Sramana 1993 10

Author(s): Ashok Kumar Singh
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525016/1

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gumarA akTUbara-disambara 1663 varSa 88 aMka 10-12 ch

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pradhAna sampAdaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka saha-sampAdaka DA0 ziva prasAda DA0 azoka kumAra siMha varSa 44 akTUbara-disambara, 1993 aMka 10-12 prastuta praGka meM 1. jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM striyoM kA yogadAna -DA0 aruNa pratApa siMha 2. azoka ke abhilekhoM meM anekAntavAdI cintana : eka samIkSA--DA. aruNa pratApa siMha 3. hindU evaM jaina paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa : eka samIkSA--DA. aruNa pratApa siMha 4 prAcIna jaina graMthoM meM karmasiddhAMta kA vikAsakrama --DA0 azoka siMha 5. hindI jaina sAhitya kA vismRta bundelI kavi : devIdAsa --DaoN0 (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina 6 mUka sevikA--vijayAbahana -- zaradakumAra sAdhaka zodhaprabandhasAra 7 bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kA sAMskRtika adhyayana -DaoN0 mahendra pratApa siha 8 triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra : eka kalAparaka adhyayana -- DaoN0 zubhA pAThaka 9. kAzI ke ghATa : kalAtmaka evaM sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN. harizaMkara 10 pustaka samIkSA 11. jaina jagata vArSika zulka eka prati cAlIsa rupaye dasa rupaye yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki lekhaka ke vicAroM se sampAdaka athavA saMsthAna sahamata hoN|

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jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM striyoM kA yogadAna - DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha jaina paramparA ke viSaya meM yahA~ vistAra se likhanA punarukti mAtra hogii| saMkSepa meM jaina paramparA kI vizeSa prasiddhi tyAga, tapasyA, saMyama evaM nivRttimUlaka guNoM ke kAraNa hai| vaha vyakti meM una mAnavIya mUlyoM ke vikAsa kA prayAsa karatI hai jisase vyakti sacce arthoM meM manuSya bana ske| jaina paramparA sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sahiSNutA meM vizvAsa karatI hai| vItarAgatA kA bhAva jisa kisI meM bhI ho, usake lie vandanIya hai| isa prakAra yaha paramparA sarvadharmasamabhAva se anuprANita hai| isakA vizvAsa hai ki yadi vyakti apane antarnihita guNoM kA vikAsa kara le to vaha svayaM tIrthaMkara bana sakatA hai| tIrthaMkara AdhyAtmika guNoM ke vikAsa kI sarvocca avasthA hai| itanI utkRSTa avadhAraNAoM se saMpRkta jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM strI-puruSa donoM kA prazasanIya yogadAna hai| phira bhI striyoM kA yogadAna to ati mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina granthoM kA avalokana karane se isa tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| aMga sAhitya meM isa bAta ke suspaSTa pramANa milate haiN| ina granthoM meM "bhikkhu vA-bhikkhuNI vA" tathA "niggaMntha vA nigganthI vA" kA udghoSa na kevala nArI kI mahattA ko maMDita karatA hai, apitu unake yogadAna ko bhI rekhAMkita karatA hai| ___ jaina paramparA ke AdarzoM evaM mAnyatAoM ko akSuNNa rakhane meM striyoM kI sArthaka bhUmikA thii| sUtrakRtAMgakAra ko yadyapi yaha kahane meM koI saMkoca nahIM hai ki striyA~ halAhala viSa tathA paMka ke samAna haiN| yaha puruSa pradhAna samAja kA hI duSpariNAma hai jahA~ hara vyaktigata yA sAmAjika burAI ko strI ke matthe mar3ha diyA jAtA hai, vAstava meM yaha eka bhayabhIta vyakti kA kathana hai jo AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mArga meM strI ko bAdhaka samajhatA hai| inhIM granthoM meM jo atyalpa udAharaNa prApta hai, unase spaSTa hai ki paMka striyA~ nahIM, puruSa bhI hai| vahI use patha-bhraSTa karanA cAhatA hai aura isakA prayAsa bhI karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM varNita rAjImatI evaM rathanemi kA udAharaNa isakA pramANa hai| rAjImatI bhojakula ke nareza ugrasena kI eka saMskArita putrI thI, jisakA vivAha zrIkRSNa ke bhrAtA ariSTanemi se honA nizcita huA thaa| ariSTanemi ke saMnyAsa grahaNa karane ke uparAnta rAjImatI ne apane manasAsvIkRta pati ke mArga kA anusaraNa kiyaa| rAjImatI kA vidhivata vivAha nahIM huA thA, vaha cAhatI to punarvivAha kara sakatI thI -- isake lie koI bhI naitika yA dhArmika avarodha nahIM thAH parantu sAre vaibhava evaM sAMsArika sukhoM ko tilAMjali dekara manasAsvIkRta pati ke mArga kA anusaraNa kara usane jisa tyAga kA paricaya diyA, yaha pUre bhAratIya sAhitya meM anupama hai, advitIya hai| saMnyAsa ke mArga meM bhI usakA AcaraNa spRhaNIya hai, vaMdanIya hai| ekadA ariSTanemi ke darzana ke lie jA

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jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM striyoM kA yogadAna rahI rAjImatI ke vastra varSA ke kAraNa bhIga jAte haiN| vahIM eka guphA meM vastra sukhA rahI rAjImatI ko nagna avasthA meM dekhakara rathanemi kA citta vicalita ho jAtA hai| ve vivAha kA prastAva karate haiN| rAjImatI jisa dRr3ha icchA zakti kA paricaya detI hai, vaha jaina paramparA kI amUlya dharohara hai| rAjImatI dhikkArate hue rathanemi se kahatI hai ki he rathanemi tU yadi sAkSAta indra bhI ho taba bhI maiM terA varaNa nahIM kara sakatI huuN| vaha unheM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kA nigraha karane tathA indriyoM ko vaza meM karane kA upadeza detI hai| usake dRr3ha caritra kA hI pariNAma thA ki rathanemi ko apanI bhUla kA ehasAsa hotA hai aura ve susthira citta hokara punaH tapa mArga kA avalambana grahaNa karate haiN| aisI ghaTanAoM kA atyadhika mahattva hotA hai| vyakti ke AcaraNa se hI kisI dharma yA paMtha kA pracAra-prasAra hotA hai tathA vaha logoM kI zraddhA kA kendra banatA hai| AcaraNa se hI sAMskRtika paramparA vikasita hotI hai, anyathA to vaha korA kitAbI jJAna banakara raha jaatii| rAjImatI kA AcaraNa eka aisA Adarza hai jo kaI zatAbdiyoM ke bAda Aja bhI hameM prerita kara rahA hai| - jaina paramparA evaM AdarzoM ko akSuNNa rakhane meM striyoM kA anupama yoga thaa| saMgha meM praveza lene ke samaya patnI evaM mAtA kI anumati Avazyaka thii| yadi ve apane putroM-patiyoM ko saharSa anumati na detIM to jaina saMgha meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kI itanI adhika saMkhyA na hotii| apane ekamAtra putra taka ko ve bhikSu banAne meM koI avarodha nahIM banatI thIM -- yadi mAtA evaM patnI ke sneha ko taulane kA koI tarAjU hotA to usa para taula kara unake tyAga ke avadAna kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yuvatI kanyAoM kA pUrA bhaviSya sAmane mu~ha bAye khar3A rahatA thA, vRddha mAtAoM kA jarjara zarIra avarodhaka kA kAma kara sakatA thA, parantu ina yuvatI kanyAoM evaM vRddha mAtAoM ke samakSa jaina paramparA ke Adarza evaM mAnyatAe~ thIM jisake zanaiH-zanaiH vikAsa kA uttaradAyitva bhI unhIM ke kandhoM para thaa| nAriyoM ne apane gurutara dAyitva kA mUlyAMkana kiyaa| unhoMne apane sAMsArika sukhoM ke Age una AdarzoM evaM mAnyatAoM ko prazraya pradAna kiyA jo akSuNNa thIM tathA nirantara pravAhamAna thiiN| jaina dharma ke niyamoM se avagata zrAvaka-patniyoM ne parivAra kI paramparA ko akSuNNa rkhaa| ve svayaM dharma meM zraddhA rakhatI thIM tathA apane putroM evaM patiyoM ko protsAhana bhI detI thiiN| pati ke pratikUla hone para bhI usase avirakta na rahane vAlI patnI hI prazaMsanIya mAnI gaI thii| zrAvaka Ananda kI patnI zivAnandA kA aisA hI Adarza caritra upAsakadazAMga meM varNita hai| isI grantha meM culanIpitA kA ullekha hai| devopasarga se vicalita hone para isakI mAtA ne hI upadeza dekara dharma meM dRr3ha rahane ko protsAhita kiyaa| isI prakAra surAdeva kI patnI dhanyA' evaM cullazataka kI patnI bahulA kA varNana hai jinhoMne apane patiyoM kI devopasarga se rakSA kI tathA susthira mana se dharma meM dRr3ha rahane kA upadeza diyaa| ina striyoM kI apanI prazaMsanIya bhUmikA ke kAraNa hI sakaDAlaputra kI patnI agnimitrA ko dharma sahAyikA, dharmavaidyA, dharmAnurAgaraktA, samasukhaduHkha sahAyikA kahA gayA hai| culanIpitA kI mAtA ko deva evaM guru ke sadRza pUjanIya kahA gayA For Private &ersonal Use Only

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DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha hai|10 maryAdA kI rakSA hetu mAtAeM apane ekamAtra putra taka ko saMgha meM bhejane ko tatpara rahatI thiiN| jJAtAdharmakathA meM thAvaccAputra kA varNana hai jo apanI mAtA kA ekamAtra putra thaa| putra kA saMkalpa jAnane para usakI mAtA thAvaccA svayaM zrIkRSNa ke pAsa jAtI haiM aura unase chatra, mukuTa aura cAmara pradAna karane kA nivedana karatI haiM jisase ve apane putra kA abhiniSkramaNa saMskAra samyakarUpeNa kara skeN|1 isa taraha ke aneka udAharaNa jaina granthoM meM bhare par3e haiN| ina pramANoM se striyoM ke yogadAna kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainadharma ke caturvidha saMgha meM bhikSuNI-saMgha evaM zrAvikA saMgha kA apanA viziSTa mahattva hai| saMsAra tyAga kara tapa-tapasyA kA pathAnusaraNa karane vAlI bhikSuNiyoM evaM saMsAra meM rahakara ghara-gRhasthI kA bhAra saMcAlana karane vAlI zrAvikAoM ne jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM mahat yogadAna diyA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne saMgha ko sucAru rUpa se calAne ke lie niyamoM kI vyavasthA kii| sabhI prAcIna granthoM ke anuzIlana se spaSTa hai ki niyamoM ke pAlana ke sambandha meM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA gyaa| jaina bhikSuNiyA~ una niyamoM ke pAlana meM kasauTI para kharI utriiN| unake dvArA niyamoM kA ullaMghana kiyA gayA ho -- isakI koI spaSTa sUcanA granthoM se nahIM prApta hotii| sukumAlikA,kAlI Adi bhikSuNiyoM ke kucha udAharaNa avazya haiM, parantu ve apavAdasvarUpa haiN| jJAtAdharmakathA meM sukumAlikA kA jo vRttAnta diyA gayA hai, vaha mahAbhArata ke prasiddha nArI pAtra draupadI ke pUrvabhava se sambandhita hai| draupadI kA pA~ca patiyoM ke sAtha vivAha kA pUrva kAraNa kyA thA -- kathA ke mAdhyama se isa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| vastutaH yaha ghaTanA apavAdasvarUpa hI hai -- anyathA granthoM meM varNita prAyaH sabhI bhikSuNiyA~ tyAga-tapasyA kI jIvanta pratimAe~ dikhAyI par3atI haiN| ye bhikSuNiyAM dhyAna evaM svAdhyAya meM lIna rahakara cintana-manana kiyA karatI thiiN| antakRddazA meM yakSiNI AryA ke sAnnidhya meM padmAvatI'4 tathA candanA AryA ke sAnnidhya meM kAlI15 Adi bhikSuNiyoM ko gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra jJAtAdharmakathA16 meM suvratA, draupadI ko gyAraha aMgoM meM niSNAta batAyA gayA hai| jaina bhikSaNiyoM kI vidvattA ke pramANa hameM bauddha granthoM se bhI hote haiN| therI gAthA kI paramatthadIpanITIkA meM bhadrAkuNDalakezA tathA naMduttarA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jinhoMne kramazaH mahAna bauddha bhikSu sAriputra evaM mahAmaudgalyAyana ke sAtha zAstrArtha kiyA thaa| ye bhikSuNiyA~ tarkazAstra meM niSNAta thiiN| dhyAna evaM svAdhyAya ke kSetra meM hI nahIM, tapasyA ke kSetra meM bhI jaina bhikSuNiyA~ prazaMsA kI pAtra thiiN| antakRdazA meM bhikSuNI padmAvatI' dvArA upavAsa, belA, telA, colA, paMcolA se lekara pandraha-pandraha dina kI evaM mahIne-mahIne taka kI vividha prakAra kI tapasyAe~ karane ke ullekha haiN| isI grantha meM bhikSuNI kAlI ke tapasyA karane kA bhI varNana hai| ratnAvalI tapa karane ke pazcAt AryAkAlI kA zarIra maoNsa aura rakta se rahita ho gayA thA, unake zarIra kI dhamaniyA~ pratyakSa dikhAyI detI thIM, zarIra itanA kRza ho gayA thA ki uThate-baiThate unake zarIra se haDDiyoM kI AvAja utpanna hotI thii|20 For Private & Personal Use ou

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jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM striyoM kA yogadAna tapa svAdhyAya evaM dhyAna meM apanA sampUrNa jIvana vyatIta karane vAlI ina sAdhviyoM ne jaina dharma kI mahAna paramparA ko pallavita evaM puSpita kiyaa| ina sAdhviyoM ne jaina dharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM amUlya yogadAna diyaa| isakA kramabaddha itihAsa to nahIM likhA jA sakatA parantu yaha vicAra avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dharma ke prasAra meM unakA yogadAna kahIM se bhI nyUna nahIM thA / jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu bhikSuoM evaM AcAryoM ke sAtha ve bhI una pradezoM meM gaIM jo aparicita the evaM jahA~ jAnA kaSTa sAdhya thA / jainadharma ke prasAra evaM usakI paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane meM bhikSuNiyoM ke samAnaM zrAvikAoM kA bhI apratima yogadAna hai| zrAvaka zrAvikAoM ke yogadAna ke kAraNa hI inheM saMgha kA viziSTa aMga banAyA gayA / dharmarUpI ratha ke do cakroM kI kalpanA kI gaI jisameM eka cakra ko bhikSu - bhikSuNiyoM se tathA dUsare cakra ko zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se sambandhita kiyA gayA / zrAvikAoM ne hI sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko dainika AvazyakatAoM kI cintA se mukta kiyaa| jainadharma ke vikAsa meM yaha unakA mahatI yogadAna thA / zrAvikAoM ke isa yogadAna ke abhAva meM dharma ratha kA cakra nissandeha sucAru rUpa se gati karane meM samartha nahIM thA / sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA AdhyAtmika jIvana zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke isa yogadAna kA atyanta RNI rhegaa| zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke isa yogadAna kI mahattA ko AcAryoM ne bhI svIkAra kiyA / uttarAdhyayana meM gRhasthoM ko bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM kA mAtA-pitA batAyA gayA hai| jaina granthoM meM bhikSuoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke madhya sambandhoM ko vistAra se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| bhikSuoM ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve kisI zrAvaka ke Upara bhAra na bneN| jaise bhramara pratyeka phUloM kA rasa grahaNa karatA hai aura unheM koI kaSTa nahIM pahu~cAtA usI prakAra bhikSuoM ko yaha sujhAva diyA gayA thA ki ve pratyeka zrAvaka parivAra para pUrNatayA avalambita na raheM / 21 bhikSuoM kA pratyeka zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se samparka jainadharma ke vikAsa meM mIla kA patthara sAbita huA / apane udgama sthala se bauddha dharma ke samAptaprAya evaM jaina dharma ke nirantara vikasita hone meM uparyukta kAraka ne mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI / zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM se jaina AcAryoM kA samparka nirantara banA rahA aura Aja bhI hai| isake viparIta bauddha dharma apane upAsaka - upAsikAoM se zanaiH-zanaiH kaTatA huA maThoM evaM caityoM taka sImita raha gayA / maThoM evaM caityoM ke vidhvaMsa hone para samAja meM unako pahacAnane vAlA bhI koI na rhaa| jabaki samAja kI UrjA zakti arthAt zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kA protsAhana jainadharma ko nirantara utsAhita kiye rahA 122 jainadharma ke vikAsa, prasAra evaM paramparA ko sthAyitva pradAna karane meM Upara hamane jina zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ke yogadAna kI carcA kI hai-- unameM zrAvikAoM kA yogadAna sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai / yadi jainadharma ke sabhI tIrthaMkaroM meM hama kevala mahAvIra kI hI aitihAsikatA ko svIkAra kareM to bhI hama yaha pAte haiM ki unake zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA 1,59,000 tathA zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA 3,18,000 thii| isI prakAra bhikSu bhikSuNI saMgha meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM kI saMkhyA bhikSuoM kI meM adhika hai| anya tIrthaMkaroM ke caturvidha saMghoM meM bhI bhikSuNiyoM evaM zrAvikAoM kI tulanA

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DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha saMkhyA puruSoM se adhika hai| saMkhyA kI yaha adhikatA saMgha meM unakI kriyAzIlatA ko darzAtA hai evaM tatpariNAmasvarUpa unake yogadAna ko rekhAMkita karatI hai| jaina saMgha meM ullikhita yaha saMkhyA kavi kI kalpanA-prasUta nahIM hai apitu suspaSTa pramANoM para AdhArita hai| purAtAttvika pramANa hameM bahulatA se nahIM prApta hote, parantu jo bhI prApta haiM unase uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa hama mathurA ke lekhoM kA adhyayana kreN| mathurA ke lekha kuSANa samrATa kaniSka evaM usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya ke haiN| kaniSka eka suprasiddha bauddha nareza ke rUpa meM mAnya hai| nizcaya hI jaina saMgha ke lie yaha bahuta anukUla paristhiti nahIM rahI hogii| isa sthiti meM bhI mathurA meM jaina mandiroM evaM caityoM ke nirmANa striyoM kI bahusaMkhyA meM sahabhAgitA hameM Azcarya meM DAla detI hai| striyA yahA~ jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu bahumUlya dAna karatI huI pradarzita haiN| inameM dhanI evaM ucca varga kI striyoM ke sAtha hI lohakAra23, raMgareja24, gaMdhika25, svarNakAra26, nartaka7 Adi kI putriyoM, patniyoM evaM putra-vadhuoM ke dAna kA bhI ullekha hai| gaNikAoM28 kA bhI nAmollekha hai jo apane anya sambandhiyoM ke sAtha eka mandira ke lie AyAgapaTTa evaM tAlAba ke nirmANa hetu dAna dete hue pradarzita hai| samAja ke pratyeka varga ke striyoM kI yaha sahabhAgitA jaina paramparA ke vikAsa meM unake svataH yogadAna ko sUcita karatI hai| binA kisI dabAva evaM rAjakIya AkarSaNa ke striyoM kA yaha avadAna jaina dharma ke prasAra meM unakI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ko spaSTa karatA hai| samAja ke ucca evaM nimna varga ke sAtha samAna samparka ne jainadharma ko akSuNNa banAye rakhA evaM usako nirantara gati pradAna kii| jainadharma paramparA ke vikAsa meM striyoM ke yogadAna sambandhI ye kucha uparyukta udAharaNa prAcIna granthoM se uddhRta haiN| kAlAntara meM jainadharma meM bhI puruSajyeSThadharma ko svIkAra kara liyA gayA -- phalasvarUpa samAja meM nArI kA sthAna gauNa hotA calA gayA aura unakI bhUmikA mhttvhiin| 21vIM zatAbdI ke Ane vAle samaya meM hameM samAja meM nArI kI sArthaka bhUmikA kI talAza karanI hai| isameM prAcIna sAhitya evaM abhilekha hamAre lie mArga darzaka siddha ho sakate haiN| hameM unakI pratiSThA evaM sammAna ke lie nayA kSetra sRjita nahIM karanA hai, apitu pahale se hI prApta unakI prazaMsanIya bhUmikA ko punapratiSThita karanA hai| pravaktA, prA. itihAsa vibhAga, zrI bajaraMga mahAvidyAlaya, dAdara Azrama sikandarapura, baliyA, (u.pra.) For Private Personal Use Only

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sandarbha 1. sUtrakRtAMga (Agama prakAzana samiti, rAjasthAna), 1682, 1/4/1/10-11; uttarAdhyayana (vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1672) gacchAcAra (Agama prakAzana samiti ), 70,84 uttarAdhyayana, 22/26 "jai si sveNa vesamaNo, lalieNa nlkuubro| tahA vi te na icchAmi, jai si sakkhaM purndro|| 4. vahI, 22/47/-46 upAsakadazAMga (Agama prakAzana samiti, rAjasthAna, 1982), pR.11 vahI, pR. 113 7. vahI, pR. 121 8. vahI, pR. 126 6. vahI, pR. 164 10. vahI, pR. 108 11. jJAtAdharma kathA (Agama prakAzana samiti, rAjasthAna), 1/5, pR. 162 12. vahI, 1/16 13. antakRddazA (zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA ), aSTama vrg| 14. vahI, paMcama varga, 15. vahI, aSTama varga 16. jJAtAdharmakathA, 1/16 17. therIgAthA, paramatthadIpanI TIkA, 46 18. vahI, 42 16. antakRddazA, paMcama varga 20. "taeNaM sA kAlI ajjA teNaM orAleNaM jAva dhamaNi saMtayA jAyA yA vi hotthaa| se jahA nAmae iMgAlasagaDI vA jAva suhuyahuyAsaNe iva bhAsarAsipalicchaNNa,taveNaM teeNaM tavateyasirIe aIva uvasobhemANI citttth| - vahI, aSTama varga 21. dazavaikAlika, 1/2-4; vistAra ke lie dekheM - jaina aura bauddha bhikSuNI saMgha ( pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1686), pR. 32-60 "It is evident that the lay part of the community were not regarded as outsiders, as seem to have been the case in early Buddhism; their position was, from the beginning, well defined by religious duties and privilages. The bond which united them to the order of monks was an effective one . It can not be

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DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha doubted that this close union between laymen and monks brought about by the similarity of their religious duties differing not in kind but in degree enabled Jainism to eavoid fundamental changes within and to resist dangers from without for more them two thousand years, while Buddhism, being less exacting as regards the laymen underwent the most extrordinary evolutions and finally disappeared altogether in the country of its origin". - Jacobi, H.; Jainism, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethicss, Vol. Vil, p. 470 23. List of Brahmi Inscriptions (Ed. H. Luders Berlini Indological Book House, Varanasi, 1972 ), 329, 53, 54. 24. [bld, 32. 25. bid, 37, 68, 76. 26. bid, 95. 27. |bid, 100. 28. bid, 102. pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke mantrI zrI bhUpendranAthajI jaina sammAnita rASTrIya andha saMgha, bhArata dvArA andhoM ke kalyANArtha kI gaI viziSTa sevAoM ke upalakSa meM rustama meravAnajI alpAIkallA smRti puraskAra 1993 pUjya sohanalAla smAraka, pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke mantrI, prasiddha udyogapati evaM samAja sevI zrI bhUpendra nAtha jaina, pharIdAbAda ko pradAna kiyA gayA hai| Apako yaha puraskAra rASTrIya andha samudAya kI hariyANA zAkhA ke adhyakSa ke rUpa meM kI gaI viziSTa sevAoM ke upalakSa meM pradAna kiyA gayA hai| Apane hariyANA meM andhoM ke kalyANa hetu sarAhanIya kArya kiyaa| Apake mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga se 'grAmINa punarvAsa yojanA', brela sahAyatA baiMka, TelIphona ApareTarsa TreniMga korsa, ekIkRta zikSA kAryakrama Adi andha-kalyANa ke aneka mahattvapUrNa kAryakrama saphalatA pUrvaka sampanna kiye gye| - - For Private & Person Use Only

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azoka ke abhilekhoM meM anekAntavAdI cintana : eka samIkSA __ - DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha bhArata ke aitihAsika sAmrAjyoM meM vizAlatama maurya sAmrAjya ke saMsthApakoM cANakya aura candragupta evaM usake gaurava meM abhivRddhi karane vAle mahAna azoka ke nAmoM se prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya paricita haiN| vizva ke sabhI prasiddha samrAToM kA mUlyAMkana karate hue itihAsakAra eca.jI. velsa ne azoka kI gaNanA sabase dedIpyamAna tAre ke rUpa meM kI hai| azoka apane pitAmaha candragupta kI bhA~ti durdharSa sAmrAjyavAdI thaa| isa uddezya se prerita hokara usane apane rAjyAbhiSeka ke AThaveM varSa vartamAna ur3IsA meM sthita kaliMga para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyaa| yuddha kI bhayaMkaratA evaM anaginata dhana-jana kI kSati se azoka kA hRdaya dravIbhUta ho utthaa| yaha na kevala azoka ke itihAsa kI apitu sampUrNa bhArata ke itihAsa kI krAntikArI ghaTanA thii| yuddha ke pUrva kA caNDAzoka aba dharmAzoka meM pUrNatayA parivartita ho gayA thaa| azoka ke sAmrAjya meM usake terahaveM zilAlekha ke anusAra aba bherIghoSa ke sthAna para dhammaghoSa kA ninAda sunAyI par3ane lgaa| isa dhammaghoSa kA ninAda janatA ko sunAne ke lie azoka ne aphagAnistAna se lekara baMgAla taka evaM nepAla se lekara maisUra taka apane sampUrNa sAmrAjya meM abhilekhoM ko utkIrNa kraayaa| ina abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se azoka kI mahAnatA kA darzana hotA hai| vaha apane sAmrAjya meM vaicArika tathA dhArmika sahiSNutA kI sthApanA ke lie kitanA Atura hai -- yaha usake abhilekhoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hai| - abhilekhoM meM utkIrNa azoka ke mahAna vicAra spaSTataH tatkAlIna pracalita sabhI dharmoM ke gambhIra anuzIlana ke uparAnta prasphuTita hue| yadyapi yaha niSkarSa sthApita karane meM koI saMkoca nahIM ki vaha bauddhadharma se jyAdA anuprANita thA aura sambhavataH vaha apane zAsanakAla ke antima dinoM meM bauddhadharma kA upAsaka ho gayA thA jaisA ki usake bhAva abhilekha se spaSTa hai| bauddhadharma kA upAsaka hote hue bhI usane sabhI pracalita dharmoM ko pUrNa sammAna pradAna kiyaa| abhilekhoM meM varNita usakA dhamma kevala bauddhadharma kI sampadA nahIM, apitu sabhI dharmoM kI sAmUhika thAtI hai| vaha jainadharma se vizeSa paricita pratIta hotA hai| usake kaI abhilekhoM meM niggaNThoM (nirgantha-jainadharma) kA sammAnapUrNa ullekha huA hai| usakA dhamma jainadharma ke siddhAntoM se itanA adhika prabhAvita hai ki azoka ke abhilekhoM kA adhyayana karane vAle prasiddha vidvAna eDavarDa TAmasa ne to yaha mata vyakta kiyA thA ki azoka pahale jaina thA aura bAda meM bauddha ho gyaa| ina sandarbho se spaSTa hai ki azoka apane samaya meM pracalita sabhI paMthoM se paricita thaa| isI prakAra vaha apane abhilekhoM meM AjIvikoM evaM brAhamaNa (vaidika) dharma kA ullekha karatA hai| kahane kA sArAMza yaha hai ki usake dhamma meM sabhI dharmoM (vicAroM) kI anugUMja sunAI par3atI hai| sabhI vicAroM ko yathocita sammAna pradAna karanA hI anekAntavAda hai| anekAntavAda kA For Buate & Personal Use Only

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azoka ke abhilekhoM meM anekAntavAdI cintana : eka samIkSA siddhAnta vizva ko jainadharma kI viziSTa dena hai / yaha siddhAnta vyakti ko yaha zikSA detA hai ki vaha sabhI dharmoM ke prati Adara evaM sammAna kA bhAva rakhe tathA dUsare dharmoM ke prati anAdara yA upekSA kA bhAva na rkheN| isa avadhAraNA ke anusAra satya sarvatra hai / kevala apane hI vicAroM ko satya mAna lenA Agraha utpanna karatA hai jo sAre vivAdoM kA mUla kAraNa hotA hai / anekAntavAda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra vastu ke ananta dharma yA guNa hote haiN| cU~ki manuSya kA jJAna sImita evaM sApekSa hotA hai ataH vaha eka samaya meM vastu ke eka hI guNa kA jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| yaha AMzika satya hotA hai, sampUrNa satya nahIM / jaba vyakti isI AMzika satya ko sampUrNa satya mAna baiThatA hai tabhI AgrahavAda paidA hotA hai| sAmAjika, dhArmika yA rAjanItika jIvana meM jo matabheda pAyA jAtA hai, usakA bhI kAraNa yahI hai ki pratyeka mata apane hI dRSTikoNa ko ThIka mAnatA hai| aura dUsare dRSTikoNa ko mithyA batalAkara usakI ghora upekSA karatA hai / anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa vikasita hone para vyakti na kevala apane mata ke satya kA apitu dUsare mata ke satya kA bhI sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai, phalasvarUpa matabheda kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI / aba yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki anekAntavAda ke isa siddhAnta se samrATa azoka kahA~ taka prabhAvita thA ? isakA spaSTa uttara hA~ yA nahIM meM to nahIM diyA jA sakatA, para usake abhilekhoM kA anuzIlana kara isakI sambhAvanAoM para vicAra avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki azoka kevala upadezaka mAtra hI nahIM thA, apitu svayaM usakA pAlana karane vAlA mahAna zAsaka thaa| usake kathana aura kArya meM koI vibhAjaka rekhA khIMcanA sambhava nahIM / azoka bauddhamatAvalambI avazya thA, para vaha kabhI bhI isase andhAnurakta nahIM thA / usake rAjyakAla meM bauddhetara matAvalambiyoM kI koI avahelanA huI ho yA unake prati koI asammAna pradarzita kiyA gayA ho isakA koI pramANa prApta nahIM hotA / azoka anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa kA paricaya dete hue sabhI dharmoM (matoM ) kI unnati ke lie prayatnazIla dIkha par3atA hai / azoka ke kAla meM bhI vibhinna dharmoM meM pArasparika matavaibhinnya thA / usa samaya bauddhadharma ke atirikta jainadharma (niggantha), brAhmaNadharma ( mAhaNa) evaM AjIvika mata kA prAdhAnya thA jaisA ki usake abhilekhoM se spaSTa hai| ina vibhinna matoM meM vaicArika matabheda honA sahaja evaM svAbhAvika thA, parantu ina sabhI matoM meM kucha bAteM aisI avazya thIM jo sabako sahaja svIkArya thIM / azoka isa tathya se paricita hai| isake ina vicAroM kI abhivyakti usake saptama zilA - abhilekha meM huI hai / isa abhilekha meM azoka yaha icchA prakaTa karatA hai ki usake sAmrAjya meM sabhI dharma vAle rheN| kyoMki sabhI dharma vAle saMyama aura bhAvazuddhi cAhate haiM / azoka ina matoM ke bhinna-bhinna (ucca-nIca ) vicAroM se bhI paricita hai| vaha ucca-nIca bhAvoM ko gauNa mAnatA hai| azoka vaicArika sahiSNutA kA paricaya dete hue sabhI ke lie svIkArya mata ko hI apane dhamma kA aMga banAtA hai| azoka ke chaTheM stambha lekha meM bhI isI tathya kA dyotana hai jisameM sabhI sampradAyoM ko samAna rUpa se mahattva dene kA ullekha hai / azoka yaha spaSTa ghoSaNA karatA hai ki sabhI sampradAya (dharma) vividha prakAra kI pUjAoM se mere dvArA pUjita haiM / 4 aba yaha nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai ki azoka ke hRdaya meM kabhI bhI kisI mata ke prati asammAna kA bhAva nahIM rahA / --

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DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha yahI nahIM, cAhe dAna dene kA prasaMga ho yA usake dvArA niyukta dharmamahAmAtroM ke kartavyoM kA sandarbha ho, azoka kisI vizeSa mata ke prati pakSapAta kA bhAva nahIM rkhtaa| azoka ke tRtIya evaM caturtha zilAlekha meM dAna dene kA prasaMga hai| isameM vaha brAhmaNoM evaM zramaNoM meM koI bheda nahIM krtaa| donoM ko sAtha-sAtha dAna dene kA ullekha karatA hai| sabhI dharmoM kI unnati ke lie hI azoka ne dharmamahAmAtroM kA nayA pada sRjana kiyA thaa| ye dharmamahAmAtra kevala bauddhadharma kI unnati kI dekha-rekha ke lie nahIM the, apitu sabhI dharmoM kI samyak unnati ke lie niyukta kiye gaye . the| apane paMcama zilAlekha meM azoka isa tathya kA spaSTatA ke sAtha ullekha karatA hai| anekAntavAda ke mahAna vicAra se prabhAvita azoka dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM vaicArika sadabhAva ke lie satat prayatnazIla rhaa| apane bArahaveM zilAlekha meM vaha vistAra se isakA upAya bhI batAtA hai| azoka ke anusAra sabhI matoM (sampradAyoM) ke dharma ke sAra (tattva) kI vRddhi ke. sAtha (sAravaThI) isakA prArambha kiyA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna dharmoM ke sAra kI vRddhi kaise hogii| yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai aura isakA samAdhAna bhI Avazyaka hai| azoka vibhinna dharmoM ke madhya sAra kI vRddhi ke lie jo sabase Avazyaka cIja mAnatA hai, vaha vacana para niyantraNa (vacagutI) hai| usake anusAra yaha mUla kAraNa hai (tasa tu idaM muulN)|deg azoka isa bAta ko acchI taraha jAnatA thA ki vANI para lagAma diye binA dhArmika sadbhAva kI bAta nirarthaka hai| vANI para niyantraNa tabhI sambhava hai jaba hama apane vicAra yA bhAvanA ko bahuAyAmI banAveM arthAt anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa ko vikasita kreN| isa prakAra kA dRSTikoNa vikasita hone para hI vyakti virodhI vicAradhArA ko bhI yathocita sammAna pradAna kara sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha usameM bhI satya kA aMza dekhatA hai| ekAntika dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa vyakti apanI vicAradhArA ko sarvotkRSTa mAnatA hai tathA dUsare ke vicAroM ko heya dRSTi se dekhatA hai| azoka isa para bala detA hai ki loga kevala apane sampradAya (dharma) kI prazaMsA evaM dUsare sampradAya kI nindA na kreN| jo vyakti kevala apane sampradAya kI prazaMsA evaM dUsare sampradAya ( mata) kI AlocanA karatA hai, azoka ke anusAra vaha apane hI sampradAya kI hAni karatA hai| azoka kA yaha kathana yathArthataH satya hai| apane hI mata taka sImita raha jAne ke kAraNa vyakti kI buddhi kuMThita ho jAtI hai tathA vaha dUsare mata ke satya ko svIkAra karane se inkAra kara detA hai| vaha mithyAjJAna se yukta ho jAtA hai| ekAnta yA Agraha buddhi ke kAraNa vaha na to apane mata ke hI vividha pakSoM ke satya ko apanA pAtA hai aura na hI dUsare ke mata ke satya ko| "vastutaH pakSAgraha kI dhAraNA se vivAda kA janma hotA hai| vyakti jaba sva-mata kI prazaMsA aura dUsaroM kI nindA karatA hai, to pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika jIvana meM saMgharSa kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| vaicArika Agraha na kevala vaiyaktika naitika vikAsa ko kuNThita karatA hai, varan sAmAjika jIvana meM vigraha, viSAda aura vaimanasya ke bIja bo detA hai|"10 vaha andhoM ke samAna hAthI ke ... vividha aMgoM ko hI sampUrNa hAthI samajhane lagatA hai| isa vaicArika anAgraha se samAja meM jisa viSa yA vigraha kA janma hotA hai -- spaSTataH azoka samrATa ke rUpa meM bhalI-bhA~ti paricita thaa| For PTO & Personal Use Only

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azoka ke abhilekhoM meM anekAntavAdI cintana : eka samIkSA azoka ke kAla (tRtIya zatAbdI IsApUrva) meM sambhavataH vibhinna matavAda pracalita the| bhaga azoka ke hI samakAlIna sampAdita hone vAle jainagrantha sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM vibhinna matoM ko vistAra se carcA hai| vahA~ bhI azoka ke abhilekha kI hI zailI meM uparyukta bAta kahI gaI hai ki jo apane mata kI prazaMsA evaM dUsare mata kI nindA karate haiM, ve ekAntavAdI haiM, satya se bhaTake hue haiN| sUtrakRtAMga evaM azoka ke abhilekha -- donoM ke bhAva eka haiN| spaSTa hai ki samrATa ke rUpa meM azoka kA pramukha karttavya ina vibhinna mata-matAntaroM ke madhya sauhArda ko sthApita karanA thaa| isI kAraNa vaha dharma ke yathArtha sAra kI vRddhi ke lie prayatnazIla thA sabhI dharmoM (matoM) meM acchI bAteM ho sakatI haiM aura hotI haiN| hameM anekAntavAdI dRSTi se usako vikasita karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| yaha kArya asambhava nahIM hai| isa samasyA kA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue azoka "samavAya" zabda kA prayoga karatA hai| samavAya (saM + ava + i) kA zAbdika artha hai samyak prakAra se clnaa| isake artha kA vistAra dete hue azoka batAtA hai ki sabhI ko eka-dUsare ke dharmoM ko sunanA aura sunAnA cAhie (anamaMtrasa dhama suNAru ca suMsusera c)|12 isameM sandeha nahIM ki eka-dUsare ke dharmoM ko sunane se pratyeka dharma kI acchI bAtoM kA jJAna hogA phalasvarUpa ekAntika Agraha kA bhAva miTa jaayegaa| Agraha kA bhAva na rahane para loga dUsare mata ke satya ko bhI sahaja svIkAra kreNge| isa anekAntavAdI dRSTi ke vikasita hone para samAja meM svayaM sauhArda kI sthApanA kA mArga prazasta hogaa| __ isa anAgrahI dRSTikoNa ko vikasita karane ke lie Avazyaka hai ki loga bahuzruta bneN|13 bahuzruta se tAtparya hai sabhI dharmoM ke zAstroM kI samyak jaankaarii| ___ eka-dUsare ke pratispardhI matoM ko sunane evaM unake granthoM kA adhyayana karane se nizcaya hI manuSya ke mithyAjJAna kA parihAra hogA aura vaha sabhI matoM ke satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane meM samartha hogaa| isa anAgrahI/anekAntavAdI dRSTi ke vikasita hone para usake pariNAma bhI sukhada evaM sundara hoNge| azoka isake pariNAma ke bAre meM batAtA hai ki isase svayaM ke dharma kI vRddhi hogI aura dharma kA dIpana hogaa| 4 jaisA ki spaSTa hai ki azoka mAtra korA upadezaka nahIM thaa| usake abhilekhoM meM prayukta vAkyoM evaM zabdoM ke aMzoM se isa tathya kI puSTi hotI hai ki vaha svayaM bhI bahuzruta thaa| usane bauddhadharma ke samAna hI jainadharma evaM anya paramparAoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA thA aura saba dharmoM ke nicor3a yA sAra ke rUpa meM apane dhamma kI prasthApanA kI thii| pro. DI. Ara. bhaNDArakara ne apanI prasiddha pustaka "azoka" meM isa sambhAvanA para saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA hai ki azoka jainadharma kI mUla bAtoM se kahA~ taka prabhAvita thaa| isake abhilekhoM meM prayukta Asinava, parissava, caMDiye, niThulie, kodhe, mAne, issA, anAlambho jIvAnaM avihiMsA bhUtAnAM, jIva, pANa, bhUta, jAta Adi pAribhASika zabda isa tathya ke pramANa haiM ki azoka ne jainadharma kI uttama bAtoM ko binA kisI saMkoca ke grahaNa kiyaa|" isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yadyapi azoka bauddhadharma kA utsAhI anuyAyI hai, para usameM abhI itanI udAratA thI ki jaina Adi anya dharmoM .

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DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha kA bhI adhyayana kare aura unakI aisI vizeSatAe~ apanA le jo use pasanda A jaaeN|" uparyukta varNana se spaSTa hai ki azoka kA abhilekha aura usameM varNita usakA dhamma anekAntavAdI avadhAraNA se pUrI taraha prabhAvita thaa| mUla, vacaguti, samavAya evaM bahusuta ke AdarzoM ke dvArA usane dhArmika sahiSNutA evaM sAmAjika sadbhAva kI jo parikalpanA kI hai, ve Aja bhI utane hI prAsaMgika haiM jinate Aja se 2300 varSa pUrva the| yaha kahanA atizayokti na hogI ki azoka ke anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA Aja aura bhI adhika hai| bhArata kI vartamAna dazA atyanta zocanIya aura dayanIya hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhArata meM jo vibhinna mata pracalita haiM aura unameM jo pArasparika kaTutA evaM vaimanasya hai usakA samAdhAna azoka ke rAste se hI sambhava hai / jisa anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa kA paricaya azoka ne abhilekhoM meM diyA hai, vaha prazaMsanIya evaM pAlanIya hai|" tIsarI sadI I. pU. kA yaha rAjarSi hameM jo bAta sikhAnA cAhatA hai, vaha yaha hai ki hameM saba dharmoM meM sAra dekhanA aura isa para AcaraNa karanA cAhie tathA ina dharmoM ke karmakANDoM aura siddhAntoM kI niSpakSa hokara tulanA karanI caahie| usakA yaha sandeza kitanA udAtta aura vizvAsotpAdaka hai aura Aja kI duniyA ke lie bhI yaha kitanA aparihArya hai| jarA socie ki agara hama isa parama prajJApana ke zabdoM kA zraddhA ke sAtha anusaraNa kareM aura na kevala hindUdharma aura islAma kA, balki IsAI dharma, jarathuSTrI (pArasI) dharma aura yahA~ taka ki mantra - tantra kA bhI adhyayana kareM to saMsAra Atmika aura bauddhika dRSTi se kitanA samRddha aura unnata ho jaayegaa|"15 pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa vibhAga, esa. bI. DigrI kAleja, sikandarapura, baliyA~ (u. pra. ) 12

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azoka ke abhilekhoM meM anekAntavAdI cintana : eka samIkSA sandarbha ___ 1. "aTha vaSA bhiSita SA devAnAMpiyaSa piyadaSine lAjine kaligyA vijitA" -- trayodaza __ abhilekha ( azoka ke abhilekha, saM.- rAjabalI pANDeya, jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa, vArANasI, saM. 2022) 2. azoka, pR. 65-66 (lekhaka - DI. Ara. bhaNDArakara, esa. canda eNDa kampanI li., naI dillI, 1989) 3. "devAnaM piyo piyadasi rAjA sarvata ichati save pAsaMDA vseyu| save te saMyama ca bhAvasudhiM ca ichati / jano tu ucAvacachaMdo ucAvaca rAgo" -- saptama abhilekha ___4. "sava pAsaMDA pi me pUjitA vividhAya pUjAyA" -- SaSTha stambha abhilekha 5. "bAmhaNa samaNAnaM sAdhu dAnaM" -- tRtIya abhilekha ____6. "ta mayA traidasavAsAbhisitena dhamamahAmAtA katA / te saba pASaMDesu vyApatA dhAmadhiSThAnAya" -- paMcama abhilekha 7. "sArabaDhI asa sabapAMsaDAnaM sArabar3hI tu bahuvidhA" -- dvAdaza abhilekha 8. vahI, 9. "AtpapAsaMDapUjA va para pAsaMDagarahA va no bhave aprakaraNamhi lahukA va asa tamhi tamhi prkrnne| pUjetayA tu evapara pAsaMDA tena tena prkrnnen| evaM karUM AtmapAsaMDaM ca vaDhayati pAsaMDasa ca upkroti| tadaMtrathA karoto AtmapASaMDa ca chaNati parapAsaMDasa ca pi apkroti| yo hi koci AtpapAsaMDaM pUjayati parapAsaMDaM va garahati savaM AtpapAsaMDabhatiyA kiMti AtpapAsaMDaM dIpayema iti so ca putra tatha karAto AtpapAsaMDa bADhataraM uphnaati| -- vahI 10. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 2, pR. 223 (lekhaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982) __ 11. "sayaM sayaM pasaMsaMtA garahaMtA paraM vaiM je u tattha viussaMti saMsAraM te viussiyA" -- sUtrakRtAMga, 1/1/2/23 (prakAzaka - zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara (rAjasthAna), 1982) __ 12. dvAdaza abhilekha __13. "savapAsaMDA bahusutA ca asukalANAgamA ca asu" -- vhii| ___14. "ayaM ca etasaphala ya AtpapAsaMDavaDhI ca hoti dhaMmasa ca dIpanA" -- vahI ___ 15. azoka, pR. 101 For Private 13ersonal Use Only

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hindU evaM jainaparamparA meM samAdhimaraNa : eka samIkSA - DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha - samAdhimaraNa jainadharma kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai jisakA tAtparya hai kramazaH AhAra- pAnI Adi tyAgakara zAntipUrvaka apane jIvana kA antimakAla vyatIta krnaa| aisA sAdhaka samabhAva meM sthita aura mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se bhI rahita hotA hai * yahI isa vrata kI pramukha viziSTatA hai / sAmAnyajana samAdhimaraNa se tAtparya AtmahatyA se lete haiM jo pUrNatayA bhramamUlaka hai| AtmahatyA meM mRtyu kI AkAMkSA hI sarvotkRSTa hotI hai, jabaki samAdhimaraNa mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se rahita hotA hai / AtmahatyA sadyaH jAta udvega kA pariNAma hai jabaki samAdhimaraNa suvicArita adhyavasAya kA / samAdhimaraNa ke prazna para hindUdharma aura jainadharma ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI AvazyakatA. hai| jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI jo vikasita avadhAraNA hai usakA hindU dharma meM nitAnta abhAva hai / samAdhimaraNa jainadharma kI eka suvicArita paramparA hai, jisake ullekha hameM na kevala jainasAhityika srotoM se apitu abhilekhIya sAkSyoM se bhI prApta hote haiN| hindUdharma meM sAdhanA meM rata sAdhakoM evaM tapasviyoM ke ullekha to bahuzaH prApta hote haiM, parantu mRtyu kI AkAMkSA se rahita jIvana ke antima kSaNoM ko vyatIta karane ke udAharaNa virala hI haiN| yadyapi dhArmika vizvAsoM ke anurUpa dehatyAga karane ke hameM aneka prakaraNa usameM prApta hote haiN| hindUdharma meM dhArmika dehatyAga hindU paramparA meM samAdhimaraNa ke nahIM, apitu dharmAnuzAsita dehatyAga ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| kAlAntara ke hindU dharmAcAryoM ne svarga (jise bhramavaza ve mokSa kahate the) kA sIdhA evaM sarala rAstA dhArmika vidhi se dehatyAga batAyA / isa paramparA ke vikAsa meM dharmasUtroM evaM purANoM ne vizeSa yogadAna diyA / padmapurANa (sRSTi. 60/65 ) ke anusAra jAne yA anajAne koI gaMgA meM maratA hai, to vaha marane para svarga evaM mokSa pAtA hai / isI prakAra skandapurANa ke anusAra jo pavitra sthala meM kisI prakAra prANa tyAga karatA hai, use AtmahatyA kA pApa nahIM lagatA aura vaha vA~chita phala pAtA hai / kUrmapurANa ne cAra prakAra kI AtmahatyAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai aura yaha AzvAsana diyA hai ki isase sahasroM varSoM taka svargaloka tathA uttama phaloM kI prApti hogI / AtmahatyA ke prakAra nimna haiM 1. sUkhe upaloM kI dhImI agni meM apane ko jalAnA, 2. gaMgA-yamunA ke saMgama meM DUba maranA, 3. gaMgA kI dhArA meM sira nIce kara jala pIte hue mara jAnA, 4. apane zarIra ke mAMsa ko kATa-kATa kara pakSiyoM ko denA / purANoM ke atirikta gaMgAvAkyAvalI, tIrtha cintAmaNi evaM sthalIsetu meM bhI prayAga meM isa vidhi se dehatyAga karane kI anumati dI gaI hai / yadyapi unhoMne yaha prazaMsanIya vyavasthA dI ki vRddha mAtA-pitA evaM yuvA patnI 1 --

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hindU evaM jainaparamparA meM samAdhimaraNa : eka samIkSA kA parityAga kara evaM baccoM ko unake bhAgya para chor3akara dehatyAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| tristhalIsetu meM dehatyAga ke pUrva kucha vyavasthAe~ dI gaI haiM jinakA anupAlana Avazyaka hai| dhArmika vidhi se dehatyAga karane vAle ko sarvaprathama prAyazcitta karanA caahie| usa dina use upavAsa karanA cAhie evaM likhita rUpa meM yaha saMkalpa karanA cAhie ki vaha isa vidhi se maranA cAhatA hai| use viSNu kA dhyAna karate hue jala meM praveza karanA caahie| agnipurANa (111/13 ) ke anusAra prayAga meM jo vyakti vaTa ke mUla meM yA saMgama para prANa tyAga karatA hai vaha viSNu ke nagara meM pahu~catA hai evaM kUrmapurANa ke anusAra aisA vyakti sabhI svarga lokoM kA atikramaNa kara rudraloka meM jAtA hai| jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA vaTa vRkSa yA dhArmika nadiyoM ke taToM para balapUrvaka dehatyAga karane ke ThIka viparIta hai| samAdhimaraNa kI prakriyA zAntamana se kramazaH sampanna kI jAtI hai| upAsakadazAMga meM samAdhimaraNa kI jo prakriyA dI gaI hai vaha isake artha ko samajhane meM sahAyaka siddha hogii| upAsaka Ananda sarvaprathama pA~ca aNuvrata, 3 guNavrata, 4 zikSAvrata -- kula 12 prakAra ke zrAvaka dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai| Ananda ina zrAvaka dharmoM kA pUre caudaha varSa taka zraddhA ke sAtha pAlana karatA hai| 15veM varSa meM chaH mAha bItane para apane sampUrNa vyApArika kAryoM se nivatta hokara evaM gRha kA uttaradAyitva bar3e putra ko sauMpa kara gyAraha upAsaka pratimAoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ina upAsaka pratimAoM ko pUrNa karane ke uparAnta hI vaha samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa karatA hai| samAdhimaraNa kI avadhAraNA ko pUrNa hRdayaMgama karane ke lie upAsaka pratimAoM ke svarUpa ko samajhanA anivArya hai| yahA~ pratimA kA zAbdika artha pratikRti na hokara pratijJA yA niyama lenA hai jisake anusAra sAdhaka apanI sAdhanA kA uttarottara vikAsa karatA huA sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Age bar3hatA hai| ina pratimAoM meM pratyeka pratimA kA apanA eka nizcita samaya hotA hai aura jaba vaha use pUrNa kara letA hai taba Age kI pratimA ko svIkAra karatA hai| sAdhaka svIkRta pratimA ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane ke sAtha-sAtha pichalI pratimAoM ke niyamoM kA bhI dRr3hatA ke sAtha pAlana karatA hai| pahalI darzana pratimA hai jisakA artha dRSTi yA zraddhA hai| sAdhaka isameM dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha apanI AtmA ke vikAsa ke lie prayatnazIla hotA hai| isa pratimA meM zaMkA yA anAsthA kA koI sthAna nahIM hotaa| dUsarI vrata pratimA hai jisameM vaha pA~ca aNuvratoM kA niraticAra pUrvaka pUrNa rUpa se pAlana karatA hai| tIsarI sAmAyika pratimA hai jisameM sAdhaka pratidina niyamataH tIna bAra sAmAyika karatA hai| samabhAva kI sAdhanA karatA hai| cauthe proSadha pratimA hai jisameM vaha aSTamI; caturdazI evaM parvatithiyoM para upavAsa pUrvaka vratArAdhanA karatA hai| pA~cavIM kAyotsarga pratimA hai jisameM vaha apane zarIra, vastra kA dhyAna chor3akara Atmacintana karatA hai| chaThI brahmacarya pratimA hai jisameM vaha brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| sAtavIM sacittAhAra varjana pratimA hai jisameM vaha For Private & Persoal Use Only

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DaoN. aruNa pratApa siMha sacitta AhAra arthAt jIvanayukta vanaspati Adi ke AhAra kA sarvathA tyAga kara detA hai / AThavIM svayaM Arambha varjana pratimA hai isameM vaha kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA yA pApAcaraNa nahIM karatA hai tathA navIM bhRtaka preSyArambha varjana pratimA hai jisameM sAdhaka na svayaM Arambha arthAt hiMsA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se karavAtA hai| dasavIM uddiSTa bhakta varjana pratimA hai jisameM vaha uddiSTa arthAt apane lie taiyAra kiye gaye bhojana kA parityAga kara detA hai| gyArahavIM evaM antima zramaNabhUta pratimA hai jisameM sAdhaka zramaNa yA sAdhu jaisA jIvana jItA hai, vaha bhikSu kI taraha veza evaM pAtra bhI rakhane lagatA hai / ina pratimAoM kA pAlana atyanta dRr3ha vyaktitva kA paricAyaka hai| isa tapazcaryA se Ananda kA zarIra sUkha gayA tathA zarIra meM itanI kSINatA A gaI ki ubharI huI nAr3iyA~ dIkhane lgii| 4 isa avasthA meM Ananda ke mAnasika bhAvoM ke manovaijJAnika adhyayana kI jarUrata hai / itanA kRza hone para bhI usake mana yA citta meM koI cintA yA udvega nahIM hai| isameM dharmonmukha utsAha hai ( utthAna ), kArya karane kI zakti hai (kamma), zArIrika zakti hai (bala), Antarika oja hai (vIrya), puruSocita parAkrama hai ( purisakkAra parakkama), dharma ke prati AsthA hai (zraddhA), sahiSNutA hai (dhRti), evaM mumukSubhAva (saMvega) hai| 8 prasannacitta evaM antaH zakti kI dRr3hatA ke sAtha yaha samAdhimaraNa kA saMkalpa letA hai| samIkSA samAdhimaraNa ke sambandha meM hindU evaM jainaparamparA meM spaSTa antara parilakSita hotA hai / hindU paramparA meM dhArmika AtmahatyA tAtkAlika evaM svarga-sukha ko prApta karane ke lie kI jAtI hai| dharmazAstroM evaM purANoM ne dehatyAga karane vAle puruSa ko sahasroM varSoM taka svarga-sukha bhogane kA sukhada AzvAsana diyA hai| nadiyoM ke taToM para prANoM kI Ahuti dene vAlA vyakti pahale se koI AdhyAtmika taiyArI nahIM kiye rahatA hai| use prAyazcitta Adi karane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, parantu yaha vidhAna prANotsarga ke dina hI rakhA gayA hai| isake ThIka viparIta jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kI eka lambI prakriyA hai / vaha pUrva taiyArI ke sAtha isa vrata ko svIkAra karatA hai jisameM mRtyu ke uparAnta svarga-sukha kA koI AzvAsana nahIM thA / aitihAsika dRSTikoNa se vyAkhyA karane para yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki hindUdharma kI apekSA jainadharma meM samAdhimaraNa kA svarUpa vikasita evaM suvicArita yadyapi prAcInatama vaidika prAcIna sAhitya meM kahIM bhI dhArmika vidhi se dehatyAga kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| kintu jainadharma ke prAcInatama grantha AcArAMga meM aisA ullekha hai / upAsakadazAMga meM Ananda kA kathAnaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya kA batAyA gayA hai| yahA~ kahA gayA hai ki mahAvIra ke vicaraNakAla meM hI Ananda ne samAdhimaraNa kA vrata liyA thA / " kintu aitihAsika samIkSA isa grantha ko paravartI siddha karatI hai| phira bhI yaha dUsarI-tIsarI zatI kA avazya hai / samAdhimaraNa sambandhI jaina abhilekhIya sAkSya 5vIM zatAbdI ke uparAnta prApta hote haiN| chaThI zatAbdI ke lekhoM meM hI sarvaprathama samAdhimaraNa ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| isake pUrva ke kisI

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hindU evaM jainaparamparA meM samAdhimaraNa : eka samIkSA abhilekha meM hameM samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha nahIM prApta hotA hai| yadyapi tamilanAr3a meM kucha guphAoM meM samAdhimaraNa prApta karane vAle vyaktiyoM ke brAhamI lipi meM mAtra nAma nirdeza hai| hindU paramparA meM bhI dhArmika dehatyAga aura AtmahatyA sambandhI kathAnaka bAda ke haiN| IsvI parva ke kisI bhI hindU sAhitya meM hameM aisI paramparA ke darzana nahIM hote| guptakAlIna evaM usake sadyaH pUrva ke sAhitya meM dhArmika vidhi se dehatyAga yA AtmahatyA ke ullekha milate haiM yaha kAla hI dhArmika karmakANDoM kA thA jaba usase sambandhita niyamoM-upaniyamoM ko atyanta vistRta rUpa pradAna kiyA gyaa| merI samajha se to yaha dhArmika vikRti kA kAla thaa| dharma ke mUla tattvoM kI avahelanA kara unake sthAna para sthUla pakSoM ko mahattva pradAna kiyA gyaa| yaha darbhAgya thA ki upaniSadoM evaM gItA evaM upaniSadoM ke tattvajJAna sambandhI una vAkyoM ko jinameM jJAnAgni dvArA sarva karmoM ke nAza kI bAta kahI gaI thI, kAlAntara ke hindU dharmAcAryoM ne atyanta hI sthUla rUpa se grahaNa kiyA aura karmoM ke nAza kI nahIM apitu zarIra ke hI nAza kI bAta socii| jainadharma ke sambandha meM yahI bAta satya hai| jainadharma ke AcAryoM ne saMvara evaM nirjarA ke dvArA karmoM ke nAza evaM unake Agamana ke dvAra ko niruddha karane kI avadhAraNA vikasita kiyaa| yadyapi yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki dhArmika unmAda se zarIra kA nAza antataH AtmA ke vikAsa ke mArga ko avaruddha karatA hai| zarIra hI vaha mAdhyama hai jisase AtmA kA vikAsa sambhava hai| usa mAdhyama ko hI naSTa kara mokSa prApti kI kalpanA karanA mRgamarIcikA ke samAna thii| hindU dharmAcAryoM ne dhArmika dehatyAga ko svarga yA mokSa kA hetu batAyA hai| parantu yaha siddhAnta prAcIna granthoM meM varNita mokSa kI avadhAraNA se mela nahIM khaataa| prAyaH sabhI vaidika grantha mokSa hetu ajJAna ke nAza kI carcA karate haiN| jJAna rUpI agni dvArA karmamaloM ko jalA dene ke uparAnta hI mokSa kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra jaina granthoM meM jo varNana hai, usase bhI yahI tathya spaSTa hotA hai| "samyaga-darzanacAritrANimokSamArga" kA udghoSa karane vAlI jainaparamparA meM mokSa prApti karane kA sAdhana to zarIra hI hai| zarIra ke mAdhyama se jJAna, darzana, cAritra tInoM kA samyak-rUpeNa pAlana karane vAlA pathika hI mokSa-patha kA anugAmI ho sakatA hai, anya koI nhiiN| samAdhimaraNa kA tAtparya dehotsarga nahIM hai apitu deha ke prati mamatva kA tyAga hai| jaba taka pUrNa nirmamatva nahIM AtA mukti asambhava hai| mAtra samAdhimaraNa kA vrata grahaNa kara lene se mukti nahIM hotI hai| - pravaktA, prAcIna itihAsa vibhAga, esa. bI. DigrI kAleja, sikandarapura, baliyA~ 17

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sandarbha 1. hama isake lie pUrNarUpa se 'dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 3, pR. 1331-36 bhArataratna pI. vI. kANe ke AbhArI haiN| pra.-- hindI samiti, rAjarSi puruSottamadAsa TaMDana hindI bhavana, lakhanaU, dvi. saM. 1975 / upAsakadazAMga, Agama prakAzana samiti, jaina sthAnaka, vyAvara (rAja.), 1980, pR. 63 3. "tae NaM se ANaMde samaNovAsae imeNaM emAruveNa urAleNaM, viuleNaM, payatteNaM paggahiyeNaM tavokammeNa sukke jAva (lukkhe, nimmaMse, aTUThicammAvaNaddhe kiDikiDiyAbhUe kise ) dhamaNisaMtae jAe", vahI, pR. 69 5. "taM atthi tA meM uThANe, kamme, bale, vIrie, purisakkAraparakkame, saddhA, dhiI, saMvega" -- vahI, pR. 70 6. "jAva ya me dhammAyariye, dhammovaesae, samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre jiNe suhatthI viharai" -- vahI, pR. 70

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama - DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha bhAratIya cintana meM karmasi Anta kA atimahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara bhArata kI sabhI dArzanika paramparAoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| jaina darzana meM karmasiddhAnta kA jo suvyavasthita evaM suvikasita rUpa prApta hotA hai vaha anyatra durlabha hai| zramaNa paramparA ke vizruta vidvAna padmabhUSaNa paM. dalasukha bhAI mAlavaNiyA kA yaha kathana atyanta prAsaMgika hai -- "karmavAda kI jaisI vistRta vyavasthA jainoM meM dRSTigocara hotI hai vaisI vistRta vyavasthA anyatra durlabha hai|"] karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa vastutaH vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM kI khoja meM hI huA hai| vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNoM kI vivecanA ke rUpa meM zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadacchA, puruSArtha Adi kA ullekha huA hai| kintu vicArakoM ko vizva-vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA karane vAle ye sabhI siddhAnta santoSa pradAna nahIM kara ske| prArambhika jaina granthoM meM (sUtrakRtAMga) bhI vizva-vaicitrya ke kAraNatA sambandhI ina vibhinna siddhAntoM kI samIkSA kI gaI aura ina siddhAntoM kI nihita akSamatA ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue zramaNa paramparA meM karmasiddhAnta kA AvirbhAva huaa| isa siddhAnta meM sarvaprathama yaha mAnA gayA ki vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM, vyakti kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUti aura sadasad pravRttiyoM meM usakI svAbhAvika ruci ke kAraNa vyakti ke apane hI pUrvakarma hote haiN| yaha mAnyatA nirgantha, bauddha aura AjIvika paramparA meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta rhii| nyAya- vaizeSika jaise prAcIna darzanoM ne bhI Izvara-kartRtva kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI vaiyaktika vibhinnatA ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM Izvara ke sthAna para adRSTa yA karma ko hI pradhAnatA dI hai| phira bhI yaha sunizcita hai ki zramaNa paramparAoM meM karmasiddhAnta ko jo pradhAnatA milI vaha IzvaravAdI paramparAoM meM sambhava nahIM thI kyoMki ve karma ke Upara Izvara kI sattA ko sthApita kara rahI thiiN| prAcIna bhArata kI zramaNa paramparAoM meM AjIvika paramparA vilupta ho cukI hai aura usakA koI sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hai ataH usameM karmasiddhAnta kisa rUpa meM thA yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai| bauddhoM ne yadyapi jagat- vaicitrya kI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM ko hI kAraNa mAnA hai phira bhI unakI dRSTi meM karma citta- santati kA hI pariNAma rhaa| ataH unhoMne karma ko caitasika hI mAnA jabaki nirgantha paramparA ne karma ke caitasika aura bhautika donoM hI pakSoM ko svIkAra kara eka suvyavasthita karmasiddhAnta kI vivecanA prastuta kii| prastuta nibandha meM hamArA vivecya jaina karma siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA na hokara mAtra itanA hI hai ki jaina paramparA meM yaha siddhAnta kramika rUpa meM kisa prakAra vikasita huaa| jaina-paramparA meM 19

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama karmasiddhAnta ke kramika vikAsa ke adhyayana kA AdhAra usakA Agama sAhitya hI ho sakatA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI AgamoM ke rUpa meM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| usameM bhI ardhamAgadhI Agama ke kucha grantha zaurasenI kI apekSA prAcIna haiN| karmasiddhAnta ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko ina granthoM ke kAla ke AdhAra para hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| isake alAvA koI dUsarA vikalpa nahIM hai| yadyapi jaina paramparAgata rUpa meM AgamoM ko aura vizeSa rUpase aMga-AgamoM ko artha ke rUpa meM mahAvIra kI aura zabda ke rUpa meM gaNadharoM kI racanA mAnate haiM kintu vidvatsamudAya aneka kAraNoM se sabhI AgamoM yahA~ taka ki sabhI aMga AgamoM ko bhI eka kAla kI racanA nahIM maantaa| ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya kA prAcInatama grantha AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha mAnA gayA hai| vidvAna ise lagabhaga I.pU. caturtha zatAbdI kI racanA mAnate haiN| isake samakAlIna athavA kiMcita paravartI granthoM meM sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana kA krama AtA hai| ye tInoM grantha I.pU. lagabhaga tIsarI zatAbdI kI racanA ke rUpa meM mAnya haiN| prastuta vivecana meM hama ina granthoM ko hI AdhAra banAkara carcA kreNge| zaurasenI Agama sAhitya meM kaSAya pAhuDa aura 'SaTpaNDAgama apekSAkRta prAcIna mAne jAte haiM kintu ye grantha kisI bhI sthiti meM IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke parva ke nahIM haiM kyoMki inameM karmasiddhAna apane suvyavasthita rUpa meM upalabdha hai| yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki pApitya paramparA ke AgamoM meM jinheM hama pUrvo ke rUpa meM jAnate haiM 'karmaprAbhUta nAmaka eka grantha thA jisase karma, prakRti Adi karma sAhitya ke svatantra granthoM kA vikAsa huaa| kintu karmasiddhAnta ke ye sabhI grantha vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM I.sana kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke bAda ke hI mAne gaye haiN| cU~ki hamArA udadezya karmasiddhAnta ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko dekhanA hai ataH ina granthoM ko vivecanA kA AdhAra na banAkara ardhamAgadhI Agama ke kucha prAcIna granthoM ko hI apanI vivecanA kA AdhAra bnaayeNge| AdhArAMga kI karmasiddhAnta sambandhI vibhinna avadhAraNAyeM sAmAnyatayA karmazabda kA artha prANI kI zArIrika athavA caitasika kriyA mAnA gayA hai| kintu karmasiddhAnta kI vyAkhyA meM isa zArIrika kriyA yA mAnasika kriyA ke kAraNa kI aura usake pariNAma kI vyAkhyA ko pramukhatA dI gayI ataH karma ke tIna aMga bane -- 1. kriyA kA preraka tattva 2. kriyA 3. kriyA kA pariNAma jahA~ bauddha paramparA ne kriyA ke preraka tattva ke rUpa meM caitasika vattiyoM ko hI vyAkhyAyita kiyA vahA~ jaina paramparA ne kriyA ke mUla meM rahI huI caitasika vRtti ke sAtha-sAtha usake pariNAma para bhI vicAra kiyaa| isa prakAra karma kI avadhAraNA ko eka vyApakatA pradAna kii| kisI kriyA ke mUla meM rahe hue caitasika bhAvadhArA ko pAribhASika dRSTi se bhAvakarma kI saMjJA dI gii| kintu koI bhI kriyA cAhe vaha caitasika ho yA daihika apane pariveza meM eka halacala avazya utpanna karatI hai| isI AdhAra para yaha mAnA gayA ki ina kriyAoM ke pariNAma svarUpa For Private &ZAlsonal Use Only

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha karmadravya AkarSita hotA hai aura AtmA ko bandhana meM DAla detA hai| jaina paramparA meM kisI kriyA-vizeSa ke dvArA jisa paudgalika dravya kA AtmA kI ora saMsaraNa hotA hai use dravya karma kahA jAtA hai| AcArAMga meM dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma jaise suspaSTa zabda kA prayoga hameM nahIM milatA kintu karma ke caitasika pakSa ke sAtha-sAtha hameM karmazarIra aura karmaraja' jaisI avadhAraNAyeM spaSTa rUpa se milatI haiN| vastutaH yahI karmazarIra aura karmaraja dravyakarma kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra bane haiN| AcArAMga spaSTa rUpa se karmaraja aura usake Asava kI bAta karatA hai / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki vaha karma ke bhautika pakSa yA dravyapakSa ko svIkAra karatA hai / ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma kI spaSTa avadhAraNA bhale hI nahIM rahI ho unake bIja ke rUpa meM karmaraja aura karmazarIra kI avadhAraNAyeM upalabdha thIM / AcArAMga meM anyatra 'jo guNa hai vahI Avarta haiM aura 'jo Avarta hai vahI kahakara sAMsArikatA ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM guNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yahA~ AcArAMgakAra kA guNoM se tAtparya prakRti ke tIna guNoM se hI rahA huA hai| ye guNa prAcIna sAMkhya darzana meM bhautika tattva ke rUpa meM svIkRta haiM aura unakI prakRti se ekAtmakatA pratipAdita kI gaI hai| ataH isase bhI yahI phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMgakAra ke samakSa karma kA paudgalika pakSa spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thA cAhe usa kAla taka dravya karma aura bhAva karma jaisI pAribhASika zabdAvalI kA vikAsa na huA ho / hai |5 yaha guNa karma ko saMsAra - paribhramaNa yA bandhana kA kAraNa mAnanA yaha siddhAnta bhI AcArAMga ke kAla taka spaSTa rUpa se astitva meM A cukA thA / AcArAMgakAra' spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahatA hai ki jo AtmA kI punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko svIkAra karatA hai vahI AtmavAdI hai, lokavAdI hai aura karmavAdI hai| isa prakAra AcArAMga kI dRSTi meM punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke spaSTa tIna phalita haiM-- AtmavAda, lokavAda aura karmavAdaM / punaH karmavAda bhI AtmA aura saMsAra kI sattA ko svIkAra kiye binA sambhava nahIM hai ataH karmavAda ke lie AtmA aura saMsAra kA astitva anivArya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM AcArAMga ke kAla meM karmavAda, punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha saMyojita kara liyA gayA thA / AcArAMga kI eka vizeSatA yaha bhI parilakSita hotI hai ki vaha karma ko hiMsA yA Arambha ke sAtha saMyojita karatA hai| usakI dRSTi meM karma yA kriyAyeM hiMsA ke sAtha jur3I huI haiM aura ve saMsAra ke paribhramaNa kA kAraNa haiN| isIlie usameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jo kriyA (Arambha ) ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA hai vaha saMsAra kI vividha jIvayoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai kintu jo karma yA hiMsA ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai vaha parijJAta karmA muni sAMsArika janma-maraNa ke cakra se Upara uThatA hai / isa kathana kA spaSTa tAtparya hai ki karma yA kriyA bandhana kA kAraNa hai| karma yA kriyA se Asava hotA hai aura vaha Asrava bandhana kA kAraNa banatA hai| isIlie AcArAMgakAra spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahatA hai ki jo bhI sAMsArika vividhatAyeM haiM ve karma se utpanna hotI haiN| AcArAMga meM aSTakarma prakRtiyoM kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| karma kI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra ko lekara bhI AcArAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se koI vistRta vivecana upalabdha nahIM hotA For Private 82ersonal Use Only

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama kintu AcArAMgakAra karma aura akarma tathA pApakarma aura puNya kI carcA avazya karatA hai| AcArAMga meM akammassa', nikkamadaMsI, zabdoM kA prayoga yaha batAtA hai ki AcArAMgakAra ke samakSa yaha avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se A gayI thI ki sabhI karma bandhaka nahIM hote haiN| puNya (shbh| aura pApa (azubha) karma ke sAtha-sAtha akarma kI yaha avadhAraNA hameM gItA meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| cAhe AcArAMga meM karma prakRtiyoM kI carcA na ho parantu karma-zarIra kI carcA hai. -- dhuNe . kammasarIraga11 kahakara do tathyoM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai -- eka to yaha ki karma se yA karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM se zarIra kI racanA hotI hai| usa zarIra ko tapa Adi ke mAdhyama se dhunanA sambhava hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga meM karma kI paudgalikatA, karmapudgaloM kA Asava aura usakA AtmA ke lie bandhana-kAraka honA -- ye avadhAraNAyeM spaSTa rUpa se astitva meM A gayI thiiN| isake sAtha hI karma se vimukti ke lie saMvara aura nirjarA kI avadhAraNAe~ spaSTa rUpa se upasthita thiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM AcArAMga meM karma, karmabandha, karmaAsava, karma-nirjarA ye zabda prApta hote haiN| karmabandha ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM AcArAMga meM mohahiMsA12 aura rAga-dveSa kI carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| usameM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki moha ke kAraNa hI prANI garbha aura maraNa ko prApta hotA hai| jo karma moha aura rAga-dveSa se niHsRta nahIM hai ve karma bhI yadi hiMsA yA parapIr3A ke sAtha jur3e hue haiM to bhI unase bandha hotA hI hai|14 AcArAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki guNa samitivAna apramAdI muni ke zarIra kA saMsparza pAkara bhI kucha prANI paritApa prApta karate haiN| muni ke isa prakAra ke karma dvArA use isa janma meM vedana karane yogya karma kA bandha hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki AcArAMgakAra kI dRSTi meM rAga-dveSa aura pramAda kI anupasthiti meM bhI yadi hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai to usase karma bandha to hotA hI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki AcArAMga meM IryApathika karma kI jo avadhAraNA vikasita huI hai usake bhI mUlabIja upasthita haiN| phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bandhana ke mithyAtva Adi pA~ca kAraNoM kI carcA, aSTakarma prakRtiyoM kI carcA, karma kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA AcArAMga ke kAla taka anupasthita rahI hogii| AcArAMga meM karmasiddhAnta ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha upalabdha hotA hai ki eka ora AcArAMgakAra kisI ke nimitta se hone vAlI hiMsA kI ghaTanA se hI apramatta muni ko isa janma meM vedanIya karma kA bandha mAnatA hai kintu vaha dUsarI ora isa siddhAnta kA spaSTa rUpa se pratipAdana karatA hai ki bAhya ghaTanAoM kA adhika mUlya nahIM hai| vaha spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahatA hai ki 'jo Asrava haiM ve hI parizrava haiM, arthAt karma nirjarA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte haiM jo parizrava arthAt ke karmanirjarA ke hetu haiM vahI Asava ke hetu bana jAte haiN| isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki kauna sA karma Asava ke rUpa meM aura kauna sA karma parizrava ke rUpa meM rUpAntarita hogA isakA AdhAra karma kA bAhya pakSa na hokara kartA kI manovRtti hI hogii| For Private & Ional Use Only

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha isa prakAra AcArAMga karmabandha aura karma nirjarA meM ghaTanA ke bAhya svarUpa ke sthAna para kartA ke manobhAvoM ko pradhAnatA detA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI karma sambandhI avadhAraNA : AcArAMga kI apekSA sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrRMtaskandha ko vidvAnoM ne kiMcita paravartI mAnA hai| karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki AcArAMga kI apekSA sUtrakRtAMga meM karma sambandhI avadhAraNAoM kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki prANI isa saMsAra meM apane-apane svakRta karmoM ke phala kA bhoga kiye binA unase mukta nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa sandarbha meM sUtrakRtAMgakAra kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki jo vyakti pUrva meM jaise karma karatA hai usI ke anusAra vaha bAda meM phala prApta karatA hai| vyakti kA jaisA karma hogA vaisA hI use phala prApta hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se isa bAta kA bhI pratipAdana hai ki vyakti apane hI kiye karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai| vyakti ke sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa usake svakRta karma haiM anya vyakti yA parakRta karma nhiiN|19 karmabandha ke kAraNoM kI carcA ke rUpa meM sUtrakRtAMga meM hameM do mahattvapUrNa ullekha prApta hote haiN| sUtrakRtAMga ke prArambha meM to parigraha yA Asakti ko hI hiMsA yA duSkarma kA ekamAtra kAraNa mAnA gayA hai|29 Age calakara prathama adhyayana ke dvitIya udadezakA meM yaha kahakara ki antaHkaraNa meM vyApta lobha, samasta prakAra kI mAyA, ahaMkAra ke vividha rUpa aura krodha kA parityAga karake hI jIva karmabandhana se mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga meM cAroM kaSAyoM ko bhI karmabandhana ke kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai| bandhana ke kAraNoM kI isa carcA meM sUtrakRtAMga meM prakArAntara se prANAti pAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna aura maithuna se avirati ko bhI karmabandhana kA kAraNa mAnA hai| isa prakAra cAhe spaSTa rUpa se nahIM parantu prakArAntara se usameM mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda aura kaSAya ko yoga ke sAtha bandhana kA kAraNa mAna liyA gayA hai| ataH bandhana ke jina pA~ca kAraNoM kI carcA paravartI sAhitya meM upalabdha hai usakA mUlabIja sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha hai| yahA~ smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki kaSayoM kI yaha carcA 'je kohaM daMssi se mANaM dassi' Adi ke rUpa meM AcArAMga meM A gayI hai| sUtrakRtAMga kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha ina kAraNoM se karmabandhana ko svIkAra karatA hai|23 karmasiddhAnta ke sandarbha meM sUtrakRtAMga isa bAta ko spaSTa rUpa se svIkAra karatA hai ki vyakti svakRta karmoM ke phala kA hI bhoktA hotA hai| vaha na to apane karmoM kA vipAka dUsaroM ko de sakatA hai na dUsaroM ke karmoM kA vipAka svayaM prApta kara sakatA hai| ____karma ke dravya aura bhAvapakSa kI ina nAmoM se carcA isameM nahIM milatI hai kintu karmaraja24 aura karma kA tvacA ke rUpa meM tyAga jaise ullekhoM meM spaSTa rUpa se hameM lagatA hai ki usameM karma ke dravya pakSa kI svIkRti rahI huI hai| punaH 'pranAda karma hai aura apramAda akarma hai yaha . kahakara sUtrakAra ne karma ke bhAvapakSa ko bhI spaSTataH svIkAra kara liyA hai| karma ke puNyapApa, karma aura akarma, karma ke aise tIna pakSoM kI carcA bhI sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha hotI hai| For Private Ega sonal Use Only

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama WisheriXHAchieve jahA~ taka karmaprakRtiyoM kI carcA kA prazna hai sUtrakRtAMga meM mAtra darzanAvaraNa27 kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM karmaprakRtiyoM kI carcA ke mUlabIja dhIre-dhIre prakaTa ho rahe the| karma ke IryApathika28 aura sAmparAyika29 ina do rUpoM kI carcA kA prazna akarma aura karma se jur3A huA hai kintu ina pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga hameM sarvaprathama sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM sAmparAyika aura dvitIya zrutaskandha meM teraha kriyAsthAnoM kI carcA ke sandarbha meM I-pathika kA ullekha AyA hai| karma kI dasa avasthAoM meM se hameM udaya30, udIraNA31 aura karmakSaya32 kI carcA milatI hai| karmanirjarA ke sambandha meM ullekha hai ki tapa ke dvArA karmakSaya sambhava hai aura sampUrNa karma kA kSaya ho jAne para parama siddhi prApta hotI hai|33 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI apekSA karmasiddhAnta kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| RSibhASita kI karmasambandhI avadhAraNAyeM : karmasiddhAnta ke isa kramika vikAsa kI carcA meM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA RSibhASita meM karmasiddhAnta paryApta rUpa se vikasita avasthA meM milatA hai| karma, akarma34 kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha zubhAzubha karma kI carcA 5 tathA zubhAzubha karmoM se atikramaNa36 kI carcA RSibhASita meM hI. sarvaprathama milatI hai| RSibhASita hI aisA grantha hai jisameM svarNa aura loha-ber3I kI upamA dekara37 puNya-pApa karma se atikramaNa kI carcA hai| sarvaprathama aSTakarma granthi38 kI carcA karane vAlA bhI yahI grantha hai| RSibhASita meM karma ke 5 AdAna yA kAraNa spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita haiN| isameM yadyapi karma kI dasa avasthAoM kI carcA nahIM hai phira bhI sopAdAna, nirAdAna, vipAkayukta upakramita aura anudita karmoM kA vivaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI upakramita, utkarita, baddha, spaSTa aura nidhatta karmoM ke saMkSepa evaM kSaya hone evaM nikAcita karmoM ke avazya hI bhogane kA ullekha hai| RSibhASita isa bAta para spaSTa rUpa se bala detA hai ki koI vyakti apane svakRta zubhAzubha karmoM kA hI phala bhogatA hai|42 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki RSibhASita ke kAla taka jaina karmasiddhAnta paryApta rUpa se vikasita avasthA ko prApta ho jAtA hai| bhale hI isameM aSTakarma prakRtiyoM ke alaga-alaga nAmoM kA ullekha na ho kintu aSTakarma granthi kA ullekha hone se yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki karmoM kI aSTamUla prakRtiyoM kI carcA usa yuga taka A cukI thii| yadi hama karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to aisA pratIta hotA he ki RSibhASita AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA paryApta rUpa se vikasita grantha hai| kintu kucha vidvAnoM ne ise AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA samakAlIna mAnA hai isa sandarbha meM eka vikalpa yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita mukhya rUpa se pApitya paramparA kA grantha rahA ho aura pArvApatya paramparA meM karmasiddhAnta kI vikasita carcA bhI upalabdha huI hai| kyoMki isa grantha meM karmasiddhAnta kA jo For Private & 24 onal Use Only

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DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha vikasita rUpa milatA hai vaha mukhyarUpa se isake 'pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM upalabdha hotA hai| sAtha hI karmasiddhAnta ke caitasika pakSa aura karmasantati kI vizeSa carcA usa grantha meM pAyI jAtI hai, vaha bhI mukhya rUpa se mahAkazyapa sAriputra, vajjiputra Adi bauddha RSiyoM ke upadezoM ke rUpa meM hI hai| isalie yaha sambhAvanA pUrI taraha se asatya nahIM ho sakatI ki pApitya paramparA meM mahAvIra kI apekSA eka vikasita karmasiddhAnta upalabdha thaa| uttarAdhyayana kI karmasambandhI avadhAraNA : aMga Agama sAhitya meM AcArAMga ke pazcAt sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura bhagavatI sUtra aise grantha haiM jinameM karmasiddhAnta kA vikasita rUpa upalabdha hotA hai| kintu vidvAnoM ke anusAra ina tInoM granthoM meM paravartIkAla kI sAmagrI ko antima vAcanA ke samaya saMkalita kara liyA gyaa| isalie karmasiddhAnta ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se ina granthoM kI carcA na kara uttarAdhyayana meM upalabdha karma sambandhI vivaraNoM kI carcA karanA caaheNgeN| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM 33veM adhyayana ko chor3akara anya adhyayanoM meM jo karmasiddhAnta sambandhI carcAyeM milatI haiM ve AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga kI apekSA kiMcita vikasita pratIta hotI hai| kintu unameM unhIM saba tathyoM kI carcA hai jo sUtrakRtAMga meM upalabdha hotI hai| karma kartA kA anusaraNa karatA hai|43 sabhI jIvoM ko apane karma ke anusAra phala bhoganA par3atA hai| kAmabhogoM kI lAlasA ke kAraNa karmaparamANuoM kA AtmA ke sAtha bandha hotA hai kintu jo rAgAdi bhAvoM se rahita hotA hai vaha bandha meM nahIM AtA hai|45 karma apane zubhAzubha adhyavasAyoM evaM vipAkoM ke anusAra puNya aura pApa rUpa hotA hai|46 ye carcAyeM aisI haiM jo prakArAntara se AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hai| uttarAdhyayana meM karma ko karma-granthi, karmakaMcuka, karmaraja, karmaguru, karmavana Adi kahane ke jo ullekha upalabdha hai| ve saba bhI hamAre samakSa navIna tathya prastuta nahIM karate haiN| uttarAdhyayana kA mAtra 33vA~ adhyAya aisA hai jisameM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita kI apekSA karmasiddhAnta ke vikasita rUpa milate haiN| isa adhyAya kI prAcInatA ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai phira bhI yaha adhyAya bhI I.pU. kA hI mAnA jAtA hai| RSibhASita meM jo aSTakarmagranthi kA ullekha AyA hai,48 isakI bhI vistRta vyAkhyA uttarAdhyayana meM upalabdha hai| Agama sAhitya meM aSTamUla prakRtiyoM aura unake avAntara bhedoM kI carcA karane vAlA yaha prathama grantha hai| sambhavataH uttarAdhyayana meM hI sarvaprathama aSTakarma prakRtiyoM ko ghAtI aura aghAtI karma meM vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isameM jJAnAvaraNIya kI 5, darzanAvaraNIya kI 9, vedanIya kI do, mohanIya kI do, AyuSya kI cAra, nAma karma kI do, gotra kI do aura antarAya karma kI pA~ca uttarakarma prakRtiyoM kA ullekha hai|49 uttara karmaprakRtiyoM ke vivaraNa kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki darzanAvaraNIya kI uttara prakRtiyoM ke krama meM Aja kI dRSTi se antara hai| vedanIya kI sAtA-asAtA meM se donoM ke aneka bheda batAye gaye haiN| mohanIya karma ke darzana evaM cAritra mohanIya do bhedoM meM cAritra mohanIya ke upabheda nokaSAya mohanIya ke sAta yA 9 bheda batAye gaye haiN| nAma karma ke pahale zubha aura azubha bheda kiye gaye phira ina donoM ke aneka bhedoM kI sUcanA dI gii| gotra karma ke donoM bhedoM ucca aura nIca ke ATha-ATha bheda batAye gaye haiN| For Private 26ersonal Use Only

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prAcIna jainagranthoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsakrama isameM mUla prakRtiyoM aura uttaraprakRtiyoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt pradezoM kA parimANa, unakA kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA nirUpaNa hai / isameM karma kI mUlaprakRtiyoM ke adhikatama aura nyUnatama sthiti kI carcA hai| ina karmaprakRtiyoM kI kAlAvadhi ke sambandha meM eka mahattvapUrNa carcA yaha hai ki vedanIya karma kI jaghanya sthiti eka antarmuhUrta 51 kI batAyI gayI hai vahA~ anyatra 12 antarmuhurta batAyI gayI hai| isameM AtmA ke dvArA karmapudgaloM ke grahaNa karane aura unakI saMkhyA kA vivaraNa bhagavatI meM vistAra se milatI hai yahA~ kevala eka hI gAthA meM 52 isakA varNana hai| ataH hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana meM 33veM adhyayana meM yadyapi . karmasiddhAnta kA vyavasthita vivaraNa hai phira bhI paravartI sAhitya meM aura bhI vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai| udAharaNa ke lie isameM nAmakarma kI do zubha aura azubha karma kI do hI uttaraprakRtiyoM kA ullekha hai. jabaki Age calakara isake 42, 67, 93 evaM 103 bhedoM kI carcA milatI hai| isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki uttarAdhyayana ke pazcAt bhI jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa hotA gayA / For Private 26 ersonal Use Only

Page #29
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. sandarbha mAlavaNiyA, dalasukha bhAI, 'AtmamImAMsA' - jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maNDala, vArANasI, pR. 951 zvetAzvatara upaniSad muNI moNaM samAdAya dhuNe kammasarIraMga 1/2/6/163 AcArAMga - aMgasuttANi prathama, muni nathamala jaina vizvabhAratI lADanU, prathama saM. 1974 1 DA. jaina, parameSThIdAsa, AcArAMga sUtra eka adhyayana, pA. vi. zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI - 5, prathama saM. 1987, pR. 130 ! je guNe se AvaTTe, je AvaTTe se guNe 1/1/5/93 AcArAMga vahI vahI se AyAvAI, logAvAi, kambhAvAI, kiriyAvAI 1/1/5 vahI apariNAya kamme khalu ayaM purise... aNegaruvAo joNIo saMghai / 1/1/1/8 evaM se hu muNI pariNAya kamma, 1/1/1/12 vahI, kammuNA uvAhI jAyai, 1/3/1/8/9 8. 9. vahI, akammassa, 1/3/1/18 10. vahI, NikkamadaMsI, 1/3/2/35 11. vahI sandarbha 3 12. kammamUlaM ca jaM kUNa, 1/1/3/21 kAmesugiddhANicayaM karoti, 1/1/3/31 13. moheNa gabbhaM maraNAi eti, 1/5/1/7 14. egayA guNa samiyassa rIyato kAyasaMphAsa samaNuciNsasA egatiyA pANA udadAyaMti / ihaloga- veyaNa vejjAvaDiyaM / / 1/5/4/71-72 15. je AsavA te parissavA, je parissavA te AsavA, 1/4/2/134 16. sayameva kaDehiM gAhaMti, sUtrakRtAMga, 2/1/4 17. jaM jArisaM puvvamakAsi kammaM tamava Agacchati samparAeM evaM jahAMkaDaM kamma tahAsibhAre, 5/2/23 evaM 5/1/26 18 savve sayakammakappiyA, vahI, 2/3/17 19. vahI, 2/3/17 va 2/1/4 20. se jAijAiM bahukUrakamme, jaM kuvvai bhijjai teNa vAle / 21. vahI, 1/2/26-27 22. vahI, 27

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23. vahIM, 24. sUtrakRtAMga, 2/21. 25. pamAyaM kammamAhaMsu, appamAyaM thaa'vrN| vahI, 8/3 26. vahI, 8/3 27. daMsaNAvaraNaMtae -- vahI, 15/1 28. vahI, 7/7 29. vahI, 8/8 30. vahI, 2/1/6 31. vahI, 5/1/8 32. vahI, 2/1/15 33. asesakammaM visohaittA aNuttaraNaM parabhasiddhiM, 6/18 34. RSibhASita, 4/7 35. vahI, 4/12, 13 36. vahI, 4/11, 12,13 va 9/2-3-4 37. vahI, 4/12,13 38. vahI, 9/7 39. vahI, kramazaH 3818, 9, 9/5, 9/7, 31/9 40. vahI, 9/9 41. vahI, 9/2-3 42. gacchaMti kammehiM--- se sakammasitte, vahI, 2-3, 4/12-13 43. uttarAdhyayana, 13/23-24 44. vahI, 4/3 45. vahI, 25/41-43 '46. vahI, 4/3 va 3/10-11 47. vahI, kramaza: 29/31,17, 9, 22,3/11, 10/3, 7/9 va 18/49 48. RSibhASita, 33/1-18 49. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 33/1-16 50. vahI, 33/17 51. vahI, 33/18 52. vahI, 25/43 - DaoN. azoka kumAra siMha 28

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hindI jainasAhitya kA vismRta bundelI kavi : devIdAsa - DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina bhArata kI hRdayasthalI madhyapradeza ke sImAnta para eka aisA bhI bhUkhaNDa hai, jo rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata-kAlIna itihAsa ke aneka tathyoM ko apane astitva meM samAhita kiye hue hai, kintu durbhAgya se paravartI kAla meM vaha upekSita hotA rahA hai, yadyapi cedi, haihaya, kalacuri, candela, gAhar3avAla evaM bundelA-ThAkuroM ne vahA~ aneka svAbhimAnapUrNa parAkrama pradarzita kiye haiM aura ve apanI atItakAlIna mahimAmayI paramparAoM ko surakSita rakhane ke lie sarvasva nyauchAvara karate rahe haiN| itihAsa isakA sAkSI hai| usa upekSita mahAmahima bhUkhaNDa ko Aja bundelakhaNDa ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| __ yahI vaha bhUmi hai, jahA~ vIra campatarAya bundelA ne apanI talavAra ke jauhara dikhAye the| yahI vaha puNyabhUmi hai, jahA~ mahArAja chatrasAla ne paranAmI-sampradAya ke mahAn sAdhaka svAmI prANanAtha kA AzIrvAda prApta kara bundelabhUmi ko zrIsamRddhi ke sAtha nayA tejasvI jIvana diyA thaa| una bundelakesarI chatrasAla kA sAhityika prema hindIsAhitya kA itihAsa kabhI bhulA nahIM sakatA, jaba unhoMne apanI hI dharatI ke lAla mahAkavi bhUSaNa kI vidAI ke samaya unakI pAlakI meM apanA kandhA diyA thaa| yahI vaha bhUmi hai, jisake rAjAoM -- madhukarazAha evaM indrajIta siMha ne mugaloM ke virodha meM eka ora jahA~ apanI talavAroM ke camatkAra dikhAye the, vahIM dUsarI ora, gopI-kRSNa kI smRti meM apanI kalama kA bhI hRdayasparzI camatkAra dikhalAyA thaa| eka hindI-kavi ke rUpa meM mahArAja madhukarazAha kA yaha pada "or3achI vRndAvana sau gA~va" Aja bhI bundelakhaNDa ke jhopar3oM se mahaloM taka sarvatra sunAI detA hai| yahI vaha bhUmi hai, jahA~ gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke bAda mahAkavi kezava, pravINarAya, bihArI, balabhadra, jaganika, khaDgasena kAyastha, govinda gosvAmI, vIrabala, harirAma, ToDaramala, AsakaraNa, rahIma khA~, caturbhuja, kalyANa, bAlakRSNa, gadAdhara, amareza prabhRti ne apane vyaktitva evaM kRtitva se ise mahimA-maNDita kiyA thaa| vandanIya bundelakhaNDa prArambha se hI kalAkRtiyoM, maThoM evaM mandiroM kA pramukha kendra rahA hai| vahA~ zAyada hI aisA koI grAma, kasabA, nagara athavA zahara ho, jahA~ hastalikhita pothiyoM kA bhaNDAra na ho| kintu, durbhAgyavaza zatiyoM se unakA Alor3ana-vilor3ana nahIM ho pAyA hai aura hajAroM-hajAra pothiyA~ ( hastalikhita) kAla-kavalita ho cukI haiM aura hotI calI jA rahI haiN| bandelakhaNDa meM hI prAcyakAlIna orachA-sTeTa kI rAjadhAnI TIkamagaDha (vartamAna madhyapradeza kA eka jilA) meM "digaur3A" nAmaka eka grAma hai, jahA~ mahAn adhyAtmI devIdAsa nAma ke kavi hue haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne aneka kRtiyA~ likhI thIM, kintu ve saba kahA~ haiM, isakA patA nahIM cltaa| unake kucha pada to itane lokapriya haiM ki ve Aja bhI ghara-ghara meM gAye jAte haiN| unakI kucha laghu kRtiyoM kA saMgraha eka guTake ke rUpa meM zrI ga.va. di. jaina zodha-saMsthAna, For Private & Peeg al Use Only

Page #32
hindA janasAhitya kA vismRta bundalA kAva : davAdAsa vArANasI ke granthAgAra meM surakSita hai, jo adyAvadhi aprakAzita hai| ye laghu kRtiyA~ atyanta sarasa, madhura evaM geya hai| 18vIM zatI ke antima caraNa kI bundelI-bhASA kI dRSTi se ve atyanta mahattvapUrNa haiN| inakI jJAta kRtiyoM kI kula saMkhyA 38 haiM, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : 1. paramAnandastotra bhASA, 20. lachanAulI patha, 2. jIvacuturbhedAdi battIsI, 21. jogapaccIsI, 3. jinAMtarAulI, 22. padapaMgati, 4. dharamapaccIsI, 23. dvAdazabhAvanA, 5. paMcapadapaccIsI, 24. kevalajJAna ke dasa atizaya, 6. dazadhA samyaktva, 25. upadezapaccIsI, 7. pukArapaccIsI, 26. janma ke dasa atizaya, 8. vItarAgapaccIsI, 27. hitopadeza, 9. darasanachattIsI, 28. cakravartivibhUtivarNana, 10. buddhivAunI, 29. ekendriya-sainI-asainI, 11. tIni mUDha aratIsI, 30. padI, 12. devakRta caudaha atizaya, 31. jUvavarA pada, 13. sIlAMgacaturdazI, 32. padAvalI 14. juAvarNana (saptavyasana), 33. caturviMzati jinavandanA, 15. vivekabattIsI, 34. aMgapUjA, 16. svajogarAcharau, 35. aSTaprAtihAryapUjA, 17. mArIca bhavAMtarAulI, 36. anantacatuSTayapUjA, 18. rAgarAginI, 37. aSTAdazadoSapUjA, 19. paMcavarana ke kavitta, 38. jina naamaavli| devIdAsa kA racanAkAla vahI thA, jo hindI-sAhitya ke itihAsa meM rItikAla kA samaya mAnA gayA hai| usa samaya "manamatha nejA noMka sI"2 jaisI ghora zrRMgArika kavitA ke likhane kA bolabAlA thaa| usa viparIta vAtAvaraNa meM bhI devIdAsa ne adamya utsAha ke sAtha adhyAtma evaM bhakti rasa kI jaisI ajasra dhArA pravAhita kI, vaha prazaMsanIya hai| Atmacintana evaM AtmavikAsa ke mAdhyama se svastha samAja evaM rASTranirmANa hI unakA pramukha lakSya thaa| unhoMne satyam, zivam evaM sundaram ke Adarza ko apanI kavitA ke mAdhyama se mukharita karane kA athaka prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne lokahita kI bhAvanAoM kA gAna karane meM jahA~ eka ora lokasaMgIta kA Azraya liyA, vahIM yamanara, bilAvala sAraMga: jayajayavantI rAmakalI, dAdarA', kedAra, dhanAzrI Adi zAstrIya rAga-rAginiyoM kA bhI sahArA liyA hai| isa prakAra, isa kavi ne apane jIvana meM saMgIta ke mAdhyama se adhyAtma rasa kI jo gaMgA-jamunI pravAhita kI, vaha bundelakhaNDa ke hindI-sAhitya ke itihAsa kA eka svarNima For Private & P90nal Use Only

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DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina HARHATHI adhyAya bana gayA hai| kavi-paricaya : 'adyAvadhi ajJAta kavi devIdAsa kA vistRta paricaya anupalabdha hai, kintu unakI kRtiyoM ke antima prazasti-padyoM evaM puSpikAoM meM jo chuTapuTa paricaya upalabdha hai, unake anusAra vaha "digaur3A" (TIkamagar3ha : madhyapradeza) nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI the| vaha grAma usa samaya bundelA sAvantasiMha nareza ke rAjya kA aMga thaa|1 kuNDaliyA~ chanda ke mAdhyama se unhoMne apane viSaya meM kahA hai ki unakI jAti golAlAre (golArADa) thii|12 unakA vaMza kharauA ke nAma se prasiddha thaa|13 "sonabayAra" unakA baiMka thaa|14 unakA gotra kAsalla thaa| unakA parivAra bhadAvara deza ke "sIka sikahArA" nAmaka grAma se "kailagavA~" (TIkamagar3ha ke pAsa) nAmaka sthAna para A bsaa|6 phira Age calakara vaha parivAra digaur3A Akara rahane lgaa| devIdAsa ke pitA kA nAma santoSa evaM mAtA kA nAma maNi thaa| unake chaha bhAI the|6 devIdAsa jeThe the| bAkI ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : chagana, lalle, kamala, marajAda gopAla aura gaMgArAma / kavi ke bhAiyoM ke kRtitva evaM vyaktitva kA paricaya nahIM miltaa| kevala unakI saMkhyA, nAma aura sthAna kA hI vivaraNa diyA hai| kintu aisA pratIta hotA hai ki pUrvajanma ke saMskAravaza tathA kisI guru ke upadeza evaM nirantara svAdhyAya ke kAraNa devIdAsa meM kavitva-zakti kA sphuraNa huA thA aura usI ke bala para unhoMne apanI racanAe~ likhI thiiN| kavi kI AjIvikA kA pramukha sAdhana kapar3e kA vyApAra thaa| vaha baMjI20 karake apane parivAra kA bharaNa-poSaNa karate the|21 unakI yaha vizeSatA thI ki hAni athavA lAbha kI sthiti meM vaha samarasa rahate the| unake jIvana meM kucha aisI mArmika ghaTanAe~ bhI ghaTI thIM, jinase unake jIvana kI dRr3hatA, saccaritratA evaM AtmasaMyama kI kaThora parIkSA huI aura vaha usameM khare utare the| ina sabhI kAraNoM se tatkAlIna sAhityikoM evaM sAmAjikoM meM unakI bar3I pratiSThA thii| bundelakhaNDa meM Ajakala bhI eka rocaka kiMvadantI pracalita hai ki eka bAra vaha apane choTe bhAI kamala ke sAtha usake vivAha ke lie Avazyaka vastue~ kharIdane hetu lalitapura (uttara-pradeza) jA rahe the| rAste meM ghanA jaMgala paDatA thA, vahIM kahIM kamala para eka zera ne sahasA hI AkramaNa kara use mAra ddaalaa| isa apratyAzita ghaTanA ne kavi ko jhakajhora DAlA, kintu zIghra hI unakA viveka jAgata ho gayA aura apane ko sambodhita kiyA ki "karmoM" kI gati vicitra hai, use koI TAla nahIM sktaa| tatpazcAt vaha usakA dAha-saMskAra kara ghara vApasa A gye| snehavaza devIdAsa apane bhAI kamala ke lie saba kucha nyauchAvara karane ko taiyAra rahate the| sambhavataH usakI smRti ko sthAyitva dene ke lie hI vaha jIvita rahe aura apanI sAhityika kRtiyA~ likhate rheN| apane kamala kI mRtyu se duHkhI hokara vaha kavitAe~ racate rhe| apanI mA~ ko DhADhasa baMdhAne ke lie unhoMne purANoM ke mArmika udAharaNoM kI carcA karate hue kahA : "he mA~, dekhoM, saMsAra kI gati kitanI vicitra hai| vyakti jo socatA hai, vaha nahIM ho paataa| maryAdApuruSottama rAma ko kahA~ to sabere uThate hI pRthvImaNDala kA cakravartI-pada prApta karanA thA 31

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hindA janasAhitya kA vismRta bundelI kavi : devIdAsa aura kahA~ usI sabere unheM vanavAsa mila gyaa| rAvaNa ne socA thA ki yadi maiM yuddha meM jIta jAUMgA, taba rAma ko sItA vApasa kara duuNgaa| kintu, use yuddhakAla meM hI mRtyu kA varaNa karanA pdd'aa| maiMne svayaM socA thA ki maiM apane bhAI kA zAna ke sAtha vivAha karU~gA, kintu usake pUrva hI vaha akasmAt cala basA ! mA~, yaha kAla kI gati bar3I vicitra hai| isa sthiti meM viveka kho dene se prANI kI sadgati nahIM bana paatii| ataH isa zoka ko sahana karo, isI meM sAra hai|"22 kAvya-vaibhava jaisA ki pUrva meM hI kahA jA cukA hai ki devIdAsa kI kAvya racanAe~ yadyapi adhyAtma evaM bhaktiparaka hai, tathApi unameM kAvyakalA ke vividha rupa upalabdha hai| prAsaMgAnukUla rasa-yojanA, prAkRtika varNanoM kI chaTA, alaMkAra-vaicitrya, chanda evaM mAnava ke manovaijJAnika citraNoM se unakI racanAe~ alaMkRta haiN| unakI bhASA bhI bhAvAnugAminI bana par3I hai| rasa-yojanA kisI bhI kAvya kI AtmA rasa hotI hai aura AdhyAtmika evaM bhakti-sAhitya meM zAnta rasa ko rasarAja mAnA gayA hai| kavivara devIdAsa ne bhI rasa ko Ananda ke rUpa meM grahaNa kara use nijAtmarasa ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| yathA : tijaga se bhArI so apUrava adhiraja kArA parama Ananda rUpa apai avicala haiN|23 Atamarasa atimIThI sAdhau Atamarasa atimiitthau|4 kavi ne navarasa kI vistRta yojanA to nahIM kI, use itanA avasara bhI nahIM thA, kintu bhakti ke Avega meM prasaMgavaza prAyaH sabhI rasoM kA samAveza ho gayA hai| unhoMne apanIsUkSma dRSTi ke sAtha tUlikA-rUpI chenI dvArA zAnta rasa ko bar3I manoramatA se mUrtita kiyA hai evaM use rasarAja mAnA hai| isakA sthAyI bhAva zama yA vairAgya hai tathA vibhAva Alambana hai -- asAra-saMsAra, zAstracintana, tapa, dhyAna aadi| uddIpana haiM -- santavacana ekAnta sthAna, mataka-darzana Adi! romAMca, saMsArabhIstA, tallInatA aura udAsInatA Adi anabhAva haiM evaM dhRti, mati, smRti, harSa Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| jahA~ samarasa kI sthiti hotI hai, vahIM zAnta rasa rahatA hai| saMsAra kI bhautikavAdI camaka-damaka mAnava ko zAnti pradAna karane meM asamartha hai, ataeva use AtmamukhI honA Avazyaka hai aura AtmamukhI honA hI zAnta rasa kI niyojanA hai| isalie, zAnta rasa kA rasarAja ke rUpa meM prayukta honA ekadama sArthaka hai| zAnta rasa meM sabhI rasoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| yahA~ isake kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM : aMtaradiSTi jagaigI jaba terI antaradiSTi jgaigii| hoi sarasa diDatA dina hU~ dina saba bhaya bhIta bhgaigau|| dasarana jJAna caraNa sivamAraga jihi rasa rIti pgaigii| deviyadAsa kahata taba lagi hai jiya tUM suddha tthgaigii|| For Private & Pers32| Use Only ,

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DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina samakata binA na tarayau jiyA samakita binA na tarayau / / 25 .... inake atirikta kavi ne prasaMgavaza zrRMgAra26, bhakti27, karuNa28, raudra26, bhayAnaka, adbhuta, bIbhatsa32 Adi rasoM kI bhI sundara yojanA kI hai, jisake kAraNa unake kAvya meM nikhAra A gayA hai| alaMkAra kalpanA, saundaryabodha tathA bhAvapravaNatA ke lie kavi ne zabdAlaMkAra evaM arthAlaMkAra donoM kI hI sundara yojanA kI hai| jahA~ unhoMne anuprAsa evaM yamaka jaise zabdAlaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se varNya prasaMgoM ko prastuta kiyA hai, vahA~ usakI madhumayI rasadhArA pAThakoM ko manomugdha kara detI haiN| yathA : anuprAsa -- lAla lasiu daivI ko suvAla lAla pAga bA~dhe lAlahaga adhara anUpa lAlI pAna kii| lAlamanI kAna lAla mAla garai mUMgana kii|| aMgajhagA lAla kora giravAna kii| yamaka -- jarA joga hare, hare vana meM nivAsa kreN| kareM pasu badhe baMdha kAjai dekhi kAre bhae / / 3 ina varNana-prasaMgoM ke sundara niyojana ke sAtha kavi ne upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, udAharaNa, upameyopamA Adi arthAlaMkAroM ke dvArA varNya viSaya ko adhikAdhika ramyatA aura gahanatA pradAna kI hai| pAThakoM ke rasAsvAdana-hetu yahA~ kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jA rahe haiM : upamA -- upameya bhAva ko utkarSa pradAna karane ke lie kavi ne aprastuta varNanoM ke dvArA bhAvoM ko ubuddha karane kI apanI adbhuta kSamatA kA paricaya diyA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki prANI moha ke vazIbhUta hokara bhaTakatA rahatA hai aura rAga-dveSa use taskara ke samAna Thagate rahate haiM : hamare baira pare doi tasakara rAga doSa suna tthere| bhohi jAta sivamAraga ke rukha karma mahAripu dherai4 anya sthAna para unhoMne paramAtmA kI upamA ghana se aura mana kI upamA mora se dI hai -- deviyadAsa nirakhi ati haraSita prabha tana ghana mana mor||5 rUpaka -- kavi rUpaka alaMkAra kA dhanI hai| usane vRkSa kA rUpaka upasthita kara saMyamI puruSa kI samasta vRttiyoM ko vyakta kara diyA hai -- vratamUla saMjima sakaMdha badhyau~ jama nIyama ubhe, jala sIca sIla sAkhA vRddhi bhayauM hai| samiti subhAra caDhyauM badhyau gupti parivAra,

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hindI jainasAhitya kA vismRta bundelI kavi : devIdAsa pahupa sugandhI guna tapa-patra chyau hai|| mukti phala dAI jAkai dayA chAha chAI bhae bhava tapa tAI bhavya jAi Thora lagayo hai| gayo agha teja bhayo suguna prakAza aisI caraNa suvRkSa tAhi devIdAsa nayo hai||6 kavi ne vyApAra ke rUpaka dvArA zarIra aura AtmA kI sthiti ko spaSTa karate hae AtmA ko sambodhita kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki use bheda-jJAna prApta kara lene kI AvazyakatA hai, binA bheda-jJAna ke vaha AtmA isI prakAra ananta kAla taka AvAgamana ke cakkara meM phaMsI rhegii| kavi AtmA ko "haMsa" zabda se sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM : are ha~sarAI aisI kahA tohi sUjhi parI pu~jI lai parAI baMjU kInauM mahA SoTo hai| SoTo vaMju kie tauko kaise ke prasiddhi hoi| naphA mUri the jahA~sivAhi byAju cauTo hai|| behure sau ba~dhyau parAdhIna ho jgtrmaahi| deha koTharI maiM taM anAdi ko agauTo hai| merI kahI mAnu khoju ApanI pratApa aap| terI eka samai kI kamAI ko na ToTo hai| ananvaya :- kavi ne jJAna aura jJAnI ke varNana-prasaMga meM ananvaya alaMkAra ke dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki saMsAra meM aisI koI bhI vastu nahIM hai, jo jJAna evaM jJAnI kI samatA kara sakeM, kyoMki donoM hI, vyakti kI saMyama-sAdhanA, tyAga-tapasyA evaM tajjanya anubhUti se sambaddha haiN| isI tathya kA nirUpaNa unhoMne isa prakAra kiyA hai -- jJAnI sau na aura paina aura sau sujJAnavaMta jJAnavaMta kai kriyAM vicitra eka jaankii| jAnI eka Thaura ko pichAnI hai su aura kau su aura kI ajAnI hai na jAnai eka ThAna kii|| ThAna-ThAna aura paina aura ThAna-ThAna koI rIti hai pichAnive kI vAhI ke pramAna kii| jJAnI hai sujJAnI hai na jJAnI aura dUjau koii| aura ke pichAnI maiM nisAnI eka jJAna kii| kavi ne varNya-viSayoM ko aura adhika spaSTa karane ke lie udAharaNa alaMkAra kI yojanA kI hai| kavi ne eka-se-eka sundara udAharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| unheM par3hakara pAThaka mantramugdha-sA raha jAtA hai| unhoMne vyavahAranaya aura nizcayanaya jaise dArzanika viSayoM ko bhI apane udAharaNoM dvArA sarala aura sarasa banA diyA hai| yathA : 54

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DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina jaise indra nIla mani DArai paya bhAjana maiM mani ko subhAva paya nIlau sau lagata hai| nizca kari jadyapi su nIlamani Ae virSe upacAra karai vyApI paya maiM pagata hai|| jaise suddha jJAna kI pravartanA hai gyeya viSai vyavahAra naya ke pramAna sauM sagata hai| suddha naya na nihacai pramAna jJAna eka ThAna vagyau cidAnanda ke samUha meM dagata hai| isI prakAra, nazvara zarIra meM caitanya AtmA kisa prakAra nivAsa karatI hai, isa tathya ko kavi ne atyanta sundara udAharaNoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| yathA-- jaise kATha mAhi basai pAvaka subhAva liyai hATaka subhAva liyai nivasaiu pala maiN| pahupa samUha maiM sugandha ko pramAna jaise tela tilI ke majhAra basai aura phala maiN|| dahI dUdha virSe su tUpa Apa svarUpa basai tIta rahau puraina bIca jala maiN| jaise cidAnanda liyeM Apanau svarUpa sadA bhinna haiM nidAna vaise deha kI gahala maiN|190 mAnavIkaraNa -- kavi jaba kavitva ke Aveza meM jar3a evaM cetana se tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai, taba use sRSTi ke rahasyamaya tatvoM meM bhI nAyaka athavA nAyikA ke darzana hone lagate haiN| kavi ne sumati ke varNana-prasaMga meM cetana rUpa nAyaka kI paTarAnI ke rUpa meM use isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai| yathA -- sA ghiya suMdarI sIla satI sama zItala saMtani ke mana maanii| maMgala kI karanI haranI apakIrati jAsu jagatra bkhaanii|| saMtani kI paracI na radhI parabrahama svarUpa lakhAvana syaanii| jJAna sutA varanI gunavaMtinI cetani nAika kI paTarAnI / / isI prakAra, mArmika zailI meM prastuta kubuddhi kA citraNa bhI draSTavya hai -- dUtiya durgati tai niyarI para popini doSinI hai dussdaaii| iMdrini kI pati rAkhata hai pragaTI viSayArasa taiM gurtaaii| augana maMDita nindita paMDita yA durbuddhi kunAri khaaii|11 pratIka-yojanA -- kavi devIdAsa AdhyAtmika kavi the| adhyAtma svayaM apane meM eka aisI vidhA hai, jisakI vyAkhyA karate samaya prajJApuruSoM ko bhI bhAvAbhivyakti meM vikaTa samasyA kA For Private & nal Use Only

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hindI jainasAhitya kA vismRta bundelI kavi : devIdAsa sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| aisI hI paristhiti meM pratIkoM kI yojanA kI jAtI hai| ye pratIka kevala citra hI upasthita nahIM karate, apitu kisI bhI hRdayagata bhAva ke jIte-jAgate kriyAzIla pratinidhi hote haiN| kavi ke bhI jaba vividha AdhyAtmika bhAva kaThora caTTAnoM se TakarAne vAle srotoM kI bhA~ti phUTa nikalane ke lie macalane lagate haiM, taba vaha prakRti-pradatta pratIkoM kA Azraya lekara apanI anubhUti kI abhivyakti sahaja rUpa meM kara DAlatA hai| kavi devIdAsa ne sAdhanA ke lie "kehari"42 siMha ko pratIka banAyA hai, isI prakAra sukha aura duHkha kI pravRttiyoM ko prakAzita karane ke lie" amRta aura viSa"43 ko pratIka-svarUpa grahaNa kiyA hai| paramAtmA ke lie kavi ne "garIbanavAja.4" evaM AtmA kA "haMsa45" ke mAdhyama se varNana kiyA hai| saMsAra kI ajJAnatA ko unhoMne "kRpa46" ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA hai| isI prakAra, pA~ca raMgoM kA varNana, pIlA-jJAna, sarasvatI47, harA samRddhi8, lAla-prema aura zakti46 zveta-yaza aura kAlA-ajJAna, andhakAra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| sva-para-viveka ke lie kavi ne "bhora"52 pratIka kA Azraya liyA hai| ina pratIkoM dvArA kavi ne varNya prasaMgoM ko saralatA, sarasatA, ramaNIyatA, komalatA evaM gambhIratA pradAna kI hai| chandaH prAcIna kAla se hI sAhitya meM chandoM kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| sAhitya kI dRSTi se chandobaddha sAhitya jahA~ adhika rucira aura camatkArapUrNa hotA hai, vahIM atidIrghajIvI bhI ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki lekhana-sAmagrI ke AviSkAra ke pUrva sahasrAbdiyoM taka vedAdi, prAcIna sAhitya kaNTha-paramparA meM surakSita raha sake haiN| "chAndogyopaniSad" meM chandoM kI kriyAtmaka upayogitA ke bhAva ko sundara rUpaka ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai : "devatAoM ne mRtyu se Darakara apane-Apako (apanI kRtiyoM ko) chandoM meM DhA~pa liyaa| mRtyu-bhaya se AcchAdana yA rakSArtha AvaraNa ke kAraNa hI "chanda" saMjJA sArthaka huI hai|33 "sAyaNabhASya" meM chanda kI eka vyutpatti aura bhI dI gaI hai -- "chanda kalAkAroM aura unakI kalAkRtiyoM ko apamatyu se bacA lete haiN| isI upayogitA ke kAraNa sAhitya meM chandoM kI paramparA nirantara calatI rahI haiN| kavi devIdAsa ne apanI kAvya-racanAoM meM mAtrika evaM varNika donoM prakAra ke hI chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| unhoMne gItikA, kuNDaliyA, chappaya, savaiyA kavitta, roDaka, gaMgodaka aura tATeka kA prayoga varNanoM ke anukUla bar3I bArIkI se kiyA hai| savaiyoM ke mAdhyama se eka sacce kalAkAra ke samAna unahoMne ratnoM ko jar3ane kA kArya kiyA hai, sAtha hI vibhinna zAstrIya rAga-rAganiyoM meM bhI padoM kI racanA kI hai| unake padoM meM itanI saMgItamayatA hai ki AdhyAtmika rasa sahaja hI chalakatA hai tathA unakI sundara dhvaniyojanA evaM komala padaracanA amRta kI varSA karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| udAharaNArtha, unakA pada yahA~ prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| yathA -- Atamarasa ati mITho sAdho Atamarasa ati miitthau| syAdavAda rasanA binu jAkau milata na svAda griitthau|| pIvata hota sarasa suSa so puni bahuri na ulaTi puliitthau| For Private & Peso al Use Only

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DaoN. (zrImatI) vidyAvatI jaina aciraja rUpa anUpa apUrava jA sama aura na iitthau|5 dipati mahA atijora jinavara carana kamala, dipati mahA atijor| dekhata rUpa sudhI jana jAkau leta sabai cita cor|| kaithoM tapa gajarAja daI sira bhari saidura kI kor| kai sivakAmini ko muSu rASyo kesari ke raMga vor|| kai nija dhyAna dhare capalA thira prabhu dhuni garajata ghora / deviyadAsa nirakhi ati haraSita prabha tana ghana mana mora / / 26 citrabandha -- citrabandha racanA bhI kAvya kI eka viziSTa zailI hai, jo saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM paravartI bhAratIya vAGmaya meM upalabdha hai| citrabandha vastutaH sAmAnya kAvyalekhana kI apekSA adhika durUha hai| isa zailI meM kavi ko kAvyapAstrocita niyamoM kA dhyAna rakhane ke sAtha-sAtha viziSTa citrabandha ke niyamoM kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA anivArya hai| isameM eka ora kavi kI kAvyaracanA ke prati prema aura dUsarI ora kalA ke prati usakI suruci-sampannatA kA paricaya milatA hai| isa dizA meM hindI-sAhitya meM mahAkavi kezava, bhikhArI, lAlakavi, gokulanAtha evaM dInadayAla giri prabhRti kI racanAe~ paryApta prazaMsita haiN| kavivara devIdAsa sambhavataH inakI racanAoM se prabhAvita the, ataH unhoMne bhI apanI racanAoM meM ukta zailI kA prayoga kiyA hai| unake citrabandhoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM -- kamalabandha dohA, cUlIbandha dohA, kapATabandha dohA, kaTArabandha, maDarabandha doharA, tukaguphta doharA, atukagupatAgata doharA, parvatabandha kavitta, dhanikabandha dohA, sarvatAmukha caubIsA, kavittatuka aadi| rahasyavAda -- jaina sAhitya meM zaddhAtmamatva kI upalabdhi ke lie rahasyavAda ko paryApta sthAna milA hai| devIdAsa kI kRtiyoM meM bhI ucca koTi ke rahasyavAda ke darzana hote haiN| kavivara devIdAsa ke lie deha eka devAlaya hai, jisameM zakti sampanna eka deva adhiSThita haiN| usakI ArAdhanA karanA, use sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pahacAnanA evaM usameM ekarasa honA hI eka atyanta rahasyapUrNa kriyA hai, jisake lie guru ke upadeza aura athaka abhyAsa kI AvazyakatA hai| kavi ke rahasyavAda ko samajhane ke lie nimnAMkita udAharaNa paryApta hai| yathA -- "deha devare maiM laSo nirama nija devaa| Apa svarupI Apa maiM apanI rasa levaa|| "suguru mere mana ke nikaTa kaba aavai| jIva ajIva dazA niravArana paMtha kRpatha btaavai|| "nija niramala rasu cASA jaba hama nija niramala rasu vASA1/10 isa prakAra, kavivara devIdAsa bundelI-hindI ke aise mahAkavi haiM, jinhoMne adhyAtma evaM bhaktiparaka racanAoM ke mAdhyama se hindI-bhAratI kI amUlya sevA kI hai| unakI kRtiyA~, nissandeha, samakAlIna itihAsa, saMskRti, vividha sAhityika zailiyoM evaM bhASA ke aneka

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1. 2 3 4 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 222222 21. rahasyapUrNa tathyoM ko udbhAvita karane meM sakSama haiN| sandarbha or3achau vRMdAvana sau gA~va / gobaradhana sukha-zIla pahariyA jahA~ racata tRna gAya / / jinakI pada raja ur3ata sIsa para mukta-mukta ho jAya~ / saptadhAra mila bahata vetrave jamanA jala unamAna / / nArI nara saba hota pavitra kara-kara ke asnAna / so thala tuMgaraNya bakhAnoM brahmA vedana gAyau / / saula diyo nRpati madhukara ko zrIsvAmI haradAsa batAyau / - bundelavaibhava, pR. 157 bihArIratnAkara, padya 6 de. padapaMgati eva "rAgarAginI" nAmaka racanAe~ / vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, hindI jainasAhitya kA vismRta bundelI kavi : devIdAsa "maNDalavidhAna", vahI, pR. 162-163 vahI, pR. 162 vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, vahI, de. "jogapaccIsI", bundelI "baMjI" zabda, jo "vANijya " zabda kA apabhraMza hai, bundelakhaNDa meM, garIbI kI sthiti meM kandhe para sAmAna Dhokara becane ke artha meM yaha zabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai| le. uparivat / "anekAnta" ( 11/7-8/275)

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42. 23. 24. 25. "devIdAsavilAsa", pR. 48/24 uparivat, pR. 10 vahI, pR.84 vahI, pR.82 vahI, pR.17 vahI, pR.96 vahIM, 32. "devIdAsavilAsa", pR. 27 uparivat, pR. 81 vahI, pR.90, 92 vahI, pR.24 vahI, pR.88-89 vahI, pR.21-22 vahI, pR.11-39 vahI, pR.25 vahI, pR.27/3 vahI, pR.23/13 . .. pU.95,96 vahI, pR.95 vahI, pR.90 vahI, pR. 48 "devIdAsavilAsa", pR. 101 uparivat, pR. 33 "devIdAsavilAsa", pR. 31 uparivat, pR. 33 uparivata, pR. 47 evaM 55 vahI, pR. vahI, pR. 96 vahI, pR. 95 vahI, vahI, pR. 99 chAndogyopaniSad, 1/4/2 "devIdAsavilAsa", pR. 91 56. uparivat, pR. 90 57. __ "devIdAsavilAsa",pR.114-120 58. uparivat, pR. 81 vahI, pR. 83 60. vahI, pR. 113 36. 55. 38. 40. 41. 59. adhyakSa -- hindI vibhAga ma. ma. mahilA mahAvidyAlaya (vIra ku~varasiMha vizva vidyAlaya), ArA (bihAra) For Private & Penal Use Only

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mUka sevikA - vijayAbahana - zarada kumAra sAdhaka zramaNa ke bhUtapUrva sampAdaka jamanAlAla jI jaina kI patnI zrImatI vijayAbahana aba hamAre bIca nahIM haiN| ve sarvodaya-samAja kI mUka sevikA tathA AcAryakula kI niSThAvAna sadasyA thiiN| unakI pahacAna sarvasevA saMgha prakAzana ke variSTha kAryakartA, sampAdaka tathA jaina jagata ke prasiddha lekhaka zrI jamanAlAla jaina kI jIvana saMginI ke rUpa meM rhiiN| 8 akTUbara 1663 ko unakA svargavAsa ho gayA hai lagabhaga dasa varSa taka ve pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna meM rahIM thiiN| vijayAbahana kA janma sAranAtha meM huA thA aura sAranAtha meM hI unhoMne antima sA~sa lii| 60 varSa kI jIvana-yAtrA ke daurAna unhoMne AtmIyatA kI vyApaka bhUmikA para apane sneha sambandha bnaaye| mahArASTra, gujarAta, rAjasthAna, bihAra, baMgAla hI kyoM, deza bhara ke kattAoM se jahA~ bhI jur3I ki AtmIya ho gyiiN| kisase kyA bAta karanI hai, kyA sunanI hai, isakA sUkSma viveka unheM bharapUra thaa| unake vardhA yA vArANasI AvAsa para jo bhI pahu~cA, vaha binA jalapAna kiye nahIM lauTa sakatA thaa| mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna mahInoM unake atithi rhe| jainendra jaise khyAtilabdha sAhityakAra ke sAtha to unakA gharelU sambandha hI thaa| dAdA dharmAdhikArI, dhIrendra majUmadAra, jayaprakAza nArAyaNa, zaMkararAva deva, siddharAja DhaDDhA, pUrNacandra jaina, sureza rAma bhAI Adi sarvodaya netAoM kA sneha-saujanya bhI ve paayiiN| jaba jamanAlAla jI rAjagRha meM vIrAyatana kA kArya dekha rahe the taba sarvasevA saMgha ke adhyakSa AcArya rAmamUrti ne kAryakAriNI kI baiThaka vIrAyatana meM rakhI to vijayAbahana hama sabhI sarvodaya sAthiyoM kI samucita vyavasthA ke lie sAranAtha se vArANasI pahu~ca gyiiN| vahA~ unakI vyavasthA zakti aura Atithya kI kisane prazaMsA nahIM kI ? unhoMne apanI putriyoM aura putravadhU ko bhI yahI sikhAyA ki ghara Aye mehamAna kA hArdikatA pUrvaka satkAra karanA caahie| prazna yaha nahIM hai ki tumhAre pAsa kyA hai, kyA nahIM hai| mukhya bAta hai AtmIyatA, sevaa| vijayAbahana kI zikSA paramparAvAdI jaina bAlAzrama ArA meM huI thI, phira ve svatantra vicAroM vAlI sAmAjika kAryakarvI thiiN| gA~dhI-vinobA tathA krAMtikArI vicArakoM ke samparka meM rahane ke kAraNa kabhI 'lakIra kA phakIra bananA rAsa nahIM aayaa|' bhUta-preta, jAdU-TonA, vAra-tithi Adi ke cakkara se bacakara rhiiN| niyamoM se bhI apane ko jakar3A nhiiN| lekina rAta meM na khAne vAloM yA vrata vAloM kA ve pUrA dhyAna rakhatI thiiN| jinendravarNI jI ke AhAra kA unhoMne jitanA dhyAna rakhA, utanA hI khyAla bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana yA phAtimI sAhaba ke bhojana kA bhI rakhA aura isa viSaya meM unhoMne jamanAlAla jI kA pUrA sAtha nibhaayaa| riztedAroM kA virodha hone para bhI putra-putriyoM ke antarjAtIya va antardharmI vivAha kiye| phijUla kharcI nahIM, mitavyayitA pUrvaka binA kaMjUsI ke ghara-kharca claayaa| vyavahAra kuzala to itanI thIM For Private & 40sonal Use Only

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ki jaba kabhI jaina jI apane kaTAkSoM ke kAraNa kisI se sambandha tor3a lete, unheM bhI ve jor3e rakhatI thiiN| hindI zramaNasuttaM ke anuvAda ke saMpAdana kA prazna khar3A huA to zrI rAdhA-kRSNa bajAja ne jaina jI ko rAjI karAne meM vijayAbahana kI madada lii| yaha mAmUlI bAta nahIM hai ki sneha-sUtra ke sAtha-sAtha sAhitya-sUtra jor3ane meM bhI patnI kI bhUmikA mahattvapUrNa ho / asala meM unheM svAdhyAya ke sAtha svAbhimAna priya thA / ve apane svAbhimAna kI bhA~ti dUsaroM ke bhI svAbhimAna kI rakSA karanA jAnatIM thIM / RSabhadAsajI raoNkA jaise udyogapati kI putrI saralA jI unheM sahelI mAnatI thiiN| ve sahelIpana nibhAte hue damayaMtI dAI kA pArizramika rokane aura usakA ahasAna na mAnane vAloM ko jhir3akatI bhI thiiN| aisI saMvedanazIla, sevAbhAvI, salAhakAra dharmapatnI ke viyoga se jamanAlAla jI ko mAnasika kaSTa honA svAbhAvika hai| paitAlIsa varSoM kA dAmpatya jIvana sahasA bhulAyA bhI kaise jA sakatA hai / viyoga-vyathA akele unake lie hI kaSTakara nahIM hai| saMvedanA meM abhaya, suSamA, rekhA, bindu ke sAtha hama sahabhAgI haiM, sAranAtha kI janatA sahabhAgI hai| jaise vijayA bahana se hama kAryakartAoM ne sevA pAyI, vaise hI majadUra - kArIgara bhI sevA - samAdara pAte rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki maraNoparAnta unake AvAsa para Asa-pAsa kI saikar3oM mahilAe~ jamA huIM, jinakI A~khoM meM A~sU the / gRha-nirmANa karane vAlA eka kArIgara to unakA bhAI hI bana gayA thA, jo terahI para zoka nivAraNArtha jaina jI ke parivAra ke lie veSa lAyA / pArivArika se adhika mAnavIya dharAtala para adhiSThita kara jaina jI ke sambandhoM ko aisI vyApakatA pradAna kara gayI, use kauna bisarA sakatA hai ? sabako apanA banAkara rakhane vAlI adbhuta kalA aura gA~dhI vicAra ko AtmasAta karanA cAhane vAloM ke lie eka udAharaNa hai, jo anupama hai, advitIya hai, anukaraNIya hai / *50, saMta raghuvara nagara, sigarA, mahamUragaMja, vArANasI - 2 -221010 41

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zodha-prabandha kA sAra-saMkSepa bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kA sAMskRtika adhyayana ___ - DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha bRhatkalpasUtra AgamasAhitya ke antargata eka aMga bAhya grantha hai| yaha eka chedasUtra hai| chedasUtroM ke variSThatA krama meM isakA dUsarA sthAna hai| yaha AcArya bhadrabAhu prathama kI racanA hai| isa grantha para chaThI zatAbdI meM saMghadAsagaNi ne bhASya likhA hai| isameM cha: hajAra cAra sau nabbeM gAthAe~ haiM, jo prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha haiN| isa para AThavIM zatAbdI IsavI ke Asa-pAsa malayagiri ne saMskRta meM vRtti likhI, parantu yaha pUrNa nahIM ho skii| isa apUrNa vRtti ko kSemakIrti ne terahavIM sadI IsvI meM pUrA kiyaa| bRhatkalpasUtra jisa rUpa meM samprati upalabdha hai, usameM jaina zramaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra, vrata-niyama, tapa-tyAga, gamanAgamana, roga-cikitsA, aticAra, doSa, prAyazcitta Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha isameM prasaMgavaza tatkAlIna sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanItika, Arthika, bhaugolika evaM sAMskRtika paristhitiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| grantha kI sAMskRtika sAmagrI para aba taka kaI vidvAnoM ne zodha kArya kiyA hai, jinameM jagadIza candra jaina dvArA likhita "jainAgama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja" sabase pramukha hai| lekina isa grantha kA kSetra vyApaka hone se isameM bRhatkalpasUtra ke sampUrNa sAMskRtika sAmagrI kA vivecana nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai| isI prakAra aruNa pratApa siMha kRta "jaina aura bauddha saMgha meM bhikSuNI saMgha kA udabhava evaM vikAsa" meM kevala jaina bhikSuNiyoM se sambandhita sAmagrI kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| madhusena kRta "e kalcarala sTaDI Apha nizIthacUrNi" meM bRhatkalpasUtra para likhI vRtti kA hI adhikAMza sandarbha diyA gayA hai| isI taraha motIcandra kRta "sArthavAha", tathA "bhAratIya vezabhaSA" aura vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kRta "prAcIna bhAratIya loka dharma" meM tatsambandhita viSayoM kI hI carcA hai| ataH maiMne bRhatkalpasUtra meM upalabdha sampUrNa sAMskRtika sAmagrI ko eka jagaha ekatrita kara usakA sarvAMgINa vivecana prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ___ adhyayana kI suvidhA ke lie prastuta zodha-prabandha ko ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA prastAvanA svarUpa prathama adhyAya meM bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kA saMkSipta paricaya dete huye jaina AgamasAhitya meM isakA sthAna, granthakAra saMghadAsagaNi kA kAla evaM unakA kSetra aura tatkAlIna sAMskRtika pakSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM bhaugolika dazA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai jisameM janapadoM, parvatoM, vanoM, nadiyoM, nagaroM aura grAmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| pramukha janapadoM meM avaMti, kuNAla, koMkaNa, For Private & Pers42 Use Only

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kA sAMskRtika adhyayana lADha, surASTra, dazArNa, zUrasena, kaliMga, mahArASTra, karnATaka Adi kA ullekha milatA hai| pramukha nagaroM meM ujjainI, dvArikA, bharukaccha, zUrpAraka, pratiSThAna, mathurA, bhillamAla, prabhAsa Adi kA varNana prApta hotA hai| nadiyoM meM gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU, kozikA, mahI Adi kA tathA parvatoM meM aSTApada, arbuda, raivataka, ujjayanta, meru Adi kA ullekha huA hai| tRtIya adhyAya Arthika jIvana se sambandhita hai| isake antargata kRSi, usase sambandhita vibhinna kRSi upakaraNa yathA -- hala, kudAla, kolhU, ha~siyA Adi siMcAI ke antargata setu aura ketu, kRSi utpAdana yathA -- brIhi, zAli, yava, masUra, mA~sa, priyaMgu, annabhaNDAraNa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha pazupAlana, vibhinna prakAra ke udyoga dhandhe yathA -- sUtI vastra udyoga, kASTha udyoga, prasAdhana udyoga, vAstu udyoga, madya udyoga, kuTIra udyoga jaise -- hAthI dA~ta se banI vastue~ Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zilpakAroM kI bhA~ti usa samaya vyApAriyoM kI bhI zreNiyA~ hotI thiiN| ye vyApArI jala aura sthala mArga se apane mAla-AsabAba ke sAtha eka deza se dUsare deza meM Ate jAte the| bRhatkalpabhASya meM sArthavAhoM ke bAre meM vipula sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| usameM pA~ca prakAra ke sArthoM kA ullekha hai -- 1. bhaMDIsArtha -- mAla Dhone vAle sArtha, 2. vahilaga -- uMTa, khaccara aura bailoM dvArA mAla Dhone vAle, 3. bhAravaha -- apanA mAla svayaM Dhone vAle, 4. odariyA -- yaha una majadUroM kA sArtha hotA thA, jo jIvikA ke lie eka jagaha se dUsarI jagaha ghUmate rahate the, 5. kArpaTika -- isameM jyAdAtara saMkhyA zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kI hotI thii| una dinoM vyApArika mArga surakSita nahIM the| rAste meM cora-DAkuoM aura jaMgalI jAnavaroM kA bhaya rahatA thA, isalie vyApArI loga eka sAtha milakara kisI sArthavAha ko apanA netA banAkara, paradeza yAtrA ke lie nikalate the| adhyAya ke anta meM vibhinna prakAra ke svarNa, tAmra, rajata yA ruvaga, keDavika, sikkoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya sAmAjika jIvana se sambandhita hai| isameM varNa ke antargata brAhmaNa (bAMbhaNa), kSatriya (khattiya), vaizya ( vaissa) aura zUdra (sudda) kA, aLUta jAtiyoM meM cANDAla, bhIla aura DoMba kA aura chaH anArya jAtiyoM meM ambaSTha, kulinda, videha, vedaga, harita aura cuMcaNa kA ullekha huA hai| vivAha ke antargata svayaMvara aura ganrdhava vivAha kA varNana hai| isI adhyAya meM parivAra, striyoM kI sthiti, dAsa-prathA Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha hI sAtha khAna-pAna, vastra evaM alaMkAra, krIr3A-vinoda aura rIti-rivAja kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna prakAra ke roga yathA-- valgulI, viSakuMbha, dRSTihIna, kuSTharoga Adi evaM nake upacAra ke sambandha meM ATha prakAra ke vaidyoM ke nAma batalAye gaye haiM -- 1. saMvigna, 2. asaMvigna, 3. liMgI, 4. zrAvaka, 5. saMjJI, 6. anabhigRhIta asaMjJI (mithyAdRSTi), 7. abhigRhIta asaMjJI, 8. prtiirthik| paMcama adhyAya dhArmika jIvana se sambandhita hai jisake antargata mUlarUpa se jainazramaNa-- zramaNiyoM ke AcAra, aticAra, prAyazcitta aura apavAdoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| cAra mahIne For Private & PA3 al Use Only

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DaoN. mahendra pratApa siMha varSAvAsa ke bAda hemanta aura grISma Rtu ke ATha mahInoM meM zramaNoM ko eka sthAna para na rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM ko nagara ke andara aura bAhara eka-eka mAsa taka tathA zramaNiyoM ko do-do mAha taka rahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| zramaNoM ko solaha prakAra ke sthAnoM meM varSA Rtu ke atirikta anya samaya meM eka mAsa se adhika skane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM vivaraNa sahita ina sthAnoM ke nAma ginAye gaye haiM -- 1. grAma -- jahA~ rAjya kI ora se aTThAraha prakAra ke kara liye jAte hoN| 2. nagara -- jahA~ aTThAraha prakAra ke karoM meM se eka bhI prakAra kA kara na liyA jAtA ho| 3. kheTa -- jisake cAroM ora miTTI kI dIvAla ho| 4. karvaTa -- jahA~ kama loga rahate hoN| 5. maDamba -- jahA~ DhAI kosa taka koI gA~va na ho| 6. pattana -- jahA~ saba vastae~ upalabdha hoN| 7. AkAra -- jahA~ dhAtu kI khAne hoN| 8. droNamukha -- jahA~ jala aura sthala ko milAne vAlA mArga ho| 9. nigama -- jahA~ vyApAriyoM kI vastI ho| 10. rAjadhAnI -- jahA~ rAjA ke rahane ke mahala Adi hoN| 11. Azrama -- jahA~ tapasvI Adi rahate hoN| 12. niveza -- jahA~ sArthavAha apane mAla utArate hoN| 13. sambAdha -- jahA~ kRSaka rahate hoN| 14. ghoSa -- jahA~ gAya Adi carAne vAle rahate hoN| 15. aMzikA -- gA~va kA ardha, tRtIya athavA caturtha bhaag| 16. pubhedana -- jahA~ dUra-dUra se para gA~va ke vyApArI apanI cIjeM becane Ate hoN| isI ke sAtha hI sAtha zramaNa-zramaNiyoM se sambandhita AhAra, upAzraya dinacaryA, bihAra, mRtaka saMskAra, parva evaM utsava yathA -- rathayAtrA, saMkhaDi Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM vibhinna devatAoM aura loka-pracalita mahoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM indramaha, yakSamaha, parvatamaha, nadImaha aura taDAgamaha kA ullekha hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM rAjanItika jIvana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi prastuta grantha rAjanIti zAstra se sambandhita grantha nahIM hai, aura na hI isakA yaha uddezya hai phira bhI Alocya grantha meM rAjya evaM zAsana se sambandhita aneka viSayoM kI carcA huI hai| prApta sUcanAoM ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna zAsana vyavasthA ke Upara kucha prakAza par3atA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya meM rAjA ke kartavya, rAjyAbhiSeka, uttarAdhikAra, rAjya ke cAra prakAra yathA -- aNarAya (arAjaka), juksaya (yauvarAjya), verajja (vairAjya) aura derajja (dvairAjya) batalAye gaye haiN| usa samaya kaThora daNDa kI vyavasthA thii| rAjA kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karane para mRtyudaNDa taka diyA jAtA thaa| aniyamitatA hone para rAjA apane maMtrI taka ko mRtyudaNDa de detA thaa| kisI yuvarAja kI For Private & Pedal Use Only

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bRhatkalpasUtrabhASya kA sAMskRtika adhyayana cikitsA meM asaphala hone para eka bAra vaidya ko bhI mRtyudaNDa de diyA gayA thaa| usa samaya coroM kA bahuta AtaMka thaa| ve sAdhviyoM kA apaharaNa kara lete the| sArthavAhoM ke yAna naSTa kara DAlate the| sAdhuoM ke upAzraya meM jabardastI ghusa jAte the aura unheM jAna se mArane kI dhamakI dete the| Alocya grantha meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra jaina sAdhu kisI cora ko pakar3akara rAjA ke pAsa daNDa dilAne ke lie le gaye the| isake alAvA isa adhyAya meM sainya-vyavasthA, rAjaprAsAda evaM durga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM cAra prakAra kI bheriyoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai jinheM vibhinna avasaroM para bajAyA jAtA thA -- kaumudikI, saMgrAmikI, sannAhikA aura azivopazaminI / bherI bajAne vAle ko bherIpAla kahA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya kalA evaM sthApatya se sambandhita hai| isake antargata citrakalA, mUrtikalA, sthApatya kalA aura saMgIta kalA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| citrakalA ke antargata sadoSa evaM nirdoSa citrakarma kA aura mUrtikalA ke antargata mukunda va ziva kI kASTha pratimAoM ko banAne evaM pUjane kA ullekha milatA hai| sthApatya kalA ke antargata prAsAda nirmANa, caitya-stapa, dvAra, patAkA, dhvaja, toraNa, pIThikA, Asana, chatra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bRhatkalpasUtra meM cAra prakAra ke prAkAroM kA varNana hai -- pASANamaya (drArikA ), iSTikAmaya (nandapura), mRttikAmaya (sumanomukhanagara) aura khoDayAnI kASThamaya / saMgIta kalA viSayaka sAmagrI meM svaroM evaM bAraha vAdyayaMtroM ke nAma ye haiM -- zaMkha, zrRMga, zaMkhikA, kharamuhI, peyA, paTaha, bhaMbhA (DhakkA), jhallarI, bherI, mRdaMga, vINA, mrdl| aSTama adhyAya upasaMhAra svarUpa hai| prasatuta adhyayana se nimna viSayoM para vizeSa prakAza par3atA hai| prastuta grantha meM vyApAra-vANijya ke sandarbha meM pA~ca prakAra ke sArthavAhoM kA vistRta vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| sArthavAhoM ke sAtha yAtrA karanA surakSita thaa| isIlie jaina zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko unake sAtha yAtrA karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA hai| usa samaya samAja meM ATha prakAra ke vaidya hote the, jo samAja ke abhinna aMga samajhe jAte the| AcAra viSayaka grantha hone ke kAraNa isameM zramaNa-zramaNiyoM ko zramaNa dharma ke pAlana karane meM Avazyaka chUTa dI gaI hai, jo aticAra evaM prAyazcitta ke sAtha apavAdoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita TOP For Private & egonal Use Only

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zodha-prabandha kA sAra-saMkSepa triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra : eka kalAparaka adhyayana - DaoN. zubhA pAThaka brAhmaNa aura jaina donoM dharmoM meM pracura saMkhyA meM purANoM kI racanA kI gyii| pAMcavIM se dasavIM zatI I. ke madhya jainadharma kI donoM hI paramparAoM meM vibhinna purANoM evaM carita granthoM kI racanA huii| inameM paumacariya (vimalasUrikRta, 473I.), vasudevahiNDI (saMghadAsakRta, lagabhaga 7vIM zatI I.), kahAvalI (bhadrezvarakRta, lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I. ), padmapurANa (raviSNakRta, 678I.), harivaMzapurANa (jinasenakRta, 783I.), saMskRta mahApurANa (jinasena aura guNabhadrakRta, 9vIM-10vIM zatI I. ), apabhraMza mahApurANa (puSpadantakRta, 690I. ), vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ina granthoM meM prAcIna bhAratIya paramparA ke jana-caritroM (bharata, rAma, kRSNa, balarAma Adi) ke sAtha hI jaina devakula ke anya zalAkApuruSoM ke caritra varNita haiN| jinakI kula saMkhyA 63 rahI hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke carita granthoM meM hemacandra dvArA racita triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra (12vIM zatI I. kA uttarArddha) sarvAdhika prAmANika aura mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| pUrvagAmI vidvAnoM ne jaina purANoM ke AdhAra para sAMskRtika adhyayana se sambaddha kaI.kArya kiye haiM jinameM je.sI.sikadara (bhagavatIsUtra), gokulacanda jaina ( yazastilaka 1967 ), maMju zarmA (triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, aprakAzita), premacandra jaina (harivaMzapurANa), nemicandra zAstrI (AdipurANa), jhinakU yAdava (samarAiccakahA), ramezacandra zarmA (rAyapaseNiya ) mukhya haiN| kintu abhI taka kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se carita athavA purANa sAhitya achUtA rahA hai| sAhitya samAja kA pratibimba hotA hai aura kalA jIvana aura samAja kI svAbhAvika abhivykti| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAhityika granthoM meM samAja ke anya sAMskRtika pakSoM ke sAtha hI kalAparaka sAmagrI kA bhI samAveza hotA hai| purANa yA carita granthoM meM varNita sAmagrI anya pakSoM ke sAtha hI mUrtikalA, lakSaNa aura sthApatya kI dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ina granthoM meM devamUrti nirmANa evaM unake svarUpoM kI spaSTa AdhArabhUta sAmagrI milatI hai jinake AdhAra para hI 24 tIrthaMkaroM evaM jaina devakula ke anya devoM ke vistRta lakSaNa niyata hue aura unheM mUrta abhivyakti milii| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke kartA hemacandra gujarAta ke eka labdhapratiSTha vidvAn aura zvetAmbara paramparA ke jainAcArya the| isa grantha kI racanA unhoMne apane AzrayadAtA kumAra pAla caulukya ke anurodha para jana-kalyANa ke uddezya se 12vIM zatI I. ke uttarArddha meM kI thii| prastuta grantha meM jaina paramparA ke 63 zalAkApuruSoM ( zreSTha janoM) kA jIvana carita vistArapUrvaka varNita hai| 63 zalAkApuruSoM meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM yA jinoM ke atirikta 12 cakravartiyoM, 9 baladevoM, 9 vAsudevoM tathA 9 prativAsudevoM kA ullekha huA hai| For Private & Perso46 Use Only

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triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra : eka kalAparaka adhyayana hemacanda kA solaMkI (caulukya) zAsakoM jayasiMha, siddharAja (1094-1142I. ) aura kumArapAla (1143-72I. ) kA samakAlIna honA tathA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke zvetAmbara kalA kendroM para zilpAMkana meM AdhArabhUta grantha ke rUpa meM triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra kA prayoga, aitihAsika aura kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| jJAtavya hai ki gujarAta meM jainadharma aura kalA ke vikAsa meM caulukya rAjavaMza (lagabhaga 11vIM-13vIM zatI I.) kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| ajaya pAla ke atirikta sabhI caulukya zAsakoM ne jainadharma ko prazraya diyA jisameM jayasiMha, siddharAja aura kumArapAla vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| caulukya zAsakoM ke kAla meM kaI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa huA aura una para prabhUta saMkhyA meM tIrthaMkaroM evaM anya jaina devI-devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ bniiN| inameM kumbhAriyA ( banAsakAMThA, gujarAta) kA mahAvIra, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM sambhavanAtha mandira (lagabhaga 1061-13vIM zatI I.), dilavAr3A (sirohI, rAjasthAna) kA vimalavasahI aura lUNavasahI (1031-1230 I. ), giranAra (gujarAta) kA neminAtha mandira (1228I. ), tAraMgA (gujarAta) kA ajitanAtha mandira (1164I. ) zatrujaya pahAr3I kA AdinAtha mandira (12vIM zatI kA uttarArddha) evaM jAlaura (rAjasthAna) kA mahAvIra mandira (mUlataH pArzvanAtha ko samarpita, 1164I. ) sarvapramukha haiN| tAraMgA aura jAlaura ke jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa kumArapAla ke kAla meM huA thaa| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra kalAparaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se niHsandeha hI anya kisI bhI kathAparaka zvetAmbara yA digambara grantha kI apekSA adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| isa grantha ke varNana kI pRSThabhUmi meM hI gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM kumbhAriyA, tAraMgA, dilavAr3A, jAlaura jaise zvetAmbara sthaloM para vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI svatantra mUrtiyoM, unake pUrvabhavoM evaM jIvanacarita, (kumbhAriyA evaM dilavAr3A), mahAvidyAoM aura tIrthaMkaroM ke yakSa-yakSiyoM kA zilpAMkana huaa| isI prakAra bAhubalI ke sAtha unakI bahinoM brAhmI evaM sundarI kA aMkana tathA vibhinna sthaloM para jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kI pRSThabhUmi bhI prastuta grantha meM draSTavya hai| jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra mUrti ke lakSaNaparaka ullekha sarvaprathama isI grantha meM milate haiN| yadyapi hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM kisI pUrvavartI AcArya athavA unakI kRtiyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, kintu viSaya sAmagrI se yaha sarvathA spaSTa hai ki pUrva se calI A rahI paramparA kA hI hemacandra ne nyUnAdhika anukaraNa kiyA hai aura usI meM vivaraNa evaM lakSaNa kI dRSTi se aura adhika vikAsa kiyaa| Agama granthoM ke atirikta paumacariya (473I. ), vasudevahiNDI (lagabhaga 609I.), harivaMzapurANa (783I. ), kahAklI (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I.), tiloyapaNNatti (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I. ), jinasena evaM guNabhadrakRta mahApurANa (9vIM - 10vIM zatI I. ) evaM tissaThimahApurisaguNalaMkAru (977I. ) kI paramparA tathA yakSa-yakSI ke nirUpaNa meM nirvANakalikA (pAdaliptasUrikRta lagabhaga 10vIM zatI I. ) kA prabhAva pUrI taraha spaSTa hai| isa grantha para brAhmaNa paramparA (mukhyataH mahAkAvyoM evaM purANoM) kA prabhAva bhI parilakSita hotA hai| hemacandra ne vibhinna kathAoM ko brAhmaNa paramparA se grahaNa kara jainadharma ke anurUpa prastuta karane ____For Private & Person47se Only

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DaoN. zubhA pAThaka kI ceSTA kI hai| isa sandarbha meM mahAbhArata evaM rAmAyaNa meM varNita kramazaH nala aura damayantI tathA puruhuta evaM gautama kI patnI ahilyA kI kathAe~ vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai| nala-damayantI kI kathA meM damayantI kA ullekha devadantI nAma se kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra uSA aura aniruddha kI kathA kA ullekha hameM harivaMzapurANa (mahAbhArata kA prakSipta aMza) meM milatA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra meM varNita suvarNabAhu aura padmA kI kathA kAlidAsa ke abhijJAnazAkuntalam para AdhArita hai| aise hI jamadagni kI kathA kA AdhAra bhI mahAbhArata hai| tulanAtmaka mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se ye sabhI kathAe~ rocaka aura mahattvapUrNa haiN| rAma aura kRSNa ko kuSANa guptakAla meM hI jainadharma aura kalA meM sammilita kiyA jA cukA thaa| hemacandra ne unakA vistArapUrvaka ullekha kiyA aura paramparAnurupa unheM 63 zalAkApuruSoM ke antargata rakhA hai| isa prakAra hemacandra kI isa kRti meM jaina paramparA ke tIrthakaroM ke sAtha hI adhikAMza bhAratIya paramparA yA kinhIM arthoM meM vaidika aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke devatAoM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka ullekha huA hai jinameM kabhI-kabhI unake lakSaNaparaka ullekha bhI milatA hai| viSayavastu aura mukhya lakSaNoM kI dRSTi se hemacandra kI isa kRti kA zvetAmbara sthaloM kI mUrtiyoM para spaSTa prabhAva dikhAyI detA hai| viSaya vaividhya tathA tatkAlIna kalAparaka evaM sAMskRtika aura dhArmika jIvana se sambandhita sAmagrI kI dRSTi se yaha kRti anupama evaM aitihAsika mahattva kI hai| isa grantha meM dasa paryoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kI jIvanacarita evaM dharmadezanA kA varNana huA hai| yaha grantha jainadharma meM tapazcaryA evaM tyAga ke mahattva tathA usake AdhArabhUta siddhAnta ko pratipAdita karatA hai| kumArapAla caulukya dvArA vItabhayapattana (gujarAta) kA utkhanana karavAkara vidyunmAlI dvArA nirmita jIvantasvAmI mahAvIra kI pratimA prApta kiye jAne jaise sandarbha aitihAsika mahattva ke haiM jo eka ora mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla (lagabhaga chaThI zatI I.pUrva) meM jIvantasvAmI rUpa meM vastrAbhUSaNoM se sajjita unakI pratimA nirmANa evaM pUjana kI pUrva paramparA kA samarthana karate haiM vahIM bhArata meM devamUrti nirmANa evaM pUjana kI prAcInatA se sambandhita mahattvapUrNa sAkSya bhI prastuta karate haiN| purAtattva evaM utkhanana ke sAhityika sandarbha kI dRSTi se bhI hemacandra kI yaha sUcanA mahattvapUrNa hai| isake atirikta yaha grantha prAcIna bhAratIya samAja ke vividha pakSoM evaM paramparAoM ko bhI ujAgara karatA hai yathA -- AdinAtha ke vivAha ke sandarbha meM varNita vibhinna prathAe~ tathA rIti-rivAja, gandharva vivAha kA pracalana, pitA-putrI ke madhya vivAha kI prathA aadi| tIrthaMkaroM dvArA diye gaye upadezoM ke mAdhyama se jainadarzana para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| uparyukta adhyayana ko prastuta zodha-prabandha meM ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai, jo kramazaH prastAvanA, jainadevakula, tIrthaMkara (jina), jinetara zalAkApuruSa, yakSa-yakSI (zAsana devatA), vidyAdeviyA~ tathA anya devI-devatA zIrSakoM se abhihita haiN| AThavA aura antima adhyAya upasaMhAra hai| anta meM pA~ca pariziSTa bhI diye gaye haiM jisameM jaina pothI citra, samavasaraNa, caitya tathA jaina mUrtilakSaNa tAlikA sammilita haiN| Age vistRta sandarbha-sUcI tathA citra-sUcI bhI dI gayI hai| viSaya ko bhalI-bhA~ti spaSTa karane ke Azaya se 54 citra bhI diye gaye haiN| For Private & Pe48 al Use Only

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zodha-prabandha kA sAra-saMkSepa kAzI ke ghATa : kalAtmaka evaM sAMskRtika adhyayana - DaoN. harizaMkara vizva kI prAcIna nagariyoM meM kAzI eka mAtra aisI nagarI hai jahA~ kI dhArmika-sAMskRtika cetanA aura gatividhiyA~ prAcIna kAla se Aja taka jIvanta aura gatimAna rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| kAzI kI dhArmika sAMskRtika nirantaratA ke mUla meM yahA~ kI dhArmika-sAMskRtika samanvaya kI pravatti rahI hai| kAzI kA yaha samanvayAtmaka virATa svarUpa gaMgAtaTa ke ghAToM para mUrtimAna rUpa meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| kAzI meM vibhinna saMskRtiyoM ke prabhAva aura parasparatA kA mUla gaMgA ke taTa para isakI sthiti rahI hai| sAtha hI pUrva meM kalakattA, paTanA tathA uttara meM ilAhAbAda, kAnapura, ayodhyA aura kannauja jaise nagaroM ke sAtha isakA vyApArika sambandha bhI mahattvapUrNa rahA hai| prAk mauryakAla se I.pU. ke madhya ghAToM para yakSa, nAga aura prakRti pUjana kI dhArmika paramparA rahI hai| sAMskRtika kriyA-kalApoM meM jalotsava, mandirotsava sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa the| isa kAla taka ghAToM kI dhArmika-sAMskRtika gatividhiyA~ rAjaghATa aura samIpavartI kSetroM taka hI sImita thI kintu I. san ke bAda ghAToM kA kramazaH vikAsa huA aura unakI dhArmika-sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM meM vRddhi huii| asi se Adi kezava taka phaile 79 ghAToM para vibhinna bhaugolika kSetroM evaM sAmAjika-dhArmika parivezoM se sambaddha sAMskRtika jIvana ke darzana hote haiN| ghAToM eva ghAToM ke samIpavartI kSetroM meM sampUrNa bhArata ke logoM kA nivAsa hai, jahA~ unakI samagra sAMskRtika gatividhiyA~ sampanna hotI. haiN| kAzI ke ghAToM para dhArmika-sAMskRtika dRSTi se vibhinnatA meM ekatA kI paramparA kA vyAvahArika rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai| ghAToM para vibhinna kSetrIya saMskRtiyA~ apanA svatantra astitva kAyama rakhate hue kAzI kI paramparAgata rahana-sahana, bhASA-bolI, AcAra-vicAra, parva-mahotsava meM pUrI taraha ghulI-milI haiN| kAzI meM gaMgA ke uttaravAhinI hone ke kAraNa bhI isakI vizeSa dhArmika mAnyatA rahI hai| kAzI meM gaMgA ke darzana, pUjana, sparza, nAma uccAraNa, gaMgA vAyu evaM jala ke savana aura gaMgAsnAna sabhI ko puNyadAyI mAnA gayA hai| phalataH sampUrNa bhArata ke rAjAoM-mahArAjAoM, sAdhu-santoM, sAmAnya evaM yAcakajanoM ne kAzI meM gaMgA taTa ke ghAToM para hI apanA nivAsa banAyA jisake phalasvarUpa gaMgA taTa ke ghAToM para sampUrNa bhArata ke loga aura unase jur3I dhArmika-sAMskRtika gatividhiyA~ vikasita huii| ghAToM evaM ghAToM ke samIpavartI kSetroM meM Andhra, karnATaka, tamila, mahArASTrI, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, bihArI, bhojapurI, baMgAlI, paMjAbI, sindhI evaM nepAlI logoM kI bahulatA alaga-alaga ghAToM para draSTavya hai| ghAToM para snAnArthiyoM ke sAtha hI tIrtha yAtriyoM, deza-videza ke paryaTakoM, paNDe-purohitoM, vyApAriyoM, nAvikoM, dhobiyoM, nAiyoM, DomoM (harizcandra For Private & Personase Only

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kAzI ke ghATa : kalAtmaka evaM sAMskRtika adhyayana evaM maNikarNikA ghAToM para) yAcakoM, karmakANDiyoM, tapasviyoM, tAMtrikoM, kalAkAroM evaM kalA sAdhakoM, strI-puruSoM, bAlaka-bRddhoM Adi sabhI kI upasthiti dekhI jA sakatI hai| ghAToM para bhAMga-bUTI chAnane, daNDa-baiThaka lagAne, gadA-jor3I pherane evaM naukA vihAra jaisI dainika kriyAoM ke atirikta vibhinna paryoM evaM avasaroM para Ayojita naukA daur3a, tairAkI, vATara polo, mukkebAjI (mukkI) gaMgA meM naukAoM para Ayojita nRtya-saMgIta, gAyana-vAdana, dIpAvalI evaM kArtika pUrNimA ko hone vAlA dIpa prajjvalana, nAga-nathaiyA (kAliya nAgamardana) melA, rAmalIlA, nRsiMha melA, durgApUjA, kAlIpUjA, sarasvatIpUjA, gaNezapUjA evaM vizvakarmApUjA ke pazcAt mUrtiyoM ke gaMgA meM visarjana jaise avasaroM para kAzI aura kAzI ke bAhara ke logoM kI sAmuhika upasthiti hotI hai| prastuta prabandha meM matsyapurANa, liMgapurANa, agnipurANa, vAyupurANa, skandapurANa ke kAzIkhaNDa, brahmavaivartapurANa ke kAzI rahasya tathA kRtyakalpataru evaM tristhalIsetu jaise granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| uparyukta purANoM evaM granthoM ke atirikta 14vIM se 17vIM zatI I. ke madhya ke kaI anya granthoM meM ghAToM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinakA samucita upayoga kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI gahar3avAla evaM anya upalabdha lekhoM, prakAzita vidvAnoM ke lekhoM, pustakoM kA bhI pUrA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| svayaM maiMne ghAToM kA vistRta sarvekSaNa kiyA hai aura usake AdhAra para ghAToM ke atIta aura vartamAna ke sAMskRtika aura kalAtmaka svarUpa ko prastuta karane kI ceSTA kI hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha chaH adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prastAvanA se sambandhita prathama adhyAya meM kAzI ke dhArmika-sAMskRtika mahattva kI saMkSipta vivecanA ke sAtha hI ghAToM kA mahattva bhI batAyA gayA hai| pUrva kAryoM kI vivecanA bhI kI gayI hai| dUsare adhyAya meM prArambha se lekara 18vIM zatI I. taka ke ghAToM ke aitihAsika vikAsa ko unake dhArmika-sAMskRtika mahattva kI pRSThabhUmi meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| tIsare adhyAya meM vartamAna (19vIM-20vIM zatI I. ) meM kAzI ke ghAToM kI sthiti evaM unake dhArmika-sAMskRtika mahattva kA vistAra pUrvaka adhyayana huA hai| cauthe adhyAya meM asi se Adikezava taka ke ghAToM para sthita vibhinna sthApatya zailiyoM vAle mandiroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pAMcavA adhyAya ghAToM para sthita mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM se sambandhita hai| isa adhyAya meM mandiroM meM pratiSThita ziva (liMga rUpa) viSNu, sUrya (mukhyataH Aditya rUpa), zakti, gaNeza, brahmA, hanumAna tathA gaMgA evaM navagraha kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI jaina mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM kA bhI adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna ghAToM para bikharI (7vIM se 18vIM zatI I. kI) umA mahezvara, dakSiNA mUrti, kalyANa sundara, gajAntaka, bhairava, viSNu, zeSazAyI viSNu, balarAma-revatI, kArtikeya, pArvatI, mahiSamardinI, gajalakSmI Adi prAcIna deva mUrtiyoM kA bhI isa adhyAya meM nirupaNa huA hai| antima adhyAya upasaMhAra ke rUpa meM hai jisameM sampUrNa adhyayana ke niSkarSoM ko kramabaddha rUpa meM saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI Adhunika badalAva kI paristhitiyoM evaM manovRtti kI pRSThabhUmi meM ghAToM ke pAramparika svarUpa kI rakSA ke lie kucha sujhAvoM kA bhI saMketa kiyA gayA hai|

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'DaoN. harizaMkara zodha-prabandha ke anta meM do paraziSTa diye gaye haiM jinameM ghAToM para yatra-tatra bikharI va __ mandiroM meM surakSita prAcIna mUrtiyoM (prArambha se 16vIM zatI I. taka) aura ghAToM para sthita maMdiroM kI vistRta sUcI dI gayI hai| pariziSTa ke pazcAt vistRta sandarbha-sUcI evaM citra-sUcI aura 162 raMgIna tathA zveta-zyAma citra diye gaye haiN| pro. narendra bhANAvata kA asAmayika nidhana . jaina vidyA evaM hindI ke labdha pratiSTha vidvAna, karmaTha evaM prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva ke dhanI hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura ke pro. narendra bhANAvata ko 4 navambara, 1993 ko kAla ke krUra hAthoM ne asamaya meM hI hamase chIna liyaa| DaoN. narendra bhANAvata kA janma sitambara san 1934 ko kAnor3a ( udayapura ) meM huA thaa| pichale chaH mahIne se Apa kaisara roga se grasta the| bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI DaoN. bhANAvata adamya utsAha se bhare rahate the| jJAna sAdhanA evaM sAmAjika gatividhiyoM ke kSetra meM ApakA ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai| Apane hindI, rAjasthAnI tathA jaina sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM meM 50 se adhika granthoM kA praNayana kiyA, do darjana se adhika granthoM kA sampAdana kiyaa| gata tIna dazaka se "jinavANI" mAsika kA sampAdana kara Apane aneka mahattvapUrNa paThanIya evaM mananIya vizeSAMka prakAzita kiye haiN| kaiMsara vyAdhi kI asIma vedanA ke kSaNoM meM bhI Apane 40 kavitAoM kA saMgraha "ai mere mana" likhaa| sAhitya evaM samAja ke prati ApakI sevAoM ko samAja ne svIkArA aura ApakA sammAna karate hue zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha, bIkAnera ne 'akSara prajJa' upAdhi pradAna karate hue 51 hajAra rupaye kI rAzi bheMTa kii| akhila bhAratIya zrI jaina ratna hitaiSI zrAvaka saMgha, jodhapura evaM samyAjJAna pracAraka maNDala, jayapura ne Apako "sAhitya manISI" upAdhi se sammAnita kara eka lAkha rupaye kI thailI bheTa kI thii| akhila bhAratIya stara para jaina samAja kI dhArmika, sAmAjika, sAhityika saMsthAoM ke mAdhyama se bahumUlya yogadAna karane vAle isa sarala, ADambaravihIna evaM nirabhamAnI sAdhaka se abhI jaina samAja ko bar3I AzAyeM thiiN| unakI kSati apUraNIya hai| unhoMne kaiMsara kI asIma vedanA ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana kara eka anukaraNIya Adarza upasthita kiyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama parivAra unheM apanI vinamra zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hai| 51

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pustaka-samIkSA "zabdoM kI gAgara meM Agama kA sAgara", lekhaka - AcArya zrI devendramuni, prakAzaka - zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura, prakAzana varSa - 1682, pR. 218, mUlya 50/- maatr| prastuta kRti meM AcArya zrI devendra muni jI ne tIna mahattvapUrNa AgamoM AcArAMga, sthAnAMga evaM samavAyAMga kI viSayavastu kA tulanAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| isa pustaka ke tIna khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM AcArAMgasUtra kA antaraMga darzana, AcArAMga kA vyAkhyA sAhitya, isa Agama se cune hue subhASita vacana Adi saMkalita haiN| isa khaNDa ke 'samagra-darzana' nAmaka adhyAya meM AcArAMga kI viSaya-vastu, isake kartA Adi ke viSaya meM bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM sthAnAMgasUtra kA svarUpa aura paricaya, isakA dArzanika vizleSaNa, sthAnAMga para likhita vyAkhyA sAhitya evaM sthAnAMga se cune subhASita vacana haiN| isa khaNDa meM sthAnAMgasUtra kA jo bauddha aura vaidika granthoM se tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai, vaha atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| pustaka ke tatIya aura antima khaNDa meM samavAyAMgasUtra ke mahattva ko pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI isakI viSayavastu kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| pustaka tInoM AgamoM ke svarUpa ko una pAThakoM ke sammukha prastuta karane meM upayogI hai, jo ina mUla AgamoM kA vistRta aura gahana adhyayana na kara pAne ke kAraNa inakA lAbha uThAne se vaMcita raha jAte haiN| pustaka aneka dRSTiyoM se upayogI hai| "barasAta kI eka rAta", lekhaka - gaNeza lalavAnI, anuvAda - rAjakumArI begAnI, prakAzana - prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1993, AkAra - krAuna solahapejI, pR.102, mUlya 45/- maatr| _ gaNeza lalavAnI dvArA likhita pustaka 'barasAta kI eka rAta jaina kathAoM kA eka anUThA saMgraha hai| isa prastaka meM lalavAnI jI kI nau kahAniyA~ saMkalita haiN| ina kathAoM meM 'nAga kI AtmakathA', pATalIputra kA itivRtta, zakunikA vihAra, 'uDana tastarI' Adi pramukha haiN| 52

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pATalIputra kA itivRtta nAmaka kathA meM pATalIputra ke nAmakaraNa kI vivecanA milatI hai| zakunikA vihAra kathA meM lekhaka ne bhar3auca kI jAmA masjida ke bAre meM likhA hai -- 'zakunikA vihAra jaina mandira ko IsvI san 1329 meM gayAsuddIna tugalaka ne masjida meM rUpAntarita kara diyaa|' aisA jAmA masjida ke purAtattva vibhAga ke pleTa meM likhA hai| yaha eka aitihAsika tathya hai| isameM varNita anya kathAoM meM bhI na kevala manoraMjana hai apitu jIvana aura darzana ke aneka satya ughATita hote haiN| isa pustaka kA Amukha vidvAna sampAdaka DaoN. nemIcandajI jaina dvArA likhA gayA hai| isake sAtha isa pustaka ke anta meM kucha mahattvapUrNa sammatiyA~ bhI haiN| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA sundara hai| bhASA sarala, mudraNa sundara evaM nirdoSa haiN| pustaka paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| "varddhamAna mahAvIra", lekhaka - gaNeza lalavAnI, anuvAda - rAjakumArI begAnI, prakAzikA - puSpAvaida, 16 mahendrarAya lena, gobarA, kalakattA, AkAra - DimAI, aThapejI, pR.saM. 159, prathama saMskaraNa 1993, mUlya 60/- maatr| prastuta pustaka gaNeza lalavAnI dvArA mUla baMgalA meM likhita 'varddhamAna mahAvIra' kA hindI rUpAntara hai| zrImatI rAjakumArI begAnI ne lekhaka ke mUla bhAvoM ko saghana evaM sakSama rUpa se hindI meM prastuta kiyA hai| isa pustaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kI aneka ghaTanAoM kA sajIva citraNa kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI varddhamAna ke jIvana para AdhArita puSpA vaida dvArA banAye gaye mahattvapUrNa evaM sundara bahuraMgI citra bhI isa pustaka meM diye gaye haiM jisase pustaka kA mahattva aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai| pustaka mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana ke vividha pahaluoM ko atyanta manoraMjaka DhaMga se prastuta karatI hai| isakI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka aura mudraNa nirdoSa hai| pustaka paThanIya evaM upayogI hai| "jainadarzana aura kabIra eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana", lekhikA - sAdhvI DaoN. maMjuzrI, prakAzaka -- Aditya prakAzana, naI dillI, prathama saMskaraNa, 1992, AkAra - DimAI aThapejI, pR. 456, mUlya 450/- maatr| prastuta kRti sAdhvI maMjuzrI jI kI zodha kRti hai jisa para unheM pUnA vizvavidyAlaya se For Private personal Use Only

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pI-eca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta huI hai| vartamAna meM jo zodha prabandha A rahe haiM unakI tulanA meM yaha prabandha viziSTa hai| yaha kevala kabIra aura jainadarzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM apitu jainadharma aura darzana kA AdyopAMta pramANa purAtatva pratipAdana hai| isameM jainadharma-darzana aura itihAsa sabhI kucha apane prAmANika srotoM ke AdhAra para prastuta kiye gaye haiN| isameM jaina-darzana kA prastutIkaraNa sampradAya nirapekSa aura taTastha dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| vizeSatA yaha hai ki pratyeka vicAra yA paramparA ke vikAsa kA kAlakrama se prastutIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| karmakANDa, jAtivAda Adi kI samIkSA kI dRSTi se prastuta kRti meM jo vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, vaha niHsandeha advitIya hai| jaina darzana ke pratyeka pakSa para tulanAtmaka rUpa se kabIra ke mantavyoM kA prastutIkaraNa isa tathya kA pramANa hai ki sAdhvI zrI ne na kevala jainadarzana kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA hai, apitu unhoMne kabIra ke sAhitya meM bhI gaharI DubakI lagAI hai| prastuta kRti 6 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM jaina paramparA kA Adi kAla se lekara kabIra ke yuga taka kA sAMgopAMga itivRtta varNita hai| dUsare adhyAya meM jaina tattvamImAMsA aura kabIra kI tattvamImAMsA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana hai| tRtIya adhyAya jainadharma aura kabIra kI sAdhanA paddhati ke vividha AyAmoM ko ujAgara karatA hai| caturtha aura paMcama adhyAyoM meM kramazaH zrAvakAcAra aura zramaNAcAra kA vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| SaSThama adhyAya upasaMhAra spa hai, jisameM jainadharma darzana aura kabIra ke mantavyoM kA tulanAtmaka niSkarSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prastuta kRti kI bhASA sahaja aura pravAhamaya hai| sAmAnya pAThaka bhI ise samajhane meM kahIM kliSTatA kA anubhava nahIM krte| tulanA ke kSetra meM bhI sAdhvI jI pUrNa taTasthatA banAye rkhiiN| Agraha-durAgraha aura paramparA-poSaNa kA koI bhI prayatna nahIM kiyA jo ki eka acche zodha-prabandha kI vizeSatA hai| kRti na kevala vidvAnoM apitu una sAmAnyajanoM ke lie bhI upayogI hai, jo jainadharma aura darzana ke mUla utsa ko samajhanA cAhate haiN| sAja-sajjA ArkaSaka aura mudraNa nirdoSa hai| pratyeka pustakAlaya ke lie yaha kRti saMgrahaNIya hai| "AtmA hI hai zaraNa", lekhaka - DaoN. hukumacanda bhArilla, prakAzaka - paNDita ToDaramala smAraka, TrasTa, jayapura, prathama-saMskaraNa, 1993, pR. 230, mUlya 11/- mAtra / prastuta kRti ke lekhaka DaoN. hukumacanda bhArilla videzoM meM base bhAratIya jainoM meM unakI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgRta karane tathA jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke kArya meM lage haiN| videzoM meM DaoN. bhArilla ne aneka vyAkhyAna die, jinheM ve vItarAga-vijJAna ke sampAdakIya meM likhate rahe. haiN| isa kRti meM unake kaI pustakAkAra vyAkhyAnoM ko saMzodhita karake 'AtmA hI hai zaraNa nAma se prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| For Private 254rsonal Use Only

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isa pustaka meM videzoM meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra kI AvazyakatA, videzoM meM jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra kI sambhAvanAe~, AtmA hI paramAtmA hai tathA AtmA hI hai zaraNa ke antargata kula ATha vyAkhyAna haiM tathA anta meM tIna pariziSTa bhI haiN| AtmA hI hai zaraNa nAmaka lekha meM NamokAra maMtra para gaharAI se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| anya lekha bhI rocaka evaM upayogI haiN| pustaka ArkaSaka va mudraNa zuddha hai| yaha pustaka sAmAnya pAThakoM ke lie vizeSa upayogI hai| kRti saMgrahaNIya hai| "samayasAra anuzIlana", lekhaka - DaoN. hukumacanda bhArilla, prakAzaka - paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura, dvitIya saMskaraNa, 1993, pR. 246, mUlya 10/- mAtra / prastuta kRti samayasAra anuzIlana ke lekhaka DaoN. hukumacanda bhArilla jaina jagata ke bahuzruta vidvAna haiN| Apane Atmadharma aura vItarAga-vijJAna ke sampAdakIya ke rUpa meM aneka viSayoM para kAphI kucha likhA hai| samayasAra adhyAtmapremiyoM ke lie to bahucarcita viSaya hai hI sAtha hI sAtha yaha Aja jana-jana ke paThana-pAThana kI vastu ho gayI hai| isa kRti meM DaoN. bhArilla ne 1 se 25 taka gAthAoM evaM kalazoM kA padyAnuvAda prastuta kiyA hai| Apane pratyeka gAthA ke marma ko bakhUbI ujAgara kiyA hai| isa kRti kA tIna mAha ke andara dUsarA saMskaraNa prakAzita honA isakI mUlyavattA ko batAtA hai| isa pustaka se adhyAtma premI jaina samAja evaM sAdhAraNajana ko samayasAra ke samyak adhyayana kA lAbha mila sakegA aisI AzA hai| pustaka aneka dRSTi se upayogI hai| "upAdhyAya yazovijaya svAdhyAya grantha", sampAdaka - pradyumnavijaya jI jayaMtakoThArI, kAMtibhAI bI.zAha, prakAzaka - mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, agastakrAMti mArga, bambaI-36, prakAzana varSa - mArca, 1993, AkAra - DimAI solahapejI, pR. 344+18 prastuta kRti upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI kI trizatAbdI ke avasara para Ayojita saMgoSThI meM yazovijaya jI ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para paThita vividha nibandhoM kA eka saMkalana hai| sabhI nibandha pratiSThita vidvAnoM ke dvArA likhita evaM khojapUrNa haiN| isameM upAdhyAya jI kI vibhinna kRtiyoM kA samIkSAtmaka vivaraNa upalabdha ho jAtA hai| AyojakoM kI yaha viziSTatA rahI ki unhoMne upAdhyAya jI kI alaga-alaga kRtiyoM para alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM se samIkSaNa krvaayaa| isa prakAra yaha grantha upAdhyAya jI ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva kA samagra vivaraNa prastuta For Private Personal Use Only

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kara detA hai| upAdhyAya jI kI bhASA rahasya Adi aisI aneka kRtiyA~ jo sAmAnyajanoM ko jJAta nahIM unakA bhI prAmANika vivaraNa isameM diyA gayA hai| kevala eka nibandha ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI nibandha gujarAtI bhASA meM haiN| prastuti sundara hai| grantha saMgrahaNIya aura paThanIya hai| isake lie sampAdaka aura prakAzaka dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| bhaviSya meM yadi ina lekhoM kA hindI anuvAda prastuta kiyA jAya to hindI bhASI pAThakoM ko lAbha hogaa| grantha kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai evaM mudraNa nirdoSa hai| "gAthA", vAcanA-pramukha -- AcArya tulasI, praNayana - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, saMpAdana - sAdhvI pramukhA kanakaprabhA, prakAzaka - jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna lADanUM, (rAjasthAna), prathama saMskaraNa, 1993, pR.saM. 500, mUlya 250/- mAtra / prastuta kRti vastutaH eka saMgraha grantha hai| isameM jainadharma-darzana evaM AcAra se sambandhita sabhI mahattvapUrNa viSayoM para Agama vacana saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| sarvaprathama isameM samatA kI jaina avadhAraNA kA pratipAdana hai usake bAda samyagadarzana, samyagajJAna evaM samyakcAritra se sambandhita pramukha aMza AgamoM se saMkalita haiN| samyakcAritra ke antargata hI munidharma evaM gRhasyadharma ke sandarbho kA saMkalana bhI hai| paMcama adhyAya meM jJAna evaM kriyA ke samanvaya sambandhI vicAroM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| SaSThama evaM saptama adhyAya meM sRSTipAda evaM kAlacakra se sambandhita viSayoM kA prastutikaraNa hai| aSTama adhyAya meM sAmAjika vyavasthA va navama adhyAya meM dharmasaMgha kI vyavasthA sambandhI Agamika sandarbho ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dazama tIrthaMkara paramparA aura mahAvIra tathA unakI ziSya saMpadA se sambandhita hai| ekAdaza adhyAya meM jainazikSA vidhi ke vividha pakSoM ko saMkalita kiyA gayA hai| dvAdaza adhyAya meM dharma, trayodaza meM vItarAga sAdhanA tathA caturdaza adhyAya meM vizvazAnti va niHzastrIkaraNa se sambandhita Agamika sandarbha saMkalita haiN| paMcadaza va SoDaza adhyAya kramazaH AtmavAda va karmasiddhAnta se sambandhita haiN| saptadaza va aSTAdaza meM kramazaH nayavAda va anekAntavAda se sambandhita Agamika sandarbha saMkalita haiN| grantha kA dvitIya khaNDa mahAvIra kA jIvanavRtta prastuta karatA hai isameM unakA pArivArika vivaraNa, sAdhanA aura tIrtha pravartana se sambandhita Agamika sandarbha prastuta haiN| isaprakAra sampUrNa grantha jainadharma va darzana sambandhI Agamika uddharaNa kA eka suvyavasthita va saMkSipta saMkalana hai| ise hama jainadharma sUkta koSa bhI kaha sakate haiN| AcArya tulasI kA dizA nirdeza va yuvAcArya mahAprajJa kI prajJA se niSpanna yaha grantha na kevala sAmAnya adhyetAoM ke lie apitu vidvAnoM zodhakartAoM ke lie bhI upayogI hai kyoMki yaha jainadharma, darzana va AcAra sambandhI sabhI pakSoM ke Agamika sandarbho ko eka hI sthAna para sulabha kara detA hai| grantha kI eka kamI sabase adhika khalatI hai, vaha yaha ki isameM saMkalita vacanoM ke mUlasrotoM ke sandarbha nahIM diye gaye hai| yadi ye sandarbha diye For Private & 56 nal Use Only

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jAte to grantha kI upayogitA aura adhika bar3ha jAtI aura yaha zodhakartAoM ke liye bhI upayogI bana jAtA / sambhavataH agale saMskaraNa meM isa kamI kA parimArjana kara diyA jaayegaa| isa prakAra kahIM-kahIM mUla aura artha meM samarUpatA kA abhAva hai yathA adhyAya 1, sUkta 31, pR.19 1 grantha ke anta meM dI gayI sUkta va subhASita tathA pAribhASika zabdakoSa evaM nAmAnukrama grantha kI mahattA bar3hA dete haiN| mudraNa nirdoSa hai, grantha saMgrahaNIya evaM paThanIya hai| AcArya zrI tulasI ko indirAgAMdhI rASTrIya ekatA puraskAra indirA gAMdhI rASTrIya ekatA puraskAra una vyaktiyoM ko pradAna kiyA jAtA hai jo AdhyAtmika mUlyaniSThA ke AdhAra para sAmpradAyika sauhArda tathA upekSitoM kI madada karate hue rASTrIya ekatA ko sudRr3ha karate haiN| isa varSa kA rASTrIya ekatA puraskAra aNuvrata Andolana ke praNetA aura mAnavatAvAdI AcArya zrI tulasI ko pradAna kiyA gyaa| AcArya tulasI sarvaprathama apane ko eka mAnava mAnate haiM aura mAnavIya mUlyoM kI sthApanA hetu samarpita haiN| ve manuSyoM meM AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyoM ke vikAsa hetu aNuvrata Andolana ke prastotA haiN| rASTra meM ahiMsA aura zAnti kI sthApanA ke lie sadaiva prayatnazIla rahe haiN| vastutaH ve puraskAra aura sammAna se nirapekSa hai ve kahate haiM maiM kevala AtmaniSThA aura ahiMsA kI sAdhanA kI dRSTi se hI kArya karatA hU~ merI na koI AkAMkSA hai aura na koI sprdhaa| vastutaH unakA yaha sammAna mAnavIya mUlyoM ke prati samarpita vyaktiyoM kA sammAna hai, kartavyaniSThA kA sammAna hai| AcAryazrI ko diye gaye isa sammAna se sampUrNa jaina samAja apane ko gauravAnvita anubhava karatA hai aura yaha maMgala kAmanA karatA hai ki AcAryazrI AdhyAtmika aura naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA aura rASTrIya ekatA ke lie yugoM-yugoM taka hamArA mArga prazasta karate rheN| For Private ersonal Use Only

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pI-eca.DI. upAdhi prApta 1. zrI jitendra bI. zAha, nidezaka, zAradAbahana cimanabhAI ejukezanala risarca senTara, ahamadAbAda ko dvAdazAranayacakra kA dArzanika adhyayana viSaya para darzana vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI dvArA pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI gayI hai| Apane pArzvanAtha zodhapITha ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina ke nirdezana meM apanA zodhapatra prastuta kiyaa| 2. zrI sureza sisodiyA, zodhAdhikArI Agama ahiMsA-samatA evaM prAkRta saMsthAna, udayapura ko "jainadharma ke pramukha sampradAyoM kI darzana tathA AcAra sambandhI samAnatAoM evaM asamAnatAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya para mohanalAla sukhADiyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura dvArA pI.eca.DI. kI upAdhi pradAna kI gaI hai| Apane apanA zodhaprabandha DaoN. esa. Ara. vyAsa (vibhAgAdhyakSa darzana vibhAga) ke nirdezana meM prastuta kiyA thaa| unhoMne pArzvanAtha zodhapITha meM rahakara saMsthAna ke nidezaka pro. sAgaramala jaina ke sahayoga evaM mArgadarzana meM yaha zodhakArya pUrNa kiyA thaa| zAradAbahana cimana mAI ejukezanala risarca senTara ahamadAbAda -- zAradAbahana cimanabhAI ejukezanala risarca senTara ne DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha ke / nidezakatva meM alpa samaya meM hI saMtoSajanaka pragati kI hai| isa saMsthAna ne sarvaprathama bhArata meM jaina AgamoM kI gAthAoM ko kampyUTara meM phIDa krvaayaa| pradatta sUcanA ke anusAra lagabhaga 1 lAkha gAthAe~ phIDa kI gaI haiM, jinheM cAra sau viSayoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| isa prayAsa kI upalabdhi yaha hai ki aba jaina AgamoM kI gAthAoM ko bhArata kI kisI bhI lipi meM lipyAntarita karake par3hA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI vAMchita viSayoM kI gAthAoM ko binA kisI vizeSa zrama ke eka sthAna para saMgrahIta kiyA jA sakatA hai dUsare zabdoM meM Agamika gAthAoM kA viSayAnukrama ke AdhAra para saMkalana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta zve. AgamoM kI gAthAoM kA paraspara tathA digambara paramparA ke AgamoM ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha sampUrNa kArya jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM zodha kArya karane vAloM ke lie bahuta hI upayogI hai| jaina vidyA ke adhyayana ke kSetra meM Adhunika takanIkoM ke upayoga ke lie yaha saMsthA nizcaya hI dhanyavAda kI pAtra hai, isa saMsthA dvArA jainadarzana aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke pramANabhUta itihAsa taiyAra karane kI bRhada yojanA para bhI kArya ho rahA hai| isameM bhArata ke prakhyAta itihAsavidoM kA sahayoga liyA jA rahA hai| 58

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jaina jagat lAvA, garadAragar3ha, 7 navambara, 1993 ko rAjasamanda ke samIpa sthita lAvA saradAragar3ha meM rAjasthAna sAhitya akAdamI aura ambAguru zodha saMsthAna ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM dvidivasIya AMcalika ke racanAkAra sammelana sampanna huaa| isa avasara para rAjasthAna ke vidhi nyAyamaMtrI zAMtilAla capalota bhI upasthita the| isa sammelana meM rAjagthAna zAsana se yaha anurodha kiyA gayA ki vaha sthAna-sthAna para pugatalva saMgrahAlayoM ko sthApita kara rAjasthAna meM vikharI huI asaMkhya pANDulipiyoM ko saMgrahIta aura saMrakSita karane hetu koI kAragara kadama uThAye, tAki bhAratIya saMskRti kI yaha amUlya nidhi bhAvI-pIr3hiyoM ko bhI upalabdha raha ske| mAvalI -- ambAguru zodha saMsthAna ke tattvAvadhAna meM evaM zrI saubhAgyamanijI kamada ke sAnnidhya meM 21 navambara 1993 ko Agama saMgopThI sampanna huii| isa saMgoSThI meM sarvazrI DaoN. premasumana jaina ne "bhagavatIsatra meM paryAvaraNa", DaoN. udayacandra jaina ne "bhagavatIsatra meM bhApAvaijJAnikaadhyayana", DaoN. supamAsiMghavI ne "bhagavatIsUtra meM anekAntavAda", DaoN. hukuma candra jaina ne "bhagavatIsUtra meM pratipAdita svapnadarzana", DaoN. sureza sisodiyA ne "bhagavatIsUtra meM tIrthaMkaroM kI AcAra paramparA meM mAnyatA bheda", kumArI racanA jaina ne "bhagavatIpatra meM vanaspati vijJAna : eka vizlapaNa", DaoN. devakoThArI ne "bhagavatImatra kA aitihAsika adhyayana" aura zrI saubhAgyamunijI ne bhagavatImatra meM parAmanovaijJAnika tatva para apane zodha patroM kA vAcana kiyaa| iga saMgoSThI kI adhyakSatA, DaoN. prema gugana jaina ne kii| isa avagara para gAvalI zrI gaMgha dAga vidvAnoM ko zAla ADhAkara sammAnita kiyA gyaa| maisUra -- maisUra vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRta aura jaina vidyA vibhAga ke antargata dinAMka 16,17 navambara, 1993 ko DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye smRti vyAkhyAnamAlA sampanna huii| isa varSa vyAkhyAnamAlA ke vyAkhyAnadAtA the-- pro. ema.DI. vsntraaj| unhoMne "prAkRta sAhitya ko karnATaka kA avadAna" tathA "bhadrabAhu kI kathAyeM aura unakI aitihAsikatA" viSaya para apane vyAkhyAna diye| ahamadAbAda -- gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda ke antarrASTrIya jaina adhyayana kendra ke antargata DaoN. madharona ke nirdezana meM jaina vidyA aura Adhunika pariprekSya viSaya para eka saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isameM jaina vidyA meM zodha kI sambhAvanAoM aura Adhunika vaijJAnika saMyantroM jaise kampyUTara Adi ke upayoga para gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra-vimarza kiyA gyaa| saMgoSThI ke mukhyavaktA pro. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA the aura saMyojana DaoN. madhusena ne kiyaa| 59

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baMgalora -- zrI hindI zikSaNa saMgha evaM zrI jaina zikSA samiti ke tatvAvadhAna meM zrI jodharAja jI surANA kA abhinandana samAroha dinAMka 21.11.93 ko baMgalora meM sampanna huaa| vidvAnoM dvArA isa kAryakrama meM A. surANA jI kA jIvana paricaya evaM samAja ko unake yogadAna kI rUparekhA prastuta kI gyii| surANAjI jaise vidvAna kA sammAna hamAre lie gaurava kI bAta hai| isa avasara para hama surANA jI ke dIrghAyu hone kI kAmanA karate haiM tAki ve samAja va dharma kI adhikAdhika sevA kara skeN| bhIlavAr3A -- AcArya zrI devendramunijI mahArAja kA janma divasa samAroha dhanaterasa ke parva para dinAMka 11.11.93 ko bhIlavAr3A meM Ayojita kiyA gyaa| isa avasara para aneka zramaNoM ne AcAryazrI ke sambandha meM apane udagAra vyakta kiyA sAtha hI bhIlavAr3A ke jaina samudAya kI ora se savA ghaNTe taka sAmUhika navakAra mahAmaMtra kA jApa bhI kiyA gyaa| isa samAroha meM AcAryazrI ne tana, mana kI vaicArika aura AdhyAtmika sabhI prakAra kI daridratA ko samApta karane kA upadeza diyaa| zrI varddhamAna sthAnakavAsI jaina zrAvaka saMgha, bhIlavAr3A kI ora se vidvAna evaM prabuddha cintaka, sAhitya manISI DaoN. narendra bhANAvatajI kI smRti meM eka zraddhAMjalI sabhA Ayojita kI gyii| DaoN. bhANAvatajI ko zraddhAsumana arpita karate hue saMgha ke adhyakSa zrI semeramala mer3atiyAjI ne kahA ki bhANAvatajI ke cintana se samAja meM naI cetanA kI lahara vyApta ho gayI thii| isa avasara para anya vaktAoM ne bhI divaMgata AtmA ke prati apanI zraddhAMjalI arpita kii| jodhapura -- jodhapura meM dinAMka 31.10.93 se 7.11.93 taka ATha divasIya janmotsava kAryakrama Ayojita hue jisameM AcArya zrI devendra muni jI ma. kA 63vA, mahAsthavirA zrI gaurAjI mahArAja kA 88vA~ evaM sAdhvI ziromaNi sva. zrIpannAdevI jI mahArAja kA 103vA~ janmadivasa kAryakrama sampanna huaa| isa avasara para dhyAna zivira, bhaktAmarastotra kA 24 ghaNTe kA akhaNDa jApa evaM navakAra mahAmaMtra ke jApa kA anuSThAna bhI kiyA gyaa| bhIlavAr3A -- upAdhyAya zrI puSkaramunijI ma. kI janma jayantI kA kAryakrama 21 akTUbara ko bhIlavAr3A meM sampanna huaa| isa pAvana avasara para aneka vidvAnoM dvarA upAdhyAyazrI ke prati zraddhAsumana arpita kiye gye| isa avasara para AcAryazrI ke barA likhita karmavijJAna grantha bhAga 5 tathA AcArya zrI kI anya pustakoM kA lokArpaNa huaa| seTha rasika lAla jI dhArIvAla barA "puSkara guru mahimA" nAmaka ADiyo kaiseTa kA lokArpaNa bhI isa samAroha meM kiyA gyaa|

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0 bhakTUbara-disambara 1993 raji0 naM0 ela039 phona : 311462 transform plastic ideas into beautiful shape NUCHEM MOULDS & DIES Our high-precision moulds and dies are designed to give you moulded product clean flawless lines. Fully tested to give instant production the moulds are made of special alloy steel hard chrome-plated for a better finish. Get in touch with us for information on compression injection or transfer moulds Send a drawing on a sample of your design It required we can undertake jobs right from the designing stage Write to EM PLASTICS LTD. KADAMBARVA Engineering Division 2016. Mathura Road Faridabad (Haryana) Edited Printed and Published by Prof. Sagar Mal Jain, Director, Pujya Sohanlal Smarak Parshvanath Shodhpeeth, Varanasi-221005 www.jainelibrary.og