Jain Jivan Darshan ki Prushtabhumi

Author(s): Dayanand Bhargav
Publisher: Ranvir Kendriya Sanskrit Vidyapith Jammu
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/009861/1

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jaina-jIvana-darzana kI pRSThabhUmi DaoN0 dayAnanda bhArgava prAcArya zrIraNavIra-kendrIya-saMskRta-vidyApITha, jammU zrIraNavIra-kendrIya-saMskRta-vidyApITha, jammU 1675 Pricc20-00 mUlya 2000

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prakAzaka : DaoN0 dayAnanda bhArgava (c) zrIraNavIra-kendrIya-saMskRta-vidyApITha, jammU prathama saMskaraNa : 1975 zAntilAla jaina, jainendra presa, baMgalo roDa, javAhara nagara, dillI-7 dvArA mudrita /

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cintana-sUtra 41 47 1. samasyA : asaMgati 2. dharma : vastusvabhAva 3. dharma : puNyapApAtIta sthiti 4. jJAna : eka Antarika guNa 5. sukha : eka mUlabhUta kAmanA 6. puNya : sukha kA sAdhana 7. dharma : sAdhana nahIM sAdhya 8. bhedAbheda : eka samanvaya 6. sukhAnveSaNa : eka itihAsa 10. sukhaprApti : vidhiparakadRSTi 11. ratnatraya : ikAI 12. kaSAya : RNAtmaka zaktiyAM 13. kaSAyaniSedha : paMcavrata kA amUrtarUpa 14. jIvAjIva : eka anAdi sambandha 15. mukti : svatantratA 16. syAdvAda : samvAda 17. kAlavAda : kAlajayI 18. svabhAvavAda : prakRtivAdI 16. niyativAda : bhAgyajayI 20. puruSa : apanA bhAgya nirmAtA 21. bhautikavAda : yahacchAvAda 22. jAti, janma : puruSArtha 23. puruSa : Izvara aura brahma 24. paJcaparameSThI : vyakti 25. samyagdarzana : saccA zrotA 26. muni : dhyAnapada 27. mukti : prema aura Ananda 48 51 53 75 m

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samasyA : asaMgati mUla samasyA hai merI arthAt vyakti kii| maiM eka vyakti hU~ yaha bhI saMdehAspada hai| yadi maiM eka vyakti hU~ to kauna sA ? jaba maiM tarka ke dharAtala para socatA hU~ to merI cintanadhArA dUsarI hotI hai; jaba maiM bhAvanA ke stara para socatA hU~ to duusrii| jaba mere mana meM bahuta lambe kAla se cale Ane vAle saMskAra mukhara hote haiM to maiM dUsarA vyakti hotA hU~, aura jaba merA viveka prabuddha ho jAtA hai taba maiM dUsarA vyakti hotA huuN| jaba maiM bhAgya para bharosA karatA hU~, jaba maiM parAzrita hotA hU~, to jo vyakti meM hotA hU~ vaha usase sarvathA bhinna hai jo maiM usa samaya hotA hU~ jaba maiM apane puruSArtha para, apane bAhubala para, apane para vizvAsa karate samaya hotA huuN| jisa samaya merI prAkRtika (vastutaH to inheM prAkRtika nahIM, pratyuta vaikRtika kahanA cAhie, kintu abhI hama isa zabda kA prayoga usa artha meM kara rahe haiM jisa artha meM sAmAnyataH kiyA jAtA hai) icchAe~ mujhe apane hAtha kI kaThaputalI banA letI haiM, taba maiM kisI aura hI prakAra nAcane lagatA hU~ aura jisa samaya maiM apanI buddhi kI lagAma ko apane hAthoM meM lekara apanI indriyoM ko, apane uMgalI ke izAre para nacAtA hU~ usa samaya maiM dUsarA hI vyakti ho jAtA huuN| _jaba kabhI maiM apane ina vividha rUpoM para-apane isa virATa rUpa para vicAra karatA hU~ to mujhe apane para ronA aura ha~sanA eka-sAtha AtA hai| jo kucha maiMne apane eka rUpa meM kiyA hotA hai apane dUsare rUpa meM mujhe vaha sarvathA asaMgata aura behUdA naz2ara AtA hai| kyA maiM eka vyakti haiM, yA bahuta sAre vyaktiyoM kI avyavasthita bhIr3a mAtra hU~ ? mere vyaktitva kA eka pakSa, jo sarvathA apane Apa meM eka pUrNa vyaktitva sA lagatA hai, jisakA nirmANa karatA hai, mere apane hI andara baiThA huA eka dUsarA vyakti, usakA vidhvaMsa kara detA hai| yaha tamAzA kyA hai ? merA koI cintana aisA nahIM, jisake mUla meM maiM na baiThA houuN| aura mere isa "maiM" kI yaha dazA hai ki mere ina vividha rUpoM meM se asalI "maiM" kauna-sA hai, yaha pahacAnanA hI dUbhara ho gayA hai| maiM

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apane hI paraspara virodhI vyaktitvoM kI bhIr3a meM mAnoM kho-sA gayA huuN| kisI bhI samasyA para vicAra karUM, yaha samasyA to saba samasyAoM kI jar3a meM baiThI huI hai| mujhe sukha cAhie, mujhe duHkha nahIM cAhie, maiM aisA karatA hU~, maiM aisA karatA thA, maiM aisA kara dUMgA, maiM aisA jAnatA hU~, maiM aisA dekhatA huuN| yAnI "maiM" kahIM kartA hai, kahIM bhoktA hai, kahIM jJAtA hai, kahIM draSTA, para hai saba jgh| aura merA sArA jIvana una kriyAkalApoM meM bIta jAtA hai jinakA kendra "maiM" hai| kintu ina saba kriyAkalApoM se mujhe milatA kyA hai ? merA eka vyaktitva jisakA nirmANa karatA hai, dUsarA use nirmamatA se kucala DAlatA hai| jisakA dUsarA nirmANa karatA hai use tIsarA kucala DAlatA hai| aura maiM apane Apase hI lar3atA huA, jUjhatA huA, saMgharSa karatA huA, jAne kisa ajJAta lakSya kI ora bar3hA cale jAtA huuN| maiMne apane mana se hI kisI ko zatru, kisI ko mitra mAna rakhA hai| para ImAnadArI se kahU~ ki kyA kisI aura zatru ne merA itanA nukasAna kiyA hai jitanA maiMne svayaM apane Apa ? aura kyA kisI aura mitra ne mujhe itanA lAbha pahuMcAyA hai jitanA maiMne Aja taka apane Apako apane apramatta, sAvadhAna, jAgarUka vyavahAra dvArA pahu~cAyA hai? mahAvIra ne kahA,' zrIkRSNa ne kahA aura na jAne kina-kina logoM ne kahA ki manuSya apanA Apa hI zatru hai, Apa hI mitra hai / he manuSya, tU bAhara apane mitroM ko kyoM khojatA hai ? svAvalambI bana / tU apanA mitra Apa hI hai / _isa sabakA kyA abhiprAya hai ? dharma to eka padArtha hai, jJeya hai, vidheya hai / usakA vidhAtA, usakA jJAtA, usakA pAlaka to maiM huuN| maiM pahale apane ko to samajhU / antatogatvA merA kauna-sA svarUpa satya hai ? jIvana meM na jAne kitanI bAra mujhe nirNaya lene hote haiM, kitanI bAra duvidhAe~ Akara khar3I ho jAtI haiN| merA eka rUpa kahatA hai aisA karo, dUsarA mana hotA hai aisA kruuN| meM kiMkartavyavimUr3ha ho jAtA huuN| gItA kahatI hai ki isa viSaya meM kavi bhI vyAmoha meM par3a jAte haiM ki kyA karanA cAhie aura kyA nahIM karanA caahie| 1. appA mittamamittaM ca duppaTThiyasupaThio / uttarAdhyayana 20.30. 2. Atmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH gItA 6. 5. 3. AcArAGga 1. 3. 3. 4. 4. ki karma kimakarmeti kavayo'pyana mohitaaH| gItA 4,16.

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yaha samasyA kyA itanI gUr3ha hai ? pratIta to aisA hotA hai ki yaha buddhi to saba meM sahaja hotI hai ki kyA karanA hai aura kyA nahIM karanA ? phira manISiyoM ko kaisA vyAmoha ? satya hai, kartavya-akartavya kA jJAna nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM saba meM sahaja hai| kintu prazna yaha hai ki kartavya-akartavya to sApekSa haiN| kartA ke badalane para kartavya bhI badala jAtA hai aura kaThinAI yaha hai ki sabakA vyaktitva itanI zIghratA se badalatA hai ki kSaNa meM kucha aura kSaNa meM kucha / to kyA kartavya bhI kSaNa-kSaNa badalegA ? honA to yahI caahie| kintu prazna yaha hai ki jo kucha badalatA hai vaha merA vAstavika svarUpa hai, merA apanA svabhAva hai, yA vibhAva arthAt ve tattva jo maiMne apane cAroM ora se apane andara saMgRhIta kara lie haiM ? aura svabhAva aura vibhAva kI hI pahacAna kyA sarala hai ? bAhara se grahaNa kiye tattva kyA itane adhika saghana to nahIM ho gaye ki unake nIce dabA huA svabhAva pahacAnanA hI durlabha ho jAye ? lagatA aisA hI hai| hamane Upara kahA ki hamArA vyaktitva khaNDa-khaNDa ho gayA hai, TUTa cukA hai| vaha eka akhaNDa ikAI nahIM hai| "muNDe muNDe matira bhinnA" kI bAta to kahI hI jAtI hai para hama svayaM bhI to kSaNa-kSaNa meM bhinna" ho jAte haiM, khaNDita ho jAte haiN| eka kSaNa hameM dhana itanA priya lagatA hai aura dharma kI bhAvanA itanI kSINa par3a jAtI hai ki mAno vaha kabhI thI hI nahIM, aura eka kSaNa pravacana ke Aveza meM hama itane baha jAte haiM ki mAno hamameM vittaiSaNA kA nAma hI nahIM hai| jisa samaya hamameM dhana kI lolupatA prabala hotI hai to na hameM apayaza kI bAdhA AtI hai, na paraloka kA bhaya satAtA hai, aura hama dhana kI prApti ke lie kucha bhI kara gujarane ke lie kaTibaddha ho jAte haiN| dUsare hI kSaNa hameM apanA yaza itanA priya hotA hai, hamArI lokeSaNA itanI prabala hotI hai ki hama usake lie dhana ko pAnI kI taraha bahAne ke lie taiyAra ho jAte haiM, aura jisa samaya hamameM vAsanA prabuddha hotI hai to kucha sUjhatA nahIM hai, pAgala ho jAte haiN| ina saba tathyoM meM paraspara kyA saMgati hai ? maiM phira vahI prazna duharAtA hU~ ki hama eka vyakti haiM yA bahuta se vyaktiyoM kI avyavasthita asaMgata bhIr3a mAtra haiM ? ____aura jaba mujhameM svayaM apane meM itanI asaMgatiyA~ haiM, itane paraspara virodhI tattva haiM, itanI avyavasthA hai, to bhalA dUsare vyakti meM aura mujha meM kyA saMgati hogI, kyA sAmya hogA, kyA tAlamela baiThegA? maiM apane svabhAva kA nizcaya svayaM karane calUM to kyA kara pAUMgA? merA kauna-sA svarUpa maulika hai, AdhArabhUta hai, svAbhAvika hai, satya hai aura kauna-sA svarUpa kRtrima hai, Upara se aor3ha

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( 4 ) liyA gayA hai, vaibhAvika hai ? aura yaha prazna taba aura bhI jaTila ho jAtA hai jaba hama apane AsapAsa dUsare vyaktiyoM para dRSTi DAleM kyoMki jo mujhe sarvathA arucikara hai, vaha dUsaroM ko prAraNoM se bhI adhika priya hai aura jo dUsare ko atyanta priya hai, maiM use kabhI bhI nahIM svIkAra karU~gA, cAhe apane prANoM se hAtha bhI dhonA par3a jAya / taba ucita kyA hai, aura anucita kyA ? lagatA hai gItA ne jaba yaha kahA ki karma kyA hai aura akarma kyA hai isakA jAnanA kaviyoM ke liye bhI kaThina hai, to koI atizayokti nahIM kI thI / kintu vicAraNIya yaha hai ki kyA mere apane ina vividha rUpoM meM koI aisI kar3I hai jo ina sabako jor3atI ho aura phira kyA hama saba meM eka aisI samAna kar3I hai jo hama sabako jor3atI ho arthAt kyA koI aisA mUlabhUta tattva hai jo sabameM samAna ho ? kyoMki yadi aise mUlabhUta tattva ko hama eka bAra pakar3a leM to phira usake AdhAra para eka aise DhAMce kA nirmANa kiyA jA sakatA haiM jo mere apane lie hara avasthAoM meM satya ho aura jo hama saba ke liye saba avasthAoM meM satya ho / kyA koI aisA tatva hai jo hama saba meM mUlabhUta hai, samAna hai, dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to jisane hameM hamArI sattA pradAna kI hai, jisane hameM dhAraNa kiyA hai ? aura bhI dUsarI prakAra kaheM to ki jo hamArA sva-svabhAva hai ? kahanA cAhie pAzcAtya dArzanikoM ne "aithiksa" kI bahuta carcA kI hai / yaha zabda hamAre yahA~ pracalita "dharma" zabda se na kevala bhinna hai, pratyuta kaI arthoM meM usake viparIta bhI haiM / isa zabda kA prAdurbhAva grIka "ethosa" zabda se huA jisake do artha haiM - rItirivAja yA zrAdata' / jo kucha hamane grAsa-pAsa ke vAtAvaraNa se grahaNa kiyA vaha hamArA rItirivAja hai, hamArI paramparA hai aura usakA pAlana paramparA kA pAlana hai / vaha aithiksa hai / kintu jo kucha hamane apane AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa se grahaNa kiyA, vaha merA apanA nahIM hai, use maiMne bAhara se grahaNa kiyA hai / " ethosa" zabda ke dUsare artha 'Adata' para dhyAna deM, to lagegA ki zrAdateM bhI maiMne upalabdha kI haiN| jisa kriyA kI bAra-bAra punarAvRtti huI, vaha merI Adata bana gaI, merA caritra bana gayA / kintu yaha "aithiksa" kA svarUpa donoM hI arthoM meM aisA hai ki isameM bAhya tattva adhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / cAhe paramparA ho cAhe zrAdata, donoM upalabdhiyA~ haiM, donoM prAptiyA~ haiM / kintu jo padArtha bAhara se upalabdha kiyA vaha merI apanI prakRti to nahIM hai, kyoMki 1. Muirhead, John H., The Elements of Ethics, landana, 1610, pR0 4 /

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vaha vijAtIya hai| usakA samasta vikAsa kyA merI usa asaMgati ko, jisa kA abhI hamane ullekha kiyA, vinAza kara sakegA? mere apane andara jo sura besurA ho gayA hai, aura hama sabake jIvana meM jo saMgIta ke sthAna para besurApana A gayA hai, kyA bAhya tattva, cAhe unheM hamane samAja se paramparA ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai, aura cAhe hamane apane hI bhUtakAla se unheM saMskAroM ke rUpa meM upalabdha kiyA hai, hamAre jIvana meM saMgati kA saMgIta utpanna kara sakeMge? hamane Upara kahA hai ki kyA koI aise maulika tattva haiM jinheM hamameM se nikAla liyA jAya to hama hama hI na raheM? yaha eka kAlpanika prazna hai kyoMki vastutaH to isa prazna ke uttara meM jo tattva prApta hogA vaha hamArA avibhAjya aMga hogA; use hamameM se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA skegaa| aura jo hamane kahA ki hama hama na raheM, so bhI eka asambhAvanA hai kyoMki padArtha kI sattA na naSTa kI jA sakatI hai aura na utpanna / para phira bhI yaha prazna rocaka hai kyoMki isake uttara meM hameM apanA svabhAva prApta ho sakatA hai, vaha svabhAva jo hamAre isa asaMgati ke besure sura meM, zAyada eka zAnta mauna kintu atyanta manorama saMgIta utpanna kara de, jo hamArA apane se calane vAle saMgharSa ko vilIna kara de aura jo hamAre dUsare se calane vAle saMgharSa ko bhI vilIna kara de kyoMki ekatva kA darzana hone para anekatva, jo saMgharSa kA mUla hai, vilIna ho jaaegaa| anekatva bhI do prakAra kA ho sakatA hai-eka sattA kA anekatva, eka dharmoM kA anekatva, arthAt eka padArtha dUsare padArtha se dravya kI dRSTi se bhinna ho sakatA hai aura svabhAva kI dRSTi se bhI bhinna ho sakatA hai| vAstavika saMgharSa bhAva kI dRSTi se bhinnatA kA hai, dravya kI dRSTi se bhinnatA kA nhiiN| mahAvIra ne kahA ki jise tuma mAranA cAhate ho, utpIr3ita karanA cAhate ho, vaha tuma svayaM hI ho| to yahAM drava kI ekatA kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA rahA, pratyuta bhAva kI dRSTi se hI ekatA kA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai| yadi vaha bhAvAtmaka aikya hameM prApta ho sakatA hai, to usakA eka hI mArga hai aura vaha hai maulika AdhArabhUta sva-svabhAva kA jJAna / 1. nAsato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / gItA 2.16.

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dharmaH vastusvabhAva vastu kA svabhAva dharma hai| aisA mahAvIra ne kahA / yaha paribhASA vastuparaka hai vyaktiparaka nhiiN| ise jaba vyaktiparaka banAeMge to AtmasvabhAva hI dharma hai, aisA artha phalita hogaa| hamane Upara kahA ki pAzcAtya darzanoM meM aithiksa zabda na kevala dharma ke sahI artha ko batalAne meM asamartha hai, pratyuta kahIMkahIM dharma se viparIta artha kA bhI dyotaka hai / isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki dharma vastu kA svabhAva hai, usakA Atmadharma hai; kintu paramparA yA Adata jise hama "aithiksa" zabda se kahate haiM vaha vastu kA sahaja svabhAva nahIM hai pratyuta bAhara se upalabdha svabhAva hai| yaha upalabdha svabhAva vastutaH svabhAva nahIM hai, vibhAva hai| yaha dharma nahIM hai, dharmAbhAsa hai| yadi dharma zabda ke isa artha para vicAra kareM to hameM lagegA ki rUr3hivAda ke mUla para kuThArAghAta hotA hai / rUr3hiyAM samAja kI dena haiM, dhIre-dhIre vikasita hone vAlI hamAre sahaja svabhAva se bAhyabhUta ghaTanAe~ haiN| ve dharma kaise ho sakatI haiM ? hAM, eka paramparA ko mAnane vAle apanI paramparAoM ko pavitra mAnakara apane ko eka guTa mAna leM, to vaha eka sampradAya bana sakatA hai| kintu yaha sampradAya dharma nahIM hai / dharma aura sampradAya kA kArya eka dUsare ke sarvathA viparIta hai| dharma hamArI vibhinnatAoM ko, vividhatA ko dUra karake ekatA kI sthApanA karatA hai aura sampradAya hameM hamArI vibhinnatAoM ke AdhAra para vibhakta karatA hai| dharma jor3atA hai, sampradAya tor3atA hai| kintu dharma kA artha paramparA kA pAlana bhI avazya rahA hai| yaha paramparA hameM zAstroM meM surakSita milatI hai aura vizva ke sabhI manISiyoM ne zAstra kI mahattA para atyadhika bala diyA hai| svayaM mahAvIra ne kahA hai 'merI AjJA dharma hai / ' mImAMsA darzana ke racayitA jaimini kahate haiM, dharma vahI hai jo zAstra meM kahA gayA hai| gItA meM kRSNa ne kahA ki kArya aura akArya kA yadi viveka karanA ho, to zAstra hI pramANa hai| manusmRti meM veda aura smRti ko dharma ke 1. ANAe mAmagaM dhamma / AcArAGga 1.6.2.180. 2. codanAlakSaNo'rthaH dharmaH / mImAMsAdarzana, banArasa 1926, 1.1.2. 3. tasmAcchAstraM pramANaM te kaaryaakaaryvyvsthitii| gItA, 16.24.

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( 7 ) lakSaNoM meM prathama sthAna diyA gayA / ' kyA yaha saba vAkya jhUThe haiM ? yahAM hameM viveka se kArya lenA hogA / vastusthiti yaha hai ki Aja tarka kA yuga hai aura vijJAna binA tarka ke eka paga bhI nahIM calatA / aisI sthiti meM kyA hama zAstra ko binA nanu naca kiye prAmANika mAna sakate haiM ? yaha eka Adhunika yuga kA gambhIra prazna hai| tarka kahAM kArya karatA hai ? jahAM bheda ho, jahAM dvaita ho, jahAM draSTA aura dRzya kA jJAtA aura jJeya kA viveka ho / kintu dharma hameM usa satya kI ora le jAnA cAhatA hai jahAM samasta bheda vilIna ho jAte haiM / taba vahAM UhApoha kisakA hogA aura kauna karegA ? dharma hameM usa mUlabhUta svabhAva taka le jAnA cAhatA hai jahAM tarka kI gati nahIM hai / kyA praznoM kA koI uttara hai ki jala ThaNThA kyoM hai yA AAga garma kyoM hai ? yadi tarka dvArA ina praznoM kA uttara diyA jA sake, to dharma bhI tarka kI kasauTI para kasA jA sakegA, kyoMki dharma bhI to AtmA kA svabhAva hai / svabhAva antima hotA hai, usake Age koI vizleSaNa nahIM ho sakatA / isIlie paMcAdhyAyI meM rAjamalla ne kahA ki svabhAva tarkagocara nahIM hai / usase pahale bhI mahAvIra ne grAcArAMga sUtra meM kahA ki tarka dvArA tathya ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA aura manusmRti meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo zAstra ko tarka ke AdhAra para cunautI detA hai, vaha nAstika hai| tarka kI yaha sArI nindA dharma ke prasaMga meM kisa lie kI gaI hai ? isake viparIta zraddhA kA bahuta adhika guNagAna hai / to kyA isakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki dharma andhavizvAsa sikhAtA hai ? aisA nahIM hai / kyoMki jina paramparAmroM meM tarka kI yaha nindA hai, unhIM paramparAnoM meM yaha bhI to kahA gayA hai ki dharma vahI hai jise tarka kI kasauTI para kasA jA sake / 4 mahAtmA buddha ne bhikSuoM se kahA thA ki merI bAta isIliye nahIM mAno ki vaha maiMne kahI hai, balki use viveka kI kasauTI para kaso aura yadi saca lage to mAno / 3 1. veda: smRti: sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / etaccaturvidhaM prAhuH sAkSAddharmasya lakSaNam // 2. svabhAvo'tarka gocaraH / manusmRti, bambaI, 1864, 2.12. paJcAdhyAyI, indaura, vI0 ni0 saM0 2444, 2.53. 3. yo'vamanyeta te mUle hetuzAstrAzrayAd dvija: / saH sAdhubhirbahiSkAryo nAstiko vedanindakaH / 4. yastarkeNAnusandhatte sa dharmaM veda netaraH / manusmRti, 2.11. manusmRti 12.106.

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( 8 ) bAta donoM hI saca haiN| hamane Upara kahA ki dharma vastu kA mUlabhUta svabhAva hai aura vahAM tarka kI gati nahIM hai| yadi vahAM tarka kI gati hai, to isakA yaha artha hai ki abhI aura vizleSaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura maulika satya hameM upalabdha nahIM huA hai| kintu jahAM tarka maulika satya ko jAnane meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa dharma ke kSetra meM paMgu hai, vahAM maulika tattva taka pahuMcane ke liye bIca meM Ane vAle vaibhAvika tattvoM kA vizleSaNa dvArA niHsAratA pradarzita karane meM upayogI bhI hai| ataH dharma andhavizvAsa nahIM hai| dharma tarkaviruddha bhI nahIM hai, vaha tarkAtIta avazya hai, kyoMki vaha svabhAva hai aura itanI bAta to kama se kama tarkasaMgata hai hI ki svabhAva tarkagocara nahIM hotA, usameM tarka kI gati nahIM hai| vaha mUlabhUta tathA AdhArabhUta vaha tathya hai jisa para sAre tarka kA nirmANa hotA hai / yadi use na mAneM to saMsAra ke sAre tarka nirAdhAra ho jaaeNge| kintu usa tathya se pahuMcane ke pUrva, jaisAki hamane pahale kahA, tarka kA pUrNa mahattva hai| - aura isIliye dharma kA srota kevala zAstra nahIM hai| zAstra una mUlabhUta svabhAva kA udghATaka hone ke nAte sarvaprathama avazya AtA hai, kintu vaha ekAkI nahIM hai / manusmRti ne zAstra ke sAtha-sAtha sadAcAra aura AtmapriyatA ko bhI dharma kA lakSaNa mAnA hai / prAcAryoM ne mahAvIra ke vacanoM kA dharma kA srota mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa ko bhI mAnA hai| prAcArya kundakunda ne dharma ko caritra nAma diyaa| abhayadeva ne bhI yahI kiyaa| kintu yaha saba vistAra cAhe use hama caritra nAma deM, ahiMsA, saMyama yA tapa kaheM yA sadAcAra kA nAma deM, hai eka hI mUla vastu kA nAma aura vaha hai AtmasvabhAva kI uplbdhi| kyoMki dharma kA mUla lakSaNa vastu kA svabhAva hai / yaha kahanA ki hama dharma dhAraNa karate haiM, eka virodhAbhAsa hai; mAno hama dharma ko jaba cAheM taba dhAraNa kareM, aura jaba cAheM taba chor3a deN| para vastusthiti yaha hai ki hama dharma ko dhAraNa nahIM karate, dharma hameM dhAraNa karatA hai| hamane jo kucha Upara kahA, usase yaha spaSTa ho jAnA cAhie ki dharma kA svarUpa donoM prakAra kA hai-vidhi-rUpa bhI aura niSedha-rUpa bhI / vaha bhoga bhI 1. manusmRti 2.12. 2. dhammo maMgalamukkiTTha ahiMsA saMjamo tvo| dazavakAlika, 1.1. 3. cArittaM khalu dhmmo| pravacanasAra 1.7. 4. dharmaJcAritralakSaNam / abhayadeva kI TIkA, sthAnAGga, 4.3.320.

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hai, aura tyAga bhI; vaha AtmasvarUpa kA bhoga hai aura anAtmasvarUpa kA tyAga / kintu AtmasvarUpa kA bhoga aisA bhoga nahIM hai, jise juTAnA par3e; vaha svataH prApya hai / hAM, anAtma svarUpa kA tyAga avazya prayatnasAdhya hai| tyAga svayaM meM eka niSedhAtmaka zabda hai, aura isIlie dharma ke prasaGga meM niSedhAtmaka zabdoM kA adhika prayoga hotA hai| abhI hamane dharma ke lakSaNoM meM tIna guNa ginAeahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa / lagegA ki ye tInoM hI zabda hameM kucha karane ke liye utanA prerita nahIM karate, jitanA kucha na karane ke lie| kintu ye jisake karane kA niSedha karate haiM, vaha yadi na kiyA jAe, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki jo tattva vyakti ko, usake antara meM ghusa kara use khaNDita-khaNDita kiye hue haiM, ve vilIna ho jAeMge aura eka samanvita, sAmaMjasyapUrNa, susaMgata vyakti kA udaya hogaa| yadi ye tathya haTa jAe~, to samAja ko arAjakatA aura avyavasthA dUra ho jaaegii| prakRti kahIM bhI zUnya ko nahIM rahane detI. yadi eka tattva haTA diyA jAtA hai, to dUsarA tattva vahAM svataH A jAtA hai| isaliye saMsAra meM pratyeka bhAva kA jor3A hai, rAga aura dveSa, kAma aura krodha, inameM se eka jAtA hai to dUsarA pA jAtA hai / isa prakAra zUnya nahIM ho pAtA / yaha bhAvoM kA tAMtA itanA nirantara calatA hai ki usake nIce baiThA huA vaha jo ina bhAvoM kA svAmI hai, dRSTi meM hI nahIM aataa| hamane Upara kahA ki prakRti kahIM bhI zUnya nahIM rahane detii| yaha aisA batalAne ke liye ki dharma kA niSedha rUpa bhI eka vidhi rUpa kA vidhAyaka hai / kintu yaha niSedha Upara likhe hue jor3oM kA nahIM hai / niSedha kevala dveSa kA nahIM hai, rAga kA bhI hai kyoMki ye jor3e eka dUsare se itane ghaniSTha rUpa meM jur3e hue haiM, ki eka ke binA dUsarA raha nahIM sakatA aura jahAM eka rahatA hai, vahAM dUsarA bhI avazya rahatA hai| ahiMsA ko parama dharma batalAyA hai| ahiMsA paramo dharmaH / isakA kyA artha hai ? ahiMsA kA arthAt hiMsA kA abhAva / hiMsA dveSa kA nAma hai| kintu yadi ahiMsA kA artha dveSa kA abhAva kara liyA jAya, to vaha parama dharma nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki vaibhAvika tattvoM meM vahAM Adhe kA niSedha hai, AdhA bhAga rAga abhI zeSa hai aura yadi rAga zeSa hai to dveSa bhI avazya hai / dharma do meM se eka kA cunAva nahIM hai, vaha pUrNa kA niSedha hai tAki pUrNa kI prApti ho ske| yaha pUrNa kI prApti hI dharma kA vidhyAtmaka rUpa hai / isalie dharma niSedha rUpa hai aura pUrNa niSedha rUpa hai| vaha acche aura bure meM se eka kA cunAva nahIM hai, kintu acche aura bure donoM kA tyAga hai| kintu vaha sarvathA niSedha rUpa bhI nahIM hai kyoMki isa niSedha meM antarnihita bhAvanA niSedha kI nahIM, upalabdhi kI hai-svasvarUpa ke bhoga kI upalabdhi /

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dharmaH puNyapApAtIta sthiti hamane Upara kahA ki dharma cunAva nahIM hai, vaha niSedha hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki dharma kevala tarkAtIta nahIM hai, vaha karmAtIta bhI hai, puNyapApAtIta bhI hai| puNya aura pApa kA jor3A hai| yaha AtmA vibhAva ke hI do rUpa haiM jo usake svabhAva kI prApti meM bAdhaka haiN| samasta zAstra eka svara se yaha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karma jIva ko bAMdhate hI haiM, mukta nahIM karate / eka sone kI zRMkhalA hai, dUsarI lohe kI zRMkhalA hai|' jisa tote meM unmukta gagana meM vicaraNa karane kI tar3apa hai, use sone kA piMjarA lohe ke piMjare se kama dukhadAyI nahIM hai| jise svarUpa kI prApti kI utkaTa icchA hai, usake lie ve virUpa karma, jo kevala vyakti meM visaMgati paidA karate haiM, koI mahattva nahIM rkhte| zubha karma bhI vyakti ko eka ikAI banAne meM asamartha haiM, ve bhI usakI duvidhA miTAne meM asamartha haiN| kyA koI aisA zubhakarma hai jo saba prANiyoM ko saba samayoM meM samAna santoSa pradAna kara sake ? koI jJAna ke vitaraNa meM apane Apako mahAna mAne hue hai, koI dhana ke dAna kA abhimAna liye apane ko dharmAtmA mAnatA hai, koI nirdhana aura apAhijoM kI sevA zuzrUSA meM apane ko dhanya mAnatA hai| kintu cintana ke ekAMta kSaNoM meM kyA sabako yaha anubhava nahIM hotA ki ve abhI kRtakRtya nahIM hue? yaha sArA vidhi-vidhAna kevala manuSya ke liye eka bhulAvA mAtra rahatA hai aura vaha apane jIvana meM kRtakRtyatA kA anubhava kiye binA hI samApta ho jAtA hai / antataH kyA hamAre samasta tathAkathita puNya karma bhoga aura aizvarya kI prApti kI icchA se prerita nahIM hote ? kyA mahAbhArata meM vyAsa ne tathAkathita puNya karmoM ko karate samaya vyakti ke mana meM antarnihita rahane vAlI vAsanA ko hI donoM bhujAe~ uThAkara nahIM ghoSita kiyA thA, jaba yaha kahA ki dharma se artha aura kAma kI prApti hotI hai to phira dharma kA sevana kyoM na kiyA jAe ?2 to kyA dharma kAma aura 1. sauvaNiyaM pi NiyalaM baMdhadi, kAlAyasaM pi jaha purisaM / baMdhadi eva jIvaM suhamasuhaM vA kadaM kammaM / / samayasAra, dillI, 1956, gAthA 146. 2. dharmAdarthazca kAmazca sa kimarthaM na sevyate / vimA mahAbhArata, pUnA, 1633, 18.5.62.

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( 12 ) jJAna-mImAMsA aura prAcAra-mImAMsA donoM paraspara itane ghaniSTha rUpa se sambaddha haiM ki unakA pRthak karanA asambhava hai| mahAtmA buddha yaha kahate the ki mujhe itanA hI jAna lenA paryApta hai ki mere bANa lagA hai aura vaidya usa bANa kI cikitsA kara sakatA hai / yaha prazna sarvathA vyartha hai ki vaha bANa kisa prakAra kI lakar3I kA banA huA hai ki use mArane vAlA kisa jAti kA vyakti thA aura vaidya kisa jAti kA hai ? isa prakAra mahAtmA buddha ne AtmA, paramAtmA aura paraloka sambandhI bahuta se praznoM ko avyAkRta kahakara anuttarita hI rahane diyA / udAharaNataH mokSa ke bAda AtmA kI sthiti rahatI hai yA nahIM, mahAtmA buddha ne isakA uttara nahIM diyaa| para itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki mahAtmA buddha ke apane anuyAyI bhI unake bArambAra niSedha karane ke bAvajUda ina praznoM meM khUba ulajhe aura inake samAdhAna khojane kA unhoMne anya matAvalambiyoM se kisI bhI dRSTi se kama prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| aisA kyoM hai ? kyA hama yaha kaheMge ki ye mahAtmA buddha ke ziSyoM kI eka kamajorI thI ki ve ina vyartha ke dArzanika vAdavivAdoM se bacakara nahIM raha sake? vastusthiti yaha hai ki manuSya ke bahuta se jo svAbhAvika guNa haiM unameM se satya kI jijJAsA bhI eka svAbhAvika guNa hai| use vyartha kaha dene se guz2ArA nahIM hotaa| manuSya jo kucha karanA cAhatA hai, usase pahale yaha jAna lenA cAhatA hai ki satya kyA hai ? kyoMki use jJAta hai ki satya ko jAne binA usakA AcaraNa ThIka kadApi nahIM ho sktaa| jaina dharma ne dharma zabda kA jahA~ eka ora vastu-svabhAva artha kiyA, vahA~ dUsarI ora prAcAra yA cAritrya artha bhI kiyaa| jisakA artha yaha hai ki unhoMne isa satya ko acchI taraha jAna liyA thA ki vastu ke svarUpa kA jJAna aura cAritrya kA pAlana itane adhika ghaniSTha rUpa se sambaddha haiM ki unheM pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jAnanA AtmA kA eka svAbhAvika guNa hai aura usakI jijJAsA kI koI sImAe~ nahIM bA~dhI jA sakatIM / vaha ajJAta se ajJAta padArtha kI agAdha gaharAiyoM meM utaranA cAhatA hai| yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hai ki usakI yaha jijJAsA usake lie kalyANakara nahIM hai|

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jJAna : eka Antarika guNa kintu mahAtmA buddha ne jo kucha kahA thA vaha bhI galata nahIM thA / anekAMta kI dRSTi meM galata kucha hotA hI nahIM / mahAvIra ne kahA--satya hI loka meM sArabhUta hai / ' gItA meM kahA hai ki saMsAra meM jJAna se adhika pavitra kucha nahIM hai / " jJAna kI agni samasta saMsAroM ko kSaNa bhara meM bhasmasAt kara detI hai / a pAzcAtya dArzanika yaha kahate rahe ki jJAna hI vAstavika bala hai / taba mahAtmA buddha ne yaha kyoM kahA ki hamArI ye jijJAsAeM anAvazyaka haiM; mokSa kI prApti meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM, pratyuta bAdhaka haiM / vastusthiti yaha hai ki hama jJAna meM aura sUcanAoM ke saMgraha meM bheda nahIM kara rhe| hama tathyoM para tathya jAnate cale jA rahe haiN| para una tathyoM kA jo jAnane vAlA hai, usakA jJAna hameM nahIM hai aura isalie hamArA vaha samasta jJAna, zAstra kI dRSTi se kaheM to mithyA jJAna hai aura agara kucha komala bhASA kA prayoga karate hue Adhunika DhaMga se kaheM, to vaha sUcanA mAtra hai / vaha mere andara se udbhUta nahIM huA, bAhara se AyA hai / yaha pratyakSa hai ki jJAna kA mUla srota mere andara hai, mere bAhara nhiiN| bAhara jitane padArtha haiM, saba jJa eya haiM / jJAtA mere svayaM ke andara upasthita hai / phira bAhara se prApta hone vAlA jJAna jJAna kaise kahalA sakatA hai ? vizeSakara yadi jJAtA kA jJAna hI na ho, to bAhya padArthoM kA jJAna kyA karegA ? aura phira yadi jIvana kA lakSya ThIka nahIM hai, yadi jIvana kI dizA galata hai, to mere sAre jJAna aura mere sAre karma mujhe kahA~ le jAe~ge ? jJAna aura kriyA eka paMchI ke do pa~kha haiM, aura zraddhA usakI AsthA hai, jo use yaha pratikSaraNa bodha karAtI 1. saccaM hi loe sArabhUyaM / 2. sa hi jJAnena sadRzaM pavitramiha vidyate / gItA, 4.38. 3. jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAtkurute tathA / gItA, 4.3.7. -praznavyAkaraNa, 2

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( 14 ) hai, ki vaha unmukta gagana meM viharatA huA, apane mUla nIr3a meM pahu~ca sakatA hai jahA~ usake sAre avayava vizrAma pA sakate haiM, jahA~ usake sAre prayAsa kRtakRtya ho sakate haiN| yadi AsthA nahIM to jJAna vyartha hai, yadi jJAna nahIM to kriyA vyartha hai / ataH mahAtmA buddha ne jaba ina praznoM ko anAvazyaka kahA to unakA yaha abhiprAya thA ki vyartha kI sUcanAe~ saMgraha ke karane meM lagA rahanA vAstavika jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka hai| anyathA to ve svayaM buddha the| unheM bodhilAbha huA thA bhalA ve bodha kA niSedha kaise karate ? para mahAtmA buddha kA upadeza bhI Aja hamAre lie eka mahAna sandeza kA kArya karatA hai ki hama jJAna ke mUla srota ko dekheM, vyartha ke tathyoM ko ekatrita kara-karake hama Antarika jJAna ke abhAva kI pUrti usI prakAra nahIM kara sakate, jisa prakAra jisa kueM ke Antarika jala srota sUkha gaye hoM, usako Upara se pAnI DAla-DAla kara nahIM bharA jA sakatA / kueM ke Antarika srota se nikala kara Ane vAlA jala hI kue~ kA jala kahalAne kA adhikArI hai, yoM cAhe kahane ke liye hama usameM Upara se lA lAkara pAnI DAlate raheM, aura yaha mAnate raheM ki kueM meM pAnI hai| hamArI antarAtmA ke bhI Antarika jalasrota banda par3e haiN| una para na jAne kina-kina saMskAroM kI miTTI car3ha cukI hai| taba kyA hama bAhara se sUcanAeM prApta kara karake apane Apako jJAnavAn banA sakeMge? kyA yaha bAhara se sUcanAoM kA DAlA gayA jala isa kAraNa sar3a nahIM jAegA ki isakA kUpa se koI tAdAtmya sambandha nahIM hai| saca pUche to yaha Upara se DAlA gayA jala to mUla srotoM para se miTTI haTAne meM bAdhA hI phuNcaaegaa| isa dRSTi se yadi vicAra kareM to lagegA ki mahAtmA buddha ne ina praznoM ko aura inake sambandha meM kI jAne vAlI kalpanAoM ko ThIka hI nirvANa-sukha ko prApti meM bAdhaka kahA thaa| yI hamArA yaha bAhara se Ane vAlA jJAna hI vyartha nahIM hai, ve samasta karma bhI jina para hama apanI rAga-dveSa buddhi se acchApana yA burApana Aropita kara lete haiM, ve bhI usI prakAra vyartha haiM / jala aneka kAraNoM ko pAkara aneka guNoM ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai para jaba ise apane Apa para chor3a diyA jAyagA, to yaha svayaM hI ThaMDA ho jaaegaa| zItalatA jala kA svabhAva hai aura isIliye yaha svayaM sadA zItalatA kI ora unmukha rahatA hai| hamane kahA ki bAhya jJAna yA kevala tathyoM kI sUcanA hamArA kucha hitAhita nahIM kara sakatIM, Aropita karma bhI hamArA koI hitAhita nahIM krtaa| kevala svabhAva kA jJAna hI upAdeya hai| vaibhAvika kAraNa svabhAva ke jJAta hone meM bAdhaka haiM / vedAntI kahate haiM ki AtmA kA svarUpa saccidAnanda rUpa hai| AtmA kA yaha 'saccidAnanda' vizeSaNa usake mUlabhUta svAbhAvika guNoM ko

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( 15 ) bahuta sImA taka spaSTa kara detA hai / merI sattA-yA yoM kahUM ki AtmA kI sattA svataH siddha hai, usake liye kisI anya pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isameM bhI kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki AtmA ko yA mujhe jJAna hotA hai, padArthoM kA bodha hotA hai| aura na isa viSaya meM kisI ko sandeha ho sakatA hai ki vaha aAnanda kI prApti ke liye hI nirantara prayatnazIla hai| yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki vaha kisa cIja meM Ananda mAne kintu Ananda kI utkaTa icchA saba meM hai|

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5 sukha : eka mUlabhUta kAmanA yoM icchA to hamameM ananta haiM-dhana kI icchA, yaza kI icchA, putra kI icchA, jJAna kI icchA aura na jAne kauna-kauna sI icchAeM / kintu yaha sabhI icchAeM mUlabhUta nahIM haiM / mUlabhUta icchA hama use kaheMge jahAM jAkara icchAe~ ruka jAeM, 'kyoM' kA prazna samApta ho jAe / yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai, ki hama dhana kyoM cAhate haiM, hama yaza kyoM cAhate haiM, hama jJAna kyoM cAhate haiM / kintu yadi hama isa prazna para vicAra kareM ki hama sukha kyoM cAhate haiM to hameM rukanA par3egA / isa prazna meM apane Apa meM eka asaMgati sI, eka aTapaTApana sA najara AegA, mAnoM yahAM praznoM kA anta ho jAtA hai, jijJAsA kA anta ho jAtA hai / yahAM Akara jijJAsA samApta ho jAtI hai / hamane Upara kahA ki jala zItala kyoM hai, agni uSNa kyoM hai, yaha prazna aise haiM jinakA uttara nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai, yaha prati prazna haiM / sunate haiM ki eka bAra janaka kI sabhA meM gArgI ne eka prazna kiyA thA jisake uttara meM yAjJavalkya ne kahA ki he gArgI yaha atiprazna hai, tuma ise mata pUcho / anyathA tumhAre sira ke Tukar3eTukar3e ho jAeMge / antataH tarka kI bhI eka sImA hai| praznoM kA bhI eka anta hai aura usa sImA ke anantara kiye jAne vAle prazna pratiprazna haiN| kisI padArtha ke svabhAva ke sambandha meM kyoM kA prazna bhI aisA hI eka prazna hai / svabhAva hamAre adhIna nahIM hai / hamAre sAre vicAra hI svabhAva ke adhIna haiM / yaha prazna to nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki agni uSNa kyoM hai; hAM, yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai, aura isakA uttara bhI diyA jAtA hai ki agni ko hAtha kyoM nahIM lagAnA caahie| kintu isa prazna ke uttara meM jaba yaha kahA jAya, ki agni ko nahIM chUnA cAhie kyoMki vaha garma hotI hai, to yaha uttara apane Apa meM pUrNa hai, isake Age yaha prazna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki agni garma hai kyoM ? yaha pUchA jA sakatA hai ki hama dhana kyoM cAhate haiM aura isakA uttara bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki dhana se hameM amuka-amuka padArtha prApta hote haiN| yaha bhI pUchA

Page #19
(17 ) jA sakatA hai ki hama una amuka-amuka padArthoM ko kyoM cAhate haiM, aura usake uttara meM hama batalA sakate haiM ki una padArthoM se hamArI amuka-amuka AvazyakatAeM pUrI hotI haiM / yaha bhI prazna ho sakatA hai ki hama una AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kyoM cAhate haiM aura uttara meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki una AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti se hameM sukha milatA hai aura yadi ve AvazyakatAeM pUrI na kI jAeM to dukha hotA hai| kintu yaha pUchanA apane Apa meM hI bahuta betukA hai ki hama sukha cAhate kyoM haiM, aura yaha kyoM cAhate haiM ki hameM dukha na ho / sukha hameM acchA lagatA hai, dukha hameM acchA nahIM lagatA / para yaha to prazna kA uttara nahIM hai| sukha hameM acchA kyoM lagatA hai, dukha burA kyoM lagatA hai, aura isakA yahI uttara hai ki isa 'kyoM' kA koI uttara nahIM hai / sukha hameM acchA lagatA hai aura acchA lagatA hai, duHkha hameM acchA nahIM lagatA aura acchA nahIM lgtaa| mAnoM hama una saba jIvana ke lakSyoM ko prazna kara kara ke chAMTate cale gaye haiM aura eka aise antima lakSya para pahu~ca gaye haiM jo kevala lakSya hai, kisI kA sAdhana nahIM hai / dhana kisI anya padArtha ke liye sAdhana hai / anya padArthaM kisI anya padArtha ke liye sAdhana hai| para sukha kisI kA sAdhana nahIM hai, vaha svayaM hI sAdhya hai, vaha parama sAdhya hai| vaha hamArI antima icchA hai| vaha mere svarUpa kI prApti hai jahAM Akara mujhe phira anya kisI padArtha kI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI, jahAM pAkara maiM Tika sakatA hai, jisake Age calane kI icchA samApta ho jAtI hai, jahAM jIvana kI pUrNatA, kRtakRtyatA hai / yaha sukha na kevala jIvana kA antima lakSya hai, carama uddezya hai, pratyuta merA apanA svabhAva bhI hai| yahAM Akara na Age kucha karane kI icchA raha jAtI hai, na kucha jAnane kii| ji ho yaha rahA hai ki hama sukha ke sAdhanoM ko hI sukha samajha baiThe haiM / zAstroM meM jo sukha kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, sukha ko bhoga kI heya saMjJA dekara usake tyAga kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai, vaha vastutaH sukha kA niSedha nahIM hai, sukha ke sAdhanoM ko hI sukha mAna baiThane kA niSedha hai| mujhe zAstra meM eka bhI aisA prasaMga aba taka prApta nahIM huA, jahAM svayaM sukha kA niSedha ho, sukha ko tyAjya batalAyA ho| zAstra to tIna prakAra kI eSaNAoM ko chor3ane kI bAta kahate haiM-putra kI icchA, dhana kI icchA, yaza kI icchA heya hai| kyoMki ye icchAe~ apane Apa meM pUrNa nahIM haiM, ye sAdhanoM kI icchAeM haiM, sAdhya kI icchA nahIM haiM aura hamAre jIvana kI durghaTanA yaha hai ki hamane ina sAdhanoM ko sAdhya mAna liyA hai|

Page #20
( 19 ) buddhimAna puruSa hai, jo puNya ko bhI pApa hI mAnatA hai / ' Upara jo kucha hamane kahA ve saba zAstroM ke vacana haiM aura cAhe hama unheM par3hakara kitanA hI kyoM na cauMke unakA eka hI artha nikalatA hai ki yahAM puNya kI bhI nindA hai / kintu hama sukha bhogoM kI nindA ko sunakara nahIM cauMkate to phira puNya kI nindA ko sunakara kyoM cauMkate haiM ? kyA puNya meM aura sukha meM kAraNa-kAryabhAva nahIM hai ? kyA unameM avinAbhAva sambandha nahIM hai ? jahAM puNya hai, vahAM sukhabhoga avazya hoMge / aura jahAM sukhabhoga hai, vahAM usase pahale puNya avazya rahe hoMge / to yadi eka kI nindA hai to dUsare kI bhI nindA kI jAe, isameM Azcarya kI kyA bAta hai / kintu yaha dhyAna meM dene vAlI bAta hai, ki jahAM puNya kI nindA karane vAle zAstra meM se yaha vAkya hamane uddhRta kiye, vahAM puNya kI prazaMsA karane vAle bhI vAkyoM ko khoja nikAlanA koI asambhava bAta nahIM hai / vastutaH dekhA jAe to samasta zAstra puNya ke vidhi-vidhAnoM se bhare par3e haiM aura hamArA sArA jIvana bhI arcanA, pUjA, dAna, sAdhu sevA ityAdi puNya kAryoM meM hI to bItatA hai / aura hama ise hI to dharma mAnate haiM / taba kyA hamArI yaha sArI dhAraNA mithyA hai ? kyA aba taka zAstra ke puNya vidhAna ne hameM vaMcita kiyA ? isakA uttara hAM aura nahIM donoM meM diyA jA sakatA hai / hamane Upara kahA ki sukha kI icchA to manuSya meM svAbhAvika hai, kintu jo hama galatI karate haiM, vaha yaha ki hama sukha ke sAdhanoM ko sukha mAna baiThate haiM aura vahIM ruka jAte haiM aura jaba hameM unase sukha milatA nahIM, kyoMki sukha unameM to hai nahIM, ve to sukha ke nimitta mAtra the, taba hama kahane lagate haiM, ki saMsAra meM sukha nahIM hai, saMsAra dukharUpa hai aura isa prakAra nirAzAvAda kA janma hotA hai / aura manuSya ke liye nirAzA se bar3hakara mArga meM aura dUsarI kauna-sI bAdhA A sakatI hai ? kyoMki yadi AzA hai to AsthA hai aura yadi AsthA hai to AtmaniSThA hai aura yadi AtmaniSThA hai to paristhitiyAM mArga ko nahIM roka sakatIM / loga kahate haiM ki bhAratIya-darzana nirAzAvAdI hai / yaha upadeza detA hai ki saMsAra meM dukha hI dukha hai / kintu hama kyA usa vyakti ko jo vastusthiti ko svIkAra karatA hai, nirAzAvAdI kahakara sacAI ko TAla sakate haiN| kyA yaha sacAI nahIM hai ki samasta sukhoM ke sAdhana upalabdha hone para bhI hama sukhI nahIM 1. jo puNNo vi pAu vi bhaNai so buddha ko vi havai / -- yogasAra17.

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( 20 ) haiM / hamAre mana meM eka asantoSa hai, hamArI AMkhoM meM eka sUnApana hai / manuSya prakRti kA sarvottama prANI hai, jIvana ke vikAsa kI paramparA meM antima sopAna hai| manuSya se zreSThatara padArtha isa saMsAra meM nahIM aura manuSya kI yaha gati hai ki phUla aura paudhe jo jIvana ke vikAsa kI paramparA meM atyanta nimna stara ke prANI haiM, ve hare bhare haiM, khile hue haiM, prasanna haiM, aura manuSya mujhayA huA hai jaise usakA kucha kho gayA hai| kyA isa jIva ko yaha manuSya kI atyanta vikasita deha isa prakAra dukha meM galA-galA kara samApta kara dene ko milI hai ? yaha eka vastusthiti hai| isakA sAmanA karanA hogA, isa AsthA ke sAtha ki yadi manuSya prakRti kI sarvottama racanA hai, to vaha prakRti meM upalabdha sarvottama sukha kA adhikArI bhI hai| use apanI vikasita indriyoM aura mana tathA buddhi ke bala se usa sukha kI prApti kA janmasiddha adhikAra hai jo sukha devatAoM ko bhI durlabha hai| isameM nirAzAvAda kahAM AtA hai ? hA~ vartamAna se asantoSa avazya hai kintu asantoSa to unnati kA mUla hai| jahAM santoSa hai vahAM prayAsa nahIM rhtaa| aura jahAM prayAsa nahIM hai, vahAM unnati kaisI ? saca pUchA jAya to parivartana prakRti kA niyama hai / yA to hameM usa parivartana kI dizA ko unnati kI ora mor3anA hogA, aura nahIM to vaha hameM avanati kI ora le jaaegaa| prakRti meM sthiratA nahIM hai, vahAM nirantara gati hai| yaha gati yadi UrdhvamukhI ho sakatI hai, to prayatna se hI ho sakatI hai aura nahIM to pAnI ke samAna nIce kI ora bahanA isakA svabhAva hai| kintu isa saba meM nirAzAvAda kahAM hai ? hAM yathArthavAda avazya hai / dukha jIvana kI eka vAstavika sthiti hai jise divA-svapna le-lekara jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA aura kabUtara ke prAMkha mIMca lene se to billI bhAga nahIM jAtI? hama loga mAne yA na mAne du:kha to hai| kintu usa dukha ke sAmane jo apanI AsthA ko kho detA hai, dharma use nirAzAvAdI mAnatA hai, usakI nindA karatA hai| cAhe isa nirAzA kA dAyitva hama apanI viparIta paristhitiyoM para DAlakara kitanA hI doSa se mukta rahanA cAheM, para dharma nirAzA kA dAyitva, dukha kA dAyitva hamArI paristhitiyoM para nahIM, svayaM hama para DAlatA hai| 1. asantoSa: zriyo mUlam-mahAbhArata, sabhAparva 55.11

Page #22
dharma : sAdhana nahIM sAdhya hamane kahA ki sukha ke sAdhanoM ko sukha mAna baiThanA bahuta bar3I bhUla hai aura usa hI prakAra dharma ke sAdhanoM ko dharma mAna baiThanA bahuta bar3I bhUla hai| yaha ThIka hai ki sAdhya kI prApti ho jAne para sAdhana kA mahattva nahIM raha jAtA / aura sAtha hI yaha bhI ThIka hai ki sAdhana ko apanAye binA sAdhya prApta nahIM hotA kintu sAdhana aura sAdhya meM viveka rahanA cAhie / puNya dharma kA sAdhana hai dharma nahIM hai / sAdhana to saMsAra meM eka sAdhya ke na jAne kitane hote haiM kintu vastutaH sAdhana kahalAtA vaha hai jisase yathArtha jIvana meM sAdhya kI prApti hotI hai / jaba taka sAdhya kI ThIka-ThIka pahacAna nahIM hai, lakSya kI ora dRSTi nahIM mur3I, taba taka sAdhana bikhare rahate haiM, para unheM sAdhana kahanA sAdhana zabda kA durupayoga hai kyoMki sAdhana aura sAdhya to sApekSa haiM / jaba sAdhya kA jJAna hI nahIM, to yaha kahanA cAhie ki usakI sattA hI nahIM aura do sApekSa padArthoM meM jaba eka kI sattA nahIM hai, to dUsare kI sattA kaise ho sakatI hai ? yadi hameM dharma kA, apane svabhAva kA, apane maulika svarUpa kA jJAna nahIM hai, jisakI prApti ke sAdhana hI samasta karma haiM, to karma apane Apa meM kyA kara legA? aise vyakti ke kisI karma yA prayAsa ko icchA yA burA kyA kaheM jise yaha hI mAlUma nahIM ki use apane isa prayAsa dvArA prApta kyA karanA hai ? usake to sAre hI karma, sAre hI prayAsa vyartha haiM, ve kisI ke bhI sAdhana nahIM haiM kyoMki vahAM sAdhya hI nahIM hai, aura yadi galata sAdhyoM ko sAdhya mAnakara una sAdhanoM ko baratA jA rahA hai, to ve sAdhana una galata sAdhyoM ko hI prApta kraaeNge| inameM una sAdhanoM kA koI doSa nahIM hai| apane svarUpa ke jJAna ke binA, lakSya ke jJAna ke binA, hamAre tathAkathita puNya-karma dharma kI saMjJA kaise pA sakate haiM ? aura jise apane lakSya kA jJAna ho gayA vaha una puNya karmoM kA lakSya bhogoM kI prApti kaise mAna sakatA hai ?

Page #23
( 22 ) Upara jo puNya kI nindA kI gaI hai, vaha aise vyakti ke puNya kI nindA nahIM hai, jo una puNyoM kA lakSya bhogoM kI prApti nahIM mAnatA aura aise hI vyakti kA koI karma puNya kahalA bhI sakatA hai| aise vyakti ke liye puNyoM kA zAstra meM vidhAna bhI hai| thor3A sA dhyAna kareM to pratIta hogA ki puNyoM ke dvArA prApta hone vAle samasta padArtha bAhya padArtha haiN| isa bAta ko bhI sAdhAraNa sA vicAra karane para pratyeka vyakti samajha sakegA ki sukha prAtmA meM niSTha rahane vAlA eka guNa hai / bAhara ke jar3a padArtha sukha ke adhiSThAna nahIM bana sakate / kintu isa prazna ko lekara bahuta bar3A vAdavivAda calatA rahatA hai| koI puNya kI nindA meM apane ko kRtArtha mAnatA hai, koI puNya kA vidhAna karane meM apane ko kRtakRtya mAnatA hai, aura koI yaha mAnatA hai ki jaina aura anya bhAratIya darzana AcAra aura caritra ko samajhate hI nhiiN| aura isa sAre vAgjAla se taMga vyakti yaha kaha kara samasyA ko TAla detA hai ki hama isa pApa puNya ke pacar3e meM nahIM par3anA cAhate / par3anA koI bhI nahIM cAhatA, kintu sacAI yaha hai ki hama baMdhe hue haiN| aura usa bandhana se mukta hone kI icchA sabameM hai / koI manuSya yaha kaha sakatA hai ki use dharma se prayojana nahIM, use pApa-puNya ke cakkaroM meM nahIM par3anA, kintu yaha nahIM kaha sakatA, ki use sukha nahIM cAhie, use svatantratA nahIM cAhie / aura yadi vaha dukha kI nivRtti ke prazna ko aura sukha kI prApti ke prazna ko nahIM TalA sakatA, to vaha dharma adharma ke prazna ko bhI TalA nahIM sakatA / antatogatvA puNya kyA hai ? aMgrejI kA zabda "guDa" joki grIka ke eka zabda kA rUpAntara hai puNya ke lie prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa zabda kA zabdArtha hai vaha kriyA jo kisI lakSya ke liye upayogI ho| kintu kisI lakSya ko sAmane rakhane para usake lie kyA kriyA upayogI hai, kyA anupayogI, yaha nizcaya kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usake lie niyama bhI banAye jA sakate haiN| vahI kriyA jo una niyamoM ke anusAra hotI hai, aMgrejI meM "rAiTa" kahalAtI hai jo laiTina ke 'rectus' zabda se nikalI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki hamAre kAryoM kA aucitya yA anaucitya lakSya sApekSa haiM aura yadi lakSya sukha kA hai to phira hama jo bhI niyama usa lakSya kI prApti ke liye banAeM, ve dharma kahalAeMge, yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki eka vyakti sukha kA svarUpa kucha aura mAne dUsarA kucha aura mAne aura isa prakAra ve dharma kA bhI svarUpa pRthak-pRthak mAne / kintu dharma eka sukhadAyinI kriyA ke rUpa meM pratyeka vyakti ke liye Avazyaka hai, jo dharma

Page #24
(( 23 ) ko anAvazyaka kahate haiM, unakA abhiprAya kevala yaha hotA hai ki sAmAnyataH dharma ke nAma para jina siddhAntoM kI carcA hotI hai, ve siddhAnta usa lakSya kI ora le jAne vAle nahIM haiM, jise ve sukha mAnate haiM aura isaliye ve una siddhAntoM ko bhI nirarthaka mAnate haiN| eka ukti hai ki binA prayojana ke mUrkha vyakti bhI koI kArya nahIM karatA kintu isakA eka dUsarA pahalU bhI hai ki aisA vyakti jise koI prayojana hI na ho, yA to pAgala ho sakatA hai yA phira aisA vyakti ho sakatA hai jisane pUrNatA prApta kara lI hai, jo kRtakRtya ho cukA hai| yaha mAnanA par3egA ki hama na to pAgala haiM aura na hamane pUrNataH prApta kI hai| phira hamAre jIvana meM kucha na kucha sAdhya to avazya hone caahieN| aura yadi hamAre jIvana meM kucha sAdhya hai to phira usakA sAdhana bhI avazya khojanA hogaa| hamane Upara kahA ki eka dRSTi se pApa aura puNya meM koI bheda nahIM hai| pApa aura puNya meM yaha abheda do dRSTiyoM se dekhA jA sakatA hai / prathama to jisa vyakti ko apane lakSya kA jJAna hI nahIM hai, usake liye koI bhI karma acchA yA burA isaliye nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ki binA sAdhya ke vaha sAdhana to banatA nhiiN| aura yadi vaha kisI sAdhya kA sAdhana nahIM banatA, to phira usakI acchAI aura burAI kA mApadaNDa kyA hogA ? abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa vyakti ko apane lakSya kA jJAna nahIM hai, yA lakSya kA galata jJAna hai usake liye pApa aura puNya kA bheda hI nahIM bntaa| vaha vyakti svayaM cAhe apane karmoM ko apane galata nizcita kiye gaye lakSya kI dRSTi se pApa aura puNya kahatA rahe, kintu satya lakSya kI apekSA usake karma, pApa aura puNya nahIM bana sakate / eka dUsarI dRSTi bhI hai, jisase pApa aura puNya meM abheda kiyA jA sakatA hai / hamane para kahA ki jo vyakti pUrNa ho gayA hai, kRtakRtya ho gayA hai, use kucha prAptavya nahIM hai| eka prakAra se usake jIvana meM bhI koI lakSya nahIM raha jaataa| isaliye usake karmoM ko bhI pApa yA pUNya kI saMjJA denA vyartha-sA hogaa| isa paramArtha dRSTi se bhI pApa aura puNya meM bheda nahIM bntaa| kintu eka tIsarI sthiti bhI hai, jisameM vyakti lakSyabhraSTa bhI nahIM ho sakatA, use apane lakSyoM kA jJAna bhI hai, kintu vaha abhI taka apane lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara sakA hai, kRtakRtya nahIM ho sakA hai| usake liye pApa aura puNya kA bheda banA rhegaa| vaha yaha jAnegA ki lakSya kI prApti ho jAne para yaha pApa aura puNya kA sApekSa bheda cAhe vilIna ho jAne vAlA hai, kintu jaba

Page #25
( 24 ) taka lakSya prApta nahIM hotA, use kevala unhIM karmoM meM laganA hai jo use lakSya ke nikaTa le jAeM, na ki lakSya se dUra httaayeN| yadi gati kA udAharaNa deM to jisa vyakti ko gantavya kA jJAna hI nahIM, usakI hara gati galata mAnI jAegI yAnI usakI dRSTi se acchI aura burI gati meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura vaha vyakti jo gantavya para pahu~ca cukA hai, acchI gati aura burI gati meM isaliye bheda nahIM karegA ki usameM aba gati kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha gaI hai| kintu mArga meM sthita vyakti ke liye gati kI dizA aura gati kI paddhati mahattvapUrNa hai / ma

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bhedAbheda : eka samanvaya hamane jo vivecana yahA~ kiyA hai, usameM pApa aura puNya kI sthiti to spaSTa hotI hI hai, eka anya mahatvapUrNa tathya bhI sammukha pAtA hai| kyA saMsAra meM hama kisI bhI tathya ko usake vAtAvaraNa ke pariprekSya se haTAkara dekha sakate haiM ? kyA saMsAra meM koI bhI satya nirapekSa ho sakatA hai ? hama pApa ko burA aura puNya ko acchA kahate haiM aura dUsarI ora pApa aura puNya donoM kI nindA karate haiM, donoM ko samAna batalAte haiN| aura isa prakAra ApAtataH eka bahuta bar3e virodha meM par3a rahe haiN| kintu kyA saMsAra meM abheda meM bheda aura bheda meM abheda nahIM dikhAyI par3atA ? antataH ekAntika satya kyA hai? sabhI satya to kisI na kisI mAnyatA se jur3e hue haiM, sApekSa haiN| jaba taka hama yaha dRSTi nahIM apanAe~ge, apanI dRSTi ko hI sarvopari aura sarvathA zuddha mAnane kA hamArA abhimAna nahIM TUTegA aura hamArI daSTi sImita hI raha jAegI; hama dUsare kI dRSTi se kabhI kisI samasyA para vicAra nahIM kara skeNge| isa prakAra dUsare bhI hamArI dRSTi ko nahIM samajha sakeMge aura eka nirantara saMgharSa banA rhegaa| yaha eka kAlpanika bhaya nahIM hai| dharma aura darzana kA lambA itihAsa isa satya kA sAkSI hai ki ve saba saMta mahAtmA aura prAcArya jo sacce mana se mAnavatA ke kalyANa ke liye upadeza dete rahe, jahA~ manuSya jAti kI eka jIvana-jyoti ko surakSita rakhate rahe, vahA~ manuSya aura manuSya meM TakarAva ke kAraNa bhI bane / abhimAna meM bharA huA manuSya apane-apane mata ko satya mAnakara dUsare ke khUna kA pyAsA ho gayA aura apane isa kRtya para lajjita hone kI bajAya usane sadA gaurava kA anubhava kiyA ki vaha satya kI rakSA ke liye asatya se lar3ate samaya apane prANoM para bhI khela jAtA hai| kintu jaba do aise guTa Apasa meM lar3eM to donoM ke mana meM yaha pUrNa vizvAsa thA, ki donoM satya ke liye lar3a rahe haiM, donoM asatya ke viruddha lar3a rahe haiM, donoM eka puNya kArya kara rahe haiN| aura manuSya ke itihAsa kI yaha kaisI viDambanA hai ki vastu sthiti yaha hotI hai ki jaba satya kA nAma lekara aisI lar3AI kI jAtI hai, to donoM hI pakSa vastutaH satya para hote

Page #27
( 26 ) haiN| yaha eka dRSTi se kahA jA rahA hai| dUsarI dRSTi se yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki donoM hI pakSa vastutaH asatya para Tike hue hote haiN| para isa bAta ko ve donoM pakSa kabhI bhI nahIM samajha pAte aura yadi eka tIsarA guTa isa tathya ko samajha letA hai, to vaha eka tIsarA satya bana jAtA hai| kintu vaha satya bhI abhimAna kI sImA meM bandhakara asatya bana jAtA hai| aura taba vaha una donoM guToM se lar3ane ke liye taiyAra ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra guTa para guTa banate cale jAte haiN| satya ke khaNDa khaNDa ho jAte haiM aura satya ke sAtha-sAtha mAnavatA ke bhI khaNDa-khaNDa ho jAte haiM aura satya ke sAtha-sAtha mAnavatA ke bhI khaNDa khaNDa ho jAte hai aura sampUrNa satya, sampUrNa mAnavatA aojhala ho jAtI hai| prAcAryoM ne kahA hai ki satya kA anantavAM bhAga jAnA jA sakatA hai aura jo anantavAM bhAga jAnA jA sakatA hai, usakA bhI eka anantavAM bhAga zAstroM meM likhA hai para hama zAstroM ko pUrA par3ha bhI nahIM pAte, usakA eka thor3A-sA hI bhAga par3hakara yaha mAna lete haiM ki hamane sampUrNa satya ko jAna liyA, una zAstroM ke vAkyoM ko bAra-bAra uddhRta karate haiM aura usase satya kI puSTi karane kA dAvA karate haiN| para puSTi kevala hamAre abhimAna kI hotI hai, hamAre isa jJAnAbhimAna kI ki hameM zAstra AtA hai| para isase na vyakti kA kalyANa hotA hai na mAnavatA kA aura na satya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| jaina dharma ne yaha kahA ki saba satya sApekSa haiM, anekAMtika haiM / kintu yaha syAdvAda bhI eka vAda bana gayA, eka sampradAya bana gyaa| aura yadyapi prAcIna AcAryoM ne anekAntavAda ko bhI anekAnta rUpa mAnA hai kintu hameM anekAnta kA hI ekAntika Agraha ho gyaa| 1. anekAnto'pyanekAnta:-sva

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sukhAnveSaNa : itihAsa hama prakRta kA anusaraNa kareM aura yaha dekheM ki hara vyakti dukha kI nivRtti aura sukha kI prApti cAhatA hai, yaha eka dUsarI bAta hai ki usake sukha kA kyA citra usake mana meM hai ? kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra nArada sanatkumAra ke pAsa pahuMce aura unhoMne sanatkumAra se kahA ki maiMne samasta vedavedAMga par3he haiM, kintu maiM dukha se chuTakArA nahIM pA skaa| sunate haiM ki jo apane svarUpa ko jAna letA hai, vaha dukha se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| Apa bhI mujhe dukha ke pAra utAra deN|2 nArada ne veda aura vedAMgoM meM kyA par3hA thA ki vaha dukha se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakA ? usane vedoM meM yaha avazya par3hA hogA ki maitrI bahuta bar3A guNa hai ki manuSya ko yaha kAmanA karanI cAhie ki vaha saba ke prati maitrIpUrNa vyavahAra rakhe aura saba usake prati maitrIpUrNa vyavahAra rkheN| 3 usane yaha bhI par3hA hogA ki satya, tapa, Rta aura yajJa isa saMsAra ko dhAraNa kiye hue hai, ki isa saMsAra kI utpatti satya aura tapa se huI ki vidyA se hI amRtatva kI prApti hotI hai,6 adbhuta bAta hai ki itanA jAna lene ke bAda nArada 1. tarati zokamAtmavit-chAndogyopaniSad, 7.1.3 2. so'haM bhagavaH zocA mi taM mAM bhagavaJchokasya pAraM tArayatviti / -vahI, 7.1.3 3. yajurveda, 36.18 / 4. satyaM bRhadRtamugraM dIkSA tapo brahma yajJaH pRthivIM dhArayanti / atharvaveda, 12.1.1 . RtaJca satyaJcAbhIdAttapaso'dhyajAyata / Rgveva, 10.160.1 6. vidyayAmRtamaznute IzopaniSad, 11

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(28 ) ko aura kyA jAna lenA zeSa raha gayA thA jisake liye use yaha kahanA par3hA ki veda aura vedAMga par3ha lene para bhI dukha se merA chaTakArA nahIM ho sakA / lagatA hai ki nArada ne ye upayukta vAkya to par3he hI hoMge aura usake sAtha itanA bar3A karmakANDa kA ADambara thA ki unakA dhyAna zAyada isa tarapha nahIM gayA aura phira isa tarapha to dhyAna jAne kI bAta hI kyA thI ki jaba svayaM veda ne kahA ki parama vyoma meM eka aisI zakti hai jise jo nahIM mAnatA, vaha bhalA RcAoM ko par3hakara kyA kara skegaa|' sanatkumAra ne karmakANDa ke pacar3e se nikAla kara veda ke inhIM zAzvata satyoM ko upaniSad meM nArada ke sAmane vistArapUrvaka rakhA / AtmasvarUpa kA khUba vistRta varNana upaniSadoM meM huaA, brahma ke svarUpa kI bhI khUba carcA huii| para isa carcA ke bIca kucha sIdhe sAde satya, jo jIvana ke liye anivArya the, zAyada kho gye| vaha sandeza thA, maitrI kA sandeza, mAnava-sevA kA sandeza, samatA kA sandeza, ahiMsA kA sndesh| mahAtmA buddha ke sAmane veda bhI the, upaniSad bhI the, aura unameM ye saba sandeza bhI the kintu vedoM ke karmakANDaparaka vyAkhyAnoM ne aura upaniSadkAroM kI bAla kI khAla nikAlane vAlI tattvacarcA ke bIca ye sIdhe-sAde satya kho gye| mahAtmA buddha ne dekhA ki karmakANDa to hai, tattva jJAna to hai, para dukha, jarA, vinAza, roga, aura zoka vyakti ko nahIM chor3a rahe / 2 mahAtmA buddha ko aisA lagA ki saba jJAna ke aura isa saba carcA ke bAvajUda saMsAra meM dukha hai to isa dukha kA koI kAraNa bhI honA cAhie aura usa kAraNa kA nivAraNa bhI honA caahie| kevala aisA kaha dene se to gujArA nahIM calegA ki saMsAra meM dukha hai, to hai hI, kyA kiyA jA sakatA hai ? vyakti ko prAtmAvalambI bananA hogA, jAgarUka honA hogA aura isa dukha kI jar3a para coTa karanI hogii| __mahAtmA buddha ke bAda yaha dukha kI sattA kI anubhUti tIvra se tIvratara hotI calI gii| vastusthiti yaha hai ki mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha ke bAda bhAratIya cintana eka naI dizA meM mor3a letA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM maulikatA eka prakAza se samApta ho jAtI hai aura isalie svataH pramANa racanAoM kA kAla bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| isake bAda kI jitanI racanAe~ haiM, ve cAhe hindU dharma kI hoM, cAhe bauddha yA jaina dharma kI, parataH pramANa haiM arthAt unakI 1. Rgveda. 1.164.36 2. aGgattaranikAya, landana, 1951, 3.62.10 3. vahI, 3.61.1.1-13

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/ ( 26 ) prAmANikatA tabhI taka hai jaba taka ki ve mUla vAkyoM se arthAt zruti vAkyoM se yA mahAtmA buddha ke vacanoM se yA mahAvIra ke vacanoM se mela khaayeN| ataH jina tathyoM ko aba taka ke vAGmaya meM udghATita kara diyA gayA, isake bAda ke sAhitya meM unhIM tathyoM kA vivecana, vargIkaraNa aura vizleSaraNa hone lgaa| isa prakAra niyamita darzanoM kI nIMva par3a gii| inameM ve darzana jo kisI na kisI rUpa meM vedoM kI prAmANikatA ko mAnate the, chaH Astika darzana kahalAye aura jo vedoM kI prAmANikatA ko nahIM mAnate the, ve nAstika darzana khlaae| kintu ina darzanoM ko nAstika yA Astika na kahakara vedamUlaka aura avedamUlaka kahanA adhika upayukta hogaa| chaH darzana-sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika, pUrva mImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA-vaidika darzana haiM aura avaidika darzanoM meM cArvAka, jaina aura bauddha Ate haiN| ina vaidika avaidika sabhI darzanoM meM se cArvAka pRthak jA par3atA hai aura pUrvamImAMsA kI bhI eka alaga dRSTi hai| zeSa sAta darzana eka koTi ke antargata Ate haiN| cArvAka darzana ne sabhI darzanoM ke samAna dukha ko heya aura sukha ko upAdeya to mAnA, para unakA sukha aura dukha kA rUpa kucha aura hI hai| yadi satya kaheM to sAmAnyataH manuSya jise dukha aura sukha mAnate haiM, usa lokapriya artha meM sukha aura dukha kA prayoga cArvAkoM ne hI kiyaa| kintu cArvAkoM kI sthiti spaSTa hai| ve sukhoM ke sAdhanoM ko hI sukha mAnate haiN| aura ye vicAra ki kisI utkRSTa sukha kI prApti ke lie sukhoM ko chor3a denA cAhie, unheM samajha meM nahIM aataa| yadi saMsAra ke viSaya bhogoM ke sAtha-sAtha hameM kucha dukha bhI bhogane par3eM, to yaha kahanA ThIka nahIM hogA ki hameM ve sukha usa dukha ke bhaya se sarvathA chor3a dene caahieN| kyA koI atyanta uttama dhAnya ko isalie chor3a detA hai ki una para bhUsI kA chilakA car3hA hayA hai| ata: viSaya sukhoM ko chor3ane kI carcA cArvAka darzana ke lie hAsyAspada hai| jina-jina kAraNoM se anya darzana viSayabhogoM ko chor3ane kA upadeza dete haiM, una-una saba kAraNoM kA bhI cArvAka niSedha karatA hai| bahuta 1. tyAjyaM sukhaM viSayasaGgamajanmapuMsAM duHkhopasRSTamiti mUrkhavicAraNaSA / vrIhIjihAsati sitottamataNDulADhyAna ko nAma bhostuSakaNopahitAn hitArthI // sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR.4

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( 30 ) se zAstra paraloka ke pralobhana dekara ihaloka ke viSaya bhogoM ko chor3ane kI bAta kahate haiM, bahuta se darzana, zAstroM ko hI pramANa mAnakara unake vAkya uddhRta karate haiM, jinameM yaha kahA gayA hai ki viSayabhoga chor3a dene cAhie~ / aura kucha darzana paramAtmA kA bhaya dikhAkara viSayabhogoM ko chor3ane kA upadeza dete haiN| kintu cArvAka ne ina sabakA khaNDana kara diyaa| usane na paraloka ko mAnA, na zAstroM ko mAnA, aura na Izvara ko| ve zuddha pratyakSavAdI haiM, utane mAtra ko hI satya mAnate haiM jitanA pratyakSa dikhAI detA hai| kintu hama jAnate haiM ki pratyakSa dvArA satya kA eka aMza hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| zarIra ke rogoM kA yadi pratyakSa ke AdhAra para upacAra karane caleM to koI bhI cikitsaka isa bAta kI sAkSI de sakatA hai ki hamAre upacAra adhUre aura upahAsAtmaka hoMge / yadi hama mana kA vizleSaNa kevala pratyakSa mana arthAt cetana mana ko sAmane rakhakara kareM to ghora nAstika manovaijJAnika bhI isa bAta se sahamata hogA, ki hama kevala mana ke bahuta thor3e bhAga ko lagabhaga 1. bhAga ko hI jAna pAe~ge / hamAre mana kA bahuta bar3A aMza arddhacetana aura acetana hai jise hama pratyakSa dvArA nahIM jAna pAte / jisa prakAra barpha kA eka Tukar3A yadi pAnI meM DAla diyA jAya, to usakA thor3A sA bhAga hI pAnI se bAhara hotA hai, zeSa bhAga pAnI ke andara chipA rahatA hai, aisI hI avasthA hamAre mana kI hai| yadi cikitsaka zarIra ke sambandha meM kevala pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnakara nahIM cala sakatA aura yadi manovaijJAnika mana ke sambandha meM mana ke pratyakSa bhAga ko satya' mAnane para dhokhA khAtA hai to yadi dArzanika jIvana meM kevala pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAna le, to usakI kyA gati hogI, yaha spaSTa hai / kyoMki hamAre zarIra kA jitanA bhAga apratyakSa hai, usase kahIM adhika apratyakSa hamAre mana kA bhAga hai aura hamAre mana kA jitanA bhAga hai apratyakSa hai, hamAre jIvana kA to usase bhI kahIM adhika bhAga apratyakSa hai| gItA meM kahA hai ki hamArA jIvana kevala madhya meM hI vyakta hai| usakA Adi aura anta avyakta hai|' jisa prakAra mAnava jAti kA prArambha aura anta ajJAta hai, jIvana kA anta bhI aura prArambha bhI usI prakAra ajJAta hai, parokSa hai| kintu cArvAka darzana ne bhI hameM eka dRSTi dii| usane hara mAnyatA ko tarka 1. avyaktAdIni bhUtAni vyaktamadhyAni bhArata ! avyaktanidhanAnyeva tatra kA paridevanA / / -gItA 2.28

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( 31 ) kI kasauTI para kasanA cAhA aura isa prayatna meM yadyapi vaha jIvana ke bahuta se Avazyaka tattvoM kI upekSA kara gayA, kintu isake sAtha-hI-sAtha jIvana ke bahuta se anAvazyaka tattva jo vyartha ke cintana se utpanna ho gaye the, usake dvArA dUra kara diye gaye / yadyapi yajJoM meM pracalita pazuhiMsA kI niMdA bauddha aura jainoM ne kI, kintu aisA lagatA hai ki isakA sUtrapAta cArvAka logoM ne hI kara diyA thA kyoMki yajJa meM mArA gayA pazu paraloka meM svarga kI prApti karatA hai, isa mata kA khaNDana yaha kahakara ki yadi aisA hai, to tuma apane pitA ko yajJa meM mAra kara svarga kyoM nahIM bheja dete' cArvAkoM kI hI maulika udbhAvanA lagatI hai aura yaha tarka cArvAkoM ke dvArA kahe jAne para adhika balavAn pratIta isaliye bhI hotA hai ki isa tarka kA jo AdhAra hai, zAstra vacana yA paraloka, cArvAka donoM ko hI nahIM mAnatA, jabaki jaina yA bauddha una donoM ko hI mAnate haiN| cArvAka darzana eka bahuta bar3I zikSA hameM de sakatA hai aura vaha zikSA hai ki hama vartamAna meM jIyeM, bhUta aura bhaviSya kI vyartha kalpanAoM meM vartamAna ko bigAr3anA buddhimattA nahIM hai / bhUtakAla ne jo kucha hameM denA thA, vaha hameM vartamAna ke rUpa meM de diyA aura bhUtakAla svayaM samApta ho gayA / aba hama use dubArA se nahIM jI skte| bhaviSya abhI anAgata hai aura bhaviSya ne jo kucha bananA hai, vaha vartamAna meM hI bananA hai / aAja kA vartamAna bIte hue kala meM bhUtakAla bana jAegA aura Ane vAle kala meM rahane vAlA bhaviSyakAla bhI kabhI vartamAna bana jAne vAlA hai / vastutaH yadi hama apane jIvana para dhyAna deM to hamAre sAre dukha vAstavika nahIM haiN| ve bhUta aura bhaviSya kI cintA se prArambha hote haiM aura hamArI una bhUta aura bhaviSya sambandhI cintAoM meM se adhikatara cintA nirAdhAra hotI haiM, kAlpanika hotI haiN| bhUtakAla sambandhI samasta cintAeM aura vicAra to vaise hI gata ho cuke haiN| unakI sattA samApta ho cukI hai| bhaviSya ke sambandha meM bhI jo anAgata cintAeM haiM, unameM bhI bahuta sArI kabhI vAstavika rUpa dhAraNa nahIM kreNgii| isa prakAra cArvAka darzana ne bhUtakAla aura paraloka kI cintAoM meM jo hama apane vartamAna kI upekSA kara rahe the, usakI ora hamArA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA aura jIvanadarzana ko pratyakSa para AdhArita karake use eka prayogAtmaka vijJAna kA rUpa 1. pazuzcennihata: svarga jyotiSTome gamiSyati / svapitA yajamAnena tatra kasmAnna hiMsyate / --sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR. 13

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( 32 ) diyA jahAM hara satya ko tarka aura anubhava kI kasauTI para kasA jAnA hai| hama bhUta aura bhaviSya kI cintAoM se mukta raheM, isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki hama bhUta aura bhaviSya ko sarvathA mithyA hI mAna leM, unakI sattA hI na mAne / manuSya jo kucha hai, vaha apane bhUta kAla ke karmoM kA pariNAma hai / aura manuSya jo karma vartamAna meM karatA hai, ve karma vartamAna meM hI vilIna nahIM ho jAte, apanI chApa bhaviSya ke liye bhI chor3a jAte haiN| yadi aisA na ho to kAryakAraNa kI vaijJAnika paramparA hI TUTa jAegI, aura hamArI yaha AsthA bhI ki acche karma kA acchA aura bure karma kA burA phala avazya prApta hotA hai, TUTa jaaegii| pUrvamImAMsA vaidika darzanoM meM zAyada sabase purAnA darzana hai jo maraNa ke uparAnta bhI jIva kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| kintu pUrvamImAMsA vartamAna jIvana kI upekSA nahIM krtaa| vaha paraloka ko mAnatA hai para ihaloka ko asatya nahIM maantaa| vaha isa loka ke sukha bhogoM ko bhI asatya nahIM maantaa| pUrvamImAMsA meM vastutaH yaha viveka ki sukha ke sAdhana aura sukha meM maulika bheda hai, utpanna nahIM huA thaa| paraloka meM bhI prApta hone vAle sukha vastutaH isa loka meM prApta hone vAle sukhoM kA hI eka utkRSTa rUpa haiM / pariNAma aura tAratamya kI dRSTi se paraloka ke sukha isa loka meM sukha kI apekSA bahuta adhika haiM / kintu ve sukha jAti kI dRSTi se isa loka ke sukhoM se bhinna nahIM haiN| mImAMsA-darzana ne hameM svarga kI kalpanA dI jisa svarga meM hamArI ve icchAeM jo isa loka meM atRpta raha jAtI haiM, tRpta hotI haiN| svarga meM samasta sukhoM ke sAdhana haiM, kalpavRkSa haiM, apsarAeM haiM, vimAna haiM, aura jina sukhoM kI bhI hama kalpanA kara sakate haiM, ve samasta sukha svarga meM haiM, aura samasta dharmopadeza kA lakSya svarga se bar3hakara kucha nahIM hai| pUrvamImAMsA ke dvArA jo yaha sukha kA svarUpa diyA gayA, vaha usakI apanI maulika dena hai aura bhArata meM cArvAka ke atirikta sabhI darzanoM ne use apanI-apanI paddhati meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyaa| kintu kyA svarga jIvana kA antima lakSya ho sakatA hai ? kyA bhoga aura vilAsa ke sAdhana hameM pUrNataH tRpta kara sakate haiM ? kyA viSaya sukha sarvathA dukharahita ho sakate haiM cAhe ve viSaya sukha svarga ke hI kyoM na hoM ? sambhavataH sarvaprathama yaha jijJAsA sAMkhyadarzana ke sAhitya meM huI / sAMkhyadarzana ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki hamAre pratyeka anubhava meM nyUna yA adhika mAtrA meM prakRti ke tInoM tatva-sattva rajas aura tamas mile rahate haiN| samasta sukhabhoga rajoguNI pravRtti

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( 33 ) ke pariNAma haiN| taba yaha kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ki ve dukha se rahita hoN|' isa pAribhASika zabdajAla se nikalakara agara hama isa tathya ko samajhane kA prayatna kareM, to hama kaha sakate haiM ki pratyeka anubhUti meM eka atRpti kA bhAva avazya banA rahatA hai; kucha aura prApta ho jAe, yaha bhAva avazya banA rahatA hai; kRtakRtyatA kA bhAva nahIM aataa| ata: isa sukha ko pUrNa sukha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hamAre samasta dukha sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra tIna bhAgoM meM vargIkRta ho sakate haiM-1. AdhyAtmika, arthAt ve dukha jo manuSya ke apane deha yA mana se utpanna hote haiM, 2. Adhibhautika arthAt ve dukha jo manuSya ke apane vyaktitva se utpanna na hokara pazu-pakSI yA anya prANiyoM dvArA utpanna hote haiM, 3. Adhidaivika arthAt ve dukha jo ativRSTi, anAvRSTi jaise prAkRtika kAraNoM se utpanna hote haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ina dukhoM ko dUra karane ke laukika upAya haiM aura una upAyoM ko hara vyakti apanI sahaja buddhi se jAnatA hai aura isake liye kisI dharma-darzana kI carcA Avazyaka nahIM hai| kintu ve sarvajanaprasiddha laukika upAya ina dukhoM ko sarvathA dUra nahIM kara sakate / prathama to yaha nizcita nahIM hai, ki laukika upAyoM se koI dukha avazya dUra ho hI jAye / udAharaNataH auSadhi roga ko dUra kara bhI sakatI hai, para zAyada na bhI kre| dUsare laukika upAyoM se jo dukha kA nivAraNa hai, vaha sthAyI nahIM hai, asthAyI hai| sAMkhyadarzana ne jo kucha hamane cArvAka yA pUrvamImAMsA se sIkhA thA, usakI apekSA eka sopAna Age bar3hakara yaha tathya spaSTa kiyA ki cArvAka jina ihalaukika sUkhoM kA aura pUrvamImAMsA jina pAralaukika sukhoM kA gAna karatI hai, ve sukha zuddhataH sukha nahIM haiN| sAMkhyadarzana kA yaha kathana yadi hama apane jIvana meM ghaTAkara dekheM to hameM lagegA ki hamAre jIvana meM dukha kI eka ajJAta chAyA hamArA sarvadA anukaraNa kara rahI hai / yadyapi cAhe hamAre sukha-sAdhana dina-pratidina bar3hate hI kyoM na cale 1. tadetatpratyAtmavedanIyaM duHkhaM raja:pariNAmabhedo na zakyate pratyAkhyAtum / vAcaspatimizra, sAMkhyakArikA, 1. 2. vahI, sAMkhyakArikA, 1. 3. du:khatrayAbhighAtAjjijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau / dRSTe sA'pArthA cennaikAntAtyantato'bhAvAt / / savA sAMkhyakArikA, 1.

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( 34 ) jAe~, kintu jyoM-jyoM hama apane jIvana meM agrasara hote haiM, hameM yaha lagatA hai ki dukha kI mAtrA bar3hatI calI jA rahI hai, eka nirAzA chAtI calI jAtI hai| jyoM-jyoM hamArA zarIra jIrNa hotA hai, hamArA mana bhI giratA calA jAtA hai / hAM kevala eka AzA jIrNa nahIM hotii| yaha jIvana kA eka yathArtha citra hai| yaha ThIka hai ki jIvana ke bahuta se aise naze haiM-dhana kA nazA, rUpa kA nazA, yA vidyA kA bhI nazA-jinakI mastI meM hameM dukha bhUlA rahatA hai para isase dukha kI sattA nahIM samApta ho jaatii| sAMkhyadarzana ne jisa dukha kI anivArya sattA kI ora hamArA dhyAna dilAyA, yogadarzana ne usakA aura bhI adhika gambhIra vizleSaNa kiyA, vivecana kiyA, aura yaha pAyA ki saMsAra meM vastutaH sukha kahIM hai hI nahIM, vastutaH dukha hI dukha hai| yogadarzana ne isake bahuta se kAraNa diye, prathama kAraNa to spaSTa hai ki samasta sAMsArika sukha asthAI haiM, kSaNabhaMgura haiM, unake sambandha meM hama kabhI bhI nizcita hokara nahIM baiTha sakate ki ve prApta hone ke bAda china nahIM jaaeNge| dUsare yaha asthAyI sukha bhI saralatA se prApta nahIM hote, inake lie eka kaThora saMgharSa karanA par3atA hai, mahAn kaSTa sahane par3ate haiN| tIsare saMsAra ke samasta sukha bhoga hamArI svatantratA kA apaharaNa kara lete haiN| hama una para nirbhara hone lagate haiM aura hamArI AtmanirbharatA samApta ho jAtI hai| cauthe sAMsArika sukha hamArI icchAoM ko pUrNa nahIM kara pAte pratyuta bar3hAte hI haiN| jisake pAsa sau rupayA hai vaha hajAra, jisake pAsa hajAra hai vaha lAkha, aura lakhapati karor3a aura karor3apati samrAT aura samrAT indra aura indra brahmA kA pada pAne ke liye nirantara vyAkula hai| kahIM bhI kRtakRtyatA nahIM hai, sarvatra eka becainI hai| pAMcaveM jaba hama sAMsArika padArthoM ke pIche bhAgate haiM to yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki una sAMsArika padArthoM ke pIche bhAgane vAle hama akele haiN| saMsAra ke sabhI prANI unhIM padArthoM ke pIche bhAga rahe haiN| aura yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jaba bahuta sAre prANiyoM ko eka hI vastu prApta karanI hogI to unameM paraspara spardhA kA bhAva AegA, IrSyA utpanna hogI, saMgharSa aura kalaha bddh'egaa| chaThA kAraNa aura antima kAraNa jo yogasUtra meM sukhoM ke prati vitRSNA kA diyA gayA hai vaha yaha hai ki saMsAra ke samasta sukhabhogoM ko bhogane kA sAdhana indriyAM haiN| parantu ina sukhabhogoM kA bhoga hI indriyoM ko 1. pariNAmatApasaMskAraduHkharguNavRttivirodhAcca du:khameva sarva vivekinaH / F-yogasUtra, gorakhapura, vi0 saM0 2013, 2.15.

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( 35 ) jIrNa aura zithila kara detA hai / aura eka aisI avasthA A jAtI hai ki hamArI indriyAM to javAba de detI haiM, para hamArI bhogoM kI icchA nitya navIna banI rahatI hai / aura aisI avasthA meM samasta saMsAra ke sukha hamAre liye dukha rUpa hI bana jAte haiN| yogasUtra kA yaha vistRta aura sUkSma vivecana dhyAna dene yogya hai / saba darzanoM ne sambhavataH sarvaprathama yogadarzana ne saMsAra ke sukhabhogoM kA eka tAttvika vizleSaNa kiyaa| saMsAra ke sukhabhogoM kA eka apanA Aka AkarSaNa hai, kintu ina sukhabhogoM kI hai aura bahuta bar3A AkarSaNa hai anyathA sabhI zAstra aura gurutroM ke bArambAra niSedha karane para bhI prANI unakI ora AkRSTa kyoM hotA / kintu yadi sUkSma vizleSaNa kareM to yaha lagegA ki yaha sukhabhoga apane Apa meM bahuta adhUre haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ina sukhabhogoM kA apanA vaha AkarSaNa tattvataH eka niSedhAtmaka AkarSaNa hai / mAdakatA meM hameM isake atirikta aura kucha prApta nahIM hotA ki hama kSaNa bhara ke lie apane dukhoM ko bhUla jAte haiM / kintu ve dukha usa mAdakatA ke haTane para phira usI prakAra ubhara Ate haiM aura jisa taraha khAja ko khujAne se khAja nahIM miTatI, kSaNika zAnti zravazya milatI hai, kintu vaha khAja bar3hatI calI jAtI hai isI prakAra sukhabhogoM meM jahAM eka ora hamAre dukhoM ko thor3I dera ke liye bhulA dene kI zakti hai vahAM dUsarI ora hamArI icchAoM ko bar3hA dene kI bhI zakti hai / kavikulaguru kAlidAsa ke zabdoM meM kaheM to sukhoM kI prApti kevala hamArI utsukatA ko samApta kara detI hai, sukha nahIM detI / eka bhArI chatra yadi dhUpa meM lekara svayaM hI jAnA par3e to, vaha chatra hamAre parizrama ko itanI mAtrA meM dUra nahIM karatA jitanI mAtrA meM bar3hA detA hai / ' ata: yogasUtra ne saMsAra ke samasta sukhoM ko bhI dukha kI hI saMjJA dI aura hameM anAgata dukha ko nivAraNa karane kI preraNA bhI dI / itanA kucha samajha cukane ke bAda bhI hama jo sAMsArika sukhoM ke jAla meM phaMse cale jAte haiM, usakA kAraNa hamArA ajJAna hI hai / isa ora sarvaprathama hamArA dhyAna nyAya darzana ne AkRSTa kiyaa| unhoMne dukha kI jar3a meM mithyA 1. zrautsukyamAtramavasAyayati pratiSThA kliznAti labdhaparipAlanavRttireva / nAtizramApanayanAya yathA zramAya rAjyaM svahastadhRtadaNDamivAtapatram // - abhijJAnazAkuntala, 5.6. 2. heyaM duHkhamanAgatam, yogasUtra, 2.16.

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jJAna ko kAraNa mAnA / ' hamAre ajJAna ke kAraNa hamase doSa hote haiM, ve doSa hameM nirarthaka karmoM meM pravRtta karate haiN| vaha hamArI pravRtti, hamAre janma kA kAraNa hai / aura hamArA janma hamAre dukha kA kAraNa hai| isa yogadarzana aura nyAyadarzana ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki inake samaya taka bhAratIya darzana eka nayA mor3a le cukA thA aura yaha kahanA anucita nahIM hogA ki isa prakAra kI dRSTi ne hamAre janajIvana meM nirAzAvAda ko sthAna diyaa| jo darzana aura dharma dukha kA nAza karane ke lie aura sukha kI prApti ke liye utpanna huA thA, vaha jaise dukha kA upAsaka bana baitthaa| bhAgavata meM kuntI ne kRSNa ke prati jo ye vacana kahe ve bhAratIya janamAnasa ke acche paricAyaka haiM ki he jagat guru hameM nirantara vipadA kA sAmanA karanA par3e kyoMki vipatti meM ApakA smaraNa hotA hai jisase ki punarjanma kI jar3a kaTa jAtI hai / 2 kabIra ne spaSTa kahA : sukha ke mAthe sila pare nAma hRdaya se jAya / balihArI dukha Apano pala pala nAma rttaay|| spaSTa hai ki ye saba bhAvanAe~ bhAratIya jana-mAnasa ko nirAzAvAda kI dizA meM dhakelatI rahIM aura bahuta kucha aba bhI dhakelatI haiN| hama kaha cuke haiM ki nirAzAvAda manuSya ke jIvana kA sabase bar3A zatru hai / jahA~ aAzA kA prakAza nahIM hai, vahA~ samasta sUjha-bUjha samApta ho jAtI hai; vahA~ darzana aura dharma kI to bAta hI kyA, sAdhAraNa laukika kArya bhI karane asaMbhava ho jAte haiN| kintu yadi hama sAMkhya, yoga aura nyAya kI dRSTi ko thor3A adhika gambhIratA se soceM aura usameM se nirAzAvAda ke vikAra ko nikAla deM to hama yaha dekheMge ki ye darzana eka aise sukha kI khoja meM pAgala haiM jo sukha manuSya ko pUrNa kara de, kRtakRtya kara de, usake jIvana ko eka anupama ullAsa se bhara de| kintu isa para bhI yaha mAnanA hogA ki eka aisA samaya avazya AyA jaba ina darzanoM kA uddezya kevala niSedha rUpa raha gayA arthAt dukha kI nivRtti / aura ina darzanoM ne yaha svIkAra karane se inkAra kara diyA ki ve kisI aisI avasthA kI khoja meM haiM jahA~ Ananda hotA hai| kintu yaha mAnanA par3egA ki ye sabhI darzana vedamUlaka haiM, upaniSad ko pramANa mAnate haiM aura upaniSad meM jaba brahma kI carcA 1. du:khajanmapravRttidoSamithyAjJAnAnAmuttarottarApAye tadantarApAyAdapavarga: nyAyasUtra, pUnA, 1636,1.1.2. 2. zrImadbhAgavata 1.8.25.

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( 37 ) kI hai, to Ananda aura rasa jaise zabdoM kA prayoga itanI bAra kiyA hai ki cAhe ye darzana hameM kitanA bhI vizvAsa kyoM na dilAnA cAheM hama yaha nahIM mAna sakate ki upaniSadoM meM jisa mukta avasthA kA varNana hai, vaha kevala dukha se rahita avasthA hai aura usameM sukha nahIM hai / ' bauddha darzana ke sambandha meM bhI yahI kahA jAtA hai ki mahAtmA buddha nirvANa ko eka aisI cIz2a mAnate the jaise dIpaka kI jyoti bujhane para samApta ho jAtI hai / kintu piTakoM meM aise vAkya prAte haiM jinameM yaha spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki nirvANa parama sukha hai / 3 upaniSad aura gItA ke sabase adhika pratinidhitva karane vAle vedAnta darzana ne kevala dukha kI nivRtti ko koI mahattva nahIM diyA / vastutaH usane dukha kI sattA hI svIkAra nahIM kI / nyAyadarzana ne jaba yaha kahA thA ki dukha kA mUla kAraNa ajJAna hai, to isameM hI vedAnta kI isa mAnyatA ke bIja chipe hue haiM ki dukha satya hai, eka bhramamAtra hai, kyoMki prajJAna satya nahIM hotA, vaha eka bhramamAtra hotA hai / vedAnta darzana ne bar3I UhApoha pUrvaka samasta darzanoM kA khaNDana karake yaha nirvivAda rUpa se siddha kara diyA, ki mukti kI avasthA eka Ananda kI avasthA hai| isa mukti ke Ananda kI avasthA ko upaniSadoM meM zraura aneka zAstroM meM bahuta hI kAvyAtmaka DhaMga se kahane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / 4 kintu pariNAma yahI nikalA hai ki yaha gUMge kA gur3a hai, jisakA rasa liyA to jA sakatA hai para batalAyA nahIM jA sakatA / isa prakAra vedAntadarzana meM Akara samasta vaidika darzanoM kI eka pariNati ho jAtI hai aura vaha pariNati yaha hai ki dukha asatya hai, hamArA svarUpa zrAnandarUpa hai| jisa kSaraNa hama apane svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra kareM usa hI kSaraNa zrAnanda hameM yahIM aura abhI upalabdha ho sakatA hai| vaha Ananda prApya nahIM hai, saMskArya nahIM hai, aura vikArya yA utpAdya bhI nahIM hai / ' arthAt jisa prakAra koI padArtha dUrI para sthita hotA hai, aura 1. nAnandAbhivyaktirmuktinirdharmatvAt -- sAMkhyasUtra 5.74. 2. naivAvani gacchati nAntarikSam -- saundarananda 16.28-26. 3. nibbAnaM paramAni sukhAni 4. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 2.4.12. 5. naiSkarmyasiddhi, pUnA, 1625, 1.53. -- Pali-English Dictionary, pR0 364.

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( 38 ) hameM use prApta karane ke liye usake nikaTa jAnA hotA hai, isa prakAra prAnanda hamase dUra kahIM nahIM hai jahA~ hameM use pAne ke liye jAnA ho| vaha saMskArya bhI nahIM hai, arthAt aisA bhI nahIM hai ki hameM kisI padArtha ko pariSkRta karake Ananda prApta karanA hai| kisI padArtha ko vikRta karake prApta karane kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| Ananda utpAdya bhI nahIM hai ki jisa prakAra gehU~ ke bIja se gehU~ ke dAne utpanna kiye jAte haiM, use utpanna kiyA jA ske| vaha hamArA apanA nijI zAzvata svabhAva hai, apanA sahaja rUpa hai| usakI prApti meM yadi koI bAdhA hai, to vaha ajJAna kI hai| vedAnta ne upaniSadoM kI paramparA meM jJAna para adhika bala diyA yadyapi upaniSadoM meM aise vAkyoM kI kamI nahIM thI jinameM karmoM kI mahattA kA balapUrvaka pratipAdana hai| IzopaniSad ne spaSTa kahA hai ki vyakti ko karma karate hue hI jIvita rahane kI icchA karanI caahie|' lokamAnya tilaka ne apane bhASya meM yaha pUrNataH siddha kara diyA ki gItA bhI karma yoga kI hI zikSA detI hai| kintu zaMkarAcArya ne apane udbhaTa vidvattA ke bala para samasta vedAnta kA cAhe vaha upaniSad ho yA gItA, yA brahmasUtra, jJAna paraka hI artha lgaayaa| unhoMne eka aise dArzanika DhA~ce kA nirmANa kara liyA thA jisake anusAra saMsAra meM bandhana kA kevala eka hI kAraNa raha jAtA thA aura vaha thA ajJAna / ataH mukti kA bhI eka hI sAdhana thA jJAna / isake lie unheM upaniSadoM meM aura gItA meM jJAna ke poSaka vAkya bhI mila ge| isa kar3I meM hama eka aura vizeSa paramparA kI ora dhyAna dilAnA cAhate haiM aura vaha paramparA hai vaizeSikoM kii| vaizeSika sUtra meM dharma kA sAdhana kevala pAralaukika sukha yA mokSa hI nahIM mAnA gayA, ihalaukika sukha ko bhI dharma ke sAdhyoM meM se mAnA / 2 isa prakAra mahAbhArata kI usa paramparA kA jisa meM dharma ko artha aura kAma kA sAdhana batalAyA gayA hai, vaizeSika sUtra ne usa paramparA se samanvaya kara diyA jo paramparA dharma kA uddezya kevala mokSa mAnatI thii| kintu bhAratIya itihAsa para yadi dRSTi DAleM to aisA lagatA hai ki isa samanvita 1. IzopaniSad, 2. 2. yato'bhyudayani:zreyasasiddhiH sa dharma: YE -vaizeSikasUtra, ilAhAbAda, 1623, 1.1.2. 3. dharmAdarthazca kAmazca .-mahAbhArata, 18.5.62.

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( 36 ) dRSTi kA bahuta adhika prAdara nahIM huaa| nivRttiparaka dharmoM ne artha aura kAma kI bharapeTa nindA kI aura kucha aise sampradAya bhI calate rahe, jaise vAma mArga, jo artha aura kAma ko dharma kA virodhI nahIM, pratyuta sahAyaka mAnate rahe aura ina donoM mArgoM ne apane-apane kSetra meM ati kara dii| jo dharma kA uddezya kevala mokSa mAnate the artha aura kAma kI avahelanA karate the, unheM to kaThopaniSad ke ina vAkyoM meM apane mata kI puSTi kA samarthana milA ki zreya aura preya eka dUsare ke viparIta haiM, donoM kA viparIta phala hai aura donoM kA samanvaya nahIM ho sktaa|' vAmamArgI logoM ne zruti ko pramANa na mAnakara tantroM ko pramANa mAnA aura tantroM meM isa prakAra ke vAkya khoja nikAle, jinameM artha aura kAma ko hI mokSa kA sAdhana mAnA thaa| ye donoM paramparAe~ eka dUsare kI viparIta dizA meM bahatI rahIM aura donoM kA rUpa atyanta vikRta ho gyaa| nivRttimArgI saMsAra kI itanI adhika upekSA kara baiThe ki unakI sthiti samajhadAra logoM kI dRSTi meM upahAsAspada bana gaI aura vAmamArgI sAdhAraNa sadAcAra kA itanI sImA taka ullaMghana kara gae ki samAja ne unakA bahiSkAra kara diyaa| sabase bar3I bAta yaha thI ki na to prAtyantika nivRtti mArga samAja ke lie kucha detA thA kyoMki usameM samAja kA koI sthAna hI nahIM thA aura vAmamArga samAja ke niyamoM ke spaSTata: itanA viruddha jAtA thA ki usakA bahiSkAra samAja ne kara diyaa| isa prakAra abhyudaya aura nizreyasa ke samanvaya kA jo mArga vaizeSika sUtra meM hameM upalabdha hotA hai, vaha kevala eka siddhAnta hI banakara raha gayA, vyavahAra meM nahIM utara skaa| hamane sabhI vaidika aura jainetara avaidika darzanoM ke anusAra prastuta samasyA para aitihAsika aura AlocanAtmaka paddhati se vicAra karane kA prayatna kiyaa| kintu vastusthiti yaha hai ki darzana kI kisI samasyA para aitihAsika paddhati se vicAra karanA kaThina hotA hai aura vizeSakara bhAratIya darzana meM yaha kaThinAI aura bhI bar3ha jAtI hai kyoMki yahA~ prAcAryoM ke yA granthoM ke samaya sarvathA anizcita haiN| kintu kisI darzana kI samasyA para yadi aitihAsika paddhati kA zuddha rUpa se anusaraNa na bhI kiyA jAe, to vizeSa hAni nahIM hotI kyoMki satya satya hai, cAhe vaha kisI bhI kAla se sambaddha kyoM na ho| isalie hamane jo Upara vivecana kiyA, usameM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ina saba dRSTikoNoM 1. zreyazca preyazca viparItametI -kaThopaniSada

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( 40 ) kA vikAsa aitihAsika paddhati se kaise huA hogA kintu yadi vaicArika stara para vicAra kareM to aisA lagatA hai ki eka vicAra kI pratikriyA meM dUsarA vicAra paidA ho jAtA hai aura dUsare vicAra kI pratikriyA meM tIsarA vicAra paidA ho jAtA hai aura isa prakAra vicAroM kI zrRMkhalA banatI calI jAtI hai / kintu hama jAnate haiM ki pratikriyA kI pravRtti kabhI svastha nahIM huA karatI / usameM sadA prati ho jAne kA bhaya rahatA hai / aura yadi do pratikriyAoM ke atiraMjita mArgoM ke bIca meM eka samanvita mArga upasthita kiyA jA sake, to vaha satya ke nikaTa hogA, isakI adhika sambhAvanA hotI hai / jaina cintakoM ne isa samanvaya kI paddhati ko eka svatantra cintana kA rUpa de diyA aura bahuta vistAra se samanvita mArga kA pratipAdana unhoMne kiyA / sambhavataH kisI anya darzana ne madhyama mArga yA samanvita dRSTikoNa para itanA adhika bala nahIM diyA jitanA jaina darzana ne diyA / kintu hama yaha jAnate haiM ki madhyastha rahanA yA pratikriyAoM se mukta rahanA bahuta kaThina hai aura jaina darzana bhI ina pratikriyAoM kA zikAra bana gayA / jaina AcAryoM ne pravRttimUlaka aura nivRttimUlaka, zrAvaka aura sAdhu, nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM mArgoM ko sAtha-sAtha calane kI preraNA dI thii| kintu jaina darzana kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki yaha samanvaya kI bhAvanA zAstroM meM to likhI rahI, para jIvana bahuta kucha ekAMgitA A gii|

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sukhaprApti : vidhiparakadRSTi Upara hamane jina do paramparAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai unameM eka vaha paramparA hai jo dharma kA uddezya kevala duHkha kI nivRtti mAnatI hai aura dUsarI vaha paramparA hai jo dharma kA uddezya kevala dukha kI nivRtti hI nahIM, pratyuta sukha kI prApti bhI mAnatI hai / jaina darzana isa dUsarI paramparA ke antargata AtA hai| kintu yahA~ yaha dekhane kI bAta hai ki hamArA dRSTikoNa niSedhAtmaka hai yA vidhyAtmaka, arthAt hama Ananda kI prApti ko pradhAna mAnate haiM yA dukha kI nivRtti ko? hamArA prayAsa Ananda kI prApti ke liye hai yA dukha kI nivRtti ke lie? yaha ThIka hai ki ye donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| kintu prazna hamArI dRSTi kA hai ki hama mahatva aura prAthamikatA kise dete haiM aura yaha eka mahatvapUrNa prazna hai kyoMki isakA hamAre AcaraNa para bahuta prabhAva par3atA hai| kamare meM andhakAra hai kintu andhakAra ko dUra karane ke sAre prayatna vyartha haiM / dhakela-dhakela kara andhakAra ko kamare se nahIM haTAyA jA sktaa| AvazyakatA hai isa dRSTikoNa kI ki hameM kamare meM prakAza lAnA hai na ki isa dRSTikoNa kI ki andhakAra haTAnA hai / andhakAra ke haTAne ke liye koI pRthak prayatna apekSita nahIM hai, kevala prakAza ko lAne bhara kI dera hai ki andhakAra svataH dUra ho jaaegaa| yaha dRSTikoNa isa bAta kA AdhAra banatA hai ki hama dharma ko vidhiparaka banAte haiM yA niSedhaparaka / AtmasvarUpa sukharUpa hai, yadi hama usakI ora apane mana ko kendrita karate haiM to dukha rUpa viSaya bhoga svataH haTa jAte haiM / kintu hamane prazna ko galata dizA kI ora se hala karanA zurU kiyaa| hamane viSayabhogoM kI nindA kA svara itanA U~cA kara diyA ki viSaya bhogoM ko chor3a dene kI bAta pradhAna ho gaI / dharma kA niSedhAsmaka rUpa balavAn ho gayA aura AtmAnanda ke bhoga kI bAta gauNa par3a gii| kintu yaha manuSya ke svabhAva ke sarvathA viparIta hai| manuSya kA svabhAva zUnya ko sahana nahIM kara sktaa| aura hamane viSayabhogoM ke tyAga kA upadeza dekara eka zUnya kI sthiti to paidA kara dI para usa zUnya ke sthAna ko bharane ke lie

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( 42 ) jo AtmA kA sahaja ullAsa AnA cAhie thA, usakI avahelanA ho gaI aura aisA dharma eka Aropita dharma bana gayA, eka balapUrvaka thopA jAne vAlA dharma bana gayA / viSaya aura bhogoM ko hamane tyAga diyA para usake sthAna para jo zUnya paidA huA vaha rikta banA rahA aura usa rikta sthAna meM koI aura nahIM yA sakA, isaliye viSayabhogoM kI sUkSma lAlasAeM usa sthAna ko bharane lagIM / jina sUkSma dRSTi logoM ne una sUkSma viSaya lAlasAoM ko pahacAnA, unhoMne yaha jAnA ki dharmaM to eka DhoMga hai, dikhAvA hai, pAkhaNDa hai| eka samaya thA ki vyakti ko yaha abhimAna thA ki usake pAsa itanI sampadA hai aura jaba usane usa sampadA ko to chor3a diyA aura zrAtmasampadA ko pAyA nahIM to eka riktatA, eka zUnyatA paidA ho gaI aura usa riktatA ko eka sampadA ke abhimAna se bhI adhika bhayaMkara, tyAga ke abhimAna ne bhara diyA, aura tyAgI viSaya bhogoM ko chor3akara bhI tyAga ke abhimAna meM DUbA rahA / yadi hama isa samasyA para isa DhaMga se vicAra na karate pratyuta isa prakAra vicAra karate ki hameM AtmAnanda yA apane sahaja svabhAva se prApta hone vAle rasa kA AsvAdana karanA hai to usa anupama alaukika rasa kI eka ghUMTa lete hI viSayabhogoM kA sukha svataH halAhala ke samAna kaTu lagane lagatA aura taba hamAre lie isa upadeza kA koI artha nahIM raha jAtA ki viSayabhoga chor3ane haiM kyoMki taba hama una viSayabhogoM ko chor3ate nahIM, ve hamase svayaM chUTa jAte aura aisI sthiti meM yaha ahaMbhAva ki hamane tyAga kiyA, nahIM A sakatA / jahA~ taka AtmA ke sahaja svabhAva se utpanna hone vAle Ananda kA prazna thA, usakA to abhimAna kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki vaha koI prApti nahIM hai, kintu pahale se hI prApta padArtha kI abhivyakti mAtra hai| Upara se dekheM to ina donoM sthitiyoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai / donoM sthitiyoM meM tyAga hai, nivRtti hai, kintu yadi tatvataH parIkSA kareM, to donoM sthitiyoM meM rAta-dina kA antara hai| pahalI sthiti kevala hamArI niSedhAtmaka sthiti kI paricAyaka hai / usameM hama kucha chor3a dete haiM kintu vaha chor3anA kevala chor3ane ke liye hai / kintu manuSya kA svabhAva aise niSedha ko svIkAra nahIM kara sakatA ki jisameM kevala niSedha ho, kucha upalabdhi na ho| isake tIna sambhava pariNAma ho sakate haiM- pahalA to yaha sambhava pariNAma hai ki hama jIvana ke sukhabhogoM kA niSedha karate cale jAe~ aura hamArA jIvana eka nIrasa vyApAra bana jAe / hamAre jIvana kA Ananda srota sUkha jaae| isakA pariNAma hai eka Uba, eka

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( 43 ) cir3acir3Apana / dUsarA yaha pariNAma sambhava ho sakatA hai ki hama jIvana ke sukhabhogoM ko to chor3a deM kintu hamArA yaha tyAga kevala UparI ho| mana se viSayabhogoM kA rasa nahIM jaae| aura isa sthiti meM hamArA tyAga eka pAkhaNDa mAtra raha jAtA hai| tIsarA eka yaha bhI vikalpa sambhava hai ki hama viSayabhogoM ko isa AzA meM chor3a deM ki hameM inake tyAga ke badale meM bhaviSya meM paraloka meM yA AgAmI Ane vAle jIvanoM meM isase ananta guNA sukha prApta hogA aura isa prakAra hama vartamAna meM jIvita na rahakara bhaviSya kI kalpanAoM meM khoye rheN|

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ratnatraya : eka ikAI kintu yaha tInoM hI vikalpa avAMchanIya haiN| dharma jIvana meM eka alaukika sukha aura sAmaMjasya paidA karane vAlA honA cAhie na ki niirstaa| aura pAkhaNDa to kadApi vAMchanIya hai hI nhiiN| hama isa prakAra ke udAharaNa jAnate haiM ki bAharI tyAga yadi Antarika tyAga nahIM hai to atyanta nissAra siddha hotA hai| kahate haiM ki zukadeva digambara the| ve kevala eka kamaMDalu rakhate the aura mahArAja janaka saba sukha sAdhanoM se sampanna the| zukadeva ko yaha jijJAsA huI ki janaka rAjabhoga ke vaibhavavilAsoM meM rahate hue bhI kaise yoga sAdha sakate haiN| ve janaka ke yahA~ phuNce| janaka ne unakA svAgata kiyaa| darabAra meM jAne se pahale zukadeva apanA kamaMDalu dvArapAla ke pAsa chor3a gaye the / itanI dera meM prAsAda meM Aga laga gii| zukadeva ko apane kamaMDalU kI cintA hii| para mahArAja janaka zAnta bhAva se baiThe rhe| zukadeva ke pUchane para janaka ne jo uttara diyA, vaha bhAratIya itihAsa kI eka anupama ghaTanA hai / janaka bole-mere pAsa ananta vaibhava hai kintu maiM akiMcana hU~, mere pAsa kucha bhI nahIM / yadi sArI mithilA jalatI hai to merA kucha bhI nahIM jltaa| janaka kA yaha uttara bAhya tyAga aura Antarika tyAga ke antara ko sarvathA spaSTa kara detA hai| hamane eka Upara tIsarA vikalpa bhI diyA aura vaha vikalpa vizeSa rUpa se vicAraNIya hai ki hama saMsAra ke sukhabhogoM ko isa lie chor3a deM ki hameM bhaviSya meM kucha sukha prApta hogA aura vartamAna meM hamArA jIvana nirAzAmaya banA rahe kintu hameM yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sajAtIya padArtha ko AkRSTa karatA hai| sukha sukha ko aura dukha dukha ko utpanna karatA hai| jisakA vartamAna andhakAramaya hai, dukhamaya hai, vaha ujjvala bhaviSya kI kAmanA kare, yaha eka bahuta bar3I vaMcanA hogii| dharma hameM bhUta aura bhaviSya kI kalpanAoM se chur3AtA hai, bhUta kI aura bhaviSya kI kalpanAoM ko baToratA nhiiN| yadi vastutaH svabhAva dharma hai to trikAlavartI hai aura use vartamAna meM bhI honA caahie| usake lie kisI bhaviSya kI pratIkSA nahIM kI jA sktii| sAre dharmazAstra paraloka ke sukha kI icchA kA ihaloka ke sukha kI icchA ke samAna hI niSedha karate haiN| kintu dharmazAstroM meM paraloka ke sukhoM kA bhI itanA AkarSaka varNana hai ki

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( 45 ) kisI kA mana sahaja hI moha liyA jAtA hai / kintu jahA~ dharma kA pAlana svarga ke pralobhana aura naraka ke bhaya se hotA hai vahA~ vastusvabhAva ke sAkSAtkAra kA prazna nahIM raha jAtA kyoMki bhaya yA pralobhana se dharma kA AcaraNa eka Aropita tattva hai, eka bAhara se Ane vAlA tattva hai, vastu ke antara meM se prasphuTita hone vAlA dharma nahIM / kintu dharma ke nAma para bahuta sAre bhaya aura pralobhana gar3ha liye gaye aura jo dharma abhaya ko sabase pahalI zarta mAnatA thA, vahI dharma bhaya kA sabase bar3A prazrayadAtA bana gayA / hamane Upara janaka kI kathA kahI aura Aropita dharma kA khaNDana bhI kiyA / kintu yaha bAhya AcaraNa kA niSedha svayaM eka dUsare pAkhaNDa kI jar3a bana gayA / vyakti apane mana kI nirbalatA ke kAraNa apane bAhya AcaraNa ko nirmala nahIM rakha sakatA aura usake pIche kAraNa yaha jor3a detA hai ki bAhya nirmalatA se yA bAhya AcaraNa se kyA hotA hai mana nirmala honA cAhie, 'mana caMgA to kaThautI meM gaMgA' / para hama jAnate haiM ki yaha bhI eka prakAra kI zrAtmapravaMcanA hai| jahA~ yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi mana meM nirmalatA nahIM hai to bAhya kI nirmalatA DhoMga hai vahA~ yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki yadi hamArA mana nirmala hai to hamArA bAhya zrAcaraNa svataH nirmala hogA kyoMki hamAre manobhAva hI hamAre AcaraNa meM prakaTa hote haiM / yaha to sambhava hai ki hamAre manobhAva kaluSita hoM aura hamArA bAhya prAcaraNa nirmala dikhAI par3e kyoMki hara vyakti apane Apa ko bAhara se pavitra hI dikhAnA cAhatA hai / kintu yaha kaise sambhava hai ki hamAre manobhAva to nirmala hoM para hamArA bAhya AcaraNa tadanukUla pavitra na ho kyoMki koI bhI manuSya mana ke nirmala hone para bAhya AcaraNa ko kaluSita dikhA kara kyA prApta karanA caahegaa| aisI sthiti meM to yahI mAnanA hogA ki yA to vaha mana ke nirmala hone kA DhoMga raca rahA hai| aura yA use mana ke nirmala hone kA svayaM ko hI bhrama ho gayA hai / ise jJAna aura karma kA samanvaya kahA jA sakatA hai| binA jJAna ke karma kA koI artha nahIM hotA, para binA karma ke jJAna bhI nirarthaka hai| jJAna aura cAritrya ko sAtha-sAtha calanA caahie| para dharma kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki kucha paramparAe~ jJAna ke nAma para caritra kI upekSA karatI rahIM, aura kucha paramparAe~ bAhya AcaraNa ko itanA adhika mahatva detI rahIM ki jJAna dRSTi kA sarvathA abhAva ho gayA aura bAhya zrAcaraNa kevala yAMtrika kriyA bana kara raha gaI / jaba-jaba isa prakAra kisI paramparA yA sampradAya meM pravRtti

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( 46 ) AI taba-taba samajhadAra logoM ne isakI tarapha samAja kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyaa| kintu jJAna aura karma kA virodhAbhAsa miTA nhiiN| Aja svayaM jaina dharma meM bhI donoM meM se kisI eka pakSa ko lekara vivAda karane vAle guTa aura vyakti mila jaaeNge| kintu isa viSaya ko kevala zAbdika vivAda kA viSaya banAyA jA sakatA hai| mana meM hama saba yaha jAna sakate haiM ki saccAI kyA hai| jJAna aura karma kA yA jJAna aura caritra kA yaha samanvaya eka sahaja aura svAbhAvika prakriyA honI cAhie jisa prakAra mUla se phUla jur3A rahatA hai| mUla ko alaga kATakara aura phUla ko alaga tor3akara phira una donoM ko jor3a kara eka jIvita paudhA nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| yaha gaNita kA prazna nahIM hai jisameM samanvaya kA artha yaha ho ki do aura do ko jor3a kara cAra banAnA hai| yaha jIvana kA prazna hai aura yahA~ koI bhI samanvaya eka sahaja svAbhAvika anivAryatA honI caahie| jahA~ bhI kRtrimatA hogI, vahA~ dharma dUra haTa jaaegaa| * jJAna aura cAritrya ke sAtha hI sAtha jaina darzana ne eka dUsarA guNa bhI anivArya mAnA aura vaha hai hamArA dRSTikoNa, hamArA lakSyavindu / jJAna aura cAritrya hameM gati dete haiM para dizA nahIM dete| aura hama jAnate haiM ki dizA gati se kisI bhI dazA meM kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| vastutaH yAtrA kA prArambha dizA-nizcaya se hotA hai, gati se nahIM hotaa| aura binA dizA nizcita kiye jo hamArI gati hotI hai, use hama yAtrA nahIM kaha skte| hamArI vAstavika yAtrA tabhI prArambha hotI hai jaba hameM dizA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| dizA kA jJAna hone ke pazcAt hamArI gati kA vega utanA mahatvapUrNa nahIM rhtaa| eka aisA vyakti jisane madyapAna chor3anA prArambha kiyA hai aura kala taka eka pAva zarAba pItA thA, Aja tIna chaTAMka zarAba pI rahA hai usa vyakti kI apekSA jo zarAba kI mAtrA bar3hA rahA hai aura jo kala taka AdhA pAva zarAba pItA thA, Aja DhAI chaTAMka zarAba pItA hai acchA hai| hamArI gati kA vega, hamArI sAdhanA kA parimANa, yaha saba tabhI mahatva rakhate haiM, jaba hamArI dizA ThIka hai / isa prakAra darzana, jJAna aura cAritrya ke tIna ratna banakara, hamArI svatantratA kA, hamArI mukti kA mArga banate haiM / yaha koI pAribhASika zabdoM meM samajhAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu eka sahaja buddhigamya viSaya hai ki ina tInoM meM se yadi kisI eka bhI tattva kA abhAva hai to 'mArga adhUrA hai' itanA kahanA paryApta nahIM hogA, balki saccAI yaha hogI ki vaha mArga hI nahIM hai| 1. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga:-tattvArthasUtra 1.1.

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kaSAyaH RNAtmaka zaktiyA~ hamane Upara kahA ki hamArI dRSTi vidhiparaka honI cAhie niSedhaparaka nhiiN| para jaina zAstroM kA adhyayana isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki usameM dRSTi bahuta kucha niSedhaparaka hI hai / isa viSaya ko acchI prakAra samajha lene kI AvazyakatA hai| jaina zAstra meM jinakA niSedha hai, ve svayaM niSedhAtmaka pravRttiyAM haiM, vastusthiti yaha hai ki jIvana meM hameM saba kucha prApta hai, para kucha aisI niSedhAtmaka RNAtmaka zaktiyAM haiM, jo hamAre upalabdha padArtha ko hamase dUra rakhatI haiN| yadi sAdhaka kI dRSTi sabase pahale una niSedhAtmaka zaktiyoM ke niSedha para jAya, to yaha svAbhAvika hI hai| hamArA vyaktitva, hamArI sabase bar3I sampadA hai| kintu vahI vyaktitva jaba ahaMkAra ke saMkIrNa vRtta meM kaida ho jAtA hai, to mAna banakara eka niSedhAtmaka zakti kA kArya karatA hai| vaha hamAre vyaktitva ko hamAre vAstavika rUpa meM dUsaroM para to abhivyakta hone hI nahIM detA, svayaM hamAre sammukha hI hamArA vAstavika svarUpa nahIM Ane detA aura hama usa sampadA se vaMcita raha jAte haiN| hamArI dUsarI zakti hai, hamArA prema / kintu hamArA vahI prema jaba viparIta dizA meM calatA hai to krodha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai aura vaha krodha hameM usa prema kI ananta anupama sampadA se vaMcita kara detA hai| AtmasurakSA kA bhAva prakRti ne hameM sahaja rUpa meM diyA hai| vaha hamArI jIvana sattA ke liye anivArya hai| kintu vahI vikRta rUpa meM lobha kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai aura jaba hama satya ko tor3amaror3a kara usake upAsaka nahIM raha jAte, balki use apanA dAsa banA lete haiM, to ise hama mAyA kahate haiN| yaha mAna, krodha, lobha aura mAyA cAra niSedhAtmaka zaktiyA~ haiM / ina cAra ko kaSAya kahA gayA hai kyoMki ye hamAre svAbhAvika rUpa ko raMga detI haiM, raMjita kara detI haiN| ina cAra kA niSedha niSedhAtmaka dRSTi kA paricAyaka nahIM, pratyuta vidhyAtmaka iSTi kA hI pUraka hai| hama apanI prema kI aura vyaktitva kI sampadA ko prApta kara sake, satya ko upalabdha kara sakeM aura eka abhaya sthiti ko prApta kara sakeM, isake liye mAna, krodha, mAyA aura lobha kA niSedha anivArya hai|

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kaSAyaniSedha : paJcavrata kA amUrta rUpa ina cAra kA niSedha jaba kucha adhika mUrta rUpa meM AyA to paJcavrata bana ge| kintu vastusthiti yaha hai ki jIvana svayaM eka amUrta sattA hai| usakI samasyAeM bhI amUrta haiM aura una samasyAoM ke samAdhAna bhI amUrta haiN| kintu hama jIvana se itanA dUra haiM ki hameM amUrta zabdAvalI samajha meM nahIM aatii| hama amUrta viSayoM ko bhI mUrta rUpa meM lAkara hI sIkhane aura samajhane ke abhyasta ho gaye haiN| krodha kaSAya para vijaya ko hamane adhika mUrta rUpa dene ke lie ahiMsA nAma diyaa| jIvana kI sabase bar3I zatru hiMsA hai kyoMki jIvana ke anya zatru jIvana kA nAza AMzika rUpa meM hI kara sakate haiM para hiMsA use samUla rUpa se miTAnA cAhatI hai| jIvana kA poSaNa anya tattvoM se bhI hotA hai kintu prema jIvana kA sabase bar3A poSaka tattva hai| isalie ahiMsA ko sarvaprathama sthAna milaa| mAyA ke niSedha ko mRSAvAda viramaNa vrata ke antargata sthAna milA aura mAyA aura lobha donoM kA eka samanvita niSedha asteya-vrata ke antargata huA / aparigraha ke antargata lobha aura mAna donoM kA niSedha huA / prema jo jIvana kA sabase bar3A poSaka tattva hai, usakA hI eka anya vikRta rUpa thA, jisakA niSedha karane ke lie brahmacarya nAmaka eka paMcama mahAvrata kI AvazyakatA huI / isa prakAra cAra kaSAya vijaya, caturyAma dharma ke mAdhyama se paMcamahAvrata ke rUpa meM vikasita ho gaI / ' ina paMcamahAvratoM ne jahA~ hameM yaha samajhane kI suvidhA dI ki jIvana kI cAra pradhAna niSedhAtmaka zaktiyoM kA yadi hama niSedha kareM to vyavahAra meM usakA kyA rUpa hogA, vahA~ dUsarI ora kaSAya vijaya, jo eka Antarika guNa thA, usake sthAna para eka dRSTi se bAhya AcaraNa ko pramukhatA de dii| yadyapi ina vratoM ke Antarika pakSa ko nizcaya nAma dekara siddhAnta meM prAcAryoM ne usa hI pakSa ko mahattA dI, para mAnava svabhAva ne jo bAhara kI nakala karane meM adhika kuzala hotA hai, bAhya 1. tulanIya-sthAnAGgasUtra, 4.1.266.

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( 46 ) AcaraNa ko arthAt vyavahAra pakSa ko adhika mahattA de dI / yaha rUpa dhIredhIre isa avasthA taka pahu~cA ki ahiMsA kevala rasoI dharma raha gayA / AhAra ke sambandha meM kucha viveka mAtra kara lenA hI ahiMsA ke pAlana ke liye paryApta samajhA jAne lagA / krodha kaSAya kA ahiMsA vAstava meM niSedha thI kintu krodha kA niSedha gauNa bana gayA / aparigraha bhI bAhya vastuoM kI sImA bAMdhane taka sImita raha gayA, yadyapi AcAryoM ne aparigraha kA artha sadA mUrcchA kA tyAga' mAnA hai; bAhya padArthoM kA tyAga usakA eka sahaja phala hai / isa prakAra mAna aura lobha kI jina niSedhAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA niSedha aparigraha kA mUla bhAva thA, vaha bhAva dhuMdhalA ho gayA aura bAhya tyAga pradhAna ho gayA / satya aura asteya -- gRhastha ke jIvana meM to kevala mandira taka sImita raha gaye / jIvana meM nirbala kA zoSaNa aura dUsare ke adhikAra ke apaharaNa meM asteya kA ullaMghana na mAnA gayA aura saba prakAra ke jhUTha vacanoM ko vyAvahArikatA ke nAma para anumati mila gaI / brahmacarya jo eka apAra sRjanAtmaka zakti kA srota honA cAhie thA, kevala eka sImita artha meM prayukta hone lagA aura isa prakAra antara kI niSedhAtmaka pravRttiyoM kA niSedha joki vastutaH eka bhAvAtmaka yA vidhyAtmaka guNa thA, bAhya AcaraNa meM pariNata hokara kevala eka niSedha dharma mAtra raha gayA aura taba hamane usa niSedha dharma kA hI guNagAna karanA zurU kiyA aura ajIba-ajIba tarka usake samarthana meM dene zurU kara diye / pahale kheta meM se jo kUr3A kacarA uga gayA hai, use kATo to sahI, sApha to karo phira hI to vahA~ kucha ugAgroge ityAdi ityAdi / kintu vastusthiti yaha hai ki yaha niSedhAtmaka dharma hamAre jIvana kI mahatvAkAMkSAoM ko pUrNa karane meM sarvathA asaphala rhaa| aura dina pratidina isake prati vimukhatA bar3hane lagI / hamane isa bar3hatI huI vimukhatA ke mUla kAraNa ko to nahIM khojA kintu ise kAla kA doSa mAnakara apanA pIchA chur3A liyA / hamane kahA ki jIvana meM hama mUrta ke itane upAsaka haiM ki amUrta ko bhI samajhane ke lie mUrtarUpa hI de dete haiM aura sAtha hI hamane yaha bhI kahA ki jIvana vastutaH amUrta hai / isakA kyA artha hai ? jIvana ko hama amUrta kyoM 1. mucchA parigaho vRtto- dazavekAlika, 6.20. 2. tulanIya - prAntaraparigraha tathA bAhyaparigraha - puruSArthasiddhyupAya, 116.

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mAnate haiM ? vastutaH jIvana mUrta aura amUrta kA sammizraNa hai| kintu hama yaha jAnate haiM ki jIvana kA mUla amUrta meM hai aura usakI zAkhAe~ mUrta meM haiN| kintu yaha mUrta zAkhAe~ itanI vistRta haiM ki unameM jIvana kA amUrta mUla dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| mUla to vastutaH pratyeka padArtha kA hI ajJAta rahA karatA hai| aura usa amUrta mala tattva kI khoja hI eka taraha se saba darzanoM kA parama lakSya hai|

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jIva-ajIva : eka anAdi sambandha jaina darzana ne jIvana ko ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA-amUrta aura mUrta / kyoMki jIvana amUrta hai isalie usa maulika amUrta tattva ko jIva nAma diyA gayA aura mUrta tattva kI jIvana se bhinnatA dikhalAne ke liye use ajIva nAma diyA gayA aura isa prakAra yaha do tattva jIva aura ajIva maulika mAna liye gaye / bhArata meM aisI dArzanika paramparAoM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai jo jIvana meM kevala eka tattva amUrta ko hI satya mAnatI haiM aura mUrta tattva ko amUrta tattva se hI nikalane vAlA eka amaulika padArtha mAnatI haiN| isa prakAra ve eka hI mUla tattva kI kalpanA karatI haiM aura vaha tattva hai caitanya / jar3a kA vikAsa caitanya se hI hotA hai| dUsarI ora ThIka isake viparIta jar3a se hI caitanya kA vikAsa mAnane vAlI cArvAka paramparA bhI hai| jaina darzana ina donoM paramparAoM ke bIca meM hai| vaha ina donoM ko satya mAnatA hai| yaha viSaya malataH tattvajJAna kA hai ki jIvana kA kauna sA maulika tattva satya hai| kintu jaisA hama Upara kaha cuke haiM tattva jJAna kA prAcAramImAMsA se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| samantabhadra ne kahA hai ki tattva jJAna ke binA puNya pApa aura bandha mokSa saba kI vyavasthA samApta ho jaaegii| udAharaNataH yadi hama bauddhoM kI yaha dRSTi mAna leM ki pratyeka padArtha kSaNa kSaNa meM mUlataH hI parivartita ho jAtA hai to dharma kI samasyAyeM to dUra, sAMsArika samasyAyeM jaiseki Arthika lena-dena, pati-patnI sambandha, aura 'yaha vahI hai', aisI smRti bhI asambhava ho jaaegii| 1. catubhyaH khalu bhUtebhyazcaitanyamupajAyate -sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 7. 2. naikAntavAde sukhadu:khabhogo na puNyapApe na ca bandhamokSau -syAdvAdamaJjarI, bambaI, 1935, zloka 35. 3. pratikSaNaM bhaGgiSu tatpRthaktvAnna mAtRghAtI svapatiH svajAyA / dattagraho nAdhigatasmRtirna tattvArthasatyaM na kulaM na jAtiH / / -yuktyanuzAsana, sahAranapura, 1951, zloka 5.

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( 52 ) hamane Upara do paramparAoM kA ullekha kiyaa| eka advaita vedAnta kI paramparA aura dUsarI cArvAka darzana kI paramparA / cArvAka darzana kI paramparA meM to hama dekhate haiM ki AcAra kA koI mahattva hI nahIM hai / vahA~ to caitanya guNayukta zarIra hI AtmA hai| yadi cArvAkoM se yaha prazna kiyA jAya, ki jar3a se caitanya kaise utpanna ho sakatA hai, to isakA uttara ve yaha kahakara dete haiM ki jisa prakAra kucha jar3a paramANuoM ko eka vizeSa anupAta se milA dene para madirA meM mAdakatA kA guNa utpanna ho jAtA hai usI prakAra pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu ke saMyoga se AtmA meM caitanya guNa utpanna ho jAtA hai / dUsarI ora advaitavAdI vedAnta kI paramparA hai| jisake anusAra satya kevala AtmA hai jo nitya kUTastha hai aura samasta parivartanazIla dRzyamAna jagat asatya hai| yaha kevala hamAre mana kI kalpanA hai ki hama jagat meM nAma aura rUpa kA Aropa kara lete haiN| anyathA satya to kevala saccidAnanda brahma hI hai| isa ekatva darzana se hI zoka aura moha dUra ho sakate haiN| prArambha meM hamane bhI kahA thA ki jIvana meM sAmaMjasya ke liye, samanvaya ke liye aikya kA honA Avazyaka hai / jabataka do haiM saMgharSa calatA rahegA aura jaba taka saMgharSa hai, sukha kintu hamane isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI kahA thA ki yaha aikya bhAvAtmaka honA cAhie, dravyAtmaka aikya kA Agraha karanA na vastusthiti kI dRSTi se ThIka hogA aura na upayogitA kI dRSTi se / vastusthiti kI dRSTi se to yadi hama dravyAtmaka aikya ko mAneM to hameM apane sAre anubhava asatya mAnane hoNge| yadi hama apane sAre anubhavoM ko asatya mAnate haiM to phira isakA hI kyA AdhAra raha jAegA ki vividhatA ke samasta anubhavoM ko asatya mAnakara jo hamane dravyAtmaka aikya kI anubhUti kI, vahI satya hai / upayogitA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha mAnanA par3egA ki advaita ke AdhAra para kisI Thosa AcAramImAMsA kI 1. taccaitanyaviziSTa deha evAtmA sarvadarzanasaMgraha, pR0 3. 2. kiNvAdibhyo madazaktivaccatanyamupajAyate _-vahI, pR02. 3. tatra ko mohaH kaH zoka: ekatvamanupazyataH -IzopaniSad , 5.

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nIMva nahIM rakhI jAtI / vastutaH samasta advaitazAstroM meM bhI yaha ghoSaNA pada-pada para kI gaI hai ki hama bhAvAdvaita kA pratipAdana karate haiM, kriyAdvaita kA nhiiN| arthAt kriyA ke kSetra meM yA prAcAra ke kSetra meM advaita pUrA nahIM utrtaa| svayaM vedAnta ko isIlie pAramArthika sattA ke sAtha-sAtha vyAvahArika sattA bhI svIkAra karanI pdd'ii| isa sambandha meM vedAnta ko hI kendra mAnakara likhane vAle DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana ke ye zabda vizeSa rUpa se udbodhaka haiM, "caitanya AtmA ko paMcabhUtoM kA kArya samajhanA pAcAramImAMsA kI dRSTi se utanA hI niSprayojana hai jitanA ki yaha mAnanA ki yaha vividha rUpa jagat eka hI caitanya tattva kA vividha rUpa hai|"1 jaina darzana ne isa sthiti ko samajhA aura bhAvAtmaka aikya para jo saba prANiyoM kI samAnatA kA mUlAdhAra hai, bala diyaa| kintu dravyAtmaka aikya jo prANiyoM kI samAnatA kA nahIM, pratyuta ekatA kA AdhAra banatA hai, usakA khaNDana kiyA aura isa prakAra jaina darzana ne jIvana kI saritA ko mUrta aura amarta, jIva aura ajIva do kinAroM ke bIca bahane vAlI dhArA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jisameM do kinAroM ko jor3ane vAlI kar3I hamAre saMskAra haiM aura kyoMki yaha saMskAra yA yaha karma marta aura amarta ko jor3ate haiM, isalie inameM mUrta aura amUrta donoM guNa haiM, yaha bhAva rUpa bhI haiM aura dravya rUpa bhI haiM, inakA dravya rUpa mUrta ko pakar3e hue hai aura inakA bhAva rUpa amUrta ko pakar3e hue hai aura isa prakAra jar3a aura caitanya kI eka sandhi hai jo isa saMsAra kA mUla kAraNa hai aura jisa sandhi ko tor3a denA hI caitanya kI jar3a ke prabhAva se mukti hai| hamane Upara krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha jaisI niSedhAtmaka zaktiyoM kA ullekha kiyA aura yaha bhI ullekha kiyA ki kisa prakAra dizA bhrama hameM samasta prayatnoM meM viphala banA detA hai| hamane hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, bahirmukhI vRtti aura parigraha jaisI apanI pravRttiyoM kA ullekha kiyA, jo hamArI jar3a, caitanya se kATa kara jar3a meM jor3a detI haiM aura yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki inake mUla meM pramAda hai, asAvadhAnI hai, hamArI kucha mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyAyeM haiN| isa prakAra kaSAya, mithyA darzana, avirati, pramAda, yoga aura bandha, caitanya ko jar3a se jakar3e hue haiM, jinakA niyantraNa karanA hai, aura ina pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa jo saMskAra hamameM pahale se vidyamAna haiM, unakA unmUlana karanA hai aura isa prakAra caitanya ko vaibhAvika guNoM se mukta karake 1. Radhakrishnan, S. Indian Philosophy, Vol. I, pR0 312.

Page #55
( 54 ) apane svAbhAvika guNoM meM, apane ananta jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya meM sthApita karanA hai taba isa AtmA kI saccI svatantratA hai, taba vyaktitva kA pUrNa vikAsa hai aura taba hI vyakti apane meM se sahaja sphUrta hone vAle sukha ko anubhava karatA hai| taba hama jIvana ke una chipe hue gUr3ha tattvoM ko, avyakta aura sUkSma tattvoM ko jAna lete haiM jo hamArI apanI nidhi hai aura taba hama svatantra ho jAte haiM aura hamArI pUrNa zakti abhivyakta ho jAtI hai /

Page #56
mukti : svatantratA svatantratA kA vicAra Aja ke jIvana meM bahuta priya hai / spaSTa hai ki svatantratA kA artha hai maiM apanI icchA ke anusAra kisI kArya ko cAhU~ to karU~ aura cAhU~ to na kruuN| vastutaH yahI karma hai, yahI kriyA hai, zeSa saba mAtra pratikarma haiM, mAtra pratikriyAe~ haiN| Aja maiM apane jIvana meM jinheM karma kahatA hU~, unakI aora dRSTi DAlUM aura dekhU to yaha lagegA ki maiM paristhitiyoM ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI hU~ / eka paristhiti utpanna hotI hai aura usakI pratikriyA meM maiM eka karma kara detA haiM; dUsarI paristhiti utpanna hotI hai, usakI pratikriyA meM maiM dUsarA karma kara detA hU~ / merA koI karma aisA nahIM hai jo kisI na kisI paristhiti ke pratikAra meM na kiyA gayA ho, jo svayaM mujha meM se udbhUta huaA ho / cAroM ora samAja meM phailI haI dhana kI mahattA mujhe dhanopArjana ke liye pAgala kara detI hai| para usa dhanopArjana ke lie kie jAne vAlI samasta kriyAoM ke liye kyA kriyA zabda yA karma zabda kA prayoga karanA ucita hogA yA pratikarma aura pratikriyA zabda kA prayoga ThIka hogA ? bhUkha, pyAsa, jaisI mUlabhUta pravRttiyoM ke pratikAra ke liye kiye jAne vAle AhAra, nidrA, bhaya, maithuna se lekara vidyAdhyayana, zAstra svAdhyAya jaise tathAkathita U~ce karmoM taka kyA koI karma aisA hai jo karma paristhiti se svatantra hokara mujhameM se prasphuTita huaA ho aura yadi ye saba karma paristhiti ke prabhAva se utpanna hote haiM to ina karmoM kA maiM kartA kaise huA, mujhe yaha svatantratA kahA~ hai ki maiM una karmoM ko paristhiti se nirapekSa hokara svatantratApUrvaka kara sakU~? yaha merI lAcArI hai, yaha merI parAdhInatA hai aura jisa dina maiM isa bAhya vAtAvaraNa se-isa vAtAvaraNa meM samasta jar3a aura cetana tattva sammilita haiM--mukta ho jAU~gA usa dina merI satya svatantratA hogI, usa dina mere jIvana kI kRtakRtyatA hogI aura yadi yaha nahIM hotA to eka paristhiti kI pratikriyA meM eka karma karatA hA maiM eka dUsarI paristhiti kI ora balAt dhakela diyA jAtA hU~ aura usa paristhiti kI pratikriyA meM eka tIsarA karma karatA huA eka tIsarI paristhiti kI

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16 syAdvAda : samvAda yaha karma kA siddhAnta kAryakAraNavAda ke siddhAnta para AdhArita hai / samasta vijJAna aura darzana bhI yahA~ taka ki samasta mAnava-cintana kAryakAraNa sambandha kI mUla bhitti para TikA huA hai aura yahI kAryakAraNa-sambandha AcAra ke kSetra meM karma siddhAnta bana jAtA hai / jahA~ yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jaisA bologe vaisA kAToge, jaisA karoge, vaisA bharoge, vahA~ hameM yaha bhI kahanA hI hogA ki hama Aja jo kucha kATa rahe haiM, hamane avazya use kabhI boyA bhI thA aura hama grAja jo kucha bo rahe haiM, hameM avazya eka dina use kATanA bhI hogaa| yaha hamArA apanA nijI mAmalA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki vartamAna meM isa karmacakra ne mujhe bandhana meM bAMdhA huA hai para isa karma siddhAnta kI samajha hI mujhe isa bandhana se mukta bhI karA sakatI hai / 1 kintu bhAratIya vicArakoM meM sabhI vicAraka isa mata ke nahIM the ki vyakti svatantra hai / kucha vyakti ko paristhiti kA dAsa mAnate the aura kucha eka aisI pratimAnavIya sattA kI kalpanA karate the jo vyakti ke sukha dukha kA nirNaya karatI hai aura kucha svayaM vyakti ko apane sukha dukha ke lie uttaradAyI mAnate the / zvetAzvataropaniSad meM ina tInoM vAdoM kA -- paristhitivAda, AtmavAda aura IzvaravAda kA vistRta vivecana hai / kintu jaina dharma kI yaha dRr3ha mAnyatA hai ki ina tInoM paristhitivAda, AtmavAda aura IzvaravAda ke samanvaya se hI hama satya taka pahuMca sakate haiN| paristhitivAda ke antargata bhI aneka zAkhAe~ haiM jinameM kucha kAla ko, kucha svabhAva ko, kucha niyati ko, kucha yacchA ko aura kucha bhUta ko sukha dukha kA kAraNa mAnatI haiN| zrAtmavAdiyoM meM AtmA ko hI sukha dukha kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai aura IzvaravAdiyoM meM jo atizayabhaktivAdI haiM, ve to sukha dukha ko Izvara kI icchAdhIna hI mAnate haiN| para kucha loga Izvara bhakti ko bhI mahattva dete haiM aura karma ko bhii| isa prakAra aneka vicAradhArAoM ke mAnane vAle saMsAra meM haiM / yaha matavibhAjana bahuta prAcIna kAla se calA AtA hai| jaina dharma meM 363 matoM kA ullekha hai| kintu yahA~ 363 kI saMkhyA upalakSaNa mAtra hI samajhanI caahie| abhiprAya yaha hai ki hara vyakti kA pRthak-pRthak dRSTikoNa hotA hai / hara vyakti ke dRSTikoNa

Page #58
( 58 ) satya ko khoja isa samanvaya ke ke mUla meM kucha na kucha satya bhI avazya rahatA hai| kintu isa nikAlane ke lie eka niSpakSa dRSTi caahie| jaina darzana meM pakSa para itanA adhika bala diyA gayA ki gommaTasAra ne yaha spaSTa kaha diyA ki jainetara dRSTiyA~ isaliye mithyA haiM ki ve kevala apane-apane dRSTikoNa ko hI sarvathA satya mAnatI haiM aura dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa meM koI saccAI nahIM mAnatI / kintu ye hI dRSTikoNa yadi anya dRSTikoNoM ke satya para bhI dhyAna deM to satya bana jAte haiM / yaha sarvathA aura kathaJcit kA bheda hai / sarvathA kahane vAlA abhimAnI to hai hI, ajJAnI bhI hai / kathaJcit kahane vAlA vinamra to hai hI, apanA dimAga bhI naye-naye satya ke lie khulA rakhatA hai| isa vinamratA kA artha saMzayavAda nahIM hai aura yaha dRSTikoNa koI samajhaute ke nirbala AdhAroM para bhI nahIM khar3A hai pratyuta isakA sudRr3ha AdhAra hai vastusvabhAva jo ananta-guNarUpa hai / vastu ke pUrNa svarUpa ko jAnane kI sAmarthyaM to kevala sarvajJa meM hI hai aura kaha sakane kI sAmarthya to zAyada inameM bhI nahIM hai / kintu jitanA vastu kA svarUpa hameM jJAta hai, jaba hama usI ko vastu kA pUrNa rUpa mAnane lagate haiM, to vastu ke dUsare kaI aneka mahattvapUrNa pakSa upekSita raha jAte haiN| isameM hamAre mAnane yA nahIM mAnane kA prazna nahIM hai / vastu kA svarUpa nisargataH jaTila hai aura use jAnane kA yahI eka DhaMga hai ki jJAta svarUpa ko jAnA huA mAna liyA jAe aura ajJAta svarUpa ke sambandha meM jijJAsA rakhI jaae| vAdavivAda ke lie koI vastu svarUpa kA sarvathA apalApa karate hue nirgala bAteM kahane lage, yaha eka dUsarI bAta hai / yaha vitaMDA aura jalpa hai| kintu tarka ke antargata hara vyakti jaba vastu svarUpa ke sambandha meM koI vaktavya detA hai, to usake pIche eka satya, eka dRSTi avazya hotI hai / paristhitivAda bhI sarvathA jhUTha nahIM hai aura IzvaravAda bhI sarvathA kAlpanika nahIM hai / kevala grAtmavAda aura karmavAda ke AdhAra para vyakti apane Apako bhale hI pUrNa svatantra mAnakara cale, para vyavahAra meM use sthAna-sthAna para paristhitiyA~ Thokara mAreMgI aura use yaha lagegA ki use paristhitiyoM kI mahattA bhI svIkAra karanI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki ina saba dRSTikoNoM meM vyakti apanI anubhUti ke anusAra heyopAdeya buddhi rakhegA, kisI ko vizeSa mahattva degA, kisI ko gauNa kara degA, para sarvathA apalApa kisI kA bhI karanA kaThina hai| 1. parasamayANaM vayaNaM micchaM khalu hoi savvahA vayaNA / jeNANAM puNa vayaNaM sammaM khu kahaMci vayaNAdo / / -- gommaTasAra, lakhanaU, 1637, karmakANDa, 865.

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17 kAlavAda : kAlajayI paristhitivAda ke antargata pA~ca vikalpa haiM-kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yacchA aura bhUta / ye pA~coM hI vyakti kA svarUpa nahIM haiM, bAhya paristhitiyA~ haiM, para vyakti ke apane svarUpa ko prabhAvita avazya karatI haiM isalie prazika rUpa meM ina sabakI hI mahattA ko svIkAra karanA hogA / 12 itihAsa ke prArambha se hI kAla ko atyanta mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai / jagat ke samasta parivartana meM antataH kAla bhI eka mahatvapUrNa tathya hai / pratharvaveda ne kahA, "vahI triloka ko dhAraNa karatA hai, vahI samasta bhuvanoM ko ghere hue haiM, usase bar3hakara dUsarA teja nahIM hai / ' yaha kAla kI mahattA hai jise gommaTasAra ne nimna zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA, "kAla sabakA sRjana karatA hai, kAla saba kA nAza kara detA hai, supta logoM meM kAla hI jAgRta hai, pravacana nahIM kara sakatA / " 3 spaSTa hai ki samaya hI vyakti asamartha banA detA hai / bar3e-bar3e rAjya aura unake adhipati jinake teja kA koI pArAvAra nahIM thA, kAla ke agAdha gartta meM aise vilIna hue ki unakA nAma bhI zeSa nahIM rahA / samaya hamAre bar3e se bar3e ghAvoM ko bhara detA hai, hamAre bahuta se kArya aura cintana samaya ke sAtha calate haiM / yaha bahuta kucha dekhane meM AtA hai ki koI vizeSa samaya kisI vizeSa kArya ke lie uttaradAyI hotA hai aura upayukta yA anupayukta hotA hai| hama jAnate haiM ki kucha kArya prAtaHkAla hI prItikara lagate haiM aura kucha sAyaMkAla meN| kucha kArya bAlyakAla meM hI Ananda de pAte haiM kucha yuvAvasthA meM aura kucha vRddhAvasthA meM hI rocaka lagate haiN| yaha 1. 2. kAlaH svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyAH -zvetAzvataropaniSad, 1.12. sa eva saM bhuvanAnyAbharat sa eva saM bhuvanAni paryet tasmAd vai nAnyat paramasti tejaH - atharvaveda, auMdha, 16.53.4. 3. gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, 876. kAla kA koI ko samartha aura

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saba samaya kA prabhAva hai| kintu kAla eka jar3a sattA hai, vaha hameM kaThaputalI kI taraha nahIM nacA sktii| hama apane puruSArtha se kAlajayI ho sakate haiM, kAlAtIta ho sakate haiN| samaya ke izAre para nAcane kI bajAya, samaya ko apane izAre para nacA sakate haiN| yuga ke kAla dharma para to sabhI sAmAnya manuSya calate haiM para yuganirmAtA ve hote haiM jo yuga ke kAla-dharma ko apane puruSArtha se gati dete haiM, dizA dete haiN| yadi sabhI loga samaya ke pravAha meM bahane vAle hote to mAnava jAti kA koI utthAna, koI vikAsa sambhava hI nahIM thA aura eka samaya meM kyoMki kAla eka samAna hI hotA hai, ataH saba vyaktiyoM kI avasthA bhI eka samAna hI honI cAhie thI, vyAvahArika jIvana meM hama dekhate haiM ki vyakti yaha kahakara ki samaya Ane para svayaM ho jAegA, apane uttaradAyitva ko TAla dete haiM aura apanI AtmA ke vIrya ko abhivyakta nahIM hone dete / jaina darzana aise logoM ko sAvadhAna karatA hai ki hama samaya ke dAsa nahIM haiM, samaya hamArA dAsa hai| para aise loga jo samaya asamaya kA vicAra kiye binA, evaM samaya ke prabhAva tathA usakI gati ko samajhe binA kevala puruSArtha ke bharose rahate haiM, unakA puruSArtha koI vizeSa prabhAva nahIM dikhlaataa| hara yuganirmAtA mahApuruSa jahA~ apane kAla dharma se Upara uThA hai, vahA~ usane apane kAla dharma ko pahacAnA bhI khUba hai| Aja hama dekhate haiM ki dharma ke kSetra meM loga kAla kI gati ko na samajhane ke kAraNa aura dharma ke satyoM ko zAzvata sanAtana mAnane ke kAraNa bahuta sI aisI paramparAoM ko Dhote cale jA rahe haiM jo kAla dharma ke anukUla nahIM pdd'tiiN| dharma ke siddhAnta zAzvata haiM, para saMsAra meM nitya kUTastha kucha bhI nahIM hai aura una dharma ke siddhAntoM ko jaba taka kAladharma kI kasauTI para kasa kara nahIM parakhA jAegA, taba taka sanAtana dharma kI dohAI dene se dharma hamAre jIvana meM koI upayogI kArya nahIM kara skegaa| jaina dharma kA yaha mUla-bhUta siddhAnta, ki nityatA aura parivartana sAtha-sAtha calate haiM, isa bAta ke lie eka cetAvanI hai ki dharma ko usakI AtmA nitya rahane para bhI apanA bAhya svarUpa kAladharma, yugadharma ke anusAra badalanA hogaa| yadi koI dharma kAla-dharma kI avahelanA karegA to nizcaya hI vaha kucha dinoM meM kevala zAstroM meM likhA jAne vAlA eka siddhAnta mAtra bana kara raha jaayegaa| jIvana meM usakA upayoga aura vyavahAra samApta ho jAegA / svayaM jaina dharma kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki isa dharma meM samaya-samaya para parivartana hue; Agama yuga meM prAcArya jisa bhASA aura zailI meM upadeza dete the, usameM kevala

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parahita, dUsare ke kalyANa kI kAmanA aura nija mantavya kA pratipAdana hI abhISTa rahatA thA, usakI bhASA bhI bolacAla kI bhASA hotI thii| samaya ke prabhAva se jaba takapradhAna yuga AyA taba jainAcAryoM ne umAsvAti, siddhasena, divAkara, samaMtabhadra, bhaTTa akalaMka jaise udbhaTa prakharamati tArkika bhI utpanna kiye jinhoMne paramatakhaMDana pUrNa UhApoha-pUrvaka kiyA aura jisa samaya saMskRta bhASA ne vidvadvarga meM apanA prabhutva sthApita kara liyA, taba jaina AcArya bhI apane granthoM meM alaMkRta aura praur3ha saMskRta bhASA likhane meM kisI se pIche nahIM rhe| unhoMne usa samaya yadi yaha haTha kiyA hotA ki hama to paramparAgata Agamika zailI meM hI likheMge aura janasAdhAraNa kI bhASA meM hI pracAra kareMge to saMbhavataH jaina sAhitya Aja itanA samRddha bhI na hotaa| hama yahA~ isa tathya para isalie vizeSa bala denA cAhate haiM ki jisa gati se samaya Aja ke vaijJAnika saMsAra meM badala rahA hai, usa gati se mAnava jAti ke itihAsa meM zAyada pahale kabhI nahIM badalA thA aura pichale do sau varSoM meM mAnava jAti ke DhA~ce meM jo parivartana huA hai, vaha pichale do lAkha varSoM meM kula milAkara jo parivartana huA, usase kahIM adhika hai| vijJAna kI gati ko dekhate hue koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM ki pichale do sau varSoM meM jo parivartana huA hai, koI aisA adbhuta aura Azcaryajanaka kalpanAtIta AviSkAra vijJAna ke jagat meM kala ho jAya, ki usase kahIM bahuta bar3A parivartana mAnava jAti meM A jaaye| isa samaya kI tIvra gati se dharma ke loga citita haiM aura unakI yaha cintA svAbhAvika bhI hai| kintu jaina darzana meM ruci rakhane vAle vyaktiyoM ko dharma kI mUlabhUta bhAvanA ko dhyAna meM rakhanA hogaa| sat meM utpAda aura vyaya eka anivArya zarta hai yadyapi vaha utpAda aura vyaya sat kI dhruvAtmakatA ko samApta nahIM kara detaa| dravya kI sattA binA paryAya ke aura paryAya kI sattA binA dravya ke asambhava hai, phira parivartana se bhaya kaisA ? paryAya parivartanazIla hai, dravya sthira hai| dharma kA mUla rUpa sanAtana hai, kintu bAhya rUpa parivartanazIla hai aura isa parivartana kI bAr3ha meM yadi dharma ke bAhya rUpa meM kucha parivartana AtA hai to hama usa se Darate kyoM haiM / udAharaNa ke liye eka viSaya-jAtivAda aura jAtivAda se hI sambaddha achUtoddhAra kA viSaya-hama leN| jaina dharma prArambha se janmata: jAti kA virodhI rahA hai| usane jAti ke AdhAra para vyakti aura vyakti meM bheda

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( 62 ) kA sadA DaTa kara sAmanA kiyA hai| para vaha jAtivAda kA unmUlana nahIM kara sakA / pratyuta samaya ke prabhAva se svayaM usakA zikAra ho gayA / Aja samaya kI gati viparIta dizA meM hai. saMvidhAna ne jAtivAda ko, aspRzyatA ko gairakAnUnI karAra de diyA hai aura yaha jaina dharma ke liye svAgata kA viSaya honA cAhie kyoMki jAtivAda kA virodha usakI mUla dharma bhAvanA se sarvathA mela khAtA hai / kintu jAtivAda ke hI prabala samarthaka brAhmaNoM meM aura hindU dharmAvalambiyoM meM to jAtivAda ke viruddha AvAja uThAne vAle bar3e-bar3e yugapuruSa hue, kintu apavAda ko chor3a deM, to jainadharmAvalambiyoM ne isa viSaya meM na kevala udAsInatA baratI, pratyuta sAmAnyataH apanI rUr3hivAditA kA hI paricaya diyA / mandiroM ke harijana praveza ityAdi viSayoM para samAja kA netRtva karanA to dUra rahA, samAja kA sahayoga bhI nahIM diyA / ve samaya kI nabja ko nahIM pakar3a sake aura pariNAma yaha huA ki eka bahuta bar3e kArya ko jise ve bahuta acchI prakAra kara sakate the, unhoMne nahIM kiyA aura isa viSaya meM netRtva ajainoM ke hAtha meM rahA / bhalA kArya kisI ke bhI mAdhyama se ho, yahA~ vivecanA kA viSaya yaha nahIM hai ki vaha kArya ajainoM ke mAdhyama se kyoM huA / vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki vaha kArya jainoM ke mAdhyama se kyoM nahIM huA / / dUsarI ora hama dekhate haiM ki samaya ke prabhAva kA bahAnA lekara dharma ke svarUpa meM aise-aise vikAra A rahe haiM jo dharma kI mUla bhAvanAoM se mela nahIM khAte / yahA~ una vikAroM kI nAmataH carcA karanA azobhanIya hogA kintu dharma meM Aye hue una vikAroM se hama saba paricita haiM, Apasa meM gupacupa usakI carcA bhI karate haiM, para use samaya kA prabhAva kahakara TAla jAte haiM aura vahA~ hameM vaha puruSArthaM kA sandeza jo mahAvIra ne diyA, aura jo hameM korA samaya kI hAtha kI kaThaputalI hone se bacAtA hai, hamAre kisI kAma nahIM AtA / yaha kAlavAda kA duSprayoga hai, yaha kAlavAda kI mithyAdRSTi hai / para isake viparIta samaya ke prabhAva se Ane vAle duSpravRttipUrNa kAryoM meM caTTAna ke samAna sudRr3ha bhAva se khar3A hone vAlA aura samaya kI gati ko pahacAnate hue dharma ke maulika siddhAMtoM kA dhyAna rakhate hue tadanukUla dharma ke bAhya rUpa meM sudhAra ko lAne vAlA samyak kAlavAdI hogA, usakI kAla-dRSTi samyak hai / 1. ekkA maNussajAI - AcArAGganiryukti, 16. draSTavya uttarAdhyayana, 12.37 tathA prAdipurANa, 38.45.

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svabhAvavAda : prakRtivAdI eka dUsarA guTa svabhAvavAdiyoM kA hai jinakA kahanA hai ki sabhI kA kAraNa una padArthoM kA sahaja svabhAva hai aura pratyeka vyakti apane svabhAvAnukUla hI kArya karatA hai| eka prakAra se dekheM to yaha mata bahuta sImA taka satya hai kintu dUsarI ora isa mata ke anusaraNa se zaithilya A jAne kI bhI pUrI saMbhAvanA hai| svabhAva kA ThIka-ThIka artha bhI jAnanA bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki jaisA hamane prArambha meM vistArapUrvaka pratipAdana kiyA hai isakI bahuta adhika sambhAvanA rahatI hai ki hama vibhAva ko hI svabhAva mAna baitthe| yadi svabhAva kA artha yaha vikRta svabhAva liyA jAya, taba to yaha pariNAma hogA ki eka cora corI ko, zarAbI zarAba pIne ko apanA svabhAva btlaayegaa| svabhAvavAdiyoM kI ora se jo tarka gommaTasAra meM diyA gayA hai, vaha yaha hai ki yadi pratyeka padArtha kA kAraNa svabhAva nahIM hai to kaMTakoM ko tIkSNa kauna banAtA hai aura hiraNoM meM aura pakSiyoM meM raMga kI vividhatA kauna paidA kara detA hai ? yaha udAharaNa bahuta vicitra hai kyoMki yahAM jo do udAharaNa diye gaye haiM, ve manuSya jIvana ke nahIM haiM, unameM se eka pakSI jIvana se liyA gayA hai aura dUsarA vanaspati jIvana se| ina udAharaNoM se aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki zAyada ye svabhAvavAdI Aja ke pazcima meM cala rahe prakRtivAdiyoM se milate julate hoMge / ye prakRtivAdI Aja manuSya jIvana ke patana kA kAraNa yaha mAnate haiM ki hama prakRti se dUra haTa gaye haiN| ve samAja ke samasta bandhanoM ko tor3anA cAhate haiN| unameM se kucha itane ativAdI haiM ki ve manuSya ke vastra pahanane taka ke virodhI haiM aura nagna rahane kA pratipAdana karate haiN| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki manuSya ne jo kucha bhI pragati, sabhyatA yA saMskRti ke kSetra meM kI hai, vaha usakA vikAsa nahIM hai, hrAsa hI hai| - ina prakRtivAdiyoM kI jIvanacaryA para dhyAna deM to yaha spaSTa ho jAegA, 1. ko karai kaMTayANaM tikkhattaM miyavihaMgamAdINaM / vivihattaM tu sahAmo iti saMvvapi ya sahAmotti / / -gommaTasAra, karmakANDa, 883.

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ki ye jo kucha kahanA cAhate haiM usameM eka satya bhI hai| kintu sAtha hI eka ati bhI hai, eka aisI ati jo unake jIvana ko aura siddhAntoM ko upahAsAspada banA detI hai| prakRti ke nikaTa rahane kI bAta ThIka hai| para prakRti kisakI ? zarIra kI yA AtmA kI ? yadi hameM zarIra kI prakRti ko pramukha rakhanA hai taba to aisA lagegA ki prakRtivAda manuSya ko phira usI pAzavika sthiti meM le jAnA cAhatA hai, jisase lAkhoM varSoM ke prayatna ke anantara manuSya Age bar3hA hai / hamAre zarIra kI prakRti to vahI hai jo pazu ke zarIra kI prakRti hai aura hama yadi use hI apane jIvana kA mArga nirdezaka mAna leM to hamAre jIvana meM aura pazu ke jIvana meM kyA antara raha jAegA? kintu prANI kevala zarIra se nahIM banA; usameM jIvana bhI hai, usameM eka caitanya jyoti bhI hai, aura yadi svabhAvavAda hamArA dhyAna usa caitanya jyoti kI ora aura usake svabhAva kI ora AkRSTa karanA cAhe to usakA svAgata hai| kintu yadi vaha yaha cAhatA hai ki manuSya apanI samasta sAMskRtika upalabdhiyoM ko chor3akara Adima yuga meM A jAe to yaha usakI bhUla hogI kyoMki itihAsa apane ko kabhI doharAyA nahIM krtaa| ve ghaTanAe~ jo atIta ho cukI haiM, unakI punarAvRtti nahIM kI jA sktii| prakRtivAda hameM samAja ke bandhanoM se, pApa aura puNya ke pacar3e se chur3AnA cAhatA hai aura vaha kArya to dharma bhI karatA hai| kintu dharma kA lakSya pApa aura puNya ke pacar3e se chur3Akara manuSya ko eka pApa-puNyAtIta sthiti meM pahu~cAnA hai, na ki prakRtivAda kI taraha use anaitika bnaanaa| svabhAva kA atikramaNa to hama nahIM kara skte| yaha ThIka hI hai ki hamAre samasta prayatna svabhAva kI sImA ke antargata hI saphala ho sakate haiN| kintu isakA yaha artha to nahIM ki hameM puruSArtha chor3a denA hai| puruSArtha bhI to manuSya ke svabhAva kA hI eka aMga hai| jo puruSa ko chor3akara svabhAvavAda kA pratipAdana karatA hai, vaha isa tathya ko bhUla jAtA hai| yadi svabhAva se yahA~ artha hamAre saMskAra aura AdatoM kA hai to bhI yaha mAnanA hogA ki una saMskAra yA AdatoM ko hama apanI dRr3ha icchA-zakti se badala sakate haiN| isa prakAra kevala apane saMskAroM ke hAtha kI kaThaputalI hone se bace raha sakate haiN| taba bhI eka manovaijJAnika ke liye kisI vyakti ke saMskAroM kA yA AdatoM kA adhyayana karanA Avazyaka hai| ye hamAre saMskAra hI haiM jo hameM hamArA vyaktitva pradAna karate haiN| jIvana kI samasyAoM ko yadi sulajhAnA hai to usake lie hameM apane saMskAroM kA adhyayana avazya karanA hogaa|

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( 65 ) svabhAvavAda kA eka dUsarA bhI pakSa hai aura vaha pakSa hai prakRti kI zakti meM vizvAsa / agni uSNa hai, jala zItala hai, inheM uSNa yA zItala kisI ne banAyA nahIM, yaha inakI prakRti hai| jaina dharma isa sambandha meM svabhAvavAdiyoM kA sAtha detA hai| vaha bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki saMsAra ke samasta padArtha apane sahaja guNoM sahita kriyA-pratikriyA dvArA vizva kA saMcAlana svayaM karate haiM / usakA koI sraSTA nahIM hai| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM ki maiM apanA nirmANa apane Apa nahIM kara sakatA aura mere saMskAra hI merA nirmANa karate haiN| saMskAra mere dvArA nirmita haiM aura nirmita padArtha nirmAtA se bar3A nahIM hotaa| ve saMskAra merI zakti se itane adhika prabala nahIM ho sakate ki mujhe paMgu banA deN| isI prakAra hameM prakRtivAda aura sAMskRtika vikAsa ke bIca bhI viveka karanA hogaa| manuSya jAti ne jo sAMskRtika vikAsa manuSya ke sukha ke liye kiyA hai, vaha upAdeya hai, use apanAnA caahie| para jo vikAsa pratispardhA meM galata dizA meM ho gayA, vaha to vastutaH vikAsa nahIM hai, hrAsa hI hai| kauna samajhadAra AdamI isa bAta kA svAgata na karegA yadi Aja samasta saMsAra ke rASTra apane una samasta vidhvaMsaka astra-zastra ko naSTa kara deM aura Age unakA nirmANa banda kara deM, jina astra-zastroM kA hamane pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM nirmANa kiyA hai| hor3A-hor3I meM jinake nirmANa meM jitanA dhana lagAyA jA rahA hai, utanA dhana yadi manuSya jAti ke racanAtmaka kAryoM meM lagAyA jAya, to manuSya jAti kI samasyAoM kA adhikAMza bhAga turanta hala ho sakatA hai| para jahA~ hamane astra-zastroM kA nirmANa kiyA, vahA~ hamane bahuta sI upayogI kalAe~ bhI vikasita kI haiM aura una kalAoM kA vaijJAnika paddhati se vastuparaka niSpakSa vivecana honA cAhie ki unakA kitanA aMza hamAre lie upayogI hai aura kitanA anupayogI hai aura upayogI aMza kA grahaNa aura anupayogI aMza kA tyAga karanA caahie| yaha svabhAvavAda kI samyak -dRSTi hogI aura hama samasta mAnava jAti ke vikAsa ko chor3akara yadi Adima yuga ke manuSya ko punarjIvita karanA cAheM to yaha svabhAvavAda kI mithyA-dRSTi hogii|

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16 niyativAda : bhAgyajayI kAlavAda aura svabhAvavAda ke atirikta eka tIsarA vAda hai niyativAda jisa para hameM thor3A vistAra se vicAra karanA hogA kyoMki bhAratIya darzanoM meM sAmAnyataH aura vartamAna jaina jagat meM vizeSataH yaha carcA kA viSaya banA huyA hai / isakI carcA para bahuta se loga Aja bhI cauMka jAte haiM aura caukanne ho jAte haiM yadyapi aisI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| anekAnta kI dRSTi itanI spaSTa hai ki usameM bhaya kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| vaha vastuparaka dRSTi hai, vyaktiparaka dRSTi nahIM hai| usameM hameM jo jaisA hai, usako vaisA dekhanA aura jAnanA hai, apanI ruci ke anusAra use tor3anA, maror3anA nahIM hai| aisA nahIM hai ki yaha carcA kevala jaina darzana meM hI cala rahI ho, pratyuta Adhunika nItizAstra meM bhI niyativAda aura icchA-svAtantrya kI carcA pUre joroM se calatI hai| __ hameM apanI dRSTi ko spaSTa rakhanA hai ki vastu kA svarUpa hamAre pakSapAta se nahIM bdlegaa| hameM apanI dRSTi ko vastusvarUpa ke anusAra badalanA hogaa| jaina zAstra spaSTa zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki ekAnta niyativAda bhI galata hai aura ekAnta aniyativAda bhii|' kintu isako samajhane ke lie isa viSaya kI gaharAI meM jAnA hogaa| hama sarvathA navIna vyakti nahIM haiM, hamArA bhUtakAla bhI hai| aura yadi hama apane bhUtakAla ko vyartha mAna leM to phira hamArA vartamAna bhI vyartha ho jAegA kyoMki Aja jo vartamAna hai, kala vahI bhUtakAla bhI bananA hai aura jo Aja bhUtakAla lagatA hai kala vahI vartamAna bhI thaa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki yaha kAla kA bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna meM kiyA jAne vAlA vibhAjana hama logoM kA hai jo ki kevala vartamAna ko hI dekha sakate haiM para jinakI painI dRSTi kAla kA atikramaNa kara gaI hai jinheM bhUta aura bhaviSya bhI vartamAnavat hastAmalakavat hai| spaSTa hai unake lie kAla kA vyavadhAna koI artha nahIM rkhtaa| hamArI dRSTi se hama kevala vartamAna meM jo haiM, so haiM / 1. sUtrakRtAGga, 1.1.2.4.

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( 67 ) kintu yaha vartamAna hamArI sattA kA pUrNAza nahIM hai pratyuta madhya hai| Adi aura anta hamArI dRSTi se ajJAta hai, ojhala hai| yadi hama apane Apako bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna meM eka jur3I huI kar3I ke rUpa meM dekheM to hameM lagegA ki hamArA vartamAna bhUtakAla kI dena hai aura hamArA bhaviSya vartamAna kI dena hai| yaha to saMsAra meM pratyakSa dekhane meM AtA hai aura sabhI anubhava isa satya ke sAkSI haiM ki koI bhI kArya apanA phala turanta nahIM detaa| Aja jo bIja hama bote haiM, usakA phala sambhava hai hama isa janma meM khA sakeM yA na khA skeN| aisI sthiti meM yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki Aja jo bahuta se phala hama bhoga rahe haiM unakA bIja hamane apane isa jJAta jIvana meM na boyA ho| yaha viSaya bahuta vivAda kA hai aura punarjanma kI sthiti hai yA nahIM, isa para aba vizvavidyAlayoM meM vidhivat vaijJAnika paddhati se bhI khoja hone lagI hai / hama itanA avazya jAnate haiM ki hama apane antarjagat ko pUrNataH nahIM jAnate / svapna kI avasthA meM arddhacetana mana aise-aise vicitra padArtha aura kalpanAe~ hamAre sAmane le AtA hai jinakI jAgRta avasthA meM hamane kabhI kalpanA nahIM kI thii| hama apane andara jhAMkakara dekheM to yaha lagegA ki hamAre mana meM uThane vAle vikalpoM kA koI ora-chora nahIM hai, koI Adi-anta nahIM hai aura yaha antarjagat meM uThane vAle vikalpa yaha to mAnanA hI hogA ki kama se kama hamAre putra, strI aura dhana yA zarIra kI apekSA bhI hamAre vyaktitva kA adhika nikaTa bhAga haiN| ina vikalpoM ke agAdha samudra meM gotA lagAne para bhI hameM apanI sattA kI anAditA aura anantatA kA kucha na kucha AbhAsa to hotA hI hai| aisI sthiti meM kyA hama apane Apako apane isa vartamAna jIvana kI sImita maryAdAoM meM bA~dha kara hI pUrA dekha sakate haiM ? yadi nahIM to phira hameM apane vartamAna ko mUlabhUta meM khojanA hogA kintu kyA vaha merA bhUtakAla mujhase bhinna hai ? bhUtakAla meM jo kucha karake maiMne apanI svatantratA ko jitanA sImita kara liyA, kyA vaha merA pAratantrya hai? koI vyakti apane hAthoM apane pA~va meM ber3iyA~ DAlakara aura phira apane vyaktitva se pRthak khar3A hokara yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki mere pA~va ba~dhe hue haiM, maiM paratantra huuN| yaha ThIka hai ki 1. avyaktAdIni bhUtAni vyaktamadhyAni bhArata avyaktanidhanAnyeva tatra kA paridevanA / -gItA 2.28.

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( 68 ) bhUtakAla ke karmoM ne hamArI vartamAna zakti kI sImAe~ bA~dha dI haiM aura hamAre vartamAna ke karma bhI hamAre bhaviSya ke vyaktitva kI sImA bA~dhate haiM / kintu yaha paratantratA nahIM hai| adhika se adhika hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki hameM yaha bhI svatantratA hai ki hama cAheM to paratantra ho jaaeN| yaha ThIka hai ki paratantra honA koI nahIM caahtaa| kintu cAhanA na cAhanA jJAna ke sAtha jur3A huA hai / ajJAna meM na cAhate hue bhI hama bahuta se aise kArya karate haiM jinheM yadi hama jAnate to na karanA caahte| kabhI-kabhI jAnakara bhI aura na cAhate hue bhI hama aise kArya kara baiThate haiM jinheM hama vastutaH nahIM karanA caahte| eka jagaha jJAna zakti kA abhAva hai, dUsarI jagaha icchA zakti kA, para pariNAma donoM jagaha eka hI nikalate haiM / phala hameM usa kArya kA milatA hai jo hama vastutaH karate haiM na ki usa kArya kA jisakI hama ajJAnavaza usa kArya se AzA karate haiM / svatantratA bhI prApta hai ki maiM jaba cAhU~ / abhiprAya yaha hai ki mujhe yaha apanI zaktiyoM ko sImita kara lUM vastutaH yadi mere bhUtakAla kI rekhAe~ bhUtakAla ke sAtha hI samApta ho jAe~ aura vartamAna kI rekhAe~ vartamAna ke sAtha hI samApta ho jAe~ to mere karma eka prakAra se niSphala kahe jAe~ge / hamane Upara kahA ki yaha jIvana kI eka kaThora sacAI hai ki bIja bone ke samaya meM aura vRkSa Ane ke samaya meM yaha avazya vyavadhAna rahatA hai / aisI sthiti meM yadi hamArA bhUtakAla vartamAna taka Ate-Ate apanI chApa nahIM chor3atA to yaha mAnanA hogA ki hamArA bhUtakAla vyartha gayA kyoMki usane bhUtakAla meM to apanA koI prabhAva dikhalAyA nahIM aura vartamAna taka AteAte vaha samApta ho gyaa| to phira usakA prabhAva kaise prakaTa ho ? vastutaH hamameM se pratyeka apane bhUtakAla se ba~dhA huA hai / hamArA vartamAna hamAre bhUtakAla meM se paidA huA hai| yaha bahuta kucha satya hai / para isa satya ko isa sImA taka le jAne vAle logoM kI bhI kamI nahIM, jo yaha kahane ke liye taiyAra haiM ki kyoMki hamArA vartamAna bhUtakAla dvArA sImita hai, isaliye hamArA vartamAna sarvathA vyartha hI hai / hamArA vartamAna yadi sarvathA vyartha hai to kyA vaha bhUtakAla jisane hamAre vartamAna ko vyartha banA diyA, kabhI vartamAna nahIM thA ? kyA jisa prakAra hamArA yaha vartamAna vyartha hai, usa hI prakAra hamArA vaha vartamAna bhI vyartha nahIM honA cAhie ? yaha eka aisA tArkika ubhayataHpAza hai ki hama binA puruSArtha ke niyati aura binA niyati ke puruSArtha

Page #69
ko tarkasaMgata paddhati se siddha hI nahIM kara sakate kyoMki puruSArtha kyA hai aura niyati kyA hai ? hamArA bhUtakAla kA puruSArtha hamArI niyati hai| aura hamAre vartamAna kA puruSArtha hamArA puruSArtha hai / para yaha bheda tAttvika nahIM hai| kyoMki hamArA bhUtakAla kA puruSArtha hI kisI samaya to hamAre vartamAna kA puruSArtha thA / aura isa prakAra yadi dekheM to eka hI kriyA bhUtakAla kI apekSA se niyati aura vartamAna kI apekSA se puruSArtha hai| ina donoM meM se jo eka bhI niSedha karatA hai, vaha donoM kA niSedha karatA hai| kintu bhAratavarSa meM prAcIna kAla meM aura Adhunika kAla me tathA pazcima meM bhI aise dArzanika hote rahe haiM jinhoMne niyati ko sarvathA sazakta mAnA hai aura puruSArtha ko sarvathA ashkt| isa prakAra unhoMne eka prakAra se vadatovyAghAta kiyA hai pazcimI vidvAnoM meM yadi hama spAInoz2A ko leM to barTaNDa rasala ke zabdoM meM unakA mata sarvathA niyativAdI hai, "yaha kevala ajJAna kA pariNAma hai ki hama aisA socate haiM ki hama apane bhaviSya ko badala sakate haiM / jo honA hai, vaha avazya hogA aura hamArA bhaviSya hamAre bhUta dvArA itanA nizcita hai ki hama usameM parivartana nahIM kara sakate / isIlie AzA aura bhaya donoM vyartha haiM / ye donoM isa dRSTi para AdhArita hai ki hamArA bhaviSya anizcita hai ata: donoM ajJAna se prAdurbhata hote haiM / "1 eka pazcima ke dUsare vidvAn priMgala paiTIsana niyativAda ke khataroM ko dikhalAte hue kahate haiM ki koI vyakti "sacamuca apane Apako kramazaH uttaradAyitva se yaha dikhalAne kA prayatna karate hue ki kisI bhI vyakti ke lie, jisakA bhUtakAla aisA rahA ho, jaisA usakA hai, anyathA kArya karane kA mArga nahIM thA, apane Apako uttaradAyitva se mukta karane kA prayatna kara sakatA hai"|2 kyoMki niyativAda kA aisA svacchandAcAraparaka artha ho sakatA hai aura itihAsa meM sacamuca isa prakAra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai, isalie niyativAda ke kaTTara virodhiyoM kI bhI saMkhyA kama nahIM hai| unameM eka baTalara haiM, jinhoMne niyativAda ko atyanta nindanIya zabdoM meM gahita kiyA hai / 3 1. Bertrand Russel, History of Western Philosophy, London, 1948, pR0 567. 2. Pattison, Pringle, The Philosophical Radicals, Edn., 1907, pa0101 / 3. Gladstone W.E., Studies subsidiary to Butler's Works, Ox ford, 1896, pR0286.

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( 70 ) dUsarI ora kucha kANTa jaise vidvAn haiM jinhoMne hamAre sAmane isa samasyA ko niSpakSa bhAva se rakhA / unakA kahanA hai ki eka aise bauddhika prANI ke rUpa meM jo apane mArga ko svayaM prazasta karatA hai manuSya yaha cAhatA hai ki use karma kI svatantratA ho, kintu sAtha hI sAtha use yaha bhI lagatA hai ki vaha apane bhUtakAla se bandhA huA hai aura vaha yaha nahIM samajha pAtA ki ina do paraspara virodhI tathyoM meM kaise samanvaya sthApita kare / ' DA0 grIna ne isa sambandha meM usa tathya kI ora hamArA dhyAna dilAyA hai jisakA saMketa hamane Upara bhI kiyaa| ve kahate haiM, "yadi maiM Aja vaha bana sakatA hU~ jisake liye mujhe isakI apekSA na karanI par3e ki maiM kala kyA thA, yA jo kucha maiM Aja haiM, usakI apekSA kiye binA, yadi kala maiM kucha bana sakU~ to AtmasudhAra ke lie jitane prayatna aura prAyazcitta kie jAte haiM, aura jinakA phala bhI hameM milatA hai, aura prayatna dvArA eka Adata banAkara jo hama saphalatA prApta karate haiM, aura eka ujjvala bhaviSya kI AzA jo hameM saprANa banAtI hai, ye saba samAna rUpa se asambhava ho jaaeNge|"2 bhAva yaha hai ki hama vartamAna meM jo kucha karate haiM, vaha eka ujjvala bhaviSya kI AzA ko lekara karate haiM aura yadi hameM yaha vizvAsa na dilAyA jAya, ki hama apane vartamAna karma dvArA bhaviSya ko sudhAra sakate haiM to hama vartamAna meM zithila ho jAeMge, hamameM koI kArya karane kA utsAha na rahegA / kintu isake viparIta yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki bhUtakAla ne hameM itanA jakar3a diyA hai ki hama vartamAna meM apanI icchA-zakti ke svAtantrya kA koI prayoga kara hI nahIM sakate, to isakA yaha artha hogA ki bhUtakAla kA bhUta hI hamAre vartamAna ko nigala jaaegaa| isalie DablU0 jemsa nAmaka vidvAn kA kahanA hai ki yadi bhUtakAla ke bhaya se, bhUtakAla meM jo kucha hamane kiyA hai usake bhAra se hameM mukti pAnI hai, to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki hama apane vartamAna dvArA bhUtakAla ke prabhAvoM ko parivartita bhI kara sakate haiM, nissattva bhI kara sakate haiM / hamane Upara kucha pazcimI vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA, yaha ucita hogA ki bhAratavarSa meM isa sambandha meM kaisI-kaisI vicAradhArA rahI haiM, isa para bhI vicAra 1. Hastings James, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. ___VI, pR0 124. 2. Green, T.H., Prolegomena to Ethics, Oxford, 1899, pR0 126. 3. James, W., Pragmatism, New York, 1948, pR0 121.

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( 71 ) kreN| mahAvIra aura buddha ke samaya meM eka makkhalI gosAla yA maskarina gosAla nAma ke dArzanika hue jo sarvathA niyativAdI the| unakA kahanA thA ki kucha anivArya janma lene ke anantara prANI dukhoM se svataH chUTa jAtA hai| pApa aura puNya kA koI phala nahIM hai| pApa aura puNya kA bandha aura mokSa se koI sambandha nahIM hai| kintu isa sambandha meM maskarina gosAla ke eka vicitra mata para dhyAna denA caahie| maskarina gosAla niyativAdI to the para nItivAda ke virodhI nahIM the| unakA yaha kahanA thA ki yadyapi puNya karma hameM mokSa ke nikaTa lAte to nahIM kintu jaba hama mokSa ke nikaTa Ane ko hote haiM to hamase svataH puNya karma hone laga jAte haiN| bhAva yaha hai ki puNya karma hamAre mokSa ke kAraNa nahIM haiM, saMketa haiM / ve hamAre mokSa ko lAte nahIM, batalAte haiN| ve eka prakAra se sar3aka para lage hue mIla ke patthara haiN| ve hameM sar3aka para khIMca kara Age nahIM bar3hAte kintu itanA avazya batalAte haiM ki hama kitanA Age bar3ha Ae haiN|2 makkhalI gosAla ne eka adbhuta prakAra se niyativAda kA samarthana bhI kiyA, aura dharma kA khaNDana bhI nahIM kiyA / itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki makkhalI gosAla svayaM apane jIvana meM pUrNa sadAcArI the| kintu mahAvIra ke eka dUsare samakAlika dArzanika purANakAzyapa yA pUraNakAzyapa hue / unakA kahanA hai ki jo vyakti hiMsA karatA hai, corI karatA hai, ghara meM seMdha lagAtA hai, DAkA DAlatA hai, yA lUTatA hai, yA dina dahAr3e lUTa-khasoTa karatA hai, yA vyabhicAra karatA hai, yA asatya bolatA hai, use koI pApa nahIM hotA / udAratA meM, AtmaniyantraNa meM, indriyajaya meM aura satyavAditA meM na koI puNya hai, na puNya kI koI vRddhi hai| isa prakAra ke dArzanika mahAvIra aura buddha ke liye eka samasyA the| ye donoM dArzanika bhI apane Apako sarvajJa aura tIrthakara mAnate the / gosAla ke anuyAyI saddAlaputra kA mahAvIra ke sAtha eka saMvAda bhI huA jisakA ullekha upAsaka dazAMgasUtra meM hai / svayaM gosAla chaH varSa taka mahAvIra ke anuyAyI rhe| eka devatA mahAvIra ke eka anuyAyI kuNDakaulika ke pAsa Ae aura gosAla ke niyativAda kI prazaMsA karane lge| kuNDakaulika ne unase pUchA- "tumheM yaha devapada puruSArtha se prApta huA hai yA binA puruSArtha ke / yadi puruSArtha se prApta 1. dIghanikAya, bhAga 1, bambaI, 1942. 1.2.20. 2. Zimmer, H., Philosophies of India, pR0 267-268. 3. dIgha nikAya, 1.2.

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( 72 ) huA hai, to phira tuma puruSArtha kI nindA kyoM karate ho? kyoMki puruSArtha se to tumheM devapada prApta huA hai / aura yadi yaha pada tumheM binA puruSArtha hI prApta ho gayA to yaha tumheM hI kyoM prApta huA, kisI dUsare ko kyoM nahIM ho gayA ?" hamane Upara kahA ki gosAla ke anuyAyI saddAlaputra ke sAtha bhI mahAvIra kI carcA huI thii| mahAvIra ne saddAlaputra se pUchA, "he saddAlaputra, yaha jo ghar3e tuma banA rahe ho, ye puruSArtha aura parAkrama se banate haiM yA binA hAtha paira hilAye, binA puruSArtha aura parizrama ke / " saddAlaputra ne kahA-"hAtha paira hilAnA jaisI koI cIja hI nahIM hai, na parizrama hI hotA hai / saba padArtha niyata haiM / " mahAvIra ne kahA, "he saddAlaputra, yadi koI vyakti tumhAre ghar3oM ko jo kacce yA pakke haiM, curA le, cUra-cUra kara de, tor3a DAle, chinna-bhinna kara de, bikhera de, yA tumhArI patnI agnimitrA ke sAtha ananta bhogoM ko bhogatA huA prasannatA kA jIvana bitAye, to usa puruSa ko tuma kyA daNDa doge|" saddAlaputra bolA-"he bhadanta, maiM usa puruSa ko yA to kotUMgA yA mAra dUMgA yA bA~dhUMgA yA matha DAlUMgA yA DAMTuMgA yA mArUMgA yA pIsa DAlUMgA yA usakI nindA karUMgA yA akAla meM hI usake prANa haraNa kara luuNgaa|" mahAvIra ne kahA-"yadi koI puruSa tumhAre ghar3oM ko titara-bitara kara detA hai, yA agnimitrA ke sAtha vihAra karatA hai to tuma usa puruSa ko kosoge, yahA~ taka ki mAra bhI doge, to tuma jo kahate ho, hAtha paira hilAnA koI cIja nahIM hai, saba padArtha niyata haiM, yaha mithyA hai|" bauddhoM ke grantha dIgha nikAya meM gosAla kA mata ina zabdoM meM diyA haiAtmapuruSArtha kucha nahIM hotA, paropakAra kucha nahIM hotA, puruSArtha kucha nahIM hotA, bala kucha nahIM hotA, zakti kucha nahIM hai, vyakti kA hAtha paira hilAnA aura parAkrama kucha nahIM hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM gosAla kA yaha mata diyA hai ki 84 lAkha kalpoM meM ghUmatA huaA jIva svayaM hI mokSa prApta kara letA hai / hamane Upara isa prakAra kI sammati ke viruddha mahAvIra kI pratikriyA dI, mahAtmA buddha kI bhI aisI hI pratikriyA thii| gosAla kA khaNDana karate hue mahAtmA buddha kahate haiM-vyakti meM vIrya hai, aura janma maraNa ke cakkara se chur3A dene vAle saphala utsAha kI usameM pUrNa sambhAvanA hai, bazarta hai ki vaha isa lakSya ke liye pUre dila se saMgharSa kre|' sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAda ke sambandha meM yaha kahA 1. Zimmer H., Philosophies of India, pR0 226 /

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( 73 ) gayA hai ki ye loga yaha mAnate haiM ki sukha aura dukha svayaM vyakti ke paidA kiye hue nahIM haiM phira kAla ityAdi ke to paidA kiye hue ho hI kaise sakate haiN| sukha aura dukha mokSa aura laukika sukha-dukha svayaM vyakti ke utpanna kiye hue nahIM haiM, dUsaroM dvArA hI utpanna kiye jAte haiM / kintu vyakti vahI bhogatA hai, jo usake bhAgya meM badA hotA hai| isa dRSTi kA khaNDana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga kahatA hai ki jinakI yaha rAya hai, ve mUrkha haiM kintu ve apane Apako paNDita samajhate haiN| unheM samajha nahIM hai / ve yaha nahIM jAnate ki koI bhI cIja aMzataH bhAgya aura aMzataH puruSArtha para nirbhara karatI hai|' Upara jo hamane bahuta se uddharaNa diye, usase yaha spaSTa ho jAegA ki bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI niyativAda aura puruSArtha ke prazna kI pAzcAtya darzanoM se kucha kama carcA nahIM huI hai / vastusthiti yaha hai ki bhArata meM niyativAda ke samarthana kA aura bhI adhika puSTa pramANa thA--karmavAda jo ki pAzcAtya darzanoM meM nahIM thaa| bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI bauddha darzana aura jaina darzana jo karmavAda ke sabase kaTTara samarthaka the, unake sAmane niyativAda kA prazna aura bhI adhika bhayaMkara rUpa meM thaa| kintu isa prazna kA uttara bhI jitanA sundara jaina darzana de sakatA thA, utanA sundara koI dUsarA darzana nahIM de sakatA thaa| usakA kAraNa thA, jaina darzana kI anekAMtika dRSTi, jisa dRSTi ke kAraNa do paraspara virodhI lagane vAle tathyoM meM bhI samanvaya aura sAmaMjasya pUrNataH tarkasaMgata paddhati se kiyA jA sakatA thA / yahA~ para yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki bhAratavarSa meM niyativAda kA vaha rUpa kabhI nahIM rahA jisameM andha bhAgya para bharosA kiyA jAtA hai / amarakoSa meM niyati ke jahAM bahuta se paryAyavAcI zabda diye gaye haiM, vahA~ niyati kA eka paryAyavAcI zabda vidhi bhI hai| vidhi kA artha hai vidhAna, niyama / arthAt niyati koI ghuNAkSara nyAya se calane vAlI yadRcchA nahIM hai, pratyuta kAraNa-kArya siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| carakasaMhitA meM spaSTa kahA hai ki apanA hI pUrvajanma meM kiyA huaA karma bhAgya kahalAtA hai| yahAM prasaMgataH yaha bhI ullekha kara denA Avazyaka hai ki bhAgya kA paryAyavAcI diSTa zabda bhI hai aura pANini ke anusAra jo diSTa ko nahIM mAnatA, vaha nAstika hai / pANini kI isa paribhASA ke anusAra jaina dharma aura bauddha dharma bhI sarvathA Astika darzana 1. sUtrakRtAGga 1.1.2.2-3. 2. amarakoza, 1.4.28. 3. vidhividhAne daive'pi-amarakoza 3.3.100.

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( 74 ) mAnane hoMge, yadyapi sAdhAraNataH unakI gaNanA nAstika darzanoM meM kI jAtI hai / isakA AdhAra sambhavataH yaha rahA hogA ki manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki jo veda kI nindA karatA hai, vaha nAstika hai / " jaina aura bauddha donoM hI veda ko svataH pramANa nahIM mAnate / astu, hama prakRta kA anusaraNa kreN| jaina dharma meM jaisAki hamane Upara kahA, bhAgya aura puruSArtha ke samanvaya kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / jaisAki hamane pahale bhI kahA isake atirikta aura koI dUsarA isa samasyA ko sulajhAne ke liye cArA bhI nahIM hai / isIliye jaina darzana meM puruSArtha ke sAtha-sAtha niyati kI bhI carcA hai / dvAdazAnuprekSA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jisakA jisa deza meM aura jisa samaya jina bhagavAna ne janma yA maraNa jAnA hai, usakA usa deza meM aura usa prakAra se usa kAla meM janma yA maraNa rokane meM kauna indra yA svayaM jinendra bhI samartha hai ? 2 praSTasAhasrI meM kahA gayA hai ki usI prakAra kI buddhi udyoga aura sahAyaka ho jAte haiM jisa prakAra kI bhavitavyatA hotI hai / padmapurANa meM kahA hai ki jaba jise jahAM jitanA aura jisase prApta karanA hotA hai, taba vaha vahAM utanA usase hI prApta karatA hai / yaha vAkya kucha isa prakAra ke haiM jinase aisA lagatA hai ki mAno bhAgya hI saba kucha hai / kintu yaha vastu-sthiti kA kevala eka pakSa hai / 1. nAstiko vedanindakaH - manusmRti 2.11. 2. jaM jassa jammi deze jeNa vihANeNa jammi kAlammi NAdaM jiNeNa niyadaM jammaM vA zraiba maraNaM vA / taM tassa tasmi dese teNa vihANeNa tasmi kAlammi ko sakkadi vAreyuM iMdo vA graha jiNido vA // 4. - kAttikeyAnuprekSA, AgAsa, 1960, pR0 321-22. 3. tAdRzA jAyate buddhirvyavasAyazca tAdRzaH / sahAyAstAdRzAH santi yAdRzI bhavitavyatA // - vidyAnandI sUri, prAptamomAMsA, rAjanagara, vi0 sa0 1663, pR05 para uddhRta yatprAptavyaM yadA yena yatra yAvadyato'pi vA tatprApyate tadA tena tatra tAvatsato dhruvam // -- padmapurANa, kAzI, 1656, 26-83.

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20 puruSa : apanA bhAgyanirmAtA jaina dharma kA yaha vAstavika sandeza nahIM hai ki bhAgya hI saba kucha hai| usakA vAstavika sandeza yaha hai ki manuSya apane bhAgya kA svayaM nirmAtA hai aura nirmAtA hamezA apanI kRti se bar3A hotA hai ataH vaha apane bhAgya ko badala bhI sakatA hai / jaina dharma kA vAstavika sandeza vyakti kI svatantratA hai| samaya kA prabhAva, prakRti, paristhiti, pUrvakarma, janma-ye saba gauraNa haiM, vyakti pradhAna hai| jo vyakti apanI Antarika zakti para vizvAsa kho detA hai, use ye bAhya paristhitiyA~ daboca letI haiN| jisa prakAra makar3I apane paidA kiye hue jAle meM svayaM hI phaMsa jAtI hai, usI prakAra vyakti apanI hI paidA kI huI paristhitiyoM meM svayaM phaMsa jAtA hai aura jisa prakAra vaha makar3I apane phailAye hue jAla ko svayaM hI sameTa sakatI hai, usI prakAra vyakti bhI apanI phailAyI huI paristhitiyoM kA svayaM hI anta kara sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki hameM paristhiti se vyakti kI mukti kA prazna socanA hai| paristhitiyoM ke parivartana karane ke prazna para vicAra nahIM karanA hai| hameM eka vizeSa prakAra kI paristhitiyAM milI haiM aura hama yaha samajhate haiM ki yadi hamArI ye paristhitiyAM badala kara amuka prakAra kI ho jAe~ to hameM sukha ho sakatA hai| hama sadA paristhitiyoM meM parivartana kI bAta socate haiM, unase chuTakAre kI bAta nahIM socate / aura jaba hama eka vizeSa prakAra kI paristhiti ko bhAgyavaza yA apane puruSArtha se dUra karake eka nayI paristhiti paidA kara lete haiM taba hameM yaha lagatA hai ki yaha vartamAna paristhiti bhI hameM usI prakAra unmukta nahIM hone de rahI, jisa prakAra pahalI paristhitiyA~ hameM nahIM chor3a rahIM thIM / aura taba hameM yaha lagatA hai ki hamane galatI kI, hameM ye paristhitiyAM nahIM amuka paristhitiyAM utpanna karanI cAhie~ aura jaba ve abhISTa paristhitiyAM utpanna ho jAtI haiM, taba hama samajhate haiM ki hamane phira galatI kii| aura isa

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( 76 ) eka prakAra kI paristhiti se apane Apa ko chur3Akara dUsare prakAra kI paristhitiyoM se apane Apako bA~dhe cale jAte haiN| kabhI yaha nahIM socate ki kyA ina paristhitiyoM se saba prakAra kI paristhitiyoM se tathAkathita aniSTa paristhitiyoM se bhI, aura iSTa paristhitiyoM se bhI hameM eka bAra ke liye pUrNataH mukta ho jAnA hai| jaba taka hama paristhiti ke dAsa haiM, taba taka svatantratA kaisI ? kintu jisa kSaNa hama paristhiti kI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatA para dRSTi denA chor3akara paristhiti mAtra se apane Apako mukta karake AtmaniSTha honA cAheMge, usa kSaNa kauna-sI paristhiti aisI hai, kaunasA bhAgya aisA hai, jo hamAre mArga meM bAdhA banakara khar3A ho sakatA hai? hama phira unhIM zabdoM ko duharAte hue jinheM hamane pahale uddhRta kiyA thA, eka bhinna prakAra se isa rUpa meM kahanA cAheMge ki prazna yaha nahIM hai ki hamArI jaMjIreM lohe kI hoM yA sone kI, prazna yaha hai ki hameM jaMjIroM ko tor3anA hai| jaMjIroM se ba~dhA huA pazu, piMjar3e meM baMda totA piMjar3e ko apanA bandhana nahIM saMrakSaka samajha le, to use mukta kauna karAye ? unmukta gagana meM svatantra vicaraNa karane vAle totoM ko kyA Apane nahIM dekhA? thor3e dinoM piMjar3e meM baMda raha cukane ke bAda yadi piMjar3e kA daravAjA kholakara unheM piMjar3e se bAhara bhI nikAla diyA jAya, to ve apanI svecchA se dobArA piMjar3e meM hI ghusa jAte haiN| unheM piMjar3A bandhana nahIM najara AtA, apanI surakSA najara AtI hai| usameM unheM thor3e se anna ke dAne aura pAnI mila jAtA hai| unheM yaha AbhAsa hI nahIM hai ki unmukta gagana meM bAga kI eka zAkhA se dUsarI zAkhA taka phudakate hue unheM madhura phala to mileMge hI, svatantratA bhI prApta hogii| kabUtaroM ko dekhie / AkAza kA paMchI hai / unakA svAmI unako AkAza meM ur3A bhI detA hai / para apane dar3abe meM banda hone ke lie svayaM cale Ate haiN| yaha saba kyA hai ? yaha saba isakA sundara udAharaNa haiM ki kisa prakAra paristhiti jo hamArI lAcArI hotI hai, jo hamArA bandhana hotA hai, aura jo hamAre lie bhAra hai, hama use hI apanI surakSA mAna baiThate haiM, svecchA mAna baiThate haiM, usake liye tarasate haiM aura hameM isa kalpanA meM bhI bhaya lagatA hai ki yadi ina paristhitiyoM se hama unmukta ho gaye to na jAne kyA hogA? hamArA bhaviSya asurakSita ho jaaegaa| vastusthiti yaha hai ki Aja jo bhI bandhana haiM, unheM maiMne svayaM janma diyA hai| unheM kisI ne mujha para thopA nahIM, aura maiM yaha kaha rahA hU~ ki maiM to baMdhA huA hU~, maiM kara hI kyA sakatA hU~, merA bhAgya hI aisA hai| hameM koI bAMdhane vAlA nahIM hai / hamane apane Apako svayaM bAMdhA hai|

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( 77 ) yaha bhAgya kA prazna kahA~ prAtA hai? yaha prazna vahA~ nahIM prAtA jahA~ mujhe paristhitiyoM se mukta honA hai| yaha prazna to vahA~ AtA hai jahA~ maiM eka paristhiti ko badala kara dUsarI paristhiti utpanna karanA cAhatA hU~ / kintu kyA vaha dUsarI paristhiti bhI mere liye utanA hI bar3A bandhana nahIM ho jAtI ? yadi paristhitiyoM ko tor3anA hai to phira bhAgya kI pratIkSA kaisI ? unheM Aja bhI tor3anA hai, kala bhI tor3anA hai; ve anukUla hoM to bhI tor3anA hai; ve pratikUla hoM, to bhI tor3anA hai| kyoMki paristhitiyA~ antatogatvA haiM to bAhyabhUta tathya / merA apanA svarUpa to ve nahIM hai na ? apane svarUpa taka pahu~ce binA sthiratA kahA~? zA~ti kahA~ ? saMgharSa kI samApti kahA~ ? kRtakRtyatA kahA~ ? pUrNatA kahA~ ? kundakundAcArya ne kahA ki hamameM do prakAra kI cetanAyeM haiM- eka jJAnacetanA, eka karma-cetanA / jJAna-cetanA meM jJAna hai, jJAtA hai aura jJeya hai / vahA~ kartRtva nahIM hai / parantu karma-cetanA meM kartA hai, karma hai aura karmaphala hai / vahA~ hama achUte nahIM raha sakate / hameM dekhanA hai ki hama kauna sI cetanA meM haiM / yadi hamameM kartRtva bhAvanA niHzeSa ho gaI, yadi hama jJAna bhAvanA meM pariniSThita haiM, to phira niyativAda hamAre kisa kArya meM bAdhA DAlegA? kyA hamAre jJAna meM bAdhA DAlegA ? kyA hamAre sukha meM bAdhA DAlegA ? ve to hamAre svAbhAvika guNa haiM, trikAlavartI haiN| saMsAra kI koI zakti hameM unase pRthak nahIM kara sktii| hamAre bhAgya ne hamAre jJAna aura sukha ko hamArI sahaja svAbhAvika zakti ko hameM diyA bhI nahIM thA aura hamArA bhAgya unheM hamase chIna bhI nahIM sakatA / jJAna cetanA meM pariniSThita sAdhaka ke liye sAre dvAra khule hue haiN| sArA saMsAra, sArA lokAloka usake lie jJeya hai, aura una jJeyoM kI jJeyatA ko usakI niyati nahIM chIna sakatI, nahIM miTA sakatI aura svayaM jJAtA hai aura usake jJAtRtva ko usakI niyati usase nahIM chIna sakatI / usa zrAtmasvarUpa meM tallIna vyakti ke liye niyativAda ne usake jJAtRtva aura draSTRtva bhAva meM sahAyatA pahu~cAI hai / yaha jAnakara ki saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kI gati niyata hai, ve apane-apane dvArA nirmita apane-apane mArga para calane meM svatantra haiM, usakI ahaM buddhi, usakI kartRtvabuddhi, zA~ta ho gaI hai / use aba kisI padArtha meM, kisI paristhiti meM kucha karanA nahIM, kevala unheM jAnanA hai / usake liye acche aura bure kA koI artha nahIM raha gayA kyoMki jJAna meM Ane para koI padArtha acchA yA burA nahIM rahatA / acchA yA burA usa padArtha ko merI kartRtva buddhi banAtI hai, merA mamatva banAtA hai, merA ahaMbhAva banAtA hai / jahA~ kartRtva nahIM

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jahA~ mamatva nahIM, jahA~ ahaMbhAva nahIM, vahA~ pItmA kevala eka nirmala darpaNa hai jisakI nirmalatA ko, jisake prasAda ko, na gande padArtha kA pratibimba malina karatA hai, aura na nirmala padArtha kA pratibimba nirmala banAtA hai| ___ jo karma cetanA kI sthiti meM hai, usakI bAta hI dUsarI hai| vastutaH abhI usane apanA lakSya yA pahacAnA nahIM hai yA pahacAna kara bhulA diyA hai| usameM ahaM hai, usameM kartRtva hai| vaha abhI pApa aura puNya ke dvaita se Upara nahIM uTha sakatA / use abhI cunAva karanA hai| usakI mamatA, usakA ahaM, use acche aura bure kA viveka detA hai| usake liye kucha padArtha anukUla haiM, kucha pratikUla haiM aura jaba pratikUla padArtha usake anukUla nahIM ho pAte to vaha isa jJAna cetanA se nahIM socatA ki vaha kyoM ina pratikUla padArthoM ko pratikUla mAnatA hai aura kyoM unheM apane anukUla banAnA cAhatA hai ? vaha yaha nahIM samajha pAtA ki ye anukUla padArtha bhI antataH usake lie bandhana haiM, use inase Upara uThanA hai / kintu hama aise vyakti kI upekSA nahIM kara skte| dharma sabake lie hai, kevala kucha gine cune logoM ke liye nahIM hai / aisA vyakti paristhitiyoM kA dAsa hai / use usakI paristhitiyA~ jidhara cAhatI haiM, udhara dhakelatI haiN| kintu phira bhI vaha apane puruSArtha se, apane dRr3ha saMkalpa se una paristhitiyoM ko dizA de sakatA hai| unheM badala sakatA hai| aura yadi vaha itanA dRr3ha ho jAye ki paristhitiyA~ pUrI tAkata lagAkara bhI use tor3a bhale hI DAleM, para jhukA na sakeM, to eka dina viparIta se viparIta aura kaThina se kaThina paristhitiyoM para bhI vaha vijaya pA sakatA hai, unakA svAmI bana sakatA hai| yahA~ niyativAda hAra jAtA hai aura vyakti kA puruSArtha jayI hotA hai| yaha mArga sAdhakoM kA mArga hai| sAdhaka ne antatogatvA donoM prakAra kI paristhitiyoM para vijaya pAnI hai, pratikUla bhI aura anukUla bhii| use donoM prakAra ke bhAvoM se apane ko mukta karanA hai, anukUla ke pralobhana se aura pratikUla ke bhaya se / kintu jaba taka vaha yaha nahIM kara pAtA, itanA to vaha kara hI sakatA hai ki kaisI bhI paristhiti kyoM na ho, kama se kama usa mArga ko apanAne se inkAra kara de jisa mArga ke apanAne se vaha yaha jAnatA hai ki pratikUla paristhitiyA~ samApta nahIM ho jAtI, pratyuta aura bhI adhika ghanIbhUta ho jAtI haiN| yaha vyavahAra-mArga hai, puNya kA mArga hai| yaha sAkSAt dharma kA mArga nahIM hai, kintu dharma ke mArga kA sahAyaka avazya bana sakatA hai| hamAre jIvana meM jitanA adhika pralobhana pApa kA hai utanA puNya kA nahIM hai| jo pApa ke pralobhana

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( 76 ) ko tor3a DAlatA hai, vaha eka dina puNya ke pralobhana ko bhI tor3a sakatA hai / hama pahale hI spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki puNya sAdhana haiM aura isa loka ke sukha tathA paraloka ke sukha sAdhya haiN| isIliye hamane yahA~ yaha kahA ki puNyoM kA bhI apanA pralobhana hai| kintu pUNya se jo phala prApta hotA hai, usake liye pratIkSA karanI hotI hai aura jisakI garaz2a pAgala hotI hai, vaha pratIkSA nahIM kara sakatA / use yaha lagatA hai ki pApa kA mArga choTA rAstA hai / usase abhI aura turanta phala prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH jahA~ vAsanA jitanI adhika pAgala hai, vahA~ sukha ko prApta karane kI icchA pApa ke dvArA utanI hI prabala hai aura jyoM-jyoM yaha vAsanA kSINa hotI hai, sthUla icchAe~ hamArA pIchA chor3a detI haiN| kintu unakA sthAna sUkSma icchAe~ le letI haiM aura una sUkSma icchAoM kI pUrti hama pUNya ke mArga se karane meM laga jAte haiN| isa mArga meM vAsanA se chuTakArA nahIM hai, paristhitiyoM kI dAsatA se chuTakArA nahIM hai svatantratA nahIM hai; kintu vAsanA kA halakApana avazya hai, paristhitiyoM se Upara uThakara vyakti ko khulI havA meM sAMsa lene kA avakAza avazya mila jAtA hai| cAhe vaha svatantratA prApta na kara sake, use svatantratA ke darzana avazya ho jAte haiM, AbhAsa avazya ho jAtA hai| yahI halkA-sA AbhAsa anta meM svatantratA kI prApti kA kAraNa banatA hai, aisI svatantratA jahA~ kevala vaha jJAna-cetanA raha jAtI hai jisakA ullekha hamane Upara hI kiyA hai| hamArA bhAgya aura bhaviSya cAhe nizcita bhI hai, para kyA use hama jAnate haiM ? aura taba hamAre pAsa atirikta isake aura cArA bhI kyA hai ki hama puruSArtha kareM, kyoMki hamAre AdhIna to vahI hai| aura yadi hama puruSArtha nahIM karanA cAhate, to apane Apako bAhara kI bhAga-daur3a se khIMca kara yaha prAntarika puruSArtha kareM ki apane Apako apane svatantra-svarUpa meM lagA deN| - hara kArya meM do kAraNa rahate haiM upAdAna kAraNa aura nimitta kAraNa / kAla, svabhAva, niyati, paristhitiyA~, janmajAta guNa yA doSa-ye saba nimitta haiN| upAdAna to vyakti kA svayaM kA puruSArtha hai| jisa prakAra bAhara ke anya nimitta mere puruSArtha ke karane para tadanukUla sahAyatA to de sakate haiM, kintu mere puruSArtha ke binA niSkriya rahate haiM, usI prakAra maiM apane se dRSTi haTA kara kisI anya ko kendra banAkara dekheM to usakI apanI dRSTi to vahI upAdAna kAraNa hogA, maiM to kevala usakA nimitta bana sakatA haiN| isa prakAra sabhI padArtha apane-apane upAdAna aura parapadArtha ke nimitta kAraNa haiN| aisI

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( 80 ) avasthA meM kartRtvavAda kA abhimAna kaisA ? apane puruSArtha meM bhAgya kA avalambana kaisA? bhAgya eka bAhya tathya hone ke nAte nimitta ho sakatA hai, upAdAna nahIM bana sktaa| yadi upAdAna kA puruSArtha eka vizeSa dizA meM hai aura vaha dizA yadi svasvabhAva meM niSTha hone kI hai to bhAgya eka niSkriya nimitta mAtra banA raha jAtA hai| bAhya paristhitiyAM kabhI hameM apane Apa nahIM chor3atI, hameM jaba bhI chuTakArA pAnA hotA hai, unase svayaM lar3anA par3atA hai| kyA hamane una siddha puruSoM kI jIvaniyAM nahIM dekhIM jinakA sArA jIvana jJAna ke Aloka se Alokita ho cukA thA, kintu jinakI bAhya paristhitiyAM, phira bhI unake pratikUla banI rhii| kintu kyA ve pratikUla paristhitiyA~ unakI pragati ko unakI sAdhanA ko roka sakI ? lagatA aisA hai ki zAyada ina pratikUla paristhitiyoM ne unakI sAdhanA meM bAdhA nahIM dI balki sahAyatA pahu~cAI / unhoMne na kevala Ane vAlI pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA haMsakara svAgata kiyA, pratyuta jAnabUjha kara pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko Amantrita bhI kiyaa| isa prakAra pratikUla paristhitiyAM unake liye eka khela bana gaI jo unake kevala manoraMjana kA hI sAdhana nahIM thIM, unake mAnasika vikAsa ke liye eka prakAra se anivArya zarte bhI thIM, kyoMki vyakti apanI zakti kI yadi parIkSA karanA cAhe, to usake liye use pratikUla paristhitiyAM milanI hI cAhie~ aura yadi eka stara vizeSa taka kI pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko vaha jIta le to phira usakI zakti usase Age bar3hI yA nahIM, isakI jAMca karane ke liye to use usase bhI adhika pratikUla paristhitiyAM cAhieM hI, sAtha hI sAtha apanI zakti ko bar3hAne kA nirantara abhyAsa karane ke lie bhI use nirantara pratikUla paristhitiyoM ko lalakAra-lalakAra kara Amantrita karanA hotA hai, aura jItanA hotA hai| tapa aura kAyakleza koI mithyA bhrama para AdhArita kinhIM rugNa-mana vAle nirAzAvAdI logoM ke hathiyAra nahIM haiN| ye una logoM ke zastra haiM jo manuSya ke manovijJAna ko samajhate haiM, jo yaha samajhate haiM ki mana kaise manuSya ko bhulAvA detA hai aura kisa prakAra manuSya binA pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM apanI Atmazakti kA parIkSaNa kiye apane Apako paristhitiyoM kA svAmI mAna baiThatA hai kintu jaba use akasmAt pratikUla paristhitiyoM kA sAmanA karanA hotA hai, to usakA yaha AtmavizvAsa bAlU kI nIMva para khar3A huA pramANita hotA hai|

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29 bhautikavAda : yadRcchAvAda eka dUsarA sampradAya hai jise hama yahacchAvAda kaha sakate haiM, jise Adhunika yuga meM AkasmikavAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| manuSya kA sArA cintana isa mUla tathya para AdhArita hai ki pratyeka kArya kA koI kAraNa hotA hai| kintu yadRcchAvAda isa kAryakAraNa ke mUlasiddhAnta para hI kuThArAghAta karatA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki pratyeka kArya Akasmika hotA hai, usakA kAraNa nahIM hotaa| yadi eka kArya kA eka kAraNa mAna bhI leM to phira usa kAraNa kA eka dUsarA kAraNa mAnanA hogA aura dUsare kAraNa kA tIsarA kAraNa / isa prakAra anavasthA ho jaaegii| isa paramparA kA koI anta na hogaa| ataH yaha ThIka hogA ki hama isa paramparA meM jAkara kahIM aura rukane kI apekSA svayaM kArya para hI ruka jAe~ aura usake kAraNa kI khoja na kreN| e yahacchAvAdiyoM kI yaha yukti vastutaH adhUrI hai| ve bhI yadRcchAvAda ko aise hI sthAna para prayukta karate haiM jahAM kAraNa yA to saMdigdha hotA hai yA parokSa hotA hai| kyoMki aise pratyakSa viSayoM meM jaise ki bhojana khA lene se bhUkha zAnta ho jAtI hai, koI bhI vyakti yaha nahIM mAnegA ki kAraNa-kArya sambandha nahIM hai| kintu hamAre jIvana kI bahuta sI ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa parokSa rahate haiM / hamameM se kisI bhI vyakti ke sAtha sar3aka para calate hue durghaTanA ho sakatI hai, aMgabhaMga ho sakatA hai aura taba aisI jagaha usakA kAraNa khojanA kaThina ho jaaegaa| aisI ghaTanAoM ko hama Akasmika kaha DAlate haiN| hamane pahale bhI kahA ki eka aisI bhI sthiti AtI hai jahAM kAraNa kA khojanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| jaba hama kisI padArtha ke maulika svabhAva kA kAraNa DhUMr3hanA cAhate haiM to hameM yaha lagatA hai ki usakA kAraNa nahIM DhUMDhA jA sktaa| yahAM Akara tarka ruka jAtA hai| kintu isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki saMsAra meM koI kAraNa-kArya-paramparA hI nahIM hai| vastutaH samasta vijJAna aura darzana una sthaloM kA jahAM kArya-kAraNaparamparA spaSTa nahIM hai, use khoja nikAlane kA hI prayAsa hai| darzana aura vijJAna jJAta se ajJAta kAraNa ko khojanA cAhate haiN| vijJAna bhautika jagat meM isa

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( 82 ) kAraNa- kArya paramparA ko khojatA hai aura darzana manojagat meM tathA Atmajagat meM / yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka kArya kA upAdAna kAraNa hI pradhAna kAraNa hotA hai aura hama sAdhAraNataH nimitta kAraNoM ko AvazyakatA se adhika mahattva de dete haiM / yadRcchAvAda jahAM taka hameM isa galatI se sAvadhAna karatA hai, vahAM taka vaha ThIka hai / kintu yadi yadRcchAvAda hameM yaha sikhalAnA cAhatA hai ki hama kisI kArya ke kAraNa kI khoja hI na kareM to vaha hameM pazu jagat se U~cA nahIM uThA sakegA / aura yaha satya hai ki yadRcchAvAda ko pUrNataH mAna lene para dharma, darzana, aura cintana kA to avakAza raha hI nahIM jAtA, vijJAna kA bhI unmUlana ho jAtA hai / pAzcAtya dArzanikoM meM pleTo aura arastU AkasmikavAda kI ora jhuke hue the kintu sToiksa ne isa bAta ko mahasUsa kiyA ki vizva meM saba kAryoM kA koI na koI kAraNa hotA hai|' grIyara hibena ne kahA hai ki AkasmikavAda usa samaya kA vicAra hai jisa samaya manuSya abhI vaijJAnika DhaMga se nahIM socatA thA / Aja bhI hama dekhate haiM ki AMzika rUpa se bahuta se loga yadRcchAvAda ke pakSapAtI haiN| ve loga laukika kSetra meM to hara kArya kA kAraNa mAnate haiM kintu ve karma jaise parokSa kAraNoM ko mAnane ke liye taiyAra nahIM haiM / bhAratavarSa meM karma siddhAnta itanA adhika pratiSThita rahA ki kisI bhI darzana ne ise pramANita karane ke liye koI pramANa dene kI AvazyakatA nahIM smjhii| isalie eka prakAra se karma siddhAnta kA vaijJAnika vivecana bhI nahIM ho sakA / kintu itanA nizcita hai ki yaha siddhAnta kAraNa aura kArya ke vaijJAnika siddhAnta para hI prAdhRta hai aura isa siddhAnta ko mAne binA vyakti yaha anubhava nahIM kara sakatA ki saMsAra meM usake sAtha nyAya huA hai aura yaha anubhUti prAye binA ki vyakti ke sAtha jo kucha ho rahA hai vaha nyAyasaMgata hai kisI vyakti meM vaha prAntarika saMtoSa aura zAnti kI bhAvanA, jo usakI unnati ke liye paramAvazyaka hai, nahIM A sakatI / Aja karma siddhAnta para se hamArA vizvAsa haTa gayA to hama yaha mAnane lage ki saMsAra meM jo kucha merA durbhAgya hai, vaha merI karanI kA phala nahIM hai, pratyuta eka Akasmika ghaTanA hai / use dUsaroM ne paidA kara diyA hai| yaha dUsaroM kA mere sAtha anyAya hai / isase asantoSa paidA huA, racanAtmaka dRSTikoNa kI jagaha dhvaMsAtmaka dRSTikoNa prabala ho gayA aura jagaha-jagaha hiMsA phailI / 9. James, Hastings (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, New York, 1955, Vol. I, pR0 65. 2. vahI, pR0 64.

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* isake viparIta karma siddhAnta kA una logoM ne jo samAja meM pratiSThita sthAna pAe hue haiM, anucita upayoga karanA zurU kiyaa| samAja meM phailI huI viSamatA unake zoSaNa kA pariNAma hai kintu unhoMne usa viSamatA ko prakRti kI dena batalAkara zoSita varga ko supta rakhanA caahaa| pariNAmataH sAmyavAda kA janma hyaa| aura zoSakoM ke sAtha-sAtha dharma, jisakI ThekedArI una zoSakoM ne le lI thI, nindita huA / isa prakAra dharma ko durupayoga karane vAle vyaktiyoM kA pApa dharma ko bhI le DUbA aura bahuta jora se yaha vicAradhArA panapane lagI ki dharma to zoSitoM ke jAgaraNa ko rokane ke lie dI jAne vAlI eka mAdaka aphIma hai| dharma jo manuSya ko yuga-yuga kI nIMda se jagAne ke lie hai, nidrA meM sulA dene vAlA mAnA jAne lgaa| aura Aja hama jAnate haiM ki saMsAra kA eka bahuta bar3A bhAga jo bahuta sampanna hai, samRddha hai aura prabuddha bhI hai dharma ko sarvathA chor3a cukA hai, vahA~ dharma kI carcA karanA bhI eka aparAdha hai| hameM ina donoM atiyoM se bacanA hai--eka ora to apane saba doSoM ko dUsare ke sira thopanA aura dUsarI ora dUsaroM kA zoSaNa karate hue apane doSoM ko dUsaroM ke bhAgya ke sira para thopanA hai| hama pahale hI yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki jaba hama kArya-kAraNa sambandha ko mAneMge to aMzataH hameM bhAgya ko bhI mAnanA hogA, niyati ko bhI mAnanA hogA aura isakA yaha artha nahIM ki hama sarvathA ba~dhe hue haiN| hameM eka vizeSa sImA taka chUTa bhI hai, svatantratA bhI hai| phira yadi zoSitoM ke dukhoM ko hama unake pApoM kA phala batalAkara apane Apa ko zoSaNa ke pApa se mukta karanA cAheM to sAtha hI hameM yaha bhI to socanA hogA ki zoSaNa bhI to eka pApa hai, zAyada sabase bar3A pApa hai kyoMki zoSaNa karate samaya hama apane svarUpa ko bhUla jAte haiN| hama yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki vaha vyakti jisakA hama zoSaNa karanA cAhate haiM, vaisA hI hai jaisA maiM svayaM haiN| aura isakA yaha pariNAma hotA hai ki hama svayaM eka bar3e pApa ke garta meM par3a jAte haiM / vastusthiti yaha hai ki jisa vyakti ko pApa karanA hai, usake lie vaha koI bhI siddhAnta prayoga meM lA sakatA hai, use tor3a sakatA hai, maror3a sakatA hai| cAhe vaha siddhAnta karma siddhAnta ho, cAhe dharma ho, cAhe bhAgya, cAhe Izvara aura ina sabakA mAnavatA ke AdhAra para khaNDana karane vAlA svayaM sAmyavAda kyoM na ho| sAmyavAda ke siddhAnta meM kyA kamajoriyA~ haiM ? kevala eka vahI kamaz2orI hai, jo una saba siddhAntoM meM thI jina siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karake sAmyavAda ubharA arthAt asahiSNutA / kauna nahIM mAnegA ki saba manuSya-aura jaina darzana to kahegA ki prANImAtra samAna haiN| sabako apanI-apanI dizA se unnati

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( 58 ) karane kA pUrNa avasara milanA cAhie, pUrNa suvidhAe~ milanI cAhie~ / aura "jo atirikta apanI dainika AvazyakatAoM ke kisI aura padArtha para svatva samajhatA hai, vaha cora hai, daNDa kA bhAgI hai"-- isakI ghoSaNA hamAre yahA~ bahuta pahale se kI gaI / aparigraha kA mUla siddhAnta hI yaha hai ki hama apanI AvazyakatAoM ko kama se kama kareM aura una kama se kama AvazyakatAoM ko pUrA karane ke lie jina padArthoM kA hama upayoga karate haiM, unameM mamatA na rakheM / IzvaravAdI bhI isa samasta jagat ko Izvara kA mAnakara mamatva haTAne kI zikSA detA hai, hama jo kucha kareM khAyeM, piyeM, saba IzvarArpaNa buddhi se kareM aura usameM mamatva na rkheN| kintu sAmyavAda kA kahanA hai ki yaha to siddhAnta kI bAta hai, vyavahAra meM to dharmazAstra hameM zoSaNa se mukti nahIM dilA sakate / kintu prazna yaha hai ki yadi hamAre dharma ke siddhAnta hameM zoSaNa se mukta nahIM kara sake to kyA sAmyavAda ke siddhAntoM ne hameM vyavahAra meM saMgharSa se mukta kara diyA ? zAnti de dI ? kyA sAmyavAda bhI apanI pratiSThA ke lie unhIM hathiyAroM kA prayoga nahIM karatA, jinakA anya siddhAnta karate haiM ? phira bhI sAmyavAda kA mUla siddhAnta ki saba samAna haiM, janma se koI choTA bar3A nahIM, vyakti choTA yA bar3A apane puruSArtha se hotA hai, bahuta sundara siddhAnta hai / kintu isa siddhAnta kI apanI eka sImA hai / yaha siddhAnta dRzyamAna jagat ke atirikta aura kisI prakAra kI sattA svIkAra nahIM karatA / paraloka, pApa, puNya aura punarjanma ko vyartha kI kalpanAe~ mAnatA hai / inake sAmane jaba tyAga kI bAta rakhI jAtI hai aura yaha kahA jAtA hai ki saMsAra ke sukha bhoga bhI dukha rUpa hI haiM to yaha use yaha kahakara TAla detA hai ki yadi saMsAra meM dukha hai to kyA isalie saMsAra ke sukhoM ko bhI chor3a diyA jAya ? hama yaha pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki bhautikavAda hameM vartamAna meM rahane kI preraNA detA hai aura isa dRSTi se hameM vyartha ke andhavizvAsoM se bhI mukti dilAtA hai / hama yaha bhI dekha cuke haiM ki kama se kama jaina darzana saMsAra ko eka svapna nahIM mAnatA, eka satya mAnatA hai / kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki kevala pratyakSa ko hI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, na yaha hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnakara jIvana kI saba samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai / manuSya kevala roTI para jIvita nahIM rhtaa| usakI prAkAMkSAe~ kevala dhana se tRpta nahIM rahatIM, use pyAra bhI cAhie, use sadbhAva bhI cAhie / ' manuSya eka yantra nahIM hai, jise ekatA ke nIrasa DhAMce meM DhAlA jA ske| use vivi 1. na vittena tarpaNIyo manuSyaH balla kaThopaniSad 1.1.27.

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( 85 ) dhatA cAhie aura isa vividhatA ke lie vyakti ko samAja ke anucita niyaMtraNa se mukti caahie| phira bhI bhautikavAda ke aura sAmyavAda ke prAdurbhAva ne dArzanikoM ke lie naye DhaMga se socane kI sAmagrI dI hai aura purAnA cintana jo sUkSma se sUkSmatama hote hote sthUla se sarvathA vicchinna ho gayA thA, use phira se sthUla kI ora Ane ke liye preraNA dI hai| aura isa prakAra sAmyavAda aura adhyAtmavAda yadi sApekSatA kI zaraNa leM, yadi ahaM ko chor3eM aura mAnavatA ke hita ko, kisI siddhAnta kI apekSA, sarvopari rakheM to eka aisI samanvita saMskRti kA vikAsa sambhava hai jisameM na to sthUla ke pIche sUkSma kI asvIkRti ho aura na sUkSma ke pIche sthUla kI upekssaa|

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( 2 ) bbaaii mnii 22 jAti, janma : puruSArtha zvetAzvataropaniSad kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yaccchA aura bhUta ke atirikta eka anya siddhAnta kI bhI carcA karatI hai aura vaha hai yoni arthAt janma / hama jAnate haiM ki hamane jisa ghara meM janma liyA usakA cunAva hamane svayaM nahIM kiyA / jo mAtA pitA, jo gRhastha, jo samAja, hameM milA, vaha hamArA janmajAta hai / usameM hamAre cunAva kA koI hAtha nahIM, aura janma hamAre jIvana kA prArambha hai| aura vaha prArambha hI yadi viSamatA se hotA hai, to hama apane jIvana ke puruSArtha se usa viSamatA ko kaise miTA sakate haiM ? isa prakAra vastutaH hamAre jIvana kI saphalatA asaphalatA bahuta kucha hamAre janma para hI zrAvRta hai / isa viSaya meM jaina dRSTi ke sambandha meM kucha adhika kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM / prathama to yaha kahanA hI galata hai ki mere janma meM merA apanA koI hAtha nahIM / merA janma, merI paristhitiyA~ una sabameM merA pUrA hAtha hai aura kevala merA hI hAtha hai / kisI aura kA nahIM / dUsare vyakti kA puruSArthaM usakI paristhitiyoM se bar3hakara hai / aura apanI janmajAta sthitiyoM ko manuSya apane asAdhAraNa puruSArthaM se badala sakatA hai| garIba se garIba ghara meM paidA huA bAlaka saMsAra meM apane puruSArtha se apanA nAma prakAzita kara sakatA hai aura amIra se amIra ghara meM utpanna huA bAlaka apane Apako nIcA girA sakatA hai / yaha bhI hama batalA cuke haiM ki jaina dharma janma ke AdhAra para jAtigata U~canIca kI vyavasthA ko kadApi nahIM mAnatA / para taba bhI yaha mAnanA hogA ki vaMza paramparA aura vAtAvaraNa ke pArasparika prabhAva kA jo vivAda Aja ke manovijJAna meM cala rahA hai, hameM usameM madhyama mArga hI apanAnA hogA aura yaha mAnanA hogA ki hamArI paristhitiyA~ aura puruSArtha yadyapi hamAre jIvana meM bahuta mahattvapUrNa haiM para jo kucha mUlabhUta sAmagrI unheM prApta hotI hai, vaha janmajAta hI hotI hai / 1. ratnakaraNDAzrAvakAcAra, 28.

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23 puruSa : Izvara aura brahma yonivAda ke anantara zvetAzvataropaniSad meM puruSavAda kI carcA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM puruSa zabda ke aneka artha haiM, jinameM tIna pramukha haiM-vyakti, Izvara aura brhm| __yadi hama vyakti ko sukha-dukha meM sarvathA svatantra mAneM to yaha bahuta hada taka satya hai kintu usakI yaha svatantratA usake apane karmoM dvArA sImita bhI hai| ataH vyakti utanI sImA taka sImAoM meM baMdhA huA bhI hai| vyakti jo kucha karatA hai yA jo kucha hai, usakA pUrNa uttaradAyitva usa para hI hai| kisI bhI sadAcAra ke pAlana ke lie vyakti ko apane karmoM ke lie uttaradAyI mAnanA Avazyaka hai| kintu hama satya se muMha nahIM mor3a skte| paristhitiyA~ bhI haiM aura ve satya haiN| hamAre bhUtakAla ke karma hI hamArI vartamAna paristhitiyoM ke rUpa meM A gaye haiM aura isa prakAra vyakti pUrNataH svatantra nahIM hai| __puruSa zabda kA eka dUsarA artha Izvara liyA jAtA hai aura yaha IzvaravAda kA siddhAnta samasta saMsAra meM vyApta hai| saMsAra kA eka aisA sarvazaktimAna svAmI mAna liyA gayA hai jo hama sabake bhAgyoM ko niyaMtrita karatA hai, hameM janma detA hai, pAlana karatA hai aura pralaya ke samaya saMsAra kA nAza bhI karatA hai| isa sambandha meM bhI donoM prakAra kI mAnyatAeM haiM ki Izvara jo hameM karmaphala detA hai, vaha hamAre karmAnusAra hI hotA hai yA usameM vaha apanI svecchA se heraphera bhI kara detA hai| bhAratavarSa meM isa IzvaravAda ke siddhAnta kA sarvottama pratipAdana gItA meM hai| hameM apane vyaktitva ko pUrNataH visajita karake, binA zarta apane Apako Izvara ke Age samarpita kara denA hai| apane Apako usakI icchA kA eka udAsIna nimitta mAtra mAnanA hai| vahI hamAre hRdaya meM sthita hameM apanI icchA1. janmAdyasya yata: -brahmasUtra, 1.1.2. 2. gItA, 16.66.

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( 55 ) nusAra ghumAtA hai / hameM saba karmaphala use hI sauMpa dene haiN|' kintu isake sAtha hI sAtha gItA meM sadAcAra ke pAlana ke lie pUrA bala diyA gayA hai aura isa prakAra Izvara dharmAcaraNa ke lie eka sahAyaka aura Avazyaka tattva mAnA gayA hai / svataH siddha mAnA gayA hai / IsAiyoM meM bAibala meM Izvara kI sattA ko isameM kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnI gii| hameM eka hI Izvara kI upAsanA karanI hai, anya devI devatAoM kI upAsanA nahIM karanI / Izvara eka hai / vaha AtmA hai, pavitra hai, nyAyazIla hai, 4 dayAlu hai, aura kSamAvAn hai / vaha choTe se choTe prAraNI kA dhyAna rakhatA hai / IsAmasIha jo ki usake putra haiM, apane pitA ko kisI anya manuSya kI apekSA adhika acchIprakAra se jAnate haiN| isa prakAra Izvara, IsA masIha aura AtmA milakara IsAI mata ke pavitra ta ko pUrNa karate haiM / paramAtmA mUla srota hai IsA masIha madhyavartI zakti hai aura AtmA usa zakti ko prayoga meM lAne vAlI hai aura devI kArya IsA masIha ke mAdhyama se hI paramAtmA kA kArya AtmA ke dvArA sampanna huA samajhanA cAhie / 7 spaSTa hai ki hindU dharma aura IsAI dharma meM paramAtmA kA jo svarUpa hai, usameM koI maulika bheda nahIM hai| donoM hI dharmoM meM vaha sarvajJa, sarvazaktimAn, sarvavyApaka, nyAyazIla, dayAlu aura sarvopari hai / IsAI dharma meM jo mahattva IsA masIha kA hai, hindU dharma meM usakA sthAna kabhI guru ko diyA jA sakatA hai, aura kabhI kisI iSTadeva ko / IsAI dharma meM Izvara ke atirikta jo anya kisI devatA kI upAsanA kA niSedha hai, vaha bhI hameM AryasamAja kI paramparA meM milatA hai / islAma meM Izvara kI ekatA para aura bhI adhika bala diyA gayA hai| IsAI dharma meM jisa ta ko mAnA gayA hai, usakA khaNDana islAma meM isa rUpa meM kiyA 1. gItA, 18.61. 2. mArke, 12.26. 3. jaoNna, 4.24. 4. jaoNna, 17.11, 25. 5. maithyU, 6.30. 6. maithyU, 11.27. 7. Hastings, James, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. VI, pR0 261.

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( 6 ) gayA ki Izvara aura usake paigambara meM vizvAsa karo aura yaha mata kaho ki tAna haiM, kSamAzIla bano kyoMki yaha tumhAre lie acchA hai| Izvara kevala eka hI hai| yaha usakI mahimA ke yogya nahIM hai ki usake putra ho' aura jaba Izvara kahegA ki pro jIsasa, merI ke putra, kyA tumane manuSyoM se yaha kahA hai ki mujhe aura merI mAtA ko Izvara ke atirikta do anya Izvara mAno to vaha kahegA ki ApakI jaya ho, maiM vaha kaise kaha sakatA hU~ jise maiM satya nahIM samajhatA / musalamAnoM ne Izvara meM nimna sAta guNa mAne haiM-jIvana (hAyA), jJAna (ilma), zakti (kudra), icchA (irAdA), zravaNa (sama), darzana (bazara) aura vacana (kalAma) / jisa prazna se hama yahA~ sambaddha haiM usa prazna kA dRSTi se ina guraNoM ko mAnane yA na mAnane se koI vizeSa antara nahIM pdd'taa| Izvara kI kalpanA ke pIche mUla bhAvanA yaha hai ki hara karma kA koI na koI kartA honA caahie| ataH isa vizva kA bhI eka kartA hai| isa yukti ko jaina darzana susaMgata nahIM mAnatA / prazna yaha hai ki Izvara ne isa saMsAra ko sat se utpanna kiyA yA asat se? asat se to kisI padArtha kI utpatti ho nahIM sakatI aura yadi yaha mAneM ki sat se saMsAra ko utpanna kiyA to yaha prazna AegA ki Izvara ne eka vizeSa samaya meM saMsAra ko janma dene kI icchA kyoM kI? jaisAki sAMkhyatattvakaumudI meM kahA gayA hai ki Izvara kA sRSTi meM svayaM kA to koI svArtha ho nahIM sakatA kyoMki vaha pUrNa hai aura yadi usane saMsAra ko paropakAra kI dRSTi se utpanna kiyA to sRSTi ke pUrva AtmAoM ko koI kaSTa to thA nahIM, jisase mukta karane ke lie usane aisA kiyA ho aura phira paropakAra kI dRSTi se saMsAra kA sRjana karane vAlA kevala sukhamaya saMsAra hI banAtA / 4 aipIkyUrasa kA ubhayataHpAza abhI bhI hamAre sAtha hai, 'yadi Izvara burAI ko hone denA cAhatA hai taba to vaha dveSI hai aura yadi vaha burAI ko nahIM hone denA cAhatA kintu ise roka nahIM sakatA, to vaha sarvazaktimAna nahIM hai| Izvara ne saMsAra ko jina sat padArthoM se banAyA, ve sat padArtha to anAdi kAla se cale hI Ate haiM aura ve svayaM hI saMsAra ko bhI anAdikAla se janma 1. Hastings, James, Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, ____Vol. VI, pR0 261. 2. vahI, pa0 300. 3. vahI, pR0 300. 4. sAMkhyatattvakaumudI, sAMkhyakArikA, 50. %. W.R. Sorley and others, The Elements of Pain and Conflict in Human Life, pR048.

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dete hue pA sakate haiN| agni meM jalAne kI zakti Izvara kI icchA se nahIM hai, kyoMki hama aisI agni kI to kalpanA hI nahIM kara sakate, jisameM jalAne kI zakti na ho| kintu ina saba yuktiyoM kA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jaina siddhAnta ne Izvara ko nahIM maanaa| usane Izvara ko eka anAdisiddha jagatsraSTA cAhe nahIM mAnA, para eka sAdhya aura manuSya ke jIvana ke carama aura sarvottama vikAsa ke rUpa meM avazya svIkAra kiyA hai| kriyA-pratikriyA ke manovaijJAnika siddhAnta ke AdhAra para manuSya apane karmoM kA phala svayaM pAtA hai / isake lie use kisI nyAyAdhIza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ataH ve siddha jo ananta jJAna, zakti, darzana aura sukha se sampanna haiM, hama jaise hI prANI the, saMsAra meM bhaTaka rahe the, unameM bhI ajJAna thA, kaSAya thA para unhoMne usa ajJAna aura kaSAya para vijaya pAyI aura sarvadA ke lie vijaya paayii| isa prakAra ve eka aisI sthiti meM pahu~ca gaye jahA~ unheM rAga aura dveSa nahIM satAte / _ve siddha hamAre lie Aloka-stambha haiM, Adarza haiN| unakA jIvana isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki jIvana meM bar3I se bar3I sambhAvanA gupta rUpa se nihita hai jo puruSArtha dvArA abhivyakta ho sakatI hai / ina siddhoM kA dhyAna vastutaH apane lakSya kA dhyAna hai| ye siddha parameSThI haiM, paramezvara haiN| ve eka nahIM haiN| aura na ve akele paramezvara haiN| unake sAtha sAtha cAra parameSThI aura haiM-arihanta, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / ye saba hamAre jIvana mArga ke Aloka stambha haiN| NamokAra mantra meM sarvaprathama arihantoM ko namaskAra kiyA gyaa| tadanantara siddhoM ko phira AcArya upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ko| yaha NamokAra mantra jaina dharma kI bhakti paramparA kA anAdinidhana mantra hai| siddhoM kI apekSA arihanta hamAre adhika nikaTa haiM kyoMki unakA zarIra hai aura ve saMsAra meM dRzya rUpa meM rahate haiN| unakA upadeza hamAre sAkSAt kalyANa kA kAraNa hai, ataH prathama namaskAra unheM kiyA gyaa| usase pUrva jo usa saphalatA ko prApta kara cuke haiM, una siddhoM ko namaskAra unake anantara kiyA gayA aura phira AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhuoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA jo usa lakSya taka pahu~ce to nahIM para usa patha ke pathika avazya haiN| isa prakAra jaina dharma vyakti kI upAsanA nahIM karatA, siddhAnta kI upAsanA karatA hai aura parAvalambana ko nikRSTa samajhatA hai cAhe vaha parAvalambana Izvara kA hI kyoM na ho|

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24 paJcaparameSThI : vyakti jaina dharma kA mUla siddhAnta hai AtmaniSThA / paJcaparameSThI isaliye nahIM hai ki hama unakA Azraya leN| jo vyakti puruSa meM brahma ko jAnatA hai, vahI parameSThI ko jAnatA hai| puruSa meM brahma ko jAnane kA yaha siddhAnta samasta bhAratIya paramparA kI eka amUlya nidhi hai / chAndogyopaniSad meM guru ne zvetaketu ko isI tathya kA jJAna karAyA ki he zvetaketu ! vaha brahma tuma svayaM hI ho, jisakI tumheM upAsanA karanI hai|2 paJcAstikAya meM kahA gayA ki jisane AtmasAkSAtkAra nahIM kiyA cAhe vaha padArthoM kA tattvajJa bhI ho, tIrthaMkaroM kA bhakta bhI ho, zAstra meM ruci bhI rakhane vAlA ho, aura saMyama tathA tapa kA pAlana bhI karane vAlA kyoM na ho kintu nirvANa abhI usase bahata dUra hai| mahAbhArata ne isI paramparA meM ghoSaNA kI, ki saMsAra meM manuSya se bar3hakara zreSTha aura kucha nahIM hai| dazavakAlika sUtra ne kahA ki jo vyakti dharma kA pAlana karatA hai, usake sAmane devagaNa bhI praNata ho jAte haiN| devatA laukika sampatti aura vibhUti ke carama vikAsa ke pratIka haiM aura dharma AtmavikAsa kI pariNati hai| isa prakAra jaina darzana ne hameM zvetAzvataropaniSad meM ginAye hue kAla svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta, janma aura puruSa ina bAhya tathyoM se mukti kA mArga yaha sujhAyA ki vyakti puruSArthI bane, AtmAvalambI bane / kyoMki zvetAzvataropaniSad bhakti paramparA para adhika bala detI hai isaliye usane sukha dukhoM kA kartA prAtmA ko bhI nahIM mAnA, AtmA ko bhI asamartha maanaa| zAyada 1. ye puruSe brahma viduste viduH parameSThinam -atharvaveda, 10.7.17. 2. tattvamasi zvetaketo -chAMdogyopaniSad 6.8.4. 3. sapayatthaM titthayaraM abhigadabuddhidhassa suttaroissa dUrataraM NivvANaM saMjamatavasaMpanottassa / -paMcAstikAya, 170. 4. AtmApyanIzI sukhadu:khahetoH / --zvetAzvataropaniSad 1.1.12.

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(62 ) vaha yaha kahanA cAhatI hai ki sukha dukha bhagavAna ke adhIna haiN| vyakti apane Apako bhagavAn ke Age pUrNataH samarpita kara de, sukha kA yahI ekamAtra mArga hai| kintu isa bhaktibhAva yA IzvaravAda kA bhI yadi hama pUrNataH khaNDana kareMge, to aisA pratIta hogA ki anekAnta kI mUla AtmA kA hanana ho rahA hai| jainAcAryoM ne aisA kiyA bhI nhiiN| unhoMne bhakti bhAva se bhare hue adbhuta stotroM kA nirmANa kiyaa| aura isa prakAra jaina paramparA ko bhakti kI rasadhArA se zuSka hone se bacAyA / prANI ko ananta kAla se parAvalambana kI Adata hai jo akasmAt nahIM chUTa sktii| yadi aupacArika rUpa se parAvalambana asthAyI rUpa se grahaNa kiyA jAe to bhI vaha sAdhana svAvalambana kA hI honA caahiye|

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samyagdarzana : saccA zrotA hamane isa kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, bhUta, yoni, puruSa aura prAtmavAda kI carcA meM apane vivecana ko kucha zAstrIya banA diyaa| zAstra satya kA sahAyaka hai| kintu sarvadA zAstra satya kA sahAyaka nahIM hotA / hamane dekhA ki Upara jina bhI vAdoM kA hamane ullekha kiyA hai, unakA durupayoga bhI ho sakatA hai aura sadupayoga bhI ho sakatA hai aura sabhI zAstrasiddhAntoM kA durupayoga bhI huA hai, sadupayoga bhI huA hai / vastusthiti yaha hai ki hameM zAstra ke siddhAnta kA darzana nahIM hotA pratyuta zAstra ke siddhAnta kA jo pratibimba hamAre mana para par3atA hai, usakA darzana hotA hai| zAstra ko yA zAstra ke siddhAntoM ko sIdhA suna sakeM, usameM hamArA apanA vyaktitva na Ae, isakA upAya kyA hai ? zrAvaka arthAt zAstra kA sunane vAlA kauna hai ? hama zAstra ko nahIM sunate, zAstra ke vAkyoM ko sunakara jo pratikriyA hamameM paidA hotI hai, use sunate haiN| hama zrAvaka nahIM haiN| zrAvaka vaha hai jo apane mana ko itanA zAnta banA le, itanA nirmala aura susthira banA le ki apanI pratikriyAoM se haTakara zAstra kI yA guru kI vANI suna ske| aise zrAvaka ke liye samasta zAstra-siddhAnta samyak haiN| jo zAstroM ke siddhAntoM ko apanI dRSTi se raMga kara dekhate haiM, unheM zAstroM se kucha nahIM milatA, kevala apane mana meM baiThe hue rAga aura dveSa kA poSaNa milatA hai| ve zAstra kA zravaNa nahIM karate, apane vikRta vyaktitva meM se chana kara Aye hue zAstra ke abhiprAya ke vikRta rUpa kA zravaNa karate haiN| zrAvaka ko samyak dRSTi honA cAhie / saMsAra ke saba padArthoM kA hama darzana karate haiN| para hamArA yaha darzana samyak darzana nahIM hai| mithyA darzana hai| kyoMki hama saMsAra ke padArthoM kA darzana nahIM karate, una saMsAra ke padArthoM ke sambandha meM apanI mana kI pratikriyA kA darzana karate haiM / samyak darzana vaha hai jo apane ko taTastha rakhakara saMsAra kA darzana kiyA jAtA hai| samasta padArthoM se apane sambandha ko tor3akara apane rAga aura dveSa ko chor3akara saMsAra kA darzana kiyA jAtA hai, usa samaya saMsAra meM eka adbhuta sauMdarya kA darzana hotA hai|

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( 64 ) kyoMki jaba hama saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha se apanA sambandha tor3a lete haiM taba saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha bhI hama se apanA sambandha tor3a dete haiN| usa samaya saMsAra ke padArthoM kA hamArI dRSTi se nirapekSa vastulakSI svabhAva prakaTa hotA hai kyoMki vyaktiparaka dRSTi samApta ho jAtI hai / hama svayaM saMsAra ke sambandhoM ke atirikta aura kyA haiM ? kisI ke putra, kisI ke pitA, kisI ke pati, kisI ke svAmI, kisI ke anucara, kintu yadi ina saba sambandhoM kA viccheda kara deM to hama kyA raha jAe~ ? eka akelI ikAI aura jaba isa akelI ikAI kA anubhava hotA hai taba hameM lagatA hai ki hama kauna haiM ? usa samaya jaise saMsAra ke saba sahAre hama se chUTa jAte haiM aura jaba saMsAra ke samasta sahAre hamase chUTa jAte haiM, hama nirAdhAra ho jAte haiM to hamArI jIvana zakti eka AdhAra kI khoja karatI hai aura use vaha AdhAra svayaM meM hI mila jAtA hai| aura yaha svayaM kA AdhAra anya AdhAra kI apekSA kahIM adhika sudRr3ha, susthira aura svAdhIna hai / usa samaya saMsAra ke acche se acche zrAdhAra bhI svAvalambana ke Age duHkharUpa najara Ane lagate haiM / duHkha kA pahacAna lenA hI duHkha se mukti hai / kyoMki koI vyakti duHkha kI sacAI ko jAnakara duHkha meM nahIM rahanA cAhegA aura jo vyakti duHkha meM nahIM rahanA cAhegA use saMsAra kI koI zakti balapUrvaka duHkha meM nahIM rakha sakatI / kintu yadi hama svayaM duHkha ko hI sukha mAnakara usase cipaTA rahanA cAheM to saMsAra kI koI zakti hameM usase pRthak bhI nahIM kara sakatI / ilA

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26 jA muni : dhyAnapada hamane Upara kahA ki zAstra hamAre liye tabhI sahAyaka ho sakate haiM jaba hama samyak dRSTi hoM, satya zrAvaka hoN| sacce zravaNa aura darzana ke bAda muni pada arthAt saccA mauna prArambha hotA hai| mauna arthAt saMsAra kI kisI kriyA, kisI vicAra, kisI dRzya kI koI pratikriyA nahIM karanA / kevala use jAnanA, use dekhanA, kevala sAkSI, draSTA, cettA bane rhnaa| yaha munipada hai / kyoMki yahA~ mauna hai| isa mauna meM dhyAna kA avatAra hotA hai| dhyAna koI kriyA nahIM hai / dhyAna samasta kriyAoM kA abhAva hai| para dhyAna samasta kriyAoM kA abhAva bhI nahIM hai| dhyAna kevala kriyA hai, pratikriyA nahIM hai| samasta kriyA kA abhAva to mUcchita avasthA meM hotA hai| mUcchita avasthA zAyada bahuta kucha nigoda avasthA jaisI hai| vahA~ kriyA kA abhAva hai| para vaha dhyAna nahIM hai / dhyAna meM pUrNa jAgarUkatA hai, pUrNa caitanya hai| akriyA meM hama jar3a ke sAtha, zarIra ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAte haiM aura hamArA caitanya jaise mara jAtA hai / yaha suSupti hai| kintu dhyAna meM hama caitanya ke sAtha ekAkAra ho jAte haiM aura hamArA jar3a, hamArA zarIra jaise mara jAtA hai / aura isa dhyAna se jJAna utpanna hotA hai| vaha jJAna jo saba jJAna kA mUla hai, kendrabindu hai, arthAt sva kA jJAna / jaba sva kA jJAna hotA hai, taba anya padArthoM kA jJAna nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| isa jJAna meM jAnanA hai, sIkhanA nhiiN| zAstroM kA adhyayana hameM sikhAtA hai aura hama jo kucha sIkhate haiM, unheM apanI smRti meM surakSita rakhate jAte haiM aura avasara Ane para hama unheM duharA dete haiN| yaha kArya eka yAMtrika kArya hai / yaha kArya prAtmA ke gaurava ke anukUla nahIM hai| manuSya ke liye yaha anurUpa nahIM hai ki vaha kevala yantra banA rahe / kintu jitanA hamArA sIkhanA hai, vaha saba yAntrika kriyA hai| jaisA hamane sIkhA, vaisA hamane duharA diyaa| isameM anubhUti nahIM hai| aura jahA~ anubhUti hotI hai, vahA~ zabda nahIM ho sakate / kyoMki zabda hameM anubhUti ke stara se haTA kara vicAroM ke stara para le Ate haiM; vahA~ saMkalpa haiM aura jahA~ saMkalpa haiM vahA~ pArasparikatA hai, vahA~ sambandhasApekSatA hai aura jahA~ sambandha-sApekSatA hai vahAM na to satya kA darzana hai aura

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(66 ) na anubhUti / jina do padArthoM meM apane meM aura para meM hama sambandha jor3a lete haiM, vaha sambandha na hameM para-padArtha kA vastuparaka jJAna hone detA hai, aura na apanA vastuparaka jJAna hone detA hai / vaha mithyA jJAna hai, samyak jJAna nahIM hai| __ina sambandhoM ke saMsAra meM rahate hue ina zabdoM ke aura vicAroM ke stara para rahate hue vyakti apanI prAntarika kSudra bhAvanAoM meM itanA vyasta rahatA hai ki use vastu ke zravaNa, darzana, jJAna aura dhyAna kA avakAza hI nahIM miltaa| vaha ina sambandhoM kA hI zravaNa karatA hai, darzana karatA hai, jJAna prApta karatA hai, aura dhyAna karatA rahatA hai| hamane kahA ki hamAre apane andara kucha kSudra vyastatAe~ haiN| apane Antarika bhAvoM para yadi hama zAnta mana se vicAra kareM to hameM apane para haMsI Aye binA nahIM rhegii| choTI choTI sI bAta para hama kitane adhika uttejita ho jAte haiM, mAnoM vaha choTA-sA prazna hamAre jIvanamaraNa kA prazna ho| aura jo vastutaH hamAre jIvana-maraNa kA prazna hai-apane svarUpa kA bodha, jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa meM jAgarUkatA-usake prati hama kitane udAsIna haiM, kitane supta haiM / jIvana itanA choTA hai ki use choTI-choTI bAtoM ke liye nahIM gaMvAyA jA sktaa| hamane prArambha meM kahA ki hamArA apane se saMgharSa cala rahA hai| kintu isa saMgharSa kA anta kisI saMgharSa se nahIM hogaa| hamAre apane svarUpa ke darzana se aura jJAna se jo hamameM asaMgatiyA~ haiM, jo hamameM virodha haiM, ve svataH dUra ho jaaeNge| yadi hamane apane svarUpa ko sambandhoM se pRthak karake jAna liyA, yadi hamane zabdoM ko apanI vyaktigata pratikriyAoM se mukta hokara zravaNa karanA sIkha liyA, yadi hamane apanI buddhi ko rAgadveSa se pRthak rakhakara vizva kA darzana karanA prArambha kara diyA, to hameM apane andara baiThA huA eka kendra upalabdha ho jAegA, eka ahaM kA kendra jisameM kevala sattA hai, kriyA nahIM hai aura jisakI yadi kriyA hai bhI, to vaha kisI bAhya kriyA kI pratikriyA nahIM hai| isa sArI prakriyA ko bar3e sahaja DhaMga se karanA hai| kyoMki hameM apane svabhAva kI upalabdhi karanI hai, kisI bAhya padArtha kI prApti ke liye saMgharSa nahIM karanA hai| dhyAna kI prakriyA jo citta kI nivicAra avasthA se utpanna hotI hai, isakA ekamAtra sAdhana hai| yaha nirvicAratA bhI vicAra se. hI utpanna hotI hai, kintu nirvicAratA ko utpanna karane vAlA vicAra nirvicAratA ko janma dekara svayaM bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| jaise kisI kAMTe se kAMTe ko nikAlane ke bAda vaha kAMTA bhI nikAla kara pheMka diyA jAtA hai| use saMjokara nahIM rakhA jaataa| hamane yadi vicAroM ko pakar3a liyA, zAstra vacanoM ko pakar3a liyA, to hama isa nirvicAra samAdhi kI sthiti meM

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( 67 ) 1 nahIM pahu~ca pAe~ge / zAstra hameM satya kA mArga dikhalAte haiM, satya kI prApti nahIM karA sakate / kyoMki satya maiM svayaM hU~ aura vaha mere se bAhara na zAstra meM hai, na guru ke upadeza meM, na mandira meM sabako apanA-apanA satya svayaM khojanA hotA hai kyoMki satya ko kisI dUsare ko na diyA jA sakatA hai na dUsare se liyA jA sakatA hai / vaha hamArA svarUpa hai, hamArA parigraha nahIM hai, jise hama kabhI utAra sakeM aura kabhI dhAraNa kara sakeM, kabhI kisI ko de sakeM aura kabhI kisI se le sakeM / sArI yAtrA samyak darzana se, zravaraNa se prArambha hotI hai aura usakA anta dhyAna para hotA hai / yahA~ Akara sAre bhAratIya darzana eka ho jAte haiM ki jIvana kA carama lakSya eka aisI nivicAra avasthA hai jahA~ sva apane meM sthita ho jAtA hai / hamane yahIM se prArambha kiyA thA ki dharma vastu kA svabhAva hai aura dharma ke samasta vivecana kA antima niSkarSa bhI yahI hai ki dharma svarUpa meM sthiti hai yahI samyak cAritrya hai, jo kucha hama isake atirikta acche AcaraNa ke nAma para karate haiM, usameM kahIM na kahIM koI na koI vAsanA hai, svarga kI icchA, mokSa kI icchA, dharmapAlana kI icchA, aura jahAM taka icchA hai, vahA~ taka saMsAra hai / jahA~ svarUpa kI prApti kI icchA hai, vahA~ bhI dharma nahIM hai, bandhana hI hai / isIlie hamane kahA ki ise bahuta sahaja bhAva se karanA hai| hamAre janma janmAntaroM ke saMskAra, vAsanAeM, kahIM na kahIM hamAre mana meM pratikriyA ko jagAkara hamAre sahaja svarUpa ko bAdhita kara detI haiM / hamArI vRtti ko bArambAra dhakela kara bahirmukhI banA detI haiM aura hamAre dhyAna, hamArI sAdhanA ke mArga meM bAdhA A jAtI hai / hameM ina bAdhAoM se sAvadhAna rahanA choTI bAdhA ko hai, inheM vilIna bhI karanA hai para isa samApta karane ke lie usase bar3I bAdhA DhaMga se nahIM ki eka utpanna kara leM /

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27 mukti : prema aura Ananda mUla sUtra hai svatantratA / svatantratA kA artha hai ki dUsare mere mArga meM bAdhA na bneN| aura dUsare mArga meM bAdhA na baneM, isakI anivArya pratikriyA yaha hai ki maiM dUsaroM ke mArga meM bAdhA na bnuuN| maiM dUsaroM ke mArga meM kevala unase dveSa karake hI bAdhA nahIM bntaa| unase rAga karake bhI maiM unake mArga meM bAdhA banatA hU~ / kyoMki unase rAga karake maiM unase kucha cAhatA huuN| aura isa prakAra unake adhikAra meM, unake sukha meM saMvibhAgI banatA hU~, unakI svatantratA ko kATatA hU~ / badale meM ve bhI mujhase kucha apekSA karane lagate haiM aura isa prakAra ve merI svatantratA meM bAdhaka banate haiM / svatantratA kA artha hai ki maiM kisI ke bAdhaka na banUM tAki koI mere mArga meM bAdhaka na bne| maiM kisI ke bAdhaka na banUM isakA yaha artha hai ki maiM kisI se dveSa na karU~ aura sAtha hI kisI se kucha apekSA bhI na rakhUM arthAt rAga bhI na kruuN| maiM kisI se kucha apekSA na rakhUM yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba mujhe apanI svayaM kI zakti para vizvAsa ho / mujhe jo kucha prabhAva apane andara khalatA hai, maiM usakI pUrti padArthoM kA saMgraha karake karanA cAhatA hU~ / isa prakAra mere prAntarika prabhAva miTate to nahIM, chipa avazya jAte haiM / kintu Antarika prabhAvoM ko isa prakAra chipA lenA apane kisI roga ko chipA lene kI taraha hai, usase vaha roga zAnta nahIM hotA, andara hI andara gaharA hotA calA jAtA hai / apane Antarika prabhAvoM ko hama bAhya padArthoM ke saMgraha se chipA lete haiM / para isase hamAre Antarika prabhAvoM kI jo tIvra vedanA hai, jo hameM usa grAntarika prabhAva se chuTakArA dilA sakatI thI, vaha vedanA bhI daba jAtI hai / hama mUcchita ho jAte haiM, saMgraha kI mUrcchA se mUcchita / isa prakAra hama apane antara meM saba prabhAvoM kI pUrti bAhyasaMgrahoM se karanA cAhate haiM para bAhya padArthoM kA avalambana hameM svAvalambI nahIM hone detA aura hama yaha Alambana kevala laukika padArthoM kA hI nahIM lete alaukika padArthoM kA bhI lete haiM-- devatAoM kA Alambana, puNya kI zaraNa, zAstra kA prAzraya, Izvara kA mArga meM mArga meM

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AdhAra aura isa prakAra hama hamezA dUsaroM kA muMha tAkate haiN| kabhI bhI hamameM vaha AtmavizvAsa nahIM jaagtaa| hamameM jaba jJAna kA abhAva hotA hai to hama usakI pUrti zAstroM se, guruoM se aura dUsaroM ke upadezoM se sUcanAe~ ikaTThI karake karate haiN| hamameM jaba prema kA abhAva hotA hai, hama jaba sabako apanA nahIM samajha sakate, aura hameM jaba aisA lagatA hai ki badale meM koI hameM bhI apanA nahIM samajhatA, taba hama usa prema anubhava ke abhAva kI pUrti strI, putra aura sambandhiyoM ko apanA samajhakara aura isa bhrama meM rahakara ki ve saba mujhe cAhate haiM, kara lete haiM / para prema karane kA aura prema pAne kA jo alaukika sukha hai, usase hama vaMcita raha jAte haiN| prema usakA nAma hai jo samasta saMsAra ko apane meM samA le aura apane ko samasta saMsAra meM samA de| premI ke hRdaya meM itanA adhika sthAna hotA hai ki usameM samasta saMsAra samA sakatA hai kintu premI ke hRdaya meM ahaM ke lie tanika bhI sthAna nahIM hotaa| premI kA prema rAga se bhinna hai| kyoMki rAga kisI Antarika abhAva kI pUrti ke liye kiyA jAtA hai aura prema antara kI pUrNatA se prasphuTita hotA hai| prema citta ke nirmala ho jAne para usase pravAhita hone vAlI eka aisI sahaja svAbhAvika kriyA hai, jo dUsaroM kI pratikriyA kI apekSA nahIM rkhtii| sUrya meM se prakAza prasphuTita hotA hai| kintu sUrya usa prakAza ke dvArA dUsaroM kI kisI pratikriyA kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa| phUla meM se sugandha nikalatI hai, vaha kisI vyakti vizeSa ke lie nahIM nikalatI, balki isaliye nikalatI hai ki vaha phUla meM hai aura yA to use idhara udhara bikharanA hogA aura nahIM to vaha sugandha phUla meM banda rahakara durgandha bana jaaegii| para vaha gandha kisI ke upakAra ke lie, kisI kI bhalAI ke lie, kisI ko sukha pahu~cAne ke lie nahIM nikalatI aura isalie badale meM kisI se pratyupakAra bhI nahIM caahtii| sUrya aura phUla denA hI jAnate haiM, lenA nahIM jAnate, prema bhI denA hI jAnatA hai, lenA nahIM jaantaa| svayaM prema ko yaha patA bhI nahIM hotA ki vaha de rahA hai isalie usameM yaha ahaMkAra bhI nahIM hotA ki vaha dene vAlA hai aura use yaha AkAMkSA bhI nahIM hotI ki usake upakAra ke badale meM koI usa para upakAra kregaa| aisA prema jaba jIvana meM vyApta ho jAtA hai taba Antarika prabhAvoM kI saccI pUrti ho jAtI hai| ahaMkAra kI gati bar3I sUkSma hai| tyAga kA to ahaMkAra hotA hI hai, ahaMkAra isa bAta kA bhI ho sakatA hai-aura yaha ahaMkAra adhika bhayAnaka hai--ki mujhe ahaMkAra nahIM hai| jaba taka ahaMkAra kA visarjana nahIM hai taba taka prema nahIM hai aura jaba taka prema nahIM hai taba taka na vikAsa hai na puurnntaa| bIja apane ahaMkAra ko khokara

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( 100 ) vRkSa banatA hai aura usameM se phUla' aura phala vikasita hote haiM, saritA apanI sattA ko miTA kara sAgara meM pUrNatA pAtI hai| aura vaha vyakti jisane janma to liyA para ahaMkAra kA visarjana nahIM kiyA, bIja hI banA rahatA hai, vRkSa nahIM banatA / vaha vyakti jisane jIvana pAyA to sahI, kintu apane ahaM ko nahIM khoyA, usakI jIvana-saritA mauta kI marusthalI meM jAkara zuSka ho jAtI hai, kintu pUrNatA ke sAgara meM jAkara ekAkAra nahIM ho sktii|" prema karanA sikhalAyA nahIM jA sakatA aura jise hama sikhalAte haiM, vaha prema nahIM hotA, mAtra eka ziSTAcAra hotA hai| prema hI jIvana kI saritA ko paramAtmA ke samudra taka dhakela kara le jA sakatA hai / dharma bhI sikhalAyA nahIM jA sakatA jise hama sIkhate haiM, vaha mAtra eka ziSTAcAra hotA hai| dharma hI hameM apane svarUpa kA jJAna karA sakatA hai| apane svarUpa kA jJAna kahIM aura se prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| svayaM apanI antaI STi se dekhanA hotA hai| bAhara se prApta kiyA jJAna itanA dhanIbhUta ajJAna hai, ki usameM hameM apane ajJAna kA hI bodha honA baMda ho jAtA hai| jJAna kA prArambha aura anta to AtmasAkSAtkAra para hai| satya kA bodha hara vyakti ko pRthak-pRthak karanA hai kyoMki asatya kA bodha bhI use pRthak-pRthak hI huA hai| saMsAra eka nahIM hai kyoMki vyakti eka nahIM hai aura saMsAra hamAre bAhara nahIM haiM, hamAre andara hai| aura hamArA saMsAra vaha hai, jo hamAre andara hai / yaha saMsAra sabakA pRthak-pRthak hai / isalie isa saMsAra se makti bhI sabakI pRthaka pRthaka hai| jo svatantratA kA banA banAyA mArga sikhalAnA cAhate haiM, ve hameM svatantra nahIM banAte, paratantra banAte haiM kyoMki eka nizcita aura bane banAye mArga para calane meM svatantratA kaisI? rela ko, jise paTarI para hI calanA hai, koI svatantratA nahIM hai| hamArA bodha, hamArA satya kA jJAna, hama se prArambha hogA, zAstra yA guru se nhiiN| + aura pApa bhI hamase hI prArambha hotA hai| pApa kI jvAlA to jahA~ jisa antaHkaraNa meM jalatI hai, use adhika jalAtI hai / yaha dUsarI bAta hai ki usakI ciMgAriyA~ kucha dUsaroM para bhI prabhAva DAleM, para unakA vAstavika prabhAva to svayaM para hotA hai, dUsare ke prati kiyA gayA aparAdha dUsare ke prati kiyA gayA aparAdha nahIM hai, vaha apane prati kiyA gayA aparAdha hai| hamArI apanI hI kisI kaluSita vRtti ke prati ghRNA hama dUsare para Aropita kara lete haiM / pApa kA mUla svayaM meM hai kyoMki pApa kA mUla ajJAna meM hai| ajJAna arthAt sUcanAoM kA abhAva nahIM, pratyuta svayaM ke svarUpa kA ajJAna hai / svayaM kA svarUpa jo hameM

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( 101 ) AtmavizvAsa detA hai, jo hameM apanI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kI dRSTi detA hai, zakti detA hai, aura antataH svatantratA bhI detA hai| . hamane kahA ki hamArA svarUpa sukha rUpa hai / vastutaH yaha itanA satya nahIM hai| satya yaha kahanA hogA ki jo hamArA svarUpa hai, vaha sukha hai| sukha apane Apa meM koI eka svatantra koTi nahIM hai, jo hamameM rahatI ho / pratyuta jo hamArA apanA sahaja svabhAva hai, vaha hameM anukUla par3atA hai, use hI hama sukha kahate haiM aisA kahanA adhika ThIka hogaa| para kI dRSTi se dekheM to dharma kA artha hai ahiMsA aura aparigraha / sva kI dRSTi se dekheM to dharma kA artha hai apramAda aura amUrchA / pramAda meM aura mUrchA meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai| pramAda kA artha hai jIvana kA, jIvana ke pratyeka kSaNa kA pUrNa upabhoga na karanA, bhUta kI kalpanAoM meM yA bhaviSya kI prAzAnoM meM DUbe rahanA aura vartamAna meM soye rahanA para jaba bhaviSya vartamAna banatA hai taba hama usase Age ke bhaviSya kI AzAoM meM khoye rahate haiM aura hamArA vartamAna hamezA hI pramAda meM bIta jAtA hai / aura hamAre isa vartamAna ke pramAda se hamAre jIvana meM jo eka gaharA viSAda chA jAtA hai, usa gahare viSAda ko asthAyI rUpa se hameM pratIta na hone dene meM hamArI mUrchA, hamArI ajAgarUkatA, hamArI sahAyatA karatI hai / yadi hamArI mUrchA TUTa jAya, to hameM apane vartamAna jIvana ko pUrNataH na bhogane kI itanI adhika tIvra vedanA ho ki hama akasmAt har3abar3Akara jAga jAe~, sAvadhAna ho jAe~, hamArA pramAda bhI TUTa jaae| aura yadi hamArA pramAda TUTa jAe to phira hameM koI vedanA hI na raha jAe jise bhulAne ke lie hameM mUcchita rahane kI AvazyakatA raha jaae| aura aisI sthiti meM hama apane meM pUrNa zakti se sthira raha sake, apane svarUpa kA pUrNa upabhoga kara sakeM, taba hamArA brahmacarya, brahma meM AcaraNa saphala hogaa| isa kSaNa meM hameM Atmabodha hogA, joki parama satya hai aura jisa satya ke binA saMsAra ke samasta satya bhI asatya hI haiN| isa kSaNa meM hama meM se eka zAnta, zItala, aAtmavizvAsa se bharI huI dUsare kI pratikriyA se nirapekSa prema kI dhArA pravAhita hogI jisameM na dveSa hogA, na rAga, yaha ahiMsA hai| isa prakAra vahAM ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha pA~coM vratoM kI ekatA hogii| isalie to zAstrakAra yaha mAnate haiM ki pA~coM vrata jaba bhI apanAye jA sakate haiM, eka sAtha pA~coM ke pA~coM apanAye jA sakate haiN| inameM se kisI eka do tIna yA cAra kA zeSa vratoM ko chor3akara pAlana nahIM ho sktaa| isake viparIta jo pramAda aura marchA meM jIvita rahate haiM, ve jIvita nahIM rahate, dhIme dhIme jIvana ke diye ke bujhane kI pratIkSA karate haiM / jIvana kA artha hI hai jJAna / jJAna kA

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artha hI hai jaagruuktaa| jAgarUkatA kA artha hI hai apramAda / aura apramAda kA artha hI hai amUrchA / amUrchA kA artha hI hai brahmasthiti / aura brahmasthiti kA artha hai svasthiti jo saccA svAsthya hai| jahA~ parapadArtha kI apekSA nahIM hai / steya kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| isa prakAra dharma ke jo bhI aMga haiM, ve jIvana dharma haiM, ve jIvana meM jIne ke liye haiM, unake kore adhyayana kA koI artha nahIM hai| una para cintana kA koI artha nahIM hai / unheM vyAvahArika jIvana meM jInA hI unakA adhyayana hai| yahI unakA manana hai / yahI cintana hai| zAkhA FTEPSETTESjIgara jI zamalAkaragaMjaka zAma jAnakInArAmA