayantakoThArI aura harivallabha bhayANI ke zodha lekhoM kA prakAzana huA hai| sAtha hI dharmasUri kRta bAragAsA, subhadrA satI catuSpadikA jaisI kRtiyoM ko prakAzita bhI kiyA gayA hai| ___ yaha eka prazaMsanIya prayAsa hai| isase aprakAzita aitihAsika jaina sAhitya ko logoM ke sammukha lAyA jA sakegA jisase na kevala jaina samAja apitu sampUrNa vidyA-premI lAbhAnvita hoNge| gujarAtI bhASA, lipi devanAgarI kA kalevara aura mudraNa AkarSaka hai|
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________________ jaina jagat prasiddha sAhityakAra, kavi, bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala ke mahAmantrI evaM "jaina-jagata" mAsika patrikA ke sampAdaka zrI candanamala "cAda" kA 2 sitambara 1994 ko Akasmika nidhana ho gyaa| Apake nidhana se jaina samAja kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai| ApakA janma 28 akTUbara 1936 ko rAjasthAna ke curU jilA sthita zrI DUMgaragaDha meM huA thaa| Apane jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu deza-videza kA bhramaNa kiyA thaa| Apako "samAja gaurava" evaM "marudhara vIra" upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA thaa| pArzvanAtha zodhapITha parivAra mRtaka AtmA kI zAnti ke lie prArthanA karatA hai| prasiddha samAja sevikA, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI kI vikhyAta lekhikA evaM zramaNopAsaka kI sampAdaka zrImatI DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata kA 24 maI, 1994 ko jayapura meM brena hemareja se nidhana ho gyaa| Apa jaina sAhitya ke mUrdhanya vidvAna (sva. ) DaoN. narendra jI bhAnAvata kI patnI thiiN| ApakA janma 6 mArca 1939 ko choTI sAdaDI meM huA thaa| ApakI lekhana evaM sampAdana meM prArambha se hI ruci rahI, isa kAraNa vibhinna sAhityika, sAmAjika patra-patrikAoM meM Apake nibandha evaM kahAniyA~ prakAzita hote rahe haiN| "hindI sAhitya kI pramukha kRtiyA~ aura kRtikAra" ApakA ullekhanIya samIkSA grantha hai| isake atirikta Apa aneka sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, zaikSiNika evaM dhArmika saMsthAoM se jur3I thiiN| Apake nidhana se na kevala jaina samAja apitu sampUrNa zikSA jagata evaM samAja sevA kSetra kI apUraNIya kSati huI hai| zodhapITha parivAra unake prati apanI gahana saMvedanA prakaTa karatA hai| udyogapati zrI neminAtha jaina, indaura gambhIra rUpa se asvastha pUjya sohana lAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha prabandha samiti ke adhyakSa, pramukha samAja sevI evaM prasiddha udyogapati zrI neminAtha jI brena hemareja ke AghAta se gambhIra rUpa se asvastha ho gaye the| prabandha samiti ke upAdhyakSa zrI naparAjajI jaina unake bImArI kA samAcAra sunate hI bambaI ke variSTha cikitsakoM ko lekara indaura phuNce| aba dhIre-dhIre Apake svAsthya meM sudhAra ho rahA hai| pArzvanAtha zodhapITha parivAra Apake zIghra svAsthya lAbha kI kAmanA karatA hai| 72
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jainajI kA amerikA prasthAna pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramalajI jaina amerikA meM raha rahe pravAsI jaina samAja ke AmantraNa para 30 agasta 1994 ko amerikA ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| Apa apane Der3ha mAha kI yAtrA ke daurAna amerika ke vAziMgaTana, nyUyArka, seNTa luIsa Adi nagaroM meM jainadharma ke vibhinna padoM para vyAkhyAna degeN| Apake 10 akTUbara taka vApasa lauTane kI sambhAvanA hai| DaoN. jitendra bI.zAha kA amerikAprasthAna zAradAbena cimanabhAI ejukezanala risarca senTara, ahamadAbAda ke nidezaka DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha ne amerikI jaina samAja ke AmantraNa para agasta ke dvitIya saptAha meM amerikA ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| ___ Apake 10 akTUbara taka vApasa Ane kI sambhAvanA hai| lagabhaga do mAha kI apanI amerikA yAtrA meM Apa amerikA ke kaI zaharoM meM jainadharma ke vividha pakSoM para vyAkhyAna degeN|
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________________ pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI prakAzana pracAra-yojanA jaina paramparA ke 23veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pavitra janmasthalI, vArANasI nagarI meM sthita pR. sohanalAla smAraka pArvanAtha zodhapITha jJAna aura sAdhanA kA pramukha kendra hai| yaha saMsthAna jainadharma-darzana, sAhitya, itihAsa aura saMskRti ke sambandha meM zodhAtmaka gatividhiyoM ke pAcInatama kendroM meM sabaka hai| gagthAna, pUjya sohanalAla smAraka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha samiti (paMjIkRta) pharIdAbAda dvArA saMcAlita nathA vizvavikhyAta kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI dvArA mAnyatA prApta hai| isake adhyakSa zrI neminAthajI jaina - presTIja phUDa, indaura, upAdhyakSa zrI nRparAjajI jaina, bambaI aura maMtrI zrI bhUpendranAtha jI jaina nyUkema limiTeDa, pharIdAbAda haiN| jaina paramparA ke prasiddha vidvAn pro. sAgaramala jI jaina ke kuzala nirdezana meM yahA~ kA zodhakArya, prakAzanakArya evaM anya akAdamIya gatividhiyA~ sucAru rUpa se cala rahI haiN| pArzvanAtha zodhapITha se aba taka pacAsa chAtra pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta kara cuke haiM aura lagabhaga 90 pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI hai jo jaina-paramparA ke zIrSastha vidvAnoM dvArA prakAzita evaM sampAdita ___ hamArA sAhitya jaina paramparA, dharma, darzana, AcAra, mUrtikalA, sthApatya kalA, sAhitya evaM saMskRti sabhI pakSoM para samyak prakAza DAlatA hai| sAhitya ko sarvasulabha banAne ke liye pustakoM kA mUlya kAphI kama rakhA gayA hai| phira bhI hamane apane sAhitya ko sulabhya banAne ke liye "AjIvana sAhitya sadasyatA" ke nAma se eka yojanA calA rakhI hai, jisake dvArA hama apane sabhI upalabdha prakAzanoM - jinakA mUlya lagabhaga sAta hajAra hai, ko tIna hajAra rupaye meM upalabdha karAte haiN| sAtha hI sAhitya sadasya ko bhaviSya meM prakAzita hone vAlI pustakeM bhI upalabdha hotI rhegii| yahA~ se prakAzita hone vAlI "zramaNa" traimAsika patrikA kI AjIvana sadasyatA kA zulka pA~ca sau rU hai| isakA vArSika candA pacAsa ru. hai| zodhapITha ke prakAzanoM kI vistRta sUcI hama sAtha meM bheja rahe haiM, svecchAnusAra pustakeM ma~gavAkara lAbha utthaaveN| punazca jijJAsu evaM dharma-premI zrAvaka bhI apane upayoga yA sAdhuoM yA saMsthAnoM ko bheMTa dene ke liye pustakeM ma~gavAkara isa yojanA kA lAbha uThA sakate haiN| nivedaka (pro. sAgaramala jaina) nidezaka pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI
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________________ bhramaNa julAI-sitambara 1994 raji0 naM0 ela0 39 phona : 311462 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are designed to give your moulded product clean flawless lines. Fully tested to give instant production the moulds are made of special alloy steel hard.chrome-plated for a better finish, Write to Get in touch with us for information on compression, injection or transfer moulds Send a drawing on a sample of your design If required we can undertake jobs right from the designing stage. Nuchem PLASTICS LTD. Engineering Division 2016, Mathura Road, Fandabad (Haryana) Edited Printed and Published by Prof. Sagar Mal Jain, Director, Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpeeth. Varanasi-221005