Exposition of Pratikramana Sutra

Author(s): Rati Dodhia
Publisher: Rati Dodhia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/007574/1

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EXPOSITION OF PRATIKRAMANA STOTRAS - sAmAyika pa ccaka khA Na) | cha caudvisatyo cau Avazyaka vadana kAyotsarga) pratikramaNa By Rati Dodhia

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Exposition Of Pratikramana Stotra Translation and explanation of Pratikramana Stotras in English By Rati Dodhia

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras By Rati Dodhia First Edition: 2009 A.D (c) All rights reserved by author. However the material in the book may be used for educational purpose or in case of quotations embodied in books, articles and reviews. Front cover designed by Rati Dodhia Copy edited by Dr. Vimal Prakash Jain Typesetting by Pranay Jain Cumberland, RI Printing sponsored by Madhu and Hemendra Raichand Shah Deborah and Venilal Hansraj Sumaria Lalji Khimji Dodhia Family Printed by: M/s. Uchitha Graphic Printer Pvt. Ltd., 65, Ideal Ind. Estate, Lower Parel, Mumbai 4001 013

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DEDICATION In memory of our beloved mother Late Shrimati Hiraben Raichandbhai Shah Hemendra and Shah Family In memory of our beloved mother Late Shrimati Kankuben Hansraj Sumaria Shah Veni and Sumaria Family This book is also dedicated to all the emancipators seeking the right path to ultimate release.

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PREFACE Jaina scriptures have prescribed six necessary duties for a Jaina householder, which are: samayika, chaturvimashati stava, vandanaka, Pratikramana, kayotsarga and pratyakhyana. Pratikramana is the central theme of these necessary duties as all the other five are included in it. It has been a tradition for Swetamber Jains all over the world to do Pratikramana several times a year. The most important being the Samvantsari Pratikramana on the last day of Paryushana when a lay person confesses and atones for the sins committed knowingly or unknowingly during the past year. However, as the sutras and the prayers which are recited during the Pratikramana are mostly in Sanskrit and Prakrit (Ardhmaghdhi), most devotees do not understand the exact meaning behind the sutras and prayers. Excellent Gujarati and Hindi texts are available on this subject but I am not aware of any works in simple English. I must confess that I am not a scholar of Jain Religion and this is not a literary translation. It is my interpretation of the sutras and prayers after going through various texts on this subject written by scholars and very able writers. My purpose of writing this book is to give a simplified unconventional English translation to make it easy for an average reader to understand the meaning of the Pratikramana stotras. This book "Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras" includes the original verses in Gujarati, with transliteration in English followed by as accurate as possible meaning and as clear as possible commentary of the verses. This book will be very helpful to the people who are familiar with the Pratikramana stotras but do not understand the original meanings as they are not well versed in Indian dialects.

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My profound gratitude to my friend Dr. Vimal Prakash Jain, retired professor of Jaina Literature of University of Jabalpur at Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh India for editing the manuscript and offering many valuable suggestions and comments. I am thankful to my niece and nephew Jyotsna and Sudhir Shah for encouragement and support whenever I needed and my friend Pranay Jain for showing lot of patient and help in preparing this manuscript ready for printing. I am also very thankful to my friend Satish Shah for many valuable suggestions and comments. The stotras and the prayers of Pratikramana are not easy to translate as many times there are no equivalent words in English. But I have tried my best to keep the translation as true to the context as possible. In view of this if I have unknowingly misinterpreted the meaning I ask for the forgiveness of the readers and if they have right suggestion to let me know which I can include in any future editions (micchami dukkadam). Rati Dodhia 12 Mitris Blvd. Lincoln RI 02865, USA

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Preface.. Introduction Table of Contents 1. Namukkaro Suttam 2. Panchindiya Sutra 3. Khamasamana Sutra. 4. Ichchhakara sutra 5. Abbhutthio Sutra.... 6. Shri Iriyavahiyam-Airyapathiki Sutra.. 7. Tassa Uttari Sutra 8. Shri Annattha - Agara Sutra 9. Logassa Sutra.... 10. Karemi Bhante Sutra. 11. Samaiya Vayjutto Sutra 12. Jagachintamani Chaityavandan Sutra 13. Shri Jamkinchi Sutra. 14. Namu tthu nam 15. Javanti Cheiaim Sutra 16. Javant ke vi Sahu Sutra 17. Namorhat Sutra.. 18. Uvasaggaharam Stavana Sutra 19. Jaya Viyaraya Sutra ...... 20. Arihantacheiyanam Sutra 21. Kallana kandam Sutra 22. Sansaradava Stuti...... 23. Pukkharavaradivaddhe Sutra. 24. Siddhanam Buddhanam 25. Veyavachchagaranam Sutra. 26. Bhagawanaham Sutram... 27. Devsia Padikkamane Thaum Sutra..... V .7 11 12 13 14 15 17 19 .21 22 24 .27 28 31 31 32 32 34 36 37 39 .41 43 44 45 45

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Table of Contents 28. Ichchhami thami Sutra. 29. Nanammi Sutra. 30. Suguru Vandana Sutra 31. Devasiam Aloum Sutra 32. Sata Lakha Sutra. 33. Adhara Papasthanaka Sutra 34. Vandittu Sutra............ 35. Ayaria Uvajjhae Sutra. 36. Sua Devaya Stuti.. 37. Kshetra Devata Ni Stuti 38. Kamala Dala Stuti. 39. Namostu Varddhamanaya Sutra 40. Vishala Lochana Sutra. 41. Varakanaka Sutra. 42. Shri Bhavana Devata Stuti 43. Kshetra Devata Stuti 44. Addhaijjesu Sutra... 45. Laghu Shanti Stava Sutra. 46. Chaukkasaya Sutra.. 47. Mannaha Jinanam Sajjhaya Sutra 48. Bharahesara Sajjhaya ...... 49. Sakala tirtha Vandana Sutra. Refrences... 46 47 50 52 53 55 .57 .70 71 71 72 72 .74 .75 .75 76 .76 .77 82 82 DL 8 2 84 87 92

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Introduction The pious Jaina householder is expected to perform following six necessary duties every day, these are: 1. Samayika: Practice of unbroken meditative equanimity of the soul. The word samayika is derived from sama, which means well balanced. The one who attains equanimity of mind is free from attachment and aversion. It helps in cleansing and enhancing the conduct attribute (charitra guna) by acquiring right faith and knowledge. The samayika vow is introductory stage to Jaina religious practice of abstinence. 2. Chaturvimashati Stava: Eulogy to 24 Tirthankaras. It helps in cleansing; enhancing and purifying the faith attribute (darshana guna). 3. Vandanaka: Veneration to an ascetic or the congregation of monks. It helps in cleansing and enhancing the knowledge attribute (jnana guna). 4. Pratikramana: Practice of confession and expiation (atonement) of the past misdeeds by recitation of sacred hymns. The word pratikramana means to proceed towards purity by gradually freeing oneself from the harmful activities. According to some authority pratikramana is further classified into 5 different kinds: a) freeing from the sin (asavadarapadikkamana), b) getting rid of ignorance (michchhattapadikamana), c) getting rid of four passions (kashayapadikkamana), d) stepping out of improper thoughts, words and deeds (yogapadikkamane) and e) stepping out of the states of existence (bhavapadikkamane) There are 8 different steps in pratikramana, which a person goes through, these are: A. Pratikramana: To confess B. Praticharana: To practice restraint

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras C. Pratiharana: To be vigilant to protect the right conduct. D. Varana: To keep control over the senses. E. Nivrutti: To retreat within F. Ninda: To reprehend one-self for any improper actions. G. Graha: To reprehend in front of a monk or a spiritual teacher. H. Shuddhi: To cleanse by atonement or by performing penances. 5. Pratyakhyana: Practice of self-denial by recitation of hymns to ward off future faults. It is a gradual process of renunciation. The fulfillment of 5 major vows and lesser vows, practice of spiritual vows of self discipline (guna vrata) and self mortification (shiksha vrata) all fall within the scope of pratyakhyana. It helps in cleansing and enhancing the austerity and inner strength (tapachara and viryachara). 6. Kayotsarga: Rite of abandonment of body for improper deeds (atichara) for a limited time. A person who practices the kayotsarga is required to keep his mind, body and speech under perfect restraint. From time point of view it is concerned with the present. It helps in cleansing and enhancing the inner strength (viryachara). "Atitam padikkamami, paduppannam samvaremi, anagayam pachchkkhami." I step out of past (pratikramana), I practice selfrestraint with regard to the present (kayotsarga); I practice abstinence with regards to future (pratyakhyana). The purpose of performing the pratikramana is to eradicate the effects of past misdeeds, while the purpose of practicing pratyakhyana is to stop possibility of committing sins in future and the purpose of atoning by kayotsarga is to cleanse the sins of present time. All these six essential duties should be carefully studied and systematically practiced with the intention of clearing the path of progress of an aspirant towards the attainment of emancipation.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras By practicing these six essential duties one cleanses and enhances the five categories of ethical behavior (achara). Important points to remember while performing daily Essential duties: 1. Pronounce each word with clarity and never try to rush. 2. Recite each prayer, hymn and Stotra in a soft melodious voice. 1. Namukkaro Suttam Object: Deepest salutations to the five most auspicious beings. Sutra and Meaning: namo arihaMtANaM, namo siddhANaM, namo AyariyANaM, namo uvajajhAyANa, namo loe savvasAhUNaM, eso paMca namukkAro, savvapAvappaNAsaNo, maMgalANaM ca savaeNsiM, paDhamaM havaI maMgala. namo arihantanam, namo siddhanam, namo airiyanam, namo uvajjhayana, namo loe savva sahunan, eso pancha namokkaro, savva pavappanasano, mangala nacha savvesim, padhamam havai mangalam. I bow to the perfect embodied souls (Arihanta), I bow to the liberated souls (Siddha), I bow to the heads of congregation (Acharya), I bow to the ascetic teachers (Upadhyaya), and I bow to all the monks (Sadhu). This five-fold salutation destroys all the sins. Of all the auspicious recitations. It is the first and the foremost. Explanation: Navakara Mantra is also known as Namaskara Mantra and Namokara Mantra. Navakara Mantra is composed of nine sentences (padas). It is the most revered mantra in Jaina religion. In first and second sentences, we pay our respect to perfect souls. In the third, fourth and fifth sentences we pay respect to the monks. The remaining four sentences explain the importance of this prayer. Some Jain traditions do not include the last four

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras sentences in Navakara Mantra. The first seven padas each has a separate meaning while last two padas together have one meaning, thus for nine padas there are eight meanings (sampada). There are 68 whole letters in the original Prakrit version of the Navakara Mantra. These are the five supreme beings (parmeshthis), who are revered in this Mantra. Arihanta: Siddha is the highest stage of bliss even above the state of Arihanta but in the Navakara Mantra, obeisance is offered first to Arihanta because they are perfect worldly souls, builders of the ford of righteousness, establishers of the four fold order of the Jaina community and they devote their lives in preaching and guiding other living beings to the path of liberation. Lord Arihanta has 12 attributes; which are made up of 8 auspicious symbols (pratiharya) and 4 extra ordinary powers (atishaya). Twelve attributes of Arihanta are as follows: 1. Inanatishaya: Omniscience, the perfect knowledge of past, present and future of the entire Universe at the same time. 2. Apayapagamatishaya: Lord Arihanta is free from all the faults and where ever he travels there is absence of all natural calamities and diseases within the area of 125 Yojanas (1 Yojana equals 4 miles) surrounding him. 3. Pujatishaya: All celestial beings and humans either worship or have desire to worship Lord Arihanta. 4. Vachanatishaya: The speech of Lord Arihanta is 'The Reality' itself and well understood by celestial beings, humans and animals in their own mode of expression (native tongue) and has 35 special qualities. 5. Ashoka Vruksha: Where a divine assembly hall is built, a tree called Ashoka Vruksha, twelve times larger than the body of Lord Arihanta, is created by celestial beings. Lord Arihanta delivers his universal sermon sitting under this tree. Over Ashoka Vruksha, there is another tree called Chaitya Vruksha. It is under this

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Chaitya Vruksha lord Arihanta acquires perfect knowledge (Kevaljnana). 6. Sura-pushpa vrushti: Shower of fragrant flowers by celestial beings. 7. Divya dhvani: The discourse of Lord Arihanta is accompanied by divine music in the background played by celestial beings. 8. Chamara: whisk 9. Sinhansana: A divine golden throne studded with precious diamonds 10. Bhamandala: Halo behind the head of Tirthankara 11.Devadudumbhi: The celestial beings play the musical instruments during the samovsharana. 12. Chhatra: Divine three-tiered parasol above Tirthankara's head. Of the above 12, 1 to 4 is extraordinary powers (atishaya) and 5 to 12 are symbols (pratiharya). Siddha: Siddhas are liberated souls and are absolutely free from the cycles of birth and death forever. The liberated souls live in an abode called Siddha-shila located at the top of the universe. Lord Siddha has 8 attributes. 8 attributes of Siddhas are as follows: 1. Ananta-jnana: Infinite knowledge due to destruction of knowledge obscuring (jnanavarniya) karma 2. Ananta Darshana: Infinite perception due to destruction of perception obscuring (darshanavarniya) karma. 3. Avyabadha-sukha: Eternal bliss due to destruction of feeling producing (vedniya) karma. 4. Ananta-charitra: Perfect conduct due to destruction of deluding (mohaniya) karma. 5. Akshaya-sthiti: Imperishable state due to destruction of age determining (ayu) karma.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 6. Arupitva: Formlessness due to destruction of name determining (nama) karma. 7. Aguru-Laghutva: Not to heavy, not to light, a balanced immaterial form due to destruction of class determining (gore) karma. 8. Ananta-virya: Infinite energy due to destruction of energy restrictor (virya antaraya) karma. Acharya: Head of monastic congregation. Acharya has 36 attributes. For a detailed discussion of Acharya see the sutra number 2 page 7. Upadhyaya: Ascetic preceptor. Upadhyaya has 25 attributes. 25 attributes of Upadhyaya are as follows: Mastery of 11 Anga Agamas, 12 Upanga Agamas, 1 Charanasittari (Text which deals in code of conduct) and 1 karanasittari. (Text, which deals in performing rituals and activities). Sadhus and Sadhvis: Monks and nuns who have taken vows of poverty (diksha). Sadhus have 27 attributes. 27 attributes of Sadhus and Sadhvis are as follows: Observe strictly five major vows (5) Do not eat before sunrise and after sunset (6) Give protection to six categories of living beings (chha kaya jivas), i.e. one to five sensed living beings. (7-12) Keep control on pleasures derived from any of the five senses (1317) Avoid greed (18) Forgive others (19) Keep clear conscious (20) Honest in dealing with personal clothes (21) Practice five-fold vigilance (samiti) and three-fold self-control (gupti) (22) Keep control over mental faculties (23)

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Keep control over speech (24) Keep control over physical actions (25) Endure hardships (26) Endure calamities (27) In total there are 108 attributes of 5 supreme beings (Paramesthi) 2. Panchindiya Sutra Guru Sthapana Sutra Object: Recitation of 36 attributes of head of congregation. Sutra and Meaning: paMciMdiyasaMvaraNo, taha navavihabaMbharavuttidhaze, cauvihakasAyamuka, I aThArasaguNahiM saMjItto. 1 panhchindiya samvarano, taha nava viha bambhachera guttidharo; chauviha kasaya mukko, ia attharasa gunehim sanjutto. Spiritual master possesses full control over the five senses, he observes total celibacy in nine prescribed ways and he is free from four types of passions. These are the eighteen attributes. paMcamahalvayajutto, pacavihAyArapAlaNasAMtyo, paMcasamio tigutto, chattIsaguNo gurU majajha. 2 pancha mahavvaya jutto, pancha viha yara palana samattho. pancha samio ti gutto, chhattisa guno guru majjha. 2 He observes, the five major vows, he has ability to practice five categories of ethical behavior; he is endowed with five-folded vigilance and three folded self-control. Such is my spiritual master with these 36 attributes. 2 Explanation: This hymn is recited to invoke spiritual master and therefore it is also known as Sthapana (invocation) Sutra; Panchindiya Sutra is the 91st and 92nd stanza of the text "Sambodha Prakarana" authored by Acharya Haribhadra Suri. Presence of an ascetic teacher is essential while performing the

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras rituals. Any religious activity, especially Samayika and Pratikramana, are most beneficial when performed in the presence of an ascetic teacher. When it is not possible to have the presence of an ascetic teacher, a holy book, preferably containing Navakara Mantra, Panchindiya Sutra, a religious symbol or a picture of an ascetic teacher can be placed on a wooden stand at a certain height (between the nose and the navel), as a symbolic representation of the ascetic preceptor. 8 It is very important to keep the image of spiritual master in mind while performing the rituals; otherwise performing religious activities is fruitless and does not produce true beneficial effects. Acharya: Acharya is the spiritual head of the monastic congregation (monastic order, Sangha). Acharya has following 36 attributes: Control over pleasures and pains of the five-sense organs. The five sense organs are; skin (touch), tongue (taste), nose (smell), eyes (sight) and ears (hearing). The categories of each sense are: 1. Eight types of touches: cold, warm, soft, hard, large/heavy, small/light, smooth and rough. 2. Five types of tastes: hot, bitter, rusty, sour and sweet. 3. Two types of odors: pleasant and foul. 4. Five types of colors: black, green, red, yellow and white, and 5. Three types of hearings: live (sachitta), through some media (achitta) and mixed (misra). Nine ways prescribed to observe total celibacy are: a. One should not stay where there are women, animals and eunuchs, b. One should not talk to women in a passionate manner, c. a man should occupy seat previously occupied by a woman after a minimum of 48 minutes (2 ghadi) and a woman should wait for 9 hours (3 prahar) before occupying a seat previously occupied by a

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras man, d. One should not look at woman with insinuating glances, e. One should not sit close to a wall where couples are sleeping or engaged in passionate conversation, f. One should not remember previous passionate encounters, g. One should not eat tasty or intoxicating food, h. One should not overeat and i. One should not adorn the body in any way. Free from four passions (Kashayas): Kashaya means passion. Kasha means worldly existence, aya means profit. That which promotes the worldly existence is kashaya. The four types of passions are: Anger (krodha), pride (mana), deceit (maya) and greed (lobha). These four passions are the worst enemies to a person's spiritual advancement. Observes strictly the five greater vows: 1. Nonviolence (Pranatipata Viramana Mahavrata): Total nonviolence, in thoughts, words, and deeds 2. Truthfulness (Mrushavada Viramana Mahavrata): Always speak complete truth. 3. Non-stealing (Adattadana Viramana Mahavrata): Take only those things, which are duly given 4. Celibacy (Maithuna Viramana Mahavrata): Observe total celibacy. 5. Non-possessiveness (Parigraha Viramana Mahavrata): Possess only bare necessities like clothing and vessels to accept alms. (Sadhus of Digambar sects do not wear any clothes because they consider clothes also as possessions). Practice of five categories of ethical behaviors (panchachara): 1. Ethical behavior pertaining to right knowledge (Jnanachara): To study and teach religious scriptures, to write and encourage others to write and publish religious scriptures and, to take proper and due care of religious books is Jnanachara.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 2. Ethical behavior pertaining to right faith (Darshanachara): To understand the preaching of Jina beyond any doubts. Respect and honor Jina and the path of liberation shown by Jina. 3. Ethical behavior pertaining to right conduct (Charitrachara): To observe right conduct, encourage and help other monks to do the same. 10 4. Ethical behavior pertaining to austerities (Tapachara): To observe austerities and encourage and help others observe austerities. There are two types of austerities; external austerities (Bahya tapa), which are related to voluntary endurance of hardships and restrictions of bodily pleasures and internal austerities (Abhyantara Tapa), which directly affect the karmas and help, shed karmas. External austerities (Bahya Tapa) are: Fasting (Anashana), partial fasting (Unodari), limiting number of food items for consumption (Vrutti-Sankshepa), avoiding or limiting consumption of tasty foods (Rasa-tyaga), voluntary endurance of physical hardships (Kaya klesha) and controlling and limiting other pleasures (Pratisanlinata) Internal austerities (Abhyantara Tapa) are: Repentance for mental, verbal, and physical wrong deeds (Prayashchitta), humility (Vinaya), selfless service to Sadhu, Sadhvi, and elders (Vaiavachcha), study of religious scriptures (Swadhyaya), meditation (Dhyana) and abandonment of material things and passions (Vyutsarga). 5. Ethical behavior pertaining to mental, verbal, and physical abilities or strength (Viryachara): To use mental, verbal, and physical abilities properly and constantly engage in spiritual activities without a moment of laziness. The path of five-fold vigilance (Samiti): These are carefulness in walking (Irya Samiti), talking (Bhasha Samiti), eating (Eshana Samiti), putting down any objects like clothing, pots and pans etc.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras (Adana-Bhanada-Matta- Nikshepana Samiti) and disposal of bodily discharges (Parshtha Panika Samiti) The path of three folds self-control (gupti): These include refraining from all the harmful activities of thoughts (Mano Gupti), speech (Vachana Gupti) and body (Kaya Gupti). Summary of 36 attributes: Control over five-sense organs 5 Observance of celibacy in nine ways 9 Free from four passions 4 The above 18 are observed by giving up all harmful activities (tyaga swarup). Commitment to five major vows Observation of five categories of ethical behavior 5 Carefulness in five activities 5 and Restrain of thought, speech, and bodily activities 3 The remaining 18 are observed by taking up restraints (Swikar swarup). 3. Khamasamana Sutra Panchanga Pranipata Sutra Object: To pay respect to god and the spiritual master. Sutra and meaning: IcchAmi khamAsaNo! vaMdiuM jAvaNijajAe, nisAhiAe, matyaeNa vaMdAmi. ichchhami khama-samano! vandium, javanijjae nisihiae, matthaena vandami Oh! Holy master! To best of my ability, discarding all sinful activities and with my head bowed down, I want to pay my respect to you. Explanation: Holy masters have many attributes out of which forgiveness is the foremost; therefore they are also called Kshmashramana (monks of forgiving nature). As while paying

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras respect one bows down touching five body parts; the head, both hands and knees on the ground, it is also called Panchanga Pranipata Sutra. 4. Ichchhakara sutra Object: To enquire about the welfare of the spiritual master during his journey on the path of righteousness. Sutra and Meaning: IcchakArA suharAI? sahadevasi? sukhatApa? zarIra nirAbAdha sukha saMjama jAtrA, nirvaho chojI? svAmI! zAtA che jI? bhAta pANIno lAbha dejojI. ichchhakara! suha rai? suha-devasi? sukha tapa? Sharira nirabadha? sukha sanjama jatra nirvaho chho ji? swami! sata chhe ji? bhat pani no labha dejo ji Oh! Master! I hope and wish you were comfortable during night and day and while performing austerity, keeping in good health and following the path of righteousness. Oh master are you in peace? Will you please do me favor and accept the alms? Explanation: Spiritual preceptor (guru) in Jain religion is defined as one who rejects the mundane existence and follows the path of liberation. What is importance of spiritual preceptor? If we look into past every great person had a preceptor (guru) for proper guidance. Without his guidance it is not possible to achieve anything. Always respect him, serve him to best of your ability and ask his permission and act according to his instruction to start any religious activity.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 5. Abbhutthio Sutra Gurukhamana Sutra Object: Asking forgiveness from the spiritual master. Sutra and Meaning: IcchAkAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan! albudghiomi abhiMtara devasiai khAmeuM? Icche, khAmemi devasiaM. 1 ichchhakarena sandisaha bhagavan! abbhutthiomi, abbhintara-devasiam khameum? ichchham, khamemi devasiam. 1 13 Give me permission willingly oh lord! I have come forward to seek forgiveness for the sins I may have committed on this day. (As the master willingly gives permission) As per the permission, I seek forgiveness for the sins I may have committed on this day. 1 jaMkiMci apattiaM, paraMpattiaM, bhatte, pANe, viNae, veyAvacce, AlAve, saMlAve, uccAsaNe, samAsaNe, aMtarabhAsAe, uvaribhAsAe. 2 jamkinchi apattiam, para-pattiam, bhatte, pane; vinae, veyavachche, alave, samlave, uchchasane, samasane, antarabhasae, uvaribhasae. 2 I seek forgiveness for whatever unfriendly or excessively unfriendly acts I may have committed this day in regard to eating and drinking, in regard to modesty (vinaya) and respect (vaiyavrttya), in regard to speech and conversation, in regard to seating myself at a higher or at the same level as you, or in interrupting you when you are speaking, or created bad feelings, or excessively bad feelings by exaggerating in what you have said. 2 jaMkiMci ma viNaya parihINa suhuma vA, bAyara vA, turbhe jANaha aha na jANAmi, tassa micchAmi dukkaDa. 3 jamkinchi majjha vinaya-parihinam, suhumam va bayaram va tubbhe janaha, aham na janami, tassa michchhami dukkadam. 3 Whatever little or great disrespect I may have shown, which you know but I am not aware, may those wrongful deeds be forgiven and become fruitless. 3

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Explanation: This sutra shows respect and feelings to the spiritual master by a householder who wishes to confess for all the forbidden things he may have done and all the duties that he may have not performed, all the violations of the twelve vows, all the offences against right faith, knowledge and conduct, all evils as a result of possessions, all actions motivated by passions and hate, partiality for false creeds and dissemination of false dogmas, and all wrong done in course of daily business or household duties. 6. Shri Iriyavahiyam-Airyapathiki Sutra Iriyavahiya Sutam Object: Asking forgiveness for the injuries caused to all living beings while moving around. Sutra and Meaning: IcchA kAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan! IriyAvahiyaM parikramAmi? Iccha, IcchAmi paDimiuM. 1 IriyAvahiyAe virAhaNAe. ra Ichchhakarena sandisaha bhagavan! Iriyavahiyam padikkamami? ichchham, ichchhami padikkamium. 1 iriyavahiyae, virahanae. 2 Oh lord! Grant me your permission willingly. I want to repent for any injury I may have caused on the path of my movement. Permission granted (master says) 1-2 gamaNA gamaze. 3 pANakkamaNe, bIcakkamae, hariyaThThamaNe, osA-uniMga, paga daga maTTI-makaDA SALILL-45 45.7 gamanagamane. 3 pana-kkamane, biya-kkamane, hariya-kkamane, osa-uttinga, panaga-daga, matti-makkada-santana-sankamane. 4 In coming and in going, in treading on living beings, in treading on seeds, in treading on green plants, in treading on dew (osa), on beetles (uttinga), on mold (panaga), on moist earth {which

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras contains water bodies (apa-kayas) and earth bodies (prithvikayas)}, and on cobwebs. 3-4 je me jIvA virAhiyA. 5 ebiMdiyAM, beIdiyA, teIkriyA, cauriMdiyA, paMciMdiyA. 7 je me jiva virahiya. 5 egindiya, beindiya, teindiya, chaurindiya, panchindiya. 6 Whatever living organisms with one or two or three or four or five senses, 5-6 abhihayA, vattiyA, lesiyA, saMghAIyA, saMghaTTiyA, paricAviyA, kilAmiyA, udviyA, ThANAo ThANa, saMkAmiyA, jIviyAo vavaroviyA, tassa micchAmi dukkaDaM. 7 abhihaya, vattiya, lesiya, sanghaiya, sanghattiya, pariyaviya, kilamiya, uddaviya, thanao thanam, sankamiya, jiviyao vavaroviya, tassa michchhami dukkadam. 7 Have been injured by me or knocked over or crushed or squashed or touched or mangled or hurt or distressed or moved from one place to another or deprived of life. May all that evil done by me be forgiven and become fruitless. 7 Explanation: "Iriya-patha" means the path of one's movement from place to place. As the primary violation of this activity is injury or destruction of any form of life, one recites this poem to ask for forgiveness. 7. Tassa Uttari Sutra 15 Object: Additional efforts to further purify the impurities. Sutra and Meaning: tassa uttarIkaraNeNaM, pAyacchitta karaNeNaM, visohI karaNeNaM, visallI karaNeNaM, pAvANa kammANa nigdhAyaNaTThAe ThAmi kAussagga, tassa uttari-karanenam, payachchhitta-karanenam, visohikaranenam, visalli-karanenam, pavanam kammanam, nigghayanatthae, thami kaussaggam.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Making an additional effort, to repent, to cleanse the soul by extracting evil out of myself, I stand in body-abandonment posture (Kayotsarga). 16 Explanation: Reciting the iriyavahiyam sutra will purify the impure soul; but some sins may still persist, which are destroyed by reciting the tassa uttari sutra. Our soul is pierced with sins, to extract the sins out we have to perform the following acts: Make additional efforts, repent and reproach and resort to path of three spiritual jewels. To perform the above-mentioned activities, it is important to perform the bodyabandonment posture (Kayotsarga). Uttarikarana means act of additional effort; prayaschitkarana means act of confession by repentance and reproach; vishodhikarana means act of resorting to the path of right faith, knowledge and conduct (the three spiritual jewels) to prevent any further perverted attitudes and acts by evilness. Vishalyikarana means eliminating the sins from the soul forever by performing all the above activities so that they can never return. It is very important to perform all religious ceremonies with pure and clear conscious, this is achieved by performing a form of meditation in which a person abandons his body and concentrates on the soul (kayotsarga). If a person performs atonement (pratikramana) with pure intentions, not only he can get rid of all the sins committed during that day but also his karmic bonds of many past births are also destroyed. Laghu Pratikramana means short Pratikramana.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 8. Shri Annattha - Agara Sutra Kaussaggasutam Object: Description of the pledges, exceptions, and time limit during body-abandonment posture (kayotsarga). Sutra and Meaning: annatya UsieNe, nIsieNe, khAsieNa, chINa, jaMbhAIeNe, uphaDueNa vAcanisagUNa, bhamalIe pittamucchAe. 1 annattha-usasienam, nisasienam, khasienam, chhienam, jambhaienam, udduenam, vaya-nisaggenam, bhamalie, pittamuchchhae. 1 With the exception of inhaling and exhaling, coughing and sneezing, yawning and hiccoughing, passing wind, giddiness, and swooning. 1 suhuhiM aMgasaMcAlehiM, suhumehiM khelasaMcAlehiM, suhumehiM diThi saMcAlehiM, ra suhumehim anga-sanchalehim, suhumehim khela-sanchalehim, suhumehim ditthisanchalehim. 2 Very slight movement of the body, swallowing of the saliva or phlegm and subtle movement of the eyes. 2 evamAIhiM, AgArehi amo avirahio huja me kAussagago. 3 evamaiehim agarehim, a-bhaggo a-virahio, hujja me kaussaggo. 3 During these and other involuntary movements, may my bodyabandonment posture be unbroken and unimpaired? 3 jAva arihaMtANa, bhagavaMtANa, namukkAreNa na pAremi. 4 java arihantanam bhagavantanam, namukkarenam na paremi. 4 Until I have completed the recitation of the Namokara mantra to the blessed Arhats. 4 tAva kArya, ThANeNa, moNeNaM, jhANeNaM, appANa vosirAmi. 5 tava kayam, thanenam monenam, jhanenam appanam vosirami. 5 Till then I shall cast aside my body in the standing position, in silence and in meditation. 5 Explanation: What does expiatory rite (prayaschitta) mean?

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras That which purifies the mind. (Prayas means that which is in general, chitta means purifies the mind). The other involuntary movements, which are major exceptions, are: a. When one has to move from one's place and posture due to natural calamities like fire, lightening, earth quakes and others, b. to save a living creature e.g., mouse from claws of a cat, c. because of unexpected attack by robbers or molestation by wild animals like snake bites and others, or d. forced to move by order of higher authority. Thus, there are 12 minor exceptions and 4 major interruptions of Kayotsarga. Kayotsarga: The word 'Kayotsarga' is the Sanskrit translation of the Prakrit word 'Kaussagga'. It means the undisturbed abandonment of the body. It is defined as standing in silent in meditation motionless except the involuntary movements of the body such as breathing, for a fixed duration until the Namokara mantra is recited by loudly saying "Namo Arihantanam." Kayotsarga may be performed either with Pratikramana or for the sake of mastery over oneself, i.e. victory over calamities. The duration of Kayotsarga is specified in terms of respiratory cycles. One respiratory cycle equals one deep breath in and one deep breath out. Concentrating on breathing cycles helps achieve deep concentration necessary for meditation. The most common duration of Kayotsarga is 25 respiratory cycles. Kayotsarga should be done without committing any of the following 19 errors: Standing either on one leg or keeping the leg in a crooked position (ghotakadosha), taking support of a pole or wall while sitting (stambahadosha), touching the ceiling with head (maladosha), keeping feet apart (nigaddosha), sitting with toes or heels touching each other (uddhidosha), keeping hands on the private parts (shabaridosha), holding the whisk in a wrong position (khalinadosha), keeping head bowed down (vadhudosha), covering the navel area and area below the knees with a cloth (lambottaradosha) , covering the chest (for man only)

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras (stanadosha) , counting the time period of Kayotsarga by fingers or by movements of eyelids (bhamuhangulidosha) , moving the eyeballs like a crow (vayasadosha), moving the head side ways (shira:kampa dosha), making (hun-hun) noise like a dumb person (mukadosha), speaking incoherently like a drunk (madiradosha), making movements like a monkey (prekshyadosha), hiding clothes soiled by perspiration (kapitthadosha), swaying the body (latadosha) and covering the whole body (sayantidosha). Women are allowed to keep down the head, cover the chest, the legs and the whole body. 9. Logassa Sutra Namastava Sutra Object: Eulogy of 24 Tirthankaras of Bharata Kshetra of the present cycle. Sutra and Meaning: logassa ujajo agare, ghammativaiyare jirNa, arihaMte kinnaITsa, cakavIsaMpi kevalI. 1 logassa ujjoagare, dhammatitthayare jine; arihante kittaissam, chauvisampi kevali. 1 I praise the twenty-four Jinas, the illuminators of the entire Universe, the conquerors of attachment and aversion, the bearers of perfect knowledge, and builders of ford of righteousness. 1 usabha majiyaM ca vade, saMbhava maNidaNa ca sumaI ca, paumauha supAsa, jirNa ca cadambaI va. usabhamajiam cha vande, sambhava-mabhinandanam cha sumaim cha. pauma-ppaham supasam, jinam cha chandappaham vande. 2 I bow to Rushabhdeva, Ajitnatha, Sambhavanatha, Abhinandana Swami, Sumatinatha, Padmaprabha, Suparshvanatha Swami, and Chandraprabha Swami. 2 suvihiM ca puta, sIala sijarjasa vAsupujajaM ca, vimalamaNata ca jirNa, ghamma saMti ca vaTAmi. 3 suvihim cha puppha-dantam, siala-sijjansa-vasupujjam cha; vimalamanantam cha jinam, dhammam santim cha vandami. 3

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras I bow to Pushpadanta (Suvidhinatha), Shitalnatha, Shreyansnatha, Vasupujya, Vimalnatha, Anantnatha, Dharamnatha and Shantinatha. 3 kuMthu ara ca malli, vaMde muNisuvvayaM namijiNa ca, vAmi rionemi, pAsa taha vastumANe ca. 4 kunthum aram cha mallim, vande muni-suvvayam nami-jinam cha; vandami rittha-nemim, pasam taha vaddhamanam cha. 4 I bow to Kunthunatha, Aranatha, Mallinatha, Munisuvarata Swami, Naminatha, Neminatha (Arishtanemi), Parshvanatha and Mahavira Swami. 4 evuM mae abhithuA, vihucarayamalA, pahINajamaraNA, cauvIsaMpi jiNavA, tityayarA me pasIyatu. 5 20 evam mae abhithua, vihuya-raya-mala pahina-jara-marana. chau-visam pi jinavara, Tittha-yara me pasiyantu. 5 Thus I have praised the twenty-four Jinas who have shaken off impurities and defilements and eliminated old age and death once for all; may they be gracious to me. 5 kittiya paMkriya mahiyA, je e logassa uttamA siddhA, ArUgga bohilAbha, samAhivaramuttamaM kiMtu. 7 kittiya-vandiya-mahiya, je e logassa uttama siddha. arugga-bohilabham, samahi-varamuttamam dintu. 6 May they, the Siddhas, the noblest of all beings, give me enlightenment and tranquility and final release, they who have been praised and worshiped and adored by the Indras and the celestial beings and are the supreme perfect souls (siddhas) in the Universe, for betterment of my soul grant me the right faith and the purest form of meditation. 6 caMdesu nimmalayarA. AIeMsu ahiMya payAsayA, sAgaravaragaMbhIrA, siddhA siddhi mama disaMtu. 7 chandesu nimmala yara, aichchesu ahiyam payasa-yara; sagara-vara-gambhira, siddha siddhim mama disantu. 7 Purer than the moons, more radiant than the suns, and profound as the oceans, may Perfected ones (siddhas) grant me final release. 7 Explanation: Logassa Sutra is also known as 'Chaturvimshati Stava' or 'Chauvisatthaya.' By reciting Logassa Sutra, one adores and offers obeisance to the 24 Tirthankaras. There are 6 necessary

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras duties prescribed in Jaina texts, which a householder traditionally performs in morning and evening everyday. These necessary duties (avashyaka) are: 1.Samayika-practice of meditation. 2. Chaturvimshati Stava-praise of 24 Tirthankaras. 3. Vandanapaying respect to monks. 4. Pratikramana-Atonement by recitation of the set form of prayers for confession of faults committed in the past. 5. Kayotsarga-the rite of abandonment of the body for limited time. And 6. Pratyakhyana-Renouncement by recitation of the set form of prayers for fending of future faults, generally expressed in the form of dietetic restrictions like fasting etc. Rushabhdeva invented the fire, method of warfare, divided the society into different groups on the basis of their profession and various arts. 10. Karemi Bhante Sutra Pachchkkhana Sutra Object: To achieve natural state of asceticism Sutra and Meaning: karemi bhaMte! sAmAIya, sAvaje joga paccakakhAmi, jAva niyama pajajuvAsAmi, duvihaM tivihoNa, maNaNa vAyAe kANa, na karemi, na kAravemi, tassa bhate. paDikramAmi, niMdAmi, garihAmi, aprANa vosirAmi. karemi bhante! samaiyam, savajjam jogam pachchakkhami; java niyamam pajjuvasami, duviham tivihenam, manenam, vayae, kaenam, na karemi, na karavemi, tassa bhante! padikkamami, nindami garihami, appanam vosirami. Oh lord! I am now going to perform meditation (samayika) and give up all harmful activities (pratyakhyana). For as long as I am in meditation, I shall not commit any harmful activities by mind, speech or body or get them done by others; and, I confess, reprehend and repent for the sins committed in past, and I cast

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras aside my body for the forgiveness of sins committed by my soul (Kayotsarga). Explanation: Samayika is an exercise to attain (aya) the equanimity or tranquility of mind (sama). It is a process by which activities of mind, speech and body become one with the soul with cessation of harmful activities and concentration on pious activity. All the six essential duties in a very subtle way are included in this verse (sutra). Performing meditation (samayika) is the first necessary duty, the word "Bhante" in first verse represents adoration of 24 Tirthankaras (second duty), the word "Bhante" in last verse represents respect (vandana) to the monks (third duty), repentance of past sins is atonement (pratikramana) (fourth duty), to cast aside the sinful soul is Kayotsarga (fifth duty) and not to commit the sinful activities in future is pratyakhyana (the sixth duty). While performing samayika a householder is in reality practicing the asceticism for a period of 48 minutes. Ninda and graha both mean same thing; but ninda is reproach done by oneself, while graha is condemnation voiced in presence of a preceptor for redemption from the mistakes committed i Recitation of this sutra is the beginning of samayika. A layperson takes vows of not committing or asking some one else to commit sinful acts, while monks in addition have also to take the vow not to approve any sinful act committed by others. past. 11. Samaiya Vayjutto Sutra Object: To ask for forgiveness for any harmful activities committed repeatedly while performing samayika. Sutra and Meaning: sAmAIya vayajuro, nava maNe hoI niyama saMjutto, chinnaI asuhaM kamma, sAmAIya, jattiAvara. 1 samaiya vayajutto, java mane hoi niyamasanjutto. chhinnai a-suham kammam, samaiya jattia vara. 1

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras As long as a person performs samayika maintaining full control over all his threefold actions i.e. of mind, speech and body, all the harmful karmas continue to be destroyed. 1 sAmAIaMmi ukae, samaNo Iva sAvao havaI jaSThA, eeNa kAraNeNa, bahuso sAmAIa kujA. 2 samaiyammi u kae, samano iva savao havai jamha .eena karanenam, bahuso samaiyam kujja. 2 In a samayika a layperson becomes like an ascetic and for that reason alone it should be performed often. 2 sAmAIka vidhie lIdhuM, vidhie pAyuM, vidhi karatAM je koI avidhi huo hoya, te savi huM mana vacana kAyAe karI micchAmi dukkaDa. 3 samayika vidhie lidhun, vidhie paryun, vidhi kartan je koi avidhi huo hoi, te savi hun mana, vachana, kayae kari michchhami dukkadam. 3 While taking vow, performing and or completing samayika, if I have committed any faults of mind, speech and body and caused any harm to any living being, may those faults be forgiven and become fruitless. 3 daza mananA, daza vacananA, bAra kAyAnA e batrIsa doSomAMhi je koI doSa lAgyo hoya te savi huM mana vacana kAyAe karI micchAmi dukkaDaM. 4 dash manana, dash vachanana, bar kayana ae batrisha dosomahi je koi dosha lagyo hoi te savi hun mana, vachana, kayae kari michchhami dukkadam. 4 If I have committed any of the 32 faults, which include, 10 of mind, 10 of speech and 12 of body, may those violations be forgiven and become fruitless. 4 Explanation: Samayika is performed for a period of 48 minutes, because generally a layperson can stay in that state without loosing concentration at the most for 48 minutes. If one is capable that person can do three samayika continuously without break. If one intends to do more than three samayikas one should take a break after three and start afresh the next samayika. Some classify the violations of samayika vow in following five major categories:

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24 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 1. Violation of mind (mano-dushpranidhana): It means a failure to surrender the mind to meditation. The mind gets distracted as a result of anger, greed, deceit, pride and envy. 2. Violation of Speech (vag-duspranidhana): Use of harsh, hurtful or indecent words. Mispronounce, misunderstand or recite sutra hesitantly. 3. Violation of body (kaya-dushpranidhana): Failure to inspect the ground or object used while doing samayika, for presence of living creatures (pratilekhana) and removing such living creatures (pramarjana) by means of a whisk (rajoharana) or with the soft flap of a garment. 4. Forgetfulness of samayika (smrty-akarana): Inability to remember time when samayika is to be performed or whether or not it has been performed. 5. Instability in Samayika (anavasthita-karana): Failure to observe the proper formalities in carrying out the samayika or to give it up halfway, or to take food immediately after it is finished. 12. Jagachintamani Chaityavandan Sutra Object: Veneration to all the Jain temples, Jinas' images, Tirthankaras (of past, present and future) and their attributes. Sutra and Meaning: IcchAkAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan! caityavaMdana karuM? Iccha. jagaciMtAmaNi jaganAha, jagaguru jagaraphakhaNa, jagabaMdhava jagasatyavAha, jaga bhAva viaphakhaNa, aThAvaya saThavica ruva tava kammaTha viNAsaNa, cakavIsapi jiNavara jayaMtu, apaDihaya sAsaNa. 1 ichchhakarena sandisaha bhagwan! chaityavandana karun? ichchham. jaga-chintamani! jaga-naha! jaga-guru ! jagarakkhana! jaga-bandhava ! jaga-sattha-vaha! jaga-bhavaviakkhana! attha-vaya-santhaviya-ruva! kamattha-vinasana! chauvisampi jina-vara! jayantu a-ppadihaya-sasana. 1 O Master! Willingly permit me to worship. (Master if present says yes do). As per your permission I am performing the Chaitya vandana.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 25 You are the wish-fulfilling gem and master of the noble souls (bhavya means living beings who have potential to liberate themselves). The preceptors of entire Universe, protectors of six categories of living beings, brothers of every soul, guides of people seeking liberation, intelligent expounders of six substances of Universe. Whose images have been placed on Mount Ashtapad, destroyers of eight karmas, whose religious order cannot be destroyed by anyone, such are the 24 triumphant Peaceful liberators (Tirthankaras). 1 kammabhUmihiM kampabhUmihi, paDhama saMghacaNi, ujjoya sattarisaca, jiNavaraNa viharata labhaI, navodihiM kevaliNa, koDisahassava sAhu gammaI, saMpaI jiNavara vIsamuNi bihukoDihiM varanANa, samaNaha koDIsahassedua, yuNijajaI nicca vihANi. 2 kamma-bhumihim kamma-bhuminim, padhama-sanghayani, ukkosaya sattari-saya, jina-varana viharanta-labbhai, navakodihim kevalina, kodi-sahassa nava sahu gammai, sampai jinavara visa muni, bihum kodihim vara-nana, samanaha kodisahassa-dua, thunijjai nichcha vihani. 2 In this land of toil (karmabhumi) where one has to work for hood, 170 Noblest (utkrust means excellent) Lord Tirthankaras have taken birth. Ninety million Omniscients and ninety billion monks are found at times. At present time there are 20 Tirthankaras, 20 million Omniscient and 20 billion monks present, I bow respectfully to all of them every morning. 2 jayau sAmiya jayau sAmiya, risaha satteji, urjiti pahu nemijiNa, jayau vIra sacca uri maMDaLa, bharUacchahiM muNiaya muharipAsa duha duriakhaMDaNa, avara videhiM tityaparA, cihradisi vidisi jiM kevi, tiANA gAya saMpaIe, va jiNa salaeNvi. 3 jayau samiya! jayau samiya! risaha! santtunji, ujjinti pahunemi-jina! jayau vira! sachchauri-mandana! bharu-achchhahim muni-suvvaya! muhari-pasa! duha-duria-khandana! avaravidehim tittha-yara, chihum disi vidisi jim kevi, tjanagaya sampaiya, vandun jina savve vi. 3

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26 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Rushabhdeva on Mount Shatrunjaya, Neminatha on Mount Girnara, be triumphant! Mahavira Swami who graces Sachora Nagar, Munisuvarat Swami in Bharucha and destroyer of unhappiness and sins Lord Parshvanatha seated in Muhari village, be triumphant! Other 20 Tirthankaras of 5 Videha kshetra and also all the Tirthankaras of all the directions, of past, present and future, I pay my respect. 3 sattANavaI, sahassA laphakhA chappanna aThakoDio, bhattIsasa, bAsiAI, Conch bish ce. () satta-navai sahassa, lakkha shhappanna attha-kodio; battisasaya-basiaim, tia-loe cheie vande. 4 I salute to 85,700,282 (eighty-five million seven hundred thousand two hundred and eighty two) Jain temples located in all three worlds. 4 panarasa koDi sacAI koDi bAvAla lakha aDavannA, chattIsa sahasa asiI, sAyabiMbAI paNamAmi. 5 panarasa-kodi-sayaim, kodi bayala lakkha adavanna, chhattisasahasa-asiim, sasaya-bimbaim panamami. 5 I salute to permanently present (shashvata) 15,425,836,080 images of Jina located in all these Jain temples. 5 Explanation: In this sutra we pay veneration to all the Jain temples and images of Jinas within them. Jaina scriptures mention presence of maximum 170 or minimum 20 Tirthankaras at one time. Without going into details of Jaina Geography, the scriptures also mention that the abode of humans and lower form of lives is limited to two and half-islands. In these islands there are fifteen continents, which are five Bharata Kshetra, five Airavata Kshetra and five Maha Videha Kshetra. Each Maha Videha Kshetra is further divided into 32 territories. They are collectively called lands of toil (karmabhumi) because living beings have to work for their survival in these lands. Tirthankaras are only born in these continents and establish four fold Jaina religious order, agriculture (Krushi) law and order (asi) and education (masi) for benefit of people. They are present all the time in 4 territories of each of Maha Videha, in the rest only at certain times.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Thus maximum of 170 Lord Tirthankaras may exist at the same time, which can be counted as follows: 5 in 5 Bharata Kshetras, 5 in 5 Airavata Kshetras and 160 in 5 Maha Videha Kshetras (5 x 32=160 territories). In the present era 170 Tirthankaras existed at the same time during the time of second Tirthankara Lord Ajitnatha. A minimum of 20 Tirthankaras are present all the time one in each four territories of 5 Maha Videha Kshetra (4x5=20). Jaina scriptures describe two types of souls bhavya (noble), who will attain liberation in due time and abhavya (unfortunate) souls who will never attain liberation. It is said that Gautam Swami composed the first two verses of this poem when he went on pilgrimage to Mount Ashtapad. According to legend the mountain is named Ashtapad because there are eight steps carved in the mountain to reach the peak. The height of each step is one Yojan (one Yojan equals 4 miles). There are 1,529,444,760 images of Jinas in Upper World, 13,896,000,000 images in Lower World and 391320 in Middle World in total there are 15,425,836,080. Chaitya Vandan is a spiritual adoration (bhava puja) symbolized by hymns of praise (stutis). 13. Shri Jamkinchi Sutra Object: To pay respect to all the places of pilgrimages located in the Universe and all the images of Jinas in them. Sutra and Meaning: aMkiMci nAma titya, saMge pAyAli mANase loe, jAI jiNa biMbaI, tAI savhAI vaMdAmi. jam khinchi nama-tittham, sagge payali manuse loe; jaim jinabimbaim, taiim savvaim vandami From here, I pay respect to all the Jain pilgrimages located in the heavens, nether regions and the abodes of humans and the images of Jinas in those pilgrimages.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Explanation: In this sutra the respect is paid to the places of pilgrimages and the images of the Tirthankaras, which are mobile and not permanent. 14. Namu tthu nam Sakra-stava Sutra Object: Praising Lord Tirthankara through his attributes. It is also known as the Sakra-stava, because in the legends Indra usually recites it when a Tirthankara is either conceived in the womb or takes birth. Sutra and Meaning: namutyurNa arihaMtANa bhagatANa. 1 namutthunam, arihantanam, bhagavantanam. 1 Praise to the Arhats, the blessed ones. 1 AIgarANa, tityayarANa, sayaMsaMbuddhANaM. 2 ai-garanam, tittha-yaranam, sayamsambuddhanam. 2 Who are the cause of the sacred doctrine, who show the path across, who have of themselves attained enlightenment. 2 purisuttamArga, purisasIhANa, purisavarapuMDariANaM, purisa vagaMdhahandIrNa. 3 purisuttamanam, purisa-sihanam, purisa-vara-pundarianam, purisa-vara-gandha-hatthinam. 3 The best among men, the lions among men, the best (Pundarika) lotus among men, the perfumed elephants (gandha-hastins) among men. 3 loguttamANe, loganAhANa, logahiANaM, logapaIvANa, logapajajogarANa. 4 loguttamanam, loga-nahanam, loga-hianam, loga-paivanam, logapajjoagaranam. 4 The best in the Universe, the lords of the Universe, the benefactors of the Universe, the lights of the Universe, the illuminators of the Universe. 4

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras abhayadayANa, caphakhudayANa, magnadayANa, saraNadayANuM, behiyAruM. 5 abhayadayanam, chakkhu-dayanam, magga-dayanam, saranadayanam, bohi-dayanam. 5 Those who give freedom from fear, who give insight (scriptural knowledge), who give the right direction to liberation, who give refuge, who give enlightenment (right faith). 5 ghammadayANa, ghammadesavANa, dhammanAyagANuM, ghammasArahINa, ghammaracArita cakravaThIrNa. 7 dhamma-dayanam, dhamma-desayanam, dhamma-nayaganam, dhamma-sarahinam, dhamma-vara-chauranta-chakkavattinam. 6. Who give the sacred doctrine, who expound the sacred doctrine, who are the authorities on the sacred doctrine, the guides to the sacred doctrine, and the ecumenical monarchs of the sacred doctrine. 6 appaDihayavaranANa daMsaNadharANa, viachaumANa. 7 a-ppadihaya-varanana-dansana-dharanam, viyatta chhaumanam. 7 Those who possess the ever-irrefutable (perfect) knowledge and insight, who have thrown off all travesties. 7 jigANuM jAvayANa, tinnArtha tArayANa, buddhANa bohavANuM, muttANaM moagANa. 8 jinanam, javayanam, tinnanam, tarayanam, buddhanam, bohayanam, muttanam, moaganam. 8 The Jinas, who have conquered aversion and attachment, who help others to conquer, who have crossed over, who aid others across, the enlightened and the enlighteners, the liberated and the liberators. 8 salvannaNaM, savvadarisINa, siva-mayala-a-mahaMta-maphakhaya, makhvAbAha mapuNAvitti-siddhiga InAmadheya ThANa saMpattANuM, namo jihANa jiabhayArNa. 9 savva-nnunam, savva-darisinam, siva-mayala-marua-manantamakkhaya-mavvabaha-mapunaravitti siddhigai namadheyam thanam sampattanam, namo jinanam, jiabhayanam. 9 The omniscient, the all-seeing, full of compassion, immutable, inviolable, endless, imperishable, those who have reached that

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras state that which is called ultimate release (siddha-gati) from which there is no return, and which is bliss and undisturbed; praise to the Jinas who have overcome fear. 9 je a aIA siddhA, je a bhavisaMtiNAgae kAle, saMpaI a vaTTamANA, savva tiviheNa vaMdAmi. 10 30 je a aiya siddha, je a bhavissanti nagae kale; sampai a vattamana, savve tivihena vandami. 10 In the threefold way (by mind, speech and body) I worship all the Siddhas, those who have been, and those who are, and those who will be in future. 10 Explanation: Arhats are worthy of salutation (vandana) and worship (puja). They are the destroyers of inner enemies (attachment and aversion) and in whom seeds of karma no longer grow (ruhati). They are the possessors of knowledge (jnana), glory (mahatmya), fame (yasha), asceticism (vairagya), final release (moksha), beauty (rupa), courage (virya), energy (prayatna), longing (ichha), law (dharma), wealth (shri) (here represents the acquisition of inner qualities of the soul), and divinity (ayshwarya). The Tirthankaras are compared to lions because of their courage in combating the enemies which are karmas, to lotuses because they have made flower of holy law (dharma) to blossom in mire of the worldly existence and to the gandha-hastins because all the calamities are driven away by the presence of the Tirthankara just as lesser elephants are driven away by the legendary perfumed elephants (gandha-hastin is familiar creature of legend, regarded as the noblest of the beast). Pundarika is a variety of lotus, which is white in color and considered to be the best variety of lotus.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 15. Javanti Cheiaim Sutra Object: Obeisance to images of Jina of all the three worlds. Sutra and Meaning: jAti ceI AIma uDyua ahea tirialoe a, salvA, tAI vaMde, Iha saMto tatva saMtAI. javanti cheiaim, uddhe a ahe a tirialoe a; savvaim taim vande, iha santo tattha santaim. I, who live here, adore all the temples and images of Jina, which exist there in the upper world, the middle world and the nether world. 31 Explanation: This Sutra is also known as Chaitya Vandan Sutra. In Jag Chitamani Sutra, we offer obeisance to all the temples and images, which are (permanent) eternal, and in Jamkinchi sutra to mobile ones, while in this sutra respect is paid to both permanent and mobile places of pilgrimages and images of Jinas. 16. Javant ke vi Sahu Sutra Object: Pay sincere respect to all the monks. Sutra and Meaning: jAvaMta kevi sAhu, bharaheravaya mahAvidehe a, savvasi tesi paNao, tiviheNa tidaMDa vicANaM. javant ke vi sahu, bharahe-ravaya-mahavidehe a; savvesim tesim panao, tivi-hena ti-dand-viryanam. I bow down to all those monks free from evil in word, in thought, and in deeds, found in Bharata, Airavata, and Mahavideha. Explanation: This Sutra is also known as Muni Vandana Sutra. The monks are our true preceptors who give us proper guidance to the path of ultimate bliss in absence of Jina. It is not enough to just

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32 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras worship Jina. We should also pay respect and gratitude to the monks who are our benefactors, ask about their health and serve them as per their needs. According to Jaina philosophy the factors that cause harm and karmic bondage to the soul are called sins (danda). These are of three kinds, of mind, speech and body. 17. Namorhat Sutra Pancha Parmesthi Namaskar Sutra Object: To pay respect to the five supreme beings. Sutra and Meaning: namoDahaMta-siddhA-cAryopAdhyAya-sarvasAdhubhya: namorhat-siddha-charyopadhyaya-sarva-sadhubhyah. I pay my respect to the five supreme beings, Arihanta, Siddha, Acharya, Upadhyaya and Sadhu. Explanation: Acharya Siddhasen Diwakar composed this sutra in Sanskrit. It is usually recited prior to reciting any verses or hymns and before performing many other important religious rituals. 18. Uvasaggaharam Stavana Sutra Object: Hymn in praise to Lord Parshvanatha to be recited to ward off all the worldly as well as spiritual obstacles while following the path of righteousness. Sutra and Meaning: uvasaggahara pAse, pAse vaMdAmi kammaghaNamukka, visahara visaninnA, maMgala kalyANa AvAsa. 1 uvasagga-haram pasam, pasam vandami kamaghana mukkam; visahara visaninnasam, mangala kallana avasam. 1

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras I bow to Lord Parshvanatha, the conqueror of all calamities, who has a guardian angel (Yaksha) called Parshva, who is free from all eight Karmas, who destroys the venom of Kamatha the demon (snake) and who is treasure house of all auspiciousness. 1 visahara phuliMgamata, kaMThe ghAreI je sayA maNuo, tassa gaha roga mArI, duTha jA jaMti uvasAma. ra vishara phulingamantam, kanthe dharie jo saya manuo; tassa gaha roga mari, duttha jara janti uvasamam. 2 People, who memorize and recite viasdhara sphuling, the powerful incantation (mantra), or make amulet and wear it around the neck, their sufferings due to effects of adverse planetary deities (nava graha), sickness, malignant fever and any other afflictions, are all suppressed. 2 ciThau dUra mato, tujajha paNAmovi bahuphalo hoI, naratirie su vi jIvA, pAvaMti na duphakha doga. 3 chitthau dure manto, tujjha panamovi bahuphalo hoi; naratiriesu vi jiva, pavanti na dukkha dogachcham. 3 Leave aside that powerful incantation, even an obeisance offered to you is, so effective that living beings born as humans and animals do not suffer from unhappiness or misfortunes. 3 tuha sammatte laddha, ciMtAmaNI kaupAcavabhahie. pAvaMti aviSNeNaM, jIvA ayarAma ThANa. 4 tuha sammatteladdhe, chintamani kappapayavabbhahie; pavanti avigghenam, jiva ayaramaram thanam. 4 Human beings when they attain the right faith, which is even superior to the wish fulfilling gem (chintamani ratna) and desirefulfilling tree (kalpa vruksa), will attain liberation without major obstacles. 4 Ia sathuo mahAyasa! bhaktibhara nibhaNa hiyaNa. tA deva! dijaja bohiM, bhave bhave pAsA jiNacaMda: 5 ia santhuo mahayasa! bhatttibbharanibbharena hiaena; ta deva! dijja bohim, bhave bhave pasa! jinachanda. 5

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34 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras O most glorious Lord Parshvanatha, I, full of devotion for you, adore you with all my heart. Hence, O Lord Parshvanatha, kindly grant me the right faith in all my worldly existences. 5 Explanation: Uvasaggahara Sutra is one of the most revered Sutras in Jain tradition. Acharya Bhadrabahu composed this Sutra around 2200 years ago. He was the last head of monastic congregation who had knowledge of all 14 Agamas (shruta kevali, chauda purvadhara) of the current time cycle. It is said that an epidemic of plague caused by an evil forest god (vyantardeva) befell on Jain community; to eradicate the epidemic Acharya Bhadrabahu composed this Sutra. It is said that continuous recitation of this Sutra by the people eradicated the epidemic of plague. A Visadhara-sfulling Mantra composed of 18 letters is associated with the name of Lord Parshvanatha, which is considered effective against all types of pains and afflictions. That Mantra is: "Namiuna Pasa Visahara Vasaha Jina Fullinga." All the five supreme beings are included in this recital. The first two letters of each verse mean each auspicious being. Uvva means Upadhyaya, Visha means monks, chittha means Acharya, tuha means Arihanta and ia means Siddha. 19. Jaya Viyaraya Sutra Prarthana Sutra Object: Recitation of thirteen prayers in front of Jina. Sutra and Meaning: jaya vIrAya jagaguru, hou mama tuha pabhAvao bhayava! bhavanibaeNo, maggA musAriA IThaphala siddhi. 1

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 35 jaya viyaraya ! jaga-guru! hou mamam tuha ppabhavao bhayavam! bhava-nivveo magga-nusaria, ittha phala siddhi. 1 Hail! O Passionless Lord! Preceptor of the world, through your grace, blessed lord, may I wish for, disgust towards the cycle of birth and death, pursuit of the right path and attainment of ultimate bliss. 1 loga viruddhaccAo gurujaNapUA paratyakaraNa ca, suhaguru jogo tathvayaNa sevaNA AbhavamakheDA. ra loga-viruddha-chchao, guru-jana-pua, parattha-karanam cha, suha-guru-jogo tavvayana-sevana a-bhavamakhanda. 2 Abandonment of whatever is wrong and impure in the world, respect for the spiritual guide and elders, to be helpful to others, close association with right spiritual guide and full obedience to his words throughout all worldly existences. 2 vArijajaI jaI vi niyANa baMghaNuM vIsarAya! tuha samae, tahavi mama hujaja sevA, bhave bhave tuccha calaNaNa. 3 varijjai jai vi, niyana-bandhanam, viya-raya tuha samaye; taha vi mama hujja seva, bhave bhave tumha chalananam. 3 O Passionless lord! Even though in your doctrine it is prohibited to ask favors from Jinas, still grant me to serve in your feet in all my worldly existences. 3 duHkhakhao kammakhao, samAdhi maraNaM ca bahilAbho a, sapajajau maha ee, tuha nAha! paNAmakaraNeNa. 4 dukkha-khao kamma-khao, samahi-maranam cha, bohilabho a, sampajjau maha eam, tuha naha! panama-karanenam. 4 O master! By paying obeisance to you, I gain these four favors, unhappiness is destroyed, karmas are destroyed, and right faith and vow of holy death are acquired. 4 sarva maMgala mAMgalya, sarva kalyANa kAraNe, pradhAna sarva dharmANA, jaina jayati zAsanaM. 5 sarva mangala mangalyam, sarva kalyana karnam pradhanam sarva dharmanam, jainam jayati shasanam. 5

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36 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Let the holiest among all, the prosperous among all, supreme among all the religions, the Holy law of Jina be triumphant. 5 Explanation: Jaya Viyaraya Sutra is also known as Pranidhana Sutra or Prarthana Sutra. In this Sutra one humbly requests the passionless Lord for nine things (1) end of worldly life, (2) pursuit of right path of liberation, (3) attainment of liberation, (4) abandonment of whatever is harmful in the world, (5) respect for the spiritual guide and elders, (6) to be helpful to others, (7) close association with right spiritual guide, (8) full obedience to his words (9) and to have all the above wishes in one's all worldly existences. He also expresses his desires for detachment from the materialistic gains and aspirations for (1) destruction of unhappiness, (2) destruction of all the karmas, (3) acquisition of three spiritual jewels (right faith, knowledge and conduct) and (4) holy death leading to ultimate bliss the Moksha. The nine wishes and the four aspirations makeup thirteen Prayers. Chief disciple (Ganadhara) composed the first 2 verses; the last 3 verses have been added later on. 20. Arihantacheiyanam Sutra Chaityastava Sutra Object: To stand in body-abandonment posture (Kayotsarga) in front of Jinas to adore and revere them with increasing intensity of faith for beneficial effects. Sutra and Meaning: arihaMta ceIyANa, karemi kAussagga. 1 videNavariAe, pUaNavariAe, sakkAravariAe, sammANavariAe, bokilAbhavariAe, niruvasaggavariAe. ra arihanta-cheiyanam, karemi kaussaggam. 1 vandana-vattiae, puana-vattiae, sakkara-vattiae, sammanavattiae, bohi-labha-vattiae, niruvasagga-vattiae. 2

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras For the sake of adoring the images of the Arhats, for the sake of worship, for the sake of paying homage, for the sake of honoring, for the sake of acquiring right faith and to obtain state of absolute freedom (moksha) from disasters, I stand in body-abandonment posture (kayotsarga). 1, 2 saddhAe, mehAe, diIe, ghAraNAe, aNupehAe, vaDhamANIe hAmi kAussagga. 3 saddhae, mehae, dhiie, dharanae, anuppehae, vaddhmanie, thami, kaussaggam. 3 With ever increasing intensity of right faith and right knowledge, steadfastness, mindfulness and contemplation, I stand in bodyabandonment posture. 3 Explanation: Chaitya means image of Jina as well as Jain temple. Worship of images of Jina (puja) is of 3 types: The first two types are Dravya puja (Material worship) is done by offering material things to Jina's image. 1. Anga Puja: Worship of the body parts of Jina's image by water, sandal wood paste, flowers and so on. 2. Agra Puja: Worship by offering rice, fruits, sweetmeats, incense, and light and so on in front of the Jina's image. 3. Bhava Puja: Is spiritual adoration or worship by reciting prayers, stutis, meditation and contemplation. 21. Kallana kandam Sutra Object: Adoration of foremost Lord Jina, all the Tirthankaras, Holy Writ and Goddess of learning (Sarsavati Devi). Sutra and Meaning: kalyANa kaMda paDhamaM jiNiAM, saMti tao nemijirNa muNi, pAsa pacAsa suguNikkaThANuM. bhattII vade sividdhamANe (1)

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras kallanakandam padhamam jinindam, santim tao nemijinam munindam; pasam payasam su-gunikka-thanam, bhattii vande siri-vaddhamanam. 1 With devotion I pay respects to, foremost Lord Rushabhdeva, fountain of all good, peaceful and soothing like a moon Lord Shantinatha, supreme lord among monks Lord Neminatha, enlightener Lord Parshvanatha and establisher of good virtues revered Vardhamana Swami. 1 apAra saMsAra samuda pAra, pattA sivaM dinu suIkkasAra, savva jibiMdA suraviMda vaMdA, kalyANa vallINa visAla kaMdA. 2 a-para-sansara-samudda-param, patta sivam dintu su-ikkasaram; savve jininda sura-vinda-vanda, kallana-vallina visalakanda. 2 The ones, who have successfully crossed the ocean of mundane existence, who are adored by the celestial beings and who are like the widely spread roots of happiness, all the Jinas; grant me the ultimate release (moksha). 2 nivvANa mage varajANakaj, 5NAsiyAsesa kuvAIdapa, maya jigANa saraNa bahANa, namAmi nircA tijagappahANa. 3 nivvana-magge vara-jana-kappam, panasiya-sesa-kuvai-dappam; mayam jinanam saranam buhanam, namami nichcham ti-jagappahanam. 3 The supreme vehicle for the path of liberation, the destroyer of ego of all wrong believers, shelter of the wise, the principle doctrines (agamas) of Jineshwara in three worlds, to which I pay my eternal respect. 3 kudidugophakhIratusAravannA, saroja hatyA kamale nisannA, vAesirI putyayavajhmahatyA, suhAya sA akhta sayA patthA. 4 kundindu-go-kkhiratusara-vanna, saroja-hattha kamle nisanna; vaesiri putthaya-vagga-hattha, suhaya sa amha saya pasttha. 4 Fair complexion like jasmine flower, full moon, milk of cow and dew, seated on a lotus, holding lotus in one hand, and a bundle of books in the other hand, beneficent to all, you! Goddess of learning (Sarsavati Devi) always blesses us with happiness. 4

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Explanation: This poem is composed of four verses. First verse is in praise of five Tirthankaras, second verse is in praise of all the Tirthankaras, third verse is in praise of Holy Writ (agamas) and fourth verse is in praise of Goddess of Learning Sarsavati Devi. 22. Sansaradava Stuti Object: Adoration for eternally beneficial Lord Mahavira, all Tirthankaras and Sarsavati Devi. Sutra and Meaning: saMsAra dAvAnala dAhanIra, saMmoha dhUlIharaNe samIra, mAyA rasA dAraNa sAra sIra, namAmi vIra girisAra dhIre. 1 sansara-dava-nala-daha-niram, sammoha dhuliharane samiram; maya-rasa-darana-sara siram, namami viram giri-sara-dhiram. 1 I bow to you, revered Lord Mahavira you are like water to put out the wildfire of mundane existence, like a gale of wind to blow away the dust of infatuation, like a plough to till away the ground of deceit and steadfast like Mount Meru, 1 bhAvAvanAma sura dAnava mAna vena cUlA vilola kamalA vali mAli tAni, saMpUritAbhinata loka samIhitAni kAmanamAmi jinarAja padAnitAni. ra bhava-vanama-sura-danava-manavena, chula vilola kamala vali malitani;sampurita-bhinata-loka-samihitani, kamam namami jina-raja-padani tani. 2 I bow in the feet of Lord Jinas, you, who are worshiped by kings of humans, demons and celestial beings, with their heads bowed down, with garlands made of lotus flowers; the lotus flowers which adorn their crowns, and you, who have fulfilled all the desires of people who have paid their obeisance to you. 2 bodhAgAgha supada padavI nIrapUrA bhirAma, jIvA hiMsA viralalaharI saMgamAgAha deha, cUlAvela guru gama maNi sakula durapAra, sAraM vIrA gamajalanidhi, sAdara Hu siu. 3

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40 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras bodhagadham su-pada-padavi-nira-pura-bhiramam, jiva-hinsavirala-laharsangama-gaha-deham; chula-velam guru-gamamani-sankulam dura-param, saram-vira-gama-jala-nidhim sadaram sadhu seve. 3 I bow to, the ocean of words (scripture) of Lord Mahavira which is full of profound knowledge, whose verses are like a fascinating and flowing pool of water, whose body is vast due to the mutual union of waves of non-violence and simplicity, full of inter-twined lessons of doctrines, full of essence and full of jewels of wisdom. 3 A mUlA lolathUlI bahula parimalA lIDhalolA lImAlA, jhaMkArA rAvasArA maladala kamalAgArabhUmi nivAse, chAcA saMbhAra sAro vara kamala kare. tAra hArA bhirAme vANI saMdoha deho bhavavirahavara dehi me deviDa sAra. 4 a-mula-lola-dhuli-bahula-pari-mala-lidhalola-limala, jhankararava-sara-mala-dala-kamala-gara-bhumi-nivase! chhayasambhara-sare! vara-kamala-kare! tara-hara-bhirame! vanisandoha-dehe! bhava-viraha-varam dehi me devi! saram. 4 O Goddess Sarsavati! With extremely beautiful complexion, holding a lotus flower in one hand, sparkling necklaces adoring the neck, seated on a lotus flower of such sweet fragrance that the flocks of wasps fly around it; grant me the state of liberation, the ultimate release from mundane existence. 4 Explanation: The first two verses are reverent salutation (vandana) to Lord Mahavira, the third verse to the Holy Scriptures and the fourth verse to Goddess of Learning Sarsavati Devi. Revered Shri Haribhadra Suriji created this stuti. He passed away at the moment when he had just finished the first line of 4th verse. His congregation composed the last three lines; therefore all participants recite together the last three lines loudly during pratikramana.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 23. Pukkharavaradivaddhe Sutra Shruta Stava Sutra Object: This is a hymn in praise of Jaina doctrine, which drives away the darkness of ignorance. Sutra and Meaning: puphakharavaradIvaDha ghAyaIsaMDe a jaMbUdIve a, bharaTheravAya videhe ghammAI gare namasAmi. 1 pukkhara-vara-diva-ddhe, dhayai-sande a jambu-dive a; bharaheravaya-videhe, dhammai-gare namamsami. 1 I bow down to those peaceful liberators who have established the sacred doctrine in 5 Bharata, 5 Airavata, and 5 Mahavideha continents (Kshetras) located in two and half islands made up by Jambudvipa, Dhatakikhanda and half of Pushkaradvipa. 1 tamatimira5Dalaviddha-saNassa suragaNanarida mahialsa, sImAghasya vaMde poDiamohajALassa. ra tama-timira-padala-viddham-sanassa, sura-gana-narindamahiassa; simadharassa vande, papphodia-moha-jalassa. 2 I worship the sacred doctrine, which is destroyer of the veil of darkness of ignorance, which is adored by celestial beings and kings, which contains the rules of conduct, and which tears apart the net of delusion. 2 jAI jarA maraNa soga paNAsaNamsa, kalyANa puphakhala visAla suhAvahassa, ko deva dANavanarida gaNacci astra, ghammassa sAramuvalabha kare pamAya. 3 jai-jara-marana-soga-panasanassa, kallana-pukkha-lavisalasuha-vahassa; ko deva-danava-narinda-gana-chchiassa, dhammassa sara muva labbha kare pamayam? 3 That which ends the sorrows of birth, old age, and death and that which brings the full and ample bliss of final release, worshiped by gods, demons and kings, how can, one who understands its essence, ever become careless? 3

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42 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras siddhabho! pacao Namo jiNamae, nadI sayA saMjame, devaM nAgasuvanna kinnaragaNa-smabhUca bhAvaccie: logo janca padaThio jagamiNuM, telukkamaggAsura, ghammo vaDhau sAsao vijayao, ghammuttara vaDhau. 4 siddhe bho! payao namo jina-mae, nandi saya sanjame, devam naga-suvanna-kinnara-gana-ssabbhua-bhavachchie, logo jattha paitthio jagaminam telukka-machchasuram, dhammo vaddhau sasao vijayao, dhammuttram vaddhau. 4 Oh people! Pay reverently salutations to the Holy Writ (shruta dharma), of Lord Tirthankara, which is proven to be the most superior doctrine, most beneficial in the path of right conduct, is faithfully worshiped by empyrean gods (vaimanik deva), mansion dwelling gods (bhavana pati deva), luminous gods (jyotishika deva) and forest gods (vyantara deva). Let this sacred doctrine, which includes detailed description of all the six substances all the three worlds and the living beings in there, be triumphant. May it be victorious and may it prosper the dignity of the other tenets like lesser and major vows. 4. suasse bhagavao, karemi kAusagga, vaMdaNavariAe. 5 suassa bhagavao Karemi kaasaggam vanda-navattivae. 5 Oh Lord! To worship the Holy Writ, I will practice the bodyabandonment posture. 5 Explanation: The first verse is devoted to the infinite number of Jinas who take birth in 15 continents of the Universe; the rest is in praise of the Holy Writ. Lord Tirthankaras give discourses after they acquire absolute knowledge. The chief disciples after listening to these discourses compose the scriptures, which are called Agamas. Each word of a Tirthankara is meaningful and auspicious. They have strength of making a soul pure by eradicating all the sins of the faithful.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 24. Siddhanam Buddhanam Sidddhastava Sutra Object: The description of homage paid to, all the Siddhas, Lord Mahavira, all the auspicious events of Lord Arishthanemi and 4, 8, 10 and 2 totaling to 24 Jinas. Sutra and Meaning: siddhArtha buddhANaM, pAragamANa, paraMparagacANa, loagnamuvagacANa, namo sayA salvasiddhANaM. 1 siddhanam buddhanam, para-gayanam parampara-gayanam, loagga muvagayanam, namo saya savva-siddhanam. 1 I pay homage, always to all the Siddhas, the enlightened ones who have crossed the ocean of mundane existence, who have gone there by climbing the stages of spiritual development in orderly fashion and have reached the summit of the Universe. 1 jo devANa vi devo, je devA pajalI namasaMti, te devadevamahiaM, sirasA vaDe mahAvIra. 2 jo devana vi devo, jam deva panjali namamsanti; tam deva-devamahiam, sirasa vande mahaviram. 2 I pay my respect by bowing down my head to Mahavira, who is the god of gods, who is adored by lords of gods, and whom gods worship with their hands clasped. 2 Ikko vi namukkAro, jiNavara-vasahassa vaddhamANasma, saMsArasAgarAo, tAre) nara va nAri vA. 3 ikkovi namukkaro, jinavara-vasahassa vaddhmanassa; sansarasagarao, tarei naram va narim va. 3 Even one salutation offered to the best among all the Tirthankaras Lord Vardhamana will carry a man or a woman across the ocean of mundane existence. 3. ujivaMta selasiha, diphakhA nANa nizIhiA jalsa, te ghammacakravarTi, ariThanemi namasAmi. 4 ujjinta-sela-sihare, dikkha nanam nishia jassa, tam dhammachhakka-vattim, arittha-nemim namamsami. 4

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras I worship Arishtanemi that ecumenical holy monarch, who received the initiation on the summit of the Mount Girnara, attained perfect knowledge (kevala-jnana) and the final release (moksha). 4 44 cattAri aTTha dasa doya, vaMdiyA jiNavarA cauvvIsa, paramaTyu niTThiaTThA, siddhA siddhi mama disaMtu. 5 chattari attha dasa do ya, vandiya jinavara chauviisam; paramttha-nitthi attha, siddha siddhim mama disantu. 5 May four, eight, ten and two, thus twenty-four venerated Jinas, who have been liberated and attained the Siddha state, show me the final release. 5 Explanation: In the fifth verse the numbers four, eight, ten and two, thus the total number twenty-four; represent images of Tirthankaras placed by Universal Monarch Bharata in four directions of Mount Ashtapad. 25. Veyavachchagaranam Sutra Object: Reverence to all Gods of right faith. Sutra and Meaning: vecAvaccagarANaM, saMtigarANaM, sammadiSThi samAhigarANa karemi kAussagga, annatha. veyavachcha-garanam, santi-garanam, samma-ditthi-samahigaranam, karemi kaussaggam... annatth. I stand in body-abandonment posture (kayotsarga) for those patron gods, who render selfless service and bring tranquility to Jaina religious order (Jaina Shashana); and bring equanimity to people of right faith.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 26. Bhagawanaham Sutram Object: Veneration to all five supreme beings. Sutra and Meaning: bhagavAnaha, AcAryahaM, upAghyAyahuM, sarvasAdhuhaM. 45 bhagawanham, acharyaham, upadhyayaham, sarva-sadhuham. I pray again and again worship myself as perfect embodied and liberated souls, leaders of congregation, holy preceptors and all the monks. Explanation: This is a very important verse, even though it is made up of four words only. The meaning behind each word is very deep. The literal translation of this verse is: "I am the perfect God, I am the leader of congregation, I am the holy preceptor and I am the monk; I am the divinity of all these." The verse implies oneness with all the living beings. One is not a separate entity but one is all of these living beings. One is it. 27. Devsia Padikkamane Thaum Sutra Object: Very important short verse to confess (Alochana) for all sins committed during the day. Sutra and Meaning: IcchAkAreNa saMdisaha bhagavan! devasia paDikkamaNe ThAuM? IcchuM, savvasTa vi devasia, duciMtia, dubmAsia duccioia micchAmi dukkaDaM. ichchhakarena sandisaha bhagwan! devasia padikkamane thau? ichchham, savvassa vi devasia, duchchintia, dubbhasia, duchchitthia, michchhami dukkadam. O lord! With your permission, can I atone for all harmful activities committed during the day? (When the preceptor grants the permission) Accepting the permission. For all the sinful thoughts, spiteful words and for evil activities I may have committed during

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46 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras the day, may those harmful deeds be forgiven and become fruitless. 28. Ichchhami thami Sutra Object: Ask forgiveness for any violations committed against 12 vows of householder. Sutra and Meaning: IcchAmi ThAmi kAussagga, jo me devasio aIyAre kao, kAIo, vAIo, mANasio, ichchhami thami kaussaggam jo me devasio aiyaro kao, kaio, vaio, manasio; I stand in body-abandonment posture for whatever faults I may have committed during the day through the actions, speech, or thoughts. usso, ummaggo, akaththo, akaraNijo, dujajhAo, dudhviciMtio, aNAyAro, aNicchiavvo, asAvagapAungo, ussutto, ummaggo a-kappo, a-karanijjo dujjhao, du-vvichintio anayaro, anichchhiavvo asavaga pauggo; Speaking against the scriptures, following a wrong path, performed unworthy and improper deed, ill meditated, ill conceived, immoral, undesirable and unbecoming acts for a layman. nANe, daMsaNe. carittAcaritte. sue sAmAIe. tiSTha guttIrNa, cahiM kasAyANa, pacahamaNuvrayANa, nane, dansane charitta-charittte sue, samaie tinham guttinam chaunham kasayanam; panchan-hamanu-vvayanam; In regard to knowledge and belief and conduct of lay life, the Holy Writ, the equanimity (samayika), and whatever transgression I may have committed in respect of the three-fold self-control (guptis), four passions (kashayas), and the five lesser vows (anu-vratas). tiSTha guNadhdhayANa, cauSTha siphakhAvayANa, bArasavihassa sAvagadhammasya je khaMDie virAhiaM, tassa micchAmi dukkaDaM.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras tinham guna-vvayanam, chaunham sikkha-vayanam, barasavihassa-savaga-dhammassa jam khandiam, jam virahiam, tassa michchhami dukkadam. Three spiritual vows of self-discipline (guna-vratas), four spiritual vows of self-mortification (shiksha-vratas), the layman's twelvefold rule of conduct, I may have broken, or opposed, may those bad deeds of mine be forgiven and become fruitless. Explanation: This is the desire to atone for the violations committed against the 12 fold vows of a layman by recitation of a short prayer of confession. The twelve vows of a layperson are: 1. Five lesser vows (Anu Vratas): These are; non-violence, truthfulness, non-stealing, celibacy and non-possession. 2. Three spiritual vows of self-discipline (Guna Vratas): These are vow of voluntary confinement (digvrata), vow of simplicity (bhogopabhoga) and vow of piety (anarthadanda). And 3. Four spiritual vows of self-mortification (Shiksha Vratas): These are practice of equanimity (samayika), vow of additional confinement of every day activity (desavakashika Vrata), vow of fasting (posadhopavasa) and vow of charity (dana Vrata). 29. Nanammi Sutra Dansanammi Panchachara Sutra Object: To pray and ask forgiveness for violations of the five ethical codes of conduct. Sutra and Meanings: nANami daMsaNami a, caraNampi tathami tahaya vIriyammi, AyaraNa AyAro, Ia eso paMcahA bhaNiyo. 1 nanammi dansanammi a, charanammi tavammi taha ya viriyammi; ayaranam ayaro, ia eso panchaha bhanio. 1

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48 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras There are five ethical codes of conduct in regard to right knowledge, right faith, right conduct, penance and spiritual strength. 1 kAle viNa bahumANe, uvahANe taha aniSThavaNe, vaMjaNaatyatadubhae, aThaviho nANamAyAro. ra kale vinae bahu-mane, uvahane-taha a-ninhavane; vanjanaattha-tadubhae, attha viho nanamayaro. 2 To study scripture at proper time (jnanachara), to respect the scholar (vinayachara), to greatly respect wise, preceptors and the scriptures (bahumanachara), to make efforts to study the scriptures (upadhanachara), not to conceal identity of the spiritual preceptor (aninhavanachara), to pronounce the verses clearly (vyanjanachara), to interpret the verses accurately (arthachara) to reflect both on verses and meaning (ubhayachar) are the eight fold practice of right knowledge. 2 nissakia niSkrakhiA, niaitigicchA amUDhadiThI a, uvadhUha thirikaraNe, vacchalla pau bhAvaNe aTha. 3 nissankia nikkankhia, nivvitigichchha a-mudha-ditthia; uvavuha-thirikarane, vachchhalla ppabhavane attha. 3 Not to have any doubt in the words of Jina (nishankitachara), not to put faith in other religions (nikankshitachara), not to loath at monks and nuns for their unclean and untidy appearance (nirvitigichhachara), not to get impressed by pompousness, spells and charms of an unfaithful (amudhdrastiachara), genuinely praise and support a person with right faith (upabrumhanachara), to bring stability in religious practices of the people whose faith is shaken (sthirikaranachara), to look after the welfare of the coreligionists (vatsalyachara), and to perform pious activities which will bring praise from people of other faiths (prabhavnachara), are the eight fold practices of right faith. 3 paNihANa joga jItto, paMcahiM samiIhiM tIhiM guttIhi, esa carittAyAse, aThaviho hoI nAyabyo. 4 panihana joga jutto, panchahim samihim tihim guttihim; esa charitta yaro atthaviho hoi nayavvo. 4

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras To practice the five fold vigilant (samitis) and three fold restraints (guptis) of mind, speech and body, diligently, are eight fold practices of right conduct. 4 bArasavihaMmi vi tave, sabhiMtarabAhire kusalaoi, agilAI aNAjIvI, nAyavvo so tavAyAze. 5 49 barasa vihammi vi tave, sabbhintara bahire kusala ditthe; agilai anajivi nayavvo so tava yaro. 5 The six external and six internal austerities prescribed by lord Arihanta, without remorse or without expectation of financial returns for livelihood, is the right way of practice of penance. 5 aNasaNa mUNoariyA, vittIsaMkhevaNa rasaccAo, kAyaphileso salINayAya, bo tavo hoI. 6 ana sana munoariya, vitti sankhevanam rasachchao; kaya kileso sanlinaya ya, bajjho tavo hoi. 6 To practice four fold dietetic restrictions {total or partial fast, eating less then required amount, to restrict the number of items to eat, complete or partial abstention of tasty foods (like milk, yogurt, clarified butter, sugar, oil etc.)}, mortification of body by heat, cold, insect bites etc. and to be modest are the six types of external austerities. 6 pAyacchinneM viNao, veyAvacca taheva sajjAo, jhANa ussaggo vi a, abhiMtarao tavo hoI. 7 payachchhitam vinao, veyavachcham taheva sajjhao; jhanam ussaggo vi a, abbhintarao tavo hoi. 7 Confession (prayaschitta) in the presence of a spiritual guide (guru), which includes atonement (pratikramana) and confession (alochana), reverential behavior in thoughts, words and deeds to the elders and monks (vinaya), and look after their needs, (vaiyavachcha), studying, asking questions, memorizing, expounding, reading the sacred lore (dharma katha) that is swadhyaya, abandonment of body (kayotasarga) and meditation (dhyana), are the six internal austerities. 7 aNimUhiabalavIrio, parakkamaI jo jahuttamAutto, juMjaI a jahAthAma, nAyavyo vIriAyAro. 8

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras aniguhia bala virio, parakkamai jo jahuttamautto; junjai a jaha thamam, nayavvo viria yaro. 8 50 To use the mental, verbal and bodily strength according to ones ability to promote religious activities and to pursue the path of righteousness are the three ways of utilizing one's energy the right way. 8 Explanation: This sutra is known also as panchachara ni ath gatha (The eight verses of five ethical codes of conduct). Any transgressions of these five ethical codes of conduct as well as twelve vows for layperson are called the violations (atichara). Any activities that enhance five attributes (faith, knowledge, conduct, austerity and the spiritual energy) are called ethical codes of conduct (achara). 30. Suguru Vandana Sutra Object: To pay utmost respects to the spiritual preceptors and ask for their forgiveness for any transgressions committed while paying respects. Sutra and Meaning: IcchAmi khamAsaNo! vaMdiuM jANijajAe, nisIhiAe. 1 aNujANaha, me miuggahaM, nisIhi. 2 ichchhami khama-samano! vandium javanijjae, nisihiae. 1 anujanaha, me miuggaham, nisihi. 2 (The disciple says). O forbearing monk! I wish to enquire about your health and pay my respects to you. (The preceptor says do as you wish). (The disciple says) Allow me to enter your restricted space. (The preceptor says) I allow you. 1, 2. aho kArya, kArya saphAsa khamaNijo bhe! kilAmo, appakilatANaM bahusubheNa! bhe! divaso vaIEto? 3 jattA bhe! 4. javaNijja ca bhe! 5

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras aho, kayam-kaya samphasam-khamanijjo bhe! kilamo appakilantanam bahusubhena bhe! divaso vaikkanto? 3. jatta bhe! 4. javanijjam cha bhe? 5 Oh revered monk forgive me if I cause any pain while touching your feet with my body, I hope you will have spent your whole day peacefully with little disturbance? (The monk says yes). In your spiritual progress you are unperturbed by your sense organs and passions. (The preceptor says yes and so are you). I beg for pardon, forbearing monk, for my daily transgressions. (The preceptor says I too ask your pardon) 3, 4, 5. khAmemI khamAsaNo! devasia vaIma, AvasiAe paDikamAmi, khamAsamaNANuM devasiAe AsAyaNAe, tittIsanayarAe, jIMkiMci micchAe, maNadukaDAe, vayadukkaDAe kAyadukkaDAe, kohAe, mANAe, mAyAe, lobhAe. 7 51 khamemi khama-samano! devasiam vaikkamam avassiae, padikkamami, khamasamananam devasiae asayanae, tittisannayarae, jam kinchi michchhae manadukkadae vayadukkadae kayadukkadae, kohae manae mayae lobhae. 6 O forbearing monk! For any disrespect and for any of the thirtythree defilements (ashatnas means unholy acts) while performing day to day essential duties, anything done amiss through mind, speech, or body, through anger, pride, deceit or greed. 6 savvakAliAe savvamicchovayArAe, savvudhammAIkramaNAe, AsAyaNAe jo me aIAge kao, tasya khamAsamaNo! paDikamAmi niMdAmi garihAmi appANaM vosirAmi. 7 savva-kaliae savva michchhovayarae, savva dhamma ikkamanae, asayanae jo me aiyaro kao, tassa khama-samano! padikkamami nindami garihami appanam vosirami. 7 Due to any unbecoming behavior and violation of the sacred doctrine, whatever offence I may have committed, forbearing monk, I confess and reprehend and repent it and cast aside my sinful self. 7

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Explanation: This sutra is to be addressed to only high-ranking monks and not to any ordinary monk. Here a layperson confesses and asks for forgiveness for any violations he or she my have committed while paying respect to the spiritual preceptor. There are thirty-three failures (ashatanas) towards expression of reverence, but in short following are the three main divisions of unholy acts: 52 1. Most conspicuous (utkrusta)-those concerned with actions contrary to the preceptor's command. 2. Conspicuous (madhyama)-those referring to defilement of any impurities. 3. Least conspicuous (jaghanya)-those concerned with touching the feet or other limbs of the preceptor. Shri Haribhadra Suri has defined Vandana as the foundation of the religion (dharma pratimulbhuta vandana). The advantages of paying respect are: politeness (vinaya), modesty (man-bhanga), worshiping the spiritual preceptors (guru jana ni puja), worship the Holy Writ (shruta dharma ni aradhana) and the ultimate release (siddhi pada). 31. Devasiam Aloum Sutra Object: Any transgressions committed during the day or night brings them to light and ask for forgiveness. Sutra and Meaning: IcchAkAreNa saMsiha bhagavan! devisaaM Alou? IcchuM, Aloemi jo me devasio. ichchhakarena sandisaha bhagwan! devasiam aloum? ichchham aloemi, jo me devasio. Give me your permission willingly! So that I can reflect on any transgressions I have committed. (After the preceptor says yes). I want to confess and ask for their forgiveness.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 32. Sata Lakha Sutra Object: To ask for forgiveness for any harm done to any living being. Sutra and Meaning: sAta lAkha pRthvIkAya, sAta lAkha akAya, sata lakha pruthvikaya, sata lakha apkaya, 7 hundred thousand earth bodies (dirt, stones etc.), 7 hundred thousand water bodies (water, dew; ice etc.), sAta lAkha teukAya, sAta lAkha vAukAya, sata lakha teukaya, sata lakha vaukaya, 7 hundred thousand fire bodies (light, fire, candle, torch etc.), 7 hundred thousand wind bodies (air, small particles etc.), deza lAkha pratyeka vanaspatikAya, cauda lAkha sAdhAraNa vanaspatikAya, dash lakha pratyeka vanaspatikaya, chauda lakha sadharana vanaspatikaya, 10 hundred thousand individual (extra ordinary) plant lives (fruits, flowers, seeds, leaves, roots, etc.), 14 hundred thousand collective (ordinary) plant lives (one entity with many lives e.g. figs and fig like fruits etc.), be lAkha beIndriya, be lAkha tendriya, be lakha beindriya, be lakha teindriya, 2 hundred thousand lives with 2 senses (sea-shells etc.), 53 2 hundred thousand lives with 3 senses (ants, termites etc.), be lAkha caIrindriya, cAra lAkha devatA, be lakha chaurindriya, chara lakha devata, 2 hundred thousand lives with 4 senses (mosquitoes, spiders, etc.), 4 hundred thousand celestial lives, cAra lAkha nArakI, cAra lAkha tiryaMca paMcendriya, cauda lAkha manuSya, chara lakha naraki, chara lakha tiryancha panchendriya, chauda lakha manushya.

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54 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 4 hundred thousand helicans lives, 4 hundred thousand animal lives with five senses, 14 hundred thousand human lives. evakAre corAzI lAkha jIvAyonimAMhi, mAhare jIve je koI jIva, haNyo hoya, haNAvyo hoya, haNatAM pratye anumodyo hoya, te savi huM mane, vacana, kAyAe karI micchAmi dukkaDaM. evamkare chaurashi lakha jiva yoni mahi, mahre jive je koi jiva hanyo hoi, hanavyo hoi, hantan pratye anumodhyo hoi, te savi hun mane, vachane kayae kari, michchhami dukkadam. Of these 84 hundred thousand living beings, if I have hurt or killed, promoted or encouraged such acts, mentally, verbally or physically may those sinful deeds be forgiven and become fruitless. Explanation: In this verse why total of only 84 hundred thousand numbers of wombs are (yonis) counted? There are infinite numbers of wombs present. However the groups of wombs with similar color, odor, taste, touch and shape are considered as one type. Thus the numbers of wombs are counted as 84 hundred thousand. How is the number of species determined in each type of living being? In each kind of living beings the type of species are halved in hundred. Each specie will have 5 types of colors (black, green, red, yellow and white), two types of odors (pleasant and foul smelling), five types of tastes (hot, bitter, rusty, sour and sweet), eight types of touches cold, warm, soft, hard, large/heavy, small/light, smooth and rough) and 5 types of shapes (triangle, square, rectangle, round and oval). By multiplying all the factors the final number of specie is determined. For example earth bodies are 700,000. Halved in hundred of this number is 350. Multiplying this number with all the other factors. 350x5x2x5x8x5=700,000. The exact source of how the numbers 700, 500, 350 200 and 100 are derived is not clear.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 33. Adhara Papasthanaka Sutra Object: To contemplate and ask forgiveness for 18 categories of sins. Sutra and Meaning: pahele prANAtipAta, bIje mRSAvAda, pahele pranatipata, bije mrushavada, First comes killing (pranatipata or himsa), second is lying (mrushavada), trIje adattAdAna, cothe maithuna, trije adattadana, chauthe maithuna, third is stealing (adattadana), fourth is unchastity (abrahma or maithuna), pAMcame parigraha, chaThe krodha, panchame parigraha, chhathe krodha, fifth is acquisitiveness (parigraha), sixth is anger (krodha), sAtame mAna, AThame mAyA, satme mana, athme maya, seventh is pride (mana), eighth is deceit (maya), navame lobha, dezame rAga, navme lobha, dashme raga, ninth is greed (lobha) tenth is attachment (raga), agyArame dveSa, bArame kalaha, agyarme dwesha, barme kalaha, eleventh is hatred (dwesha), twelfth is disputation (kalaha), terame abhyAkhyAna, caudame paizunya, terame abhyakhyana, chaudame paishunya, thirteenth is false accusation (abhyokhyana), fourteenth is backbiting (paishunya), paMdarame rati-arati, solame paraparivAda, panderame rati-arati, solame para-parivada, fifteenth is pleasure-displeasure ( rati-arati), sixteenth is slander (para-parivada or ninda), sattarame mAyA-mRSAvAda, aDhArame mithyAtvazalya. saterame maya mrushavada, adharame mithyatva shalya;

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras seventeenth is deceitful speech (maya-mrushavada) and eighteenth is false belief, belief in wrong god, teacher and religion (mithyatva). e aDhAra pApasthAnakamAhe mAre jIve je koI pApa sevyuM hoya, sevarAvyuM hoya, sevatAM pratye anumoghuM hoya, te savi huM mane, vacane ane kAyAe karI micchAmi dukkaDaM. 56 ae adhara, papasthanakamahen, mahare jive, je koi papa sevayun hoi, sevravyun hoi, sevatan pratye anumodhyu hoi, te savi hun mane, vachane kayae kari, michchhami dukkadam. If I have indulged or have promoted or encouraged any such sinful act by others or praised the person who has committed any one of these eighteen categories of sin, either mentally, verbally or physically, may those sinful deeds be forgiven and become fruitless. Explanation: Amongst the faults to be confessed are all forbidden things done and all duties left unattended, all infringements of the twelve vows (bara vrata), all offences against the three spiritual jewels (ratnatraya), all evil effects of possessions (parigraha) and undertakings (arambha), all actions motivated by passions (kashaya), all partiality for false creeds and dissemination of false dogmas, and all wrongs done in the course of one's daily business or household duties. Let us now consider in detail the number of violations one may commit under the influence of the 18 categories of sins. They are (108x18)=1944. How did we arrive to number 108? 1. Activity (yoga): Activities are of 3 types (i) in thoughts, (ii) by words or (iii) by physical actions. 2. The stage: There are 3 types of stages of activity, (i) in planning (samrambha), (ii) in the act of preparation (samarambha) or (iii) the actual commencement (arambha) of the act.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 3. The performer: Three ways an activity can be performed (i) by own self (karana), (ii) to get it done by others (karavana) or (iii) to approve actions of someone else (anumodana). 4: Passions: There are 4 types of passions (i) anger (krodha), (ii) pride (mana), (iii) deceit (maya) and (iv) greed (lobha). One hundred and eight (108) kinds of activities are enlisted in the Jaina Scriptures, which are harmful to the soul. This figure is arrived by taking into account the four (4) different passions, the three (3) actors, the three (3) kinds of activities and the three (3) stages of activities. The result of multiplication of these factors (4x3x3x3) is 108. 34. Vandittu Sutra 57 Object: This is the longest principal aphorism of both night (devasika) and day (rai) Pratikramana. A householder is supposed to observe five ethical codes of conduct (Achara) and twelve householder vows (bara vrata). This aphorism is to ask forgiveness, if any transgressions have occurred while observing these vows. Sutra and Meaning: vaMdittu savvasiddha, dhammAyarie a savvasAhU a, IccachAmi paDikamiuM, sAvagadhammAI Arasa. 1 vandittu savva siddhe, dhammayare a, savva sahu a; ichchhami padikkamiun, savaga dhammai arassa. 1 Bowing to the Omniscient pathfinders (tirthankaras) and liberated souls (siddhas), the leaders of monastic congregation (dharmacharya), and all the monks (sadhus), I wish to confess for all the transgressions I may have committed while following layman's vows. 1 jo me vAIAro, nANe taha daMsage caritte a, suhumo a bAyo vA, ta niMde taM ca garihAmi. 2

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras jo me vayaiyaro, nane taha dansane charitte a, suhumo a bayaro va, tam ninde tam cha garihami. 2 I wish to confess, scorn and reproach for whatever subtle or gross transgressions I may have committed, in respect to ethical behavior related to right knowledge (inana), right faith (darshana), right conduct (charitra) and the other two, austerity (tapa) and energy (virya). 2 duvihe parignehami, sAvaje bahuvihe a AraMbhe, kAraNe A karaNe, paDikkame desi savva. 3 duvihe pariggahammi, savajje bahuvihe a arambhe; karavane a karane, padikkame desiam savvam. 3 I want to repent for the transgressions I may have committed in regard to acquiring two types of possessions, external (wealth, live stock, land etc) and internal (passions etc.) as well as any day-today harmful activities either done by me or approved such activities done by some one else. 3 jaM baddhamiMdiehiM, cauhiM kasAhiM apasacaeNhiM, rAgeNa va dosaNa va, te nide taM ca garihAmi. 4 jam baddhamindiehim, chauhim kasaehim appasatthehim; ragena va dosena va, tam ninde tam cha garihami. 4 I scorn and reproach all the transgressions I may have committed as a result of activities by sense organs (indriya), four passions (kashaya), with despicable intentions or due to attachment and aversion. 4 AgamaNe nignamaNe, ThANe caMkamaNe aNAbhoge, abhioge a nioge, paDikrame desi saLaM. 5 agamane niggamane, thane chankamane anabhoge; abhioge a nioge, padikkame desiam savvam. 5 I want to confess for all transgressions I may have committed during the day while attending frequently religious places of other faiths, coming, going or strolling to and fro purposelessly and performed sinful activities due to fear of or pressure from higher authorities. 5

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras saMkA kaMkha vigi chA, pasaMsa taha sathavo kUliMgI, sammattasmaIAre, paDikkame desi saLaM. sanka kankha vigichchha, pasansa taha santhavo kulingisu; sammattassa iare, padikkame desiam savvam. 6 I want to confess for any transgressions of right faith, I may have committed during the day in regard to having doubts in Holy Writ, desire to follow other religions, uncertainty about the fruits of religion, or shown disgust towards monks and nuns for their untidy appearance or soiled clothes, praised or kept acquaintance of an ignoramus person. 6. chaThThAya samAraMbhe, payaNe payAvaNe a je dosA, attaraThA ya paraThA ubhayaThA ceva te niM. 7 chhakkaya-samarambhe, payane a payavane a je dosa; attattha ya parattha, ubhayattha sheva tam ninde. 7 I reprehend for the harm I may have caused to six categories of living beings while cooking, making some one else to cook or approve some one else cooking, for myself, for others or for both. (Explanation: cooking is just one example. Reprehension is for any activities where there is desire to kill, or actually harm or kill any living beings). 7 paMca7 maNavrayANa, guNavrayANaM ca tiSThamaIAre, siphakhANaM ca cauThaM, paDikrame desi saLaM. 8 panchanha manu vvayanam, guna vvayanam cha tinhamaiyare; sikkhanam cha chaunham, padikkame desiam savvam. 8 I want to atone (pratikramana) for whatever violations I may have committed during the day in respect to the five lesser vows (anu vrata), three spiritual vows of self-discipline (guna vrata) and four spiritual vows of self-mortification (shiksha vrata). 8 paDhame aNuvvayami, zUlaga pANAIvAyaviraIo, Ayariyamausatya, Itya pamAyausaMgeNaM. 9 vaha baMdha chavicchee, aIbhAre bharUpANavucchee, paDhamavayassaIAre, paDikkame desi saa. 10 padhame anuvvayammi, thulagapanaivaya-viraio; ayaria-mappasatthe, ittha pamayappasangenam. 9 vaha bandha chhhavi chchhee, aibhare bhatta pana vuchchhee;

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60 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras padhama vyassa iyare, padikkame desiam savvam. 10 As regards the first lesser vow of non-violence, I want to atone for whatever violations I may have committed during the day, due to careless (pramada) or contemptuous behavior to a living being, such as beating, binding (tying), amputating, overloading and starving others. 9, 10 bIe aNuvvayammi, parivUlagaaliyavayaNaviraIo, Ayariamaprasanthe, Itya pamAyaprasaMgeNaM. 11. sahasA-rahasya-dAre, mosuvaese a phUDalehe a, bIyavayassa IAre paDikame desiaM saLaM. 12 bie anu vvayammi, parithulaga aliyavayana viraio; ayaria mappasatthe, ittha pamaya ppasangenam. 11 sahasa rahassa dare, mosuvaese a kudalehe a; biya vayassa-iare, padikkame desiam savvam. 12 As regards the second lesser vow of truthfulness, I want to atone for whatever violations I may have committed during the day, due to careless or contemptuous behavior, such as falsely accusing, disclosing close secrets of trusting person, betraying by divulging spousal secrets, preaching wrong doctrines and forging documents. 11, 12 taIe aNuvvayammi, sthUlaga-paradaharaNaviraIo, Ayariamaprasanthe, Itya pamAyaprasaMgeNaM. 13 tenAhaDappaoge, tappaDive viruddhagamaNe a, phUDatulavUDamANe, paDikame desiaM sarvAM. 14 taie anu vvayammi, thulaga paradavva harana viraio; ayaria mappasatthe, ittha pamaya ppasangenam. 13 tena hada ppaoge, tappadiruve viruddha gamane a; kuda tula kuda mane, padikkame desiam savvam. 14 As regards the third lesser vow of non-stealing, I want to atone for whatever violations I may have committed during the day, due to careless or contemptuous behavior, such as buying stolen goods, helping a thief in burglary, adulterating and selling, smuggling and selling contrabands and falsifying weights and measures. 13, 14

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 61 cautye aNuvvayami, nirca 5radAragamaNaviraIo, Ayariamausatya, Itya pamAyausaMgeNa. 15 aparigdahiA Ittara, asaMgavivAhatidhvaaNurAge, caulyavayassaIAre, paDikrame desi saLaM. 17 chauthe anu vvayammi, nichcham paradara gamana viriao; ayaria mappasatthe, ittha pamaya ppasangenam. 15 apariggahia ittara, ananga vivaha tivva anurage; chauttha vayassa-iare, padikkame desiam savvam. 16 As regards the fourth lesser vow of celibacy, I want to atone for whatever adultery I may have committed during the day, due to careless or contemptuous behavior, such as illicit sexual relations with unmarried girls, other women, widows or prostitutes, flirting with other women, arranging marriage for strangers and have intense sensual desires. 15, 16 Itto aNuvvae paMcamami, Acariamausatyami: parimANa-paricchee, Itya pamAyausaMgeNa. 17 ghaNadhannakhittavanyU. ruusuvane A kuviA parimANe, dupae cauLyammi ya, paDikrame desi saLaM. 18 itto anuvvae panchamammi, ayaria mappa satthammi; parimana parichchhee, ittha pamaya ppasangenam. 17 dhana dhanna khitta vatthu, ruppa suvanne a kuvia parimane; dupae chauppayammi ya, padikkame desiam savvam. 18 As regards the fifth lesser vow of non-possession, I want to atone for whatever violations I may have committed during the day, due to careless or contemptuous behavior, such as excessive accumulation of wealth and grains, farm and real estate property, silver, gold and other precious metals, servants and maids (two legged) and horses and other four legged animals. 17, 18 gamaNassa u parimANe, disAsu uDha ahe A tirie ca, purUDhI saIaMtaraddhA, paDhamami guNadhvae niMde. 19 gamanassa u parimane, disasu uddham ahe a tiriam cha; vuddhi sai antaraddha, padhamammi gunavvae ninde. 19 As regards voluntary confinement of directions (dig vrata) the first spiritual vow of self discipline (guna vrata), I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like, involving in

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras activities beyond the specified sphere or direction (up, down, east west, north & south), though keeping well within limit in one direction, but going beyond the specified limits in other direction or crossing the limits by oversight. 19 majjammi a maMsammi a, purUM a phale a gaMdhamalle a, upabhoga paribhoge, bIyammi guNatvae niMde. 20 majjammi a mansammi a, pupphe a phale a gandha malle a; 62 uvabhoga paribhoge, biyammi gunavvae ninde. 20 As regards simplicity (bhogabhoga vrata) the second spiritual vow of self discipline, I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like, consuming alcoholic beverages, meat, other forbidden food and fruits, enjoying the fragrance of flowers, camphor, and wearing flower garlands, once or more than once. (Explanation: The foods and drinks are the consumable articles and can be used only once (upbhoga). While the fruits, flowers, and camphor and fragrances are substances, which can be used more than once (paribhoga). 20 saccitte paDibaddha, apoli duppolie ca AhAre, tucchosahi-bhakkhaNayA, paDikkame desiaM sarvAM. 21 sachchitte padibaddhe, apoli duppoliam cha ahare; tuchchhosahi bhakkhanaya, padikkame desiam savvam. 21 I want to amend by confessing for whatever violations I may have committed during the day by using sentient things (putting lemon juice in the food by squeezing the lemon), eating uncooked, partially cooked or food of little or no nutritious value (Junk food). 21 IgAlI-vaNa-sADI-bhADI-phoDI suvajrae kamma, vANijyuM cevadaMta-lakkha-rasa-kesa-visavisayaM. 22 ingali vana sadi, bhadi phodi suvajjae kammam; vanijjam cheva danta, lakkha rasa kesa visa visayam. 22 A lay person should strictly avoid doing the following five occupations harmful to living beings: Using fire to bake the bricks and earthen vessels (potter), growing or destroying flowers, fruits, vegetables or grains (farming), selling or renting domestic farm animals, carts drawn by livestock, (horses, camels, cattle) digging

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 63 or drilling wells. A lay person should also refrain from doing following five types of businesses which deal in selling or buying ivory, pearls, wax, clarified-butter (ghee), oil, jaggery, slaves, bird feathers, animal hairs, narcotics, liquors and weapons. 22 (shakata=cart, angara=fire, sphotic-digging, vanijjya=commerce, varjavun=give up) evaM khu aMtapillaNa-kamma nityaMchaNaM ca devadANaM, saradahatalAyasosa, asaI-posa ca vajijajA. 23 evam khu janta pillana kammam, nillanchhanam cha davadanam; sara daha talaya sosam, asaiposam cha vajjijja. 23 For the same reason one should avoid the following five activities; use flour mills, grinding machines to crush sugarcane and sesame seeds, piercing the nose, ears or amputate body parts, to set fire in forests, houses or fields with vegetation, emptying the lakes and water reservoirs, support profession of prostitution and raise wild animals. 23 satsaMgnimusalajaMtaga-taNakaThe maMtamUlabhesa jaje, dine davAvie vA, paDikrame desi e savva. ra4 satthaggi musala jantaga, tana katthe manta mula bhesajje; dinne davavie va, padikkame desiam savvam. 24 I want to amend by confessing for any transgressions I may have committed during the day by providing weapons, kilns (furnaces) for fire, wooden pestle (dhoko), stone hand mills (ghanti), straw, wood, magical spells or herbs or powders, to make snakes dance or keep them under control, to give or ask someone else to give or approve some one giving things which may harm others. 24 vhANuvvaTTaNavansaga-vileNe sarUvarasa gadhe, vanyAsaNaAbharaNe, paDikkame desi saLaM. ra5 nhanuvvattana vannaga, vilevane sadda ruva rasa gandhe; vatthasana abharane, padikkame desiam savvam. 25 I want to amend by confessing for any transgressions I may have committed during the day like using excessive water to bathe, applying turmeric powder to body, applying fragrant powder or sandal wood paste to the body, listening to music and watching

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64 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras television excessively for entertainment, use make-up, flavors, scents, clothes, luxurious seat, jewelry etc. 25 kaMdakhe kukakuIe, mohari ahigaraNa-bhoga AIriste, daMDammi aThAe, taIami guNadhvae niMde. raka kandappe kukkuie, mohari ahigarana bhoga airitte; dandammi anatthae, taiammi gunavvae ninde. 26 As regards piety (anarthadanda vrata) the third spiritual vow of self discipline, I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like, telling vulgar stories, crude jokes and making fun of others, keeping arms in house and possessing things in excess. 26 Explanation: The things listed in verses 22 to 26 are violations of vow of piety, the third spiritual vow of self-discipline. tivihe duppaNihANe, aNavaTuThANe tathA saIvihUNe, sAmAIa vitahakae, paDhame siphakhAvae niM. ra7 tivihe du ppanihane, anavatthane taha sai vihune; samaia vitaha kae, padhame sikkha vae ninde. 27 As regards the practice of equanimity (samayika), the first spiritual vow of self mortification (shiksa vrata), I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like, non-vigilant activities of mind, speech and body (evil thoughts, words or actions), taken wrong postures like extended legs while doing samayika, forgetfulness about time of performing samayika etc. 27 ANavaNe pesavaNe, sad rUve A puggalaphakheve, desAvagAsiami, bIe siphakhAvae nide. 28 anavane pesavane, sadde ruve a puggalakkheve; desavagasiammi, bie sikkha vae ninde. 28 As regards the additional confinement (deshavakashika vrata) the second spiritual vow of self mortification, I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like, by getting or sending things for self-consumption or business beyond the set limits, drawing some one's attention by coughing, clapping, by making sound or by throwing objects. 28 sathAccAravihI-pamAya taha ceva bhoyaNAmoe, posahavihi vivarIe, taIe siphakhAvae nide. 29

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 65 santharuchchara vihi, pamaya taha cheva bhoyana bhoe; posha hvihi vivarie, taie sikkha vae ninde. 29 As regards fasting (posadhopavasa vrata) the third spiritual vow of self-mortification, I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like, not being vigilant while putting things down on the floor, being negligent at the time of urinating and defecating, idling away the time by napping or sleeping and worrying about meals. 29 saccitte niphikhavaNe, pihiNe vavasa macchare ceva, kAlAIkamANe, caulya siphakhAvae niMde. 30 sachchitte nikkhivane, pihine vavaesa machchhare cheva; kala ikkama dane, chautthe sikkha vae ninde. 30 As regards charity (dana vrata) the fourth spiritual vow of self mortification, I want to reprehend for what ever violations I may have committed like; covering up alms with living things, telling lies about articles offered to the monks or inviting them to take meal after their time has passed, doing charity in a state of anger, pride or jealousy. 30 suhiesa a duhiesu a, jA me assajaesu aNukaMpA, rAgeNa va dosaNa va, te niMde taM ca garihAmi. 31 suhiesu a duhiesu a, ja me assanjaesu anukampa; ragena va dosena va, tam ninde tam cha garihami. 31 I want to reproach and reprehend myself in the presence of a the holy preceptor (guru) for any transgressions I may have committed by showing compassion, out of attachment towards the monks and nuns who may be happy, healthy, learned and of good conduct or with feelings of aversion towards unhappy, sick, lacking in right knowledge and of loose conduct. 31 sAhUsu savibhAgo, na kao tavacaraNakaraNajIttesu, saMte phAsuadANe, te niMde taM ca garihAmi. 32 sahusu samvibhago, na kao tava charana karana juttesu; sante phasuadane, tam ninde tam cha garihami. 32 I want to reproach and reprehend myself in the presence of a holy preceptor if I have failed to give alms for reasons beyond my

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66 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras control to the monks who faithfully observe vows of austerity and self-restraint. 32 Ihaloe paraloe, jIvia-maraNe A AsaMsa page, pacaviho aIAre, mA majajha hu maraNate. 33 iha loe para loe, jivia marane a asansa paoge; panchaviho aiaro, ma majjha hujja maranante. 33 I do not want to commit any one of the following five transgressions of vow of auspicious voluntary death (sanlekhana) till my demise; to use the mystical powers to gain the material happiness in this world or in heavens, desire to live longer if I gain name and fame by austerity, or wish to die if sorrows befalls on me or to entertain intense sensual desires. 33 kANa kAIalsa, paDikkame vAIassa vAyAe, mANasA mANasiassa, savvasta vayAIArassa. 34 kaena kaiassa, padikkame vaiassa vayae; manasa manasiasssa, savvassa vaya iarassa. 34 I want to amend by confessing any transgressions I may have committed in respect to any of the vows and restraints by harmful physical, vocal or mental activities. 34. CE1N-au-fleul-Oll pay, slootlSeLLUESH, guttIsu a samiIsu a, jo aIAre A taM niMde. 35 vandana vaya sikkha ga ravesu, sanna kasaya dandesu; guttisu a samiisu a, jo aiaro a tam ninde. 35 I reproach any transgressions I may have committed in respect of two types of worships (to God and to spiritual teacher (vandankarya), 12 vows (vratkarya), two types of teachings {to read the scriptures, understand and to put into practice (shikshakarma)}, three kinds of prides (garava) (of taste, wealth and physical health), four types of instincts (sangna) (of food, fear, sex and hoarding), four types of passions (kashaya), three types of evil activities (danda) (mental, verbal and physical), three-fold self-control (gupti), and five-fold vigilance (samiti). 35 sammariThI jIvo, jaI vi hu pAva samAyare kiMci, appo si hoI baMdho, jeNa na niddhaghasa kuNaI. 37

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras te pi hu saparikramaNa, samyuriAvuM sauttaraguNa ca, khippa visAmeI, vAhibdha susiphikhao vijajo. 37 samma ditthi jivo, jai vi hu pavam samayare kinchi; appo si hoi bandho, jena na niddhandhasam kunai. 36 tam pi hu sa padikkamanam, sappariavam sauttaragunam cha; khippam uvasamei, vahi vva susikkhio vijjo. 37 A person with right faith acquires only trifling karmic bond even though one may commit sins because one does not act with malice or cruelty. And when he atones and repents as prescribed by a spiritual preceptor he gets rid of them swiftly, same way as a welltrained physician cures the ailments. 36, 37 jahA visa kuThagacaM, maMtamUlaviyAyA, vijajA haNaMti matehi, to te havaI nidvisaM. 38 eve aThavihaM kamma, rAgadosasamajijae, AlokhaMto a niMdato, khiu haNaI susAvao. 39 kayapAvo vi majusso, AloIa niMdi gurusagAse, hoI aIregalahuo, hariabharudhdha bhAravaho. 40 jaha visam kutthagayam, manta mula visaraya; vijja hananti mantehim, to tam havai nivvisam. 38 evam atthaviham kammam, raga dosa samajjiam; aloanto a nindanto, khippam hanai susavao. 39 kaya pavo vi manusso, aloia nindia guru sagase; hoi airegalahuo, oharia bharuvva bharavaho. 40 Just as a well-trained physician removes the poison spread in a body and renders it poison free with help of right spells. The same way a layperson who has confessed and repented sincerely his sins in front of a spiritual preceptor, is able to swiftly destroy the bonds of all eight karmas formed due to aversion and attachment. And lightens his burden of sins just as a person feels lightened when he unloads the heavy burden he happens to carry. 38, 39, 40 AvarsIeNa eeNa, sAva jaIvi bahurao hoI, duphakhANamaMtakirie, kAhI aciraNa kAleNa. 41 avassaena eena, savao jaivi bahurao hoi; dukkhanamanta kiriam, kahi a chirena kalena. 41

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2 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras A layperson, who has accumulated much karmic dust due to sinful activities, will be able to destroy all the sinful sorrows by performing penitential retreat (pratikramana). 41 AloaNA bahuvihA, na ca saMbhariA paDikramaNakAle, mUlaguNauttaraguNe, te niMde taM ca garihAmi. 42 aloana bahuviha, na ya sambharia paddikkamana kale; mulaguna uttaragune, tam ninde tam cha garihami. 42 I want to reproach and reprehend in front of a spiritual preceptor for any transgressions I may have committed because of not contemplating on any lapses related to principal {(mula guna) (five lesser vows and three vows of self-discipline) } and auxiliary vows {(uttara guna) (spiritual vows of self-mortification)} at the time of performing penitential retreat. 42 tasya dhammaksa kevalipannattasma, abhuThio mi ArohaNAe, viraomi virAhaNAe, tiviheNa paDikrato, vaMdAmi jiNe cauvvIsa. 43 tassa dhammassa kevali pannattassa, abbhutthiomi arahanae; virao mi virahanae, tivihena padikkanto, vandami jine chauvvisam. 43 I am ready to follow the layman's vows laid down by Omniscients, and I bow to the 24 Pathfinders while performing penitential retreat for any sins committed through the activities of mind, speech and body. 43 jAvaMti ceIAI, urUDha a ahe A tirialoe a, savvAI tAI vade, Iha saMto tatya saMtAI. 44 jAvaMta ke vi sAhU, bharoravaya-mahAvidehe a, salaeNsiM tesiM paNao, tiviheNa tiraMDaviyANa. 45 javanti cheiaim, uddhe a ahe a tirialoe a; savvaim taim vande, iha santo tattha samtaim. 44 javanta ke vi sahu, bharaheravaya mahavidehe a; savvesim tesim panao, tivihena tidanda virayanam. 45 I who live here adore all those images of Jinas present in the upper world, lower world and the middle world. And pay my respect to all the monks, who have freed themselves from the mental verbal and bodily sins, residing in five Bharata, five Airavata and five Mahavideha continents (kshetras). 44, 45

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras cirasaMciyapAvapaNAsaNII, bhavasayasahassa-mahaNIe, cakavIsajiNavicciya-kahAI, volatu me diahA. 47 chira sanchiya pavapanasanii, bhava sayasahassa mahanie; chauvisa jina viniggaya kahai, volantu me diaha. 46 I wish to spend all my days in contemplating on the Holy Writ spoken by 24 Pathfinders, which destroys all the sins committed from eternity and brings to an end multitude of rebirths. 46 mama maMgalamarihatA, siddhA sAhu sua ca dhammo a, sammadiThI devA, dinu samAhiM ca bohiM ca. 47 mama mangalamarihanta, siddha sahu suam cha dhammo a; sammadditthi deva, dintu samahim cha bohim cha. 47 Lord Arihanta, Lord Siddha, revered monks and Holy Writ is auspicious to me. Enlightened ones bestow equanimity and right faith on me. 47 paDisiddhANaM karaNe, kiccANamakaraNe paDikkamaNuM, asahaNe A tahA, vivarIa-parUvaNAe a. 48 padisiddhanam karane, kichchanamakarane padikkamanam; asaddahane a taha, vivaria paruvanae a. 48 One should perform penitential retreat for any transgressions one may commit in respect to the following four reasons: committing forbidden activities listed in the scriptures, failing to do the pious activities, having doubt in and to speak against the scriptures. 48 khAmemi savvajIve, savva jIvA khamaMtu me, mittI me samUesa, vera majajha na keNaI. 49 khamemi savva jive, savve jiva khamantu me ; mitti me savvabhuesu, veram majjha na kenai. 49 I forgive all living beings. I seek pardon from all living beings. I am friendly towards all living beings. And seek enmity with none. 49 evamaha AloIa, nidi agarahie dugaMchie samma, tiviheNa paDito, vaMdAmi jiNe cauvvIsa. 50 evamaham aloia, nindia garahia duganchchhiam sammam; tivihena padikkanto, vandami jine chauvvisam. 50

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zo Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras I bow down to 24 Pathfinders after purifying the mind, speech and body by contemplating, reprehending, repenting and despising my sins in presence of the spiritual preceptor. 50 Explanation: As is the custom recitation of this stotra begins with first paying homage to the five supreme beings, followed by asking for forgiveness for any transgressions committed while following the house holder's vows (shravaka vratta) which a Jaina layperson will take in preparation for an ascetic life. 35. Ayaria Uvajjhae Sutra Object: Prayer of forgiveness. Sutra and Meaning: Ayariya-uvajajhAe, sIse sAhamie kulagaNe a, je me kaI kasAyA, savva tiviheNa khAmemi. 1 ayaria uvajjhae, sise sahammie kula gane a; je me kei kasaya, savve tivihena khamemi. 1 With mind, speech and body, I beg for forgiveness for violations, I may have committed due to passions, towards leaders of monastic congregation, ascetic teachers, their disciples and members of their congregation. 1 sabyassa samaNasaMghasya, bhagavao aMjaliM karia sIse, savva khamAvaIttA, khamAmi savvasTa ahayaM pi. 2 savvassa samana sanghassa, bhagavao anjalin karia sise; savvam khamavaitta, khamami savvassa ahayam pi. 2 I respectfully ask for forgiveness from the entire ascetic community for any wrongs I may have committed to them and forgive them for any wrongs they may have committed onto me. 2 savvasa jIvarAsisa, bhAvao dhammanihianiyacitto, savva khamAvaIttA, khamAmi savvasTa ahaya pi, 3 savvassa jiva rasissa, bhavo dhamma nihia nia chitto; savvam khamavaitta, khamami savvassa ahayam pi. 3

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 71 I respectfully ask for forgiveness from all living beings for any wrongs I may have committed to them and forgive them for any wrongs they may have committed onto me. 3 36. Sua Devaya Stuti Shruta Devata ni Stuti Object: Hymn of praise to Goddess of Learning Sarasvati Devi Sutra and Meaning: suadevayAe karemi kAusagga annatya. suadevayA bhagavaI, nANAvaraNIya kammasathAya, tesiM khaveu sacace, jesi suasAyare bharI. suadevyae karemi kaussaggam annattha. suadevaya bhagavai, nanavaraniya kammasanghayam; tesim khaveu sayayam, jesim suasayare bhatti. I stand in body-abandonment posture and offer my prayer to Goddess of Learning, Sarasvati Devi. O Goddess of Learning! Destroy the knowledge obscuring Karma (Jnanvarniya) of those men who always worship the Holy Writ, the ocean of right scriptural knowledge. Explanation: Only prayers are offered to heavenly gods and they are not worshiped, because they are unable to observe any vows or restraints. 37. Kshetra Devata Ni Stuti Object: Hymn of praise to Guardian Deity of Space (Kshetra Devata) Sutra and Meaning: khittadevayAe karemi kAusagga annatya, jise khite sAhU, isaNanANahiM caraNasahiehi, sAhati muphakhamagga, sA devI harau duriAI.

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72 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras khittadevayae karemi kaussaggam annattha. jise khitte sahu, dansanananehim charanasahiehim; sahanti mukkhamaggam, sa devi harau duriaim. I stand in body-abandonment posture and offer my prayer to Guardian Deity of Space. O Guardian Deity of Space! Destroy the sins of those monks with right faith, knowledge and conduct, seeking the path of liberation. 38. Kamala Dala Stuti Object: Hymn of praise to Goddess of Learning. Sutra and Meaning: kamaladalavipulanayanA, kamalamukhI kamalagarbhasamagaurI, kamale sthitA bhagavatI, dadAtu mRtadevatA siddhima. kamala dala vipula nayana, kamala mukhi kamala garbha samagauri; kamale sthita bhagvati, dadatu srutadevta siddhim. Goddess (Bhagavati) Sarasvati, whose eyes have wide oval shape like a lotus petal, face like a lotus flower, complexion as fair as the middle part of the lotus flower and sits on the lotus, grant me the ultimate release. Explanation: In this prayer beauty of Sarasvati Devi who is full of prosperity (Bhagavati) is described. Her eyes are compared to the shape of petal of lotus flower, her face to the shape of lotus flower and her complexion to the middle part of the flower. 39. Namostu Varddhamanaya Sutra Shri Vira Jina Stuti Object: Hymn of Praise of Lord Omniscient recited after completing six essential duties in evening penitential retreat (Devasika Pratikramana). Sutra and Meaning: IcchAmo aNusadiTha, namo khamAsamaNANa,

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras namoDaryasiddhAcAryopAdhyAya sarvasAdhubhya: ichchhamo anusatthi, namo khamasananam; namorhatsiddhacharyopadhyayasarvasaadhubhyah. I wish for permission from the spiritual preceptor, my obeisance to forbearing monks (kshmashramana). I pay my respect to the five supreme beings, Arihanta, Siddha, Acharya, Upadhyaya and Sadhus. namostu varjhamAnAya, spardhvamAnAya karmaNA, tajajayAvAptamokSAya, pokSAya kutIrthinA.... 1 namostu varddhamanaya, spardhamanaya karmana; tajjaya vapta moksaya, parokshaya kutirthinam. 1 I pay my obeisance to Lord Mahavira, who, after winning a constant struggle with karmas, achieved liberation, which is beyond the vision of wrong believers. 1 ceSAM vicAraviMdarAjayA, jayAya: kramakamalAvaliM dadhatyA, sadauriti saMgata prazasya, kathita saMtu zivAya te jinendrA: 2 yesam vikacha ravinda rajya, jyayah krama kamala valim dadhatya; sadashairiti sangatam prashasyam, kathitam santu shivaya te jinendrah. 2 Let the Peaceful liberators always be our benefactors. They have feet, which are soft like lotus flowers therefore when they walk their feet land on the golden lotuses created by heavenly gods. 2 kaSAyatApArditajantunirvati, karoti yo jainamukhAstudogatA, sa gumAsobhavavRSTisannibho, dadAtu tuSTi mayi vistaro girAma. 3 kashaya tapa rdita jantunir vritim, karoti yo jaina mukhambudodgatah; sa shukra masodbhava vrsti sannibho, dadhatu tustim mayi vistaro giram. 3 Let the words of Lord Jineshwara, which are like first torrential rainfall at the beginning of monsoon season, spoken through the mouth of chief disciple (gandhara); bring peace and tranquility to me. 3 Explanation: This prayer is recited to show the joy of completing all the six essential duties of evening penitential retreat. In the first verse the disciple is paying homage to Lord Mahavira who has achieved the ultimate release by his inner strength. In the second

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74 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras verse to all the Lord Jineshwaras, the benefactors of the entire mankind and in the third verse to the Holy Writ, which brings peace and calmness just like the first rains of monsoon season making the earth cool and rich for the cultivation of crops. 40. Vishala Lochana Sutra Object: Hymn of Praise for Lord Omniscient after completing six essential duties in morning penitential retreat (rai Pratikramana). Sutra and Meaning: viSAlalocanadala, proghatAMzukesarama, prArdhIrajinendrazya, mukhapadma punAtu va: 1 vishala lochana dalam, prodyadantansu kesaram; pratarvira jinendrasya, mukha padmam punatu vah. 1 Let Lord Mahavira be auspicious to all of us, whose face in the morning resembles an open lotus flower, wide oval eyes resembling petal of lotus and the shiny white teeth like the farina. 1 ceSAbhiSeka karma kRtvA, mattA harSabharAtuM sukha surendrA, tRNamapi gaNayaMti naiva nAka, prAtaH saMtu zivAya te jinendrA. 2 yeshamabhisheka karma kritva, matta harsha bharat sukham surendrah; trunamapi ganayanti naiva nakam, pratah santu shivaya te jinendrah. 2 Let all the Lord Jineshwaras be auspicious to us in the morning, whose bathing ceremony (ablution) performed by Kings of heavenly Gods bring them incomparable joy than life in heaven. 2 kalakanirmaphatamamuphatapUrNata, kutarkarAhujhasana sadodayama, apUrvacadra jinacaMdrabhASita, dinA game naumi budhairnamaskRtam. 3. kalanka-nirmukta-mamukta purnatam, kutarka rahu grasanam sadodayam; apurva chandram jinachandrabhasitam; dina game naumi budhair namaskratam. 3 I pay my respect in the morning to the Holy Writ that is untainted, ever perfect, fully manifested like a full moon and whose brightness cannot ever be obscured by any entity. 3 Explanation: This composition is made up of three verses. First verse is in praise of Lord Mahavira; second verse is in praise of all the Tirthankaras and the third verse in praise of Holy Scriptures.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras - 75 41. Varakanaka Sutra Object: Hymn of praise for 170 Pathfinders. Sutra and Meaning: varakanaka zaMkha vidruma marakataghanasannikSe vigatamohama. saptatizata jinAnA, sarvAmara pUjita vaMde. varkanaka shankha vidruma, markata ghan sannibham vigatamoham; saptatishatam jinanam, sarvamara pujitam vande. I bow to 170 passionless Pathfinders some of whom have complexions: yellow like a pure gold, white like a conch-shell, red like a coral, green like an emerald or dark black like rain-clouds. Explanation: There are 5 Bharata, Airavata and Mahavideha continents. There is one Tirthankara present at the same time in each Bharata and Airavata continent, thus 10 Tirthankaras are present in these 10 continents. Each continent of Mahavideha has 32 territories, thus there are (5x32) =160 territories of 5 Mahavideha continents. There are 160 Tirthankaras in Mahavideha as there is one Tirthankara present in each territory. Thus there are (10+160) 170 Tirthankaras in all. In the present time cycle only during Lord Ajitnath's, the second Tirthankara of our time all 170 Tirthankaras were present. 42. Shri Bhavana Devata Stuti Sutra and Meaning: bhavaNadevayAe karemi kAussagga, jJAnAdiguNayutAnAM, nitya svAdhyAyasaMcamaratAnAma: vidadhAtu bhavanadevI, ziva sadA sarvasAdhUnAma. bhavanadevayae karemi kaussaggam, gnanadigunyutanam, nityam swadhyayasamyamaratanam; viddhatu bhavanadevi, shivam sada sarva sadhunam. I stand in body-abandonment posture to worship the Mansion Dwelling Goddess (Bhavana Devata). Bhavana Devi is always benefactor to monks with right knowledge etc., and those who practice restraints (sayama) and give religious discourses.

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76 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 43. Kshetra Devata Stuti Sutra and Meaning: yasyA: kSetra samAzritya, sAdhubhiH sAyate kriyA, sA kSetra-devatA nitya, bhUyAnnaH sukha dAyinI. yasyah kshetram samashritya, sadhubhih sadhyate kria; sa kshetradevata nityam, bhuyannah sukha dayini. When religious ceremonies, are performed by monks under the protection of Guardian Deity of Space (Kshetra Devi), will always lead us all to happiness. Explanation: The above two hymns 42 and 43 are recited while performing pratikramana in the rainy season and annual pratikramana (samvatsari pratikramana) performed on the last day of great festival of spiritual awareness (Paryushana Mahaparva) 44. Addhaijjesu Sutra Muni vandana Sutra Sutra and Meaning: aDhAIjesu dIvasamudesu, panarasasu kamabhUmisa, jAvaMta ke vi sAhU. rayaharaNagucchapaDignehadhArA. 1, paMca mahalvayadhArA, aThArasa sahassa sIDaMgadhAsa, anuyAyAcarittA, te sadhdhe sirasA maNasA, matyeNa vaMdAmi. 2 addhaijjesu divasamuddesu, panarasasu kammabhumisu; javanta ke vi sahu, raya harana guchchha padiggaha dhara. 1 pancha maha vvaya dhara, attharasa sahassa silanga dhara; akkhuya yara charitta, te savve sirasa manasa, mattheana vandami. 2 I salute all the monks of fifteen lands of toil (karmabhumi) located in two and half islands, who keep a broom made of wool (rajoharana), a wooden pot, a piece of cloth made of wool (guchha) to cover the pot; strict observers of 5 major vows, sacred rules and ethical codes of conduct and 18000 types and subtypes of restraints. 1, 2

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Explanation: The number of 18000 restraints is calculated as follows: 10 for ten cardinal virtues, 10 for all the categories of living beings (5 for one sense organs, 3 for 2-4 sense organs, 2 for 5 sense organs with and without knowledge), 5 for each sense organs, 4 for each type of transgression regards to food, fear, sex and possessions and 3 type of activities (mind, speech and body) (10x10x5x4x3)=6000x 3 types of actors it comes to 18000 restraints. 45. Laghu Shanti Stava Sutra Object: In this short hymn, Lord Shantinatha is praised by using many different adjectives. Sutra and Meaning: zAMti zAMti nizAMta, zata zatAziva namaskRtya, stotuH zAMti nimitta, maMtrapade zAMtaye staumi. 1 shantim shanti nishatam, santam santashivam namaskrutya; stotuh shantinimittam, mantrapadaih shantaye staumi. 1 Lord Shantinatha, the storehouse of peace, passionless, whose all the calamities have been destroyed and who bestows peace on the worshipers, I pay respect to you by reciting this hymn of praise in the form of couplets. 1 omiti nizcita vaMcase, namo namo bhagavatehaMta pUjAma zAMtijinAya jayavate, yazasvine svAmine daminAma. 2 omiti nishchita vachase, namo namo bhagvaterhate pujam; shantijinaya jayavate, yashasvine swamine daminam. 2 Lord Shantinatha, like the letter Om your words are the truth. You are divine (aishwarya), worshipful, conqueror of attachments and aversions, victorious, repressor of senses and master of ascetics; I salute you again and again. 2 sakalA tizeSaka mahI, saMpatti-samanvitAya zasyAya, railokayapujitAya ca, namo nama: zAMtidevAya. 3

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78 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras sakalatisheshaka maha sampatti, samanvitaya shasyaya;trailokyapujitaya cha, namo namah shanti devaya. 3 Lord Shantinatha you who possesses 34 special qualities (atishaya), praiseworthy and is worshiped by living beings of all three worlds, I salute you. 3 sarvAsusamUha, svAmika-sapUjitAya na jitAya, bhuvanajanapAlanodhata, tamAya satata namastasmR. 4 sarvamara su samuha swamika, sampujitaya na jitaya; bhuvanajanapalanodyata, tamaya satatam namastasmai. 4 I salute you for ever, O Lord Shantinatha who is ever ready to protect living beings of all three worlds, who is worshiped and is undefeated by entire assembly of celestial beings and their rulers the 64 Indras. 4 savaidutiaughanAzana karAya, sarvAzivaprazamanAya, duSTagahabhUtapizAca, zAkinInAM pramathanA. 5 sarvaduritaughnashana karaya, sarvashiv prasamanaya; dushtagrahabhutapishacha, shakininam pramathanaya. 5 My salutations to you forever, Lord Shantinatha, who destroys all the evils and contains all calamities including those, created by evil planetary gods (graha), ghosts, evil spirits (pishacha) and witches (shakini). 5 yasyati nAmamaMtra, pradhAnavAkayopayogakRtatoSA, vijayA kurute janahita, miti ca nutA namata te zAMtima. 7 yasyeti nama mantra pradhana vakyopayoga krutatosha; vijaya kurute jana hita, miti cha nuta namata tam shantim. 6 I salute you Lord Shantinatha; listening to your spell bound name repeatedly has brought immense pleasure to Goddess of Victory (Vijaya Devi) who is adored by the people, as she is their benefactor. 6 bhavatu namaste bhagavati, vijaye sujaye parApaairajite! aparAjita ! jagatyAM, jayatIti jayAvaha bhavati! 7. bhavatu namaste bhagavati! vijaye! sujaye! paraparairajite! aparajite! jagatyam, jayatiti jayavahe! bhavati! 7 I salute you O! Devine (Bhagavati), Vijaya, Sujya, Ajita and Aparajita all four Goddesses who are undefeatable, always

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras victorious (Jayavaha) and helpful (Bhavati Devi), as strength of your mystic formulae/spells (mantra shastra) mysteriously brings triumph on this world. 7 (Bhagavati means Divine, Vijaya means Victorious in a special way, Sujya means victorious in an auspicious way, Anita means Unconquerable, Aparajita means Undefeatable and Bhavati means helpful). The next eight (8 to 15) verses are in praise of Vijaya Devi (Goddess of Victory). sarvacApi ca saMghaca, bhadrakalyANamaMgalaprade, sAdhunAM ca sadAziva, sutuSTipuSTiprada jIyA: 8 sarvasyapi cha sanghasya, bhadrakalyana mangalapradade! sadhunam cha sada shiva, su tushti pushti prade! jiyah. 8 I salute you! O Goddess! Who is beneficial and auspicious to entire fourfold Jaina congregation, and gives mental peace (sutushti) and brings prosperity (pushti) to revered monks, 8 bhavyAnA kRtasiddhiH nivRttinirvANajanani: sattAnAma, abhayapradAnaniratenamostu svastiprade tuccama. 9 bhavyanam krutasiddhe! nivrutinirvanajanani! sattvanam; abhayapradananirate ! namostu svastiprade tubhyam. 9 I salute you O Goddess! Who fulfils the goals of suitable emancipators (bhavya jivas) by always looking after their wellbeing, protecting, bringing them eternal peace and ultimate release. 9 bhakatAnA jaMtUnA zubhAvaha. nityamudyate. devI! samyagadraSTinAM dhRti, rati mati-buddhi-pradAnAya. 10 jinazAsananiratAnAM, zAMtinatAnA ca jagati janatAnAma, zrI saMpatkIrti cazo vardhvani! jayadevi: vijayava 11 bhaktanam jantunam, shubhavahe! nityamudyate! devi! samyagdrshtinam dhruti rati, mati buddhi pradanaya. 10 jinashasananiratatanam, shantinatanam cha jagati janatanam; shrisampatkirtiyasho varddhani! jaya devi! vijayasva. 11 Oh Goddess! You bestow love, patience, understanding and knowledge to the people with right faith, benefactor of devoted souls, and the followers of Jain religious order. You who is dedicated to Jaina religious order and pays obeisance to Lord

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80 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras Shantinatha, please expand their wealth, increase their glory and accomplishments, may you be triumphant and victorious. 10, 11 salilAnalaviSaviSadhara, duSTagaharAjarogaraNabhayatA, rAkSasariyugaNamArI, cauratikSApadAdilya:. 12 atha rakSa rakSa suziva, kuru kuru zAMtiza kuru kuru sati, tuSTi kuru kuru puSTi, kuru kuru svatiza kuru kuru vam. 13 salilanalavishavihadhara, dushtagraharajarogarana bhayatah; rakshasaripuganamari, chaureti svapadadibhyah. 12 atha raksha raksha sushivam, kuru kuru shantim cha kuru kuru sadeti; tushtim kuru kuru pushtim, kuru kuru svastim cha kuru kuru tvam. 13 O Goddess! Protect us from fear of water, fire, poison, snakes, evil planetary gods, kings, wars, monsters (rakshasha), plagues, robbers, wild hunting animals, ghosts, evil spirits and witches; give us eternal peace, full satisfaction, strength and prosperity. 12, 13 bhagavati! guNavati: ziva-zAMti, suSTi puSTi svastIha kuru kuru janAnAma, omiti namo namo hU hU hUM ca: kSaH hrIM phUTa phUTa svAhA 14 evaM cannAmAkSara, purassara sastutA jayAdevI, kUrute zAMti namatAM, namo nama: zAMtaye tamai. 15 bhagavati! gunavati! shiva shanti, tushti pushti svastiha kuru kuru jananam; omiti namo namo hram hrim hrum hrah, yah kshah hrim phat phat svaha. 14 evam yannamakshara purassaram, sanstuta jayadevi; kurute shantim namatam, namo namah shantaye tasmai. 15 Oh divine! Virtuous! Goddess Jaya! Be our benefactor, protector and bestow peace, strength and satisfaction on us. You who is praised with "Om, namo, namo, hram, hrim, hrum, rah yah kshah hrim, phut-phut swaha", the mystic-spell made of letters of Lord Shantinatha's name. I pay my obeisance to him. 14, 15 Iti pUrvasUridarzita, maMtrapadavidarbhitaH stavaH zAMte, salilAdibhayavinAzI, zAtyAdikarazca bhakitamatA. 17 iti purvasuridarshita, mantrapadavidarbhitah stavah shanteh; saliladibhayavinashi, shantyadikarashcha bhaktimatam. 16 This way, as shown by masters of the past, the hymn of praise of Lord Shantinatha, composed with mystical formulae/spells, is destroyer of all fears and brings peace to the devotees. 16

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras cacaina paThati sadA, zRNoti bhAvayati vA yathAyoga sahi zAMtipadaM cAyAt, sUri: zrImAnadevaza. 17 yashchainam pathati sada, shrunoti bhavayati va yathayogam; sa hi shantipadam yayat, surih shrimanadevashcha. 17 81 Any person, who recites, listens and contemplates on this hymn everyday as well as the composer of the hymn Acharya Shri Manadeva Suri, may very quickly achieve eternal peace. 17 upasargA: kSaya yAnti, chidaMte vinavallaya:, mana: prasannatAmeti, pUyamAne jinezvare. 18 upasargah kshyam yanti, chhidyante vighna vallayah; manah prasannatameti, pujyamane jineshvare. 18 Worship of Lord Shantinatha destroys all calamities, creepers of obstacles are exterminated and the mind becomes pure and clear. 18 sarva maMgala mAMgalya, sarva kalyANa kAraNa, pradhAnaM sarva dharmANAM, jainama jayati zAsanam. 19 sarva mangala mangalyam, sarva kalyana karanam; pradhanam sarva dharmanam, jainam jayati shasanam. 19 The holiest among all, the prosperous among all; the supreme among all the religions, is the holy law of Jina. 19 Explanation: City of Nadol was suffering from plague created by a witch. Agreeing to the request of the Jain community of the city, Shri Manadeva Suri composed this hymn to get rid of the plague. Shri Manadeva Suri was blessed by Padma, Jaya, Vijaya, and Aparajita, the four goddesses; due to their mystic power the city was saved from the disaster created by the plague.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 46. Chaukkasaya Sutra ise of Lord Parshvanatha. Sutra and Meaning: caukkasAyapaDimallUraNa, dujayamayaNabANamusumUraNa, sarasapiyaguvanuM gayagAmile, jaya pAsu bhuvaNagyasAmika. 1 chaukkasaya padimallulluranu, dujjaya mayana bana musumuranu; sarasa piyangu vannu gaya gamiu, jayau pasu bhuvana ttaya samiu. 1 Lord Parshvanatha, who is the master of all three worlds, who is endowed with golden complexion and walks like an elephant, who is destroyer of all four passions and has cut apart the Cupid's arrow, may you be ever victorious. 1 jasu taNukaMtikaDamparisiddhau, sohaI phaNimaNikiraNA siddhau, naM navajalahara taDilsayalaMchiuM, so jiNa pAsu payacchau vaMchiu. 2 jasu tanu kanti kadappa siniddhau, sohai phani mani kirana liddhau; nam nava jala hara tadillaya lanchhiu, so jinu pasu payachchhau vanchhiu. 2 Lord Parshvanatha, whose graceful body shines with rays emitted by the jewel on the hood of the cobra covering his head and by lightening accompanying the torrential rain, grant me that what I desire. 2 Explanation: This hymn of praise (chaitya vandana) of Lord Parshvanatha is recited while performing samayika and Pratikramana. 47. Mannaha Jinanam Sajjhaya Sutra Object: The description of 36 essential duties of a layperson. Sutra and Meaning: mannAha jiNANamANa, miccha pariharaha varaha sammatta, chabUiha Avasmayami, ujajutto hoI paI divasa. 1

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 83 mannaha jinanamanam, michchham pariharaha, dharaha sammattam; chhavviha avassayammi, ujjutto hoi paidivasam. 1 Obey Lord Jineshwaras' commands (1), give up perverted beliefs (2), accept right faith (3) and always diligently perform the six essential duties (6), (9 essentials). 1 palvesu posahavayaM, dANa sIla tavo A bhAvo a, sajajhAca namukkAro, parovayAro a jayaNA a. 2 pavvesu posahavayam, danam silam tavo a bhavo a; sajjhaya namukkaro, parovayaro a jayana a. 2 Do fasting for 48 hours (paushadhvrata) during religious festivals (10), give charities to suitable persons (11), be celibate (12), observe external austerities (13), contemplate on 12 themes of meditation (bhavna) (14), study the scriptures (swadhyaya) (15), pay obeisance to five supreme beings (16), be benevolent and help others to the best of your ability (17), and protect all living beings (18) (18 essentials). 2 jiNa puA jiNathaNaNa, guruthuA sAhamiANa vacchae, vavahArassa ya suddhi, raha jattA titya jattA ya. 3 jina pua jina thunanam, guru thua sahammiana vachchhallam; vavaharassa ya suddhi, raha jatta tittha jatta ya. 3 Worship Lord Jineshwaras (19), recite the hymns of praise of Lord Jineshwaras (20), recite the hymns of praise of spiritual preceptor (21), be affectionate towards coreligionists (22), be honest in all business transactions (23), organize religious processions (24) and go to pilgrimages (25) (25 essentials). 3 visama vivega savara, bhAsA samaI che jIva karuNA ca, dhammia jaNa sasago, karaNa damo caraNa pariNAmo. 4 uvasama vivega samvara, bhasa samii chha jiva karuna ya; dhammia jana sansaggo, karana damo charana parinamo. 4 Control the passions (26), be courteous (27), refrain from sinful activities (28), keep control over speech (29), show compassion to all living beings (30), keep the company of righteous people (31), keep control over the senses (32) and strive to achieve right conduct (33) (33 essentials). 4 saghovari bahumANo, putyaya lihaNa pabhAvaNA titya, saphaDhANa kiccame, nirca suguruvaeNa. 5

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras sanghovari bahu mano, putthaya lihanam pabhavana titthe; saddhana kichchameam, nichcham su guru vaesenam. 5 Respect and honor the four fold religious order (sangha) (35), give support for publishing books on religion, and engage in activities that will propagate the religion (36). These are the thirty-six supreme duties of a layperson as prescribed in the discourse of spiritual preceptors. 5 Explanation: As described in this hymn all the essential duties are self-explanatory and easy to understand. Since a layperson does not give up the worldly possessions completely, these activities should be performed, as they are beneficial to one-self. They help a person to become righteous and bring equanimity. Other people who are in close contact will also be attracted to join the congregation. 48. Bharahesara Sajjhaya Object: This sajjhaya (swadhyaya) is intended to eulogize the extra ordinary great persons who lived in the past. It is recited in the morning hours of (rai) pratikramana. Sutra and Meanings: bhArahetara bAhubalI, abhayakumAro a DhaDhaNakumAro, sirio aNiAutto, aImutto nAgadatto a. 1 bharahesara bahubali, abhayakumaro a dhandhanakumaro; sirio annniautto, aimutto nagadatto a. 1 Emperor Bharat, Bahubali, Abhayakumar, Dhandhankumar, Shriyak (younger brother of Sthulibhadra), Arnikaputra, Atimuktakumar, and Nagdutt. 1 meajaja thUlabhado, vaya risI naMdiseNa siMhagirI, kayavanno a sukosala, puMDario kesI karaThaMDU. 2 meajja thulabhaddo, vayararisi nandisena sinhagiri; kayavanno a sukosala, pundario kesi karakandu. 2

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 85 Metaraj Muni, Sthulibhadra, Vajra Swami, Nandishen, Sinha Giri, Krutpunya, Sukoshal Muni, Pundarika Muni, Keshi Kumar and Karkundu Muni. 2 halla vihalla suisaNa, sAla mahAsAla sAlibha a, bhaddo dasanna bhado, pasannacado a jasabho, 3 halla vihalla sudansana, sala mahasala salibhaddo a; bhaddo dasannabhaddo, pasannachando a jasabhaddo. 3 Hall Kumar, Vihall Kumar, Sudarshan Sheth, Shal Muni, Maha Shal Muni, Shalibhadra, Bhadrabahu Swami, King Dasharnabhadra, Prasannachandra Muni and Yashobhadrasuri. 3 jaMbupaC vaMkacUlo, gayasukumAlo avaMtisukumAlo, dhanno IlAIputto, cilAIpuro a bAhuguNI. 4 jambupahu vankachulo, gayasukumalo avantisukumalo; dhanno ilaiputtto, chilaiputto a bahumuni. 4 Jambu Swami, Vankachul, Gajasukumal, Avantisukumal, Dhana Sheth, Illaichiputra, Chilaitiputra and Yuga Bahu Muni. 4, agirI, ajarakhiA , ajasuhandI udAyago, maNago, kAlayasUri saMbo, pajajunno mUladevo a. 5 ajjagiri ajjarakkhia, ajjasuhatthi udayago manago; kalayasuri sambo, pajjunno muladevo a. 5 Aryamahagiri, Aryarakshitsuri, Aryasuhastisuri, Udayan Rajarshi, Manakputra, kalikacharya, Shambkumar, Pradyumankumar and King Muldev 5. pabhava vihukumAraze, adrakumAro daDhauhArI a, sijarjasa dUragaDU a, sijarjabhava mehakumAra a. 7 pabhavo vinhukumaro, addakumaro dadhappahari a; sijjansa kuragadu a, sijjambhava mehakumaro a. 6 Prabhav Swami, Vishnukumar, Ardrakumar, Dadhprahari, Shreyans kumar, Kurgadu Muni, Shayambhav Acharya and Meghakumar. 6 emAI mahAsattA, ditu suha guNa gaNehiM saMjuttA, jesiM nAmaggahaNe, pAvappabadhA vilaya naMti. 7 emai mahasatta, dintu suham guna ganehim sanjutta; jesim namaggahane, pavappabandha vilayam janti. 7 On reciting the names of these and other such extra ordinary virtuous persons brings us tranquility and destroys our sins. 7

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86 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras sulasA caMdanabAlA, moramA macaNarehA damayaMtI, namayAsuMdarI sIyA, naMdA bhaddA subhaddA ya. 8 sulasa chandanbala, manorama mayanareha damayanti; namayasundari siya, nanda bhadda subhadda ya. 8 Sulsa, Chandanbala, Manorma, Madanrekha, Damayanti, Narmadasundari, Sita sati, Nanda, Bhadra Shethani and Subhadra. 8 rAImaI risidattA, paumAvaI aMjaNA sirIdevI, ji. sujiTjha migAvaI, prabhAvaI cillaNA devI. 9 raimai risidatta, paumavai anjana siridevi; jittha sujittha migavai, pabhavai chillana devi. 9 Shridevi, Rajimati, Rushidatta, Padmavati, Anjanasundari, Jyeshtha, Sujyeshtha, Mrugavati, Prabhavati and Chelni Rani. 9 baMbhI suMdarI ruppiNI, revaI kuMtI sivA jayaMtI ya, devaI dovaI dhAraNI, kalAvaI pucUlA ca. 10 bambhi sundari ruppini, revai kunti siva jayanti ya; devai dovai dharani, kalavai pupphachula ya. 10 Brahmi, Sundari, Rukmani, Revati Shravika, Kunti, Shiva, Jayanti, Devki, Draupadi, Dharini, Kalavati and Puspachula. 10 paumAvaI ya gorI, gaMdhArI lakhmaNA susImA ca, jaMbuvaI saccabhAmA, ruppiNI karNA. mahisIo. 11 paumavai ya gori, gandhari lakkhamana susima ya; jambuvai sachchabhama, ruppini kanhattha mahisio. 11 Padmavati, Gauri, Gandhari, Lakshmani, Susima, Jambuvati, Satyabhama, Rukmani, all these eight Royal Queens of Lord Krishna. 11 jakhA ya jadinnA, bhUA taha ceva bhUadinA ya, seNA veNA reNA, bhaINIo thUlabhasa. 12 jakkha ya jakkhadinna, bhua taha cheva bhuadinna ya; sena vena rena, bhainio thulbhaddassa. 12 Yaksha,Yakshdatta, Bhuta, Bhutdutta, Sena,Vena, Rena, all these seven sisters of Sthulibhadra. 12 IccAI mahAsaIo, jayaMti akalaMkasIlaliAo, ajja vi vajjaI jAsiM, jasa paDaho tihuaNe sayale. 13 ichchai mahasaio, jayanti akalankasilakaliao; ajja vi vajjai jasim, jasa padaho tihuane sayale. 13

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 87 All of these above listed chaste women bearer of immaculate disposition and conduct, whose fame is spread over three worlds even today, may they all be triumphant. 13 Explanation: In this hymn there are names of 53 virtuous men and 47 chaste women who in their lives have shown extra ordinary virtues and have tremendously influenced the law of Jina in a positive way. Reciting the names of such great men and women will bring tranquility to our soul. 49. Sakala tirtha Vandana Sutra Object: To pay obeisance to all the mobile (ashasvata) and stationary (shasvata) temples, images of lord Jineshwaras, and to prominent heavenly gods and seers. Sutra and Meanings: sakala tIrtha vadu kara joDa, jinavara nAme maMgala kroDa, pahele svarge lAkha batrIza, jinavara caitya namuM nizadIza. 1 sakala tirtha vandun kara joda, jinvara name mangala kroda; pahele svarge lakha batrisha, jinvara chaitya namu nisha disha. With the hands clasped, I worship all the places of pilgrimage, because millions of beneficial things happen on reciting the name of Lord Jinwara. In the first heaven there are 32 hundred thousand Jina-Temples, I pay my respect daily to all the Jina images sitting in them. 1 bIje lAkha aThAvIza kahyAM, trIje bAra lAkha sadahyAM, cothe svarga aDalakha dhAra, pAMcame vaMduM lAkha ja cAra. 2 bije lakha atthavisha kahyana, trije bar lakha saddahya; chothe svarge adalakha dhara, panchame vandun lakha ja chara. 2 In the second heaven there are 28 hundred thousand, in the third 12 hundred thousand, in the fourth 8 hundred thousand and 4 hundred

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras thousand temples in the fifth heaven. I pay my homage to all the Jina images in them. 2 chaThe svarga sahasa pacAza, sAtame cAlIza sahasa prAsAda, AThame svarga cha hajAra, nava dazame vaDuM zata cAra. 3 chhatthe svarge sahasa pachasha, satme chalisha sahasa prasada; athame svarge chha hajara, nava dashame vandun shata chara. 3 In the sixth heaven there are 50 thousand, seventh 40 thousand, eighth 6 thousand, ninth 4 hundred and 4 hundred temples in the tenth heaven, I pay homage to all Jina images in them. 3 agyAra bArame traNaze sAra, nava raiveyake traNaze aDhAra, pAMca anuttara sarve malI, lAkha corAsI adhika valI. 4 agyara barame tranashe sara, nava graiveyake tranashe adhara pancha anuttara sarve mali, lakha chorashi adhikan vali. 4 In the eleventh heaven there are 3 hundred, twelfth 3 hundred, in nine Grayvayakas 318, in five heavens of spiritual conquest (anuttara) 5, in all there are more than 84 hundred thousand Jain temples. 4 Explanation: There are five heavens of Spiritual Conquest on topmost part of the Upper World. These are Vijaya, Vaijayanta, Jayanta, Aparajita and Sarvarthasiddha. In the first four, the gods will take only two more births as humans before attaining liberation. Gods in the Sarvarthasiddha, the highest and most sublime will take only one more birth as humans before attaining the liberation. The Grayvayakas are so named because they are located near the neck of the Jaina cosmos. sahasa sattANu trevIza sAra, jinavara bhavanataNo adhikAra, lAMbA so jojana vistAra, pacAsa UMcA bahotera dhAra. 5 sahasa sattanu trevisha sara, jinvara bhavana tano adhikara; lamba so jojana vistara, pachasa uncha bahontera dhara. 5 There are 97,023 thousand exquisite temples of Lord Jineshwaras. According to the description in scriptures the dimensions of each temple in the upper world are 100 Yojanas in length (1 Yojana is 4

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras 89 miles), 50 Yojanas wide and 72 Yojanas in height. I pay homage to all of them. 5. ekaso ezI biMba pramANa, sabhAsahita eka caitya jANa, so phroDa bAvana kroDa saMbhAla, lAkha corANuM sahasa caAla. 7 ekaso enshi bimba pramana, sabha sahita eka chaitye jana; so kroda bavana kroda sambhala, lakha choranu sahasa chauala. 6 It should be remembered that in each Jina Temple with the assembly hall there are 180 images of Jina, the ones without an assembly hall, each have 120 images that makes 152 million 94 hundred thousand and 40 thousand images (1,529,444,760) I bow to all of them. 6 sAtase upara sATha vizAla, savi biMba praNamuM traNa kAla, sAta phroDane bahotera lAkha, bhavanapatimAM devala bhAkha. 7 satse upara satha vishala, savi bimba pranamu trana kala; sata krodane bahontera lakha, bhavanapatima devala bhakha. 7 In abyss (deep part) of the middle world {residence for Bhavanapati, (palace dwelling celestial beings)} there are 7 million 72 thousand huge temples (77,200,000). 7 ekalo ezI biMba pramANa, eka eka caitye saMkhyA jANa, teraze kroDa naivyAzI kroDa, sATha lAkha vadu karajoDa. 8 ekaso enshi bimba pramana, eka eka chaitye sankhya jana; terasen kroda nevyashi kroda, satha lakha vandun karajoda. 8 In each temple there are 180 images of Jinas, the total comes to 1389 million and 60 thousand images (13,896,000,000). 8 batrIse ne ogaNasATha, tiraskRlokamAM caityano pATha, traNa lAkha ekANu hajAra, traNaze vIza te biMba juhAra. 9 batrisen ne oganasatha, tirchhalokaman chaityano patha; trana lakha ekanu hajara, transen visha te bimba juhara. 9 In the middle world there are 3259 Jain temples, with 3 hundred thousand 91 thousand 3 hundred and 20 (391,320) images in them.

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90 Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras vyaMtara jayotiSImAM vaLI jeha, zAzvata jina vadhuM teha, RSabha, caMdrAnana, vAriSaNa, vardhamAna nAme guNasana. 10 vyantara jyotisiman vali jeha, shashvata jina vandun teha; rushabha, chandranana varisena, vardhamana name gunasena. 10 In the regions of forest dwelling gods (vyantardeva) and luminous gods (jyotishika deva) there are innumerable temples. I pay my homage to all the images of Jinas in permanently located temples whose names are Rushabh, Chandranana, Varishena and Vardhmana. 10 sametazikhara vadhuM jina vIza, aSTApada vadhuM covIza, vimalAcalane gaDha giranAra, Abu upara jinavara juhAra. 11 sammetashikhara vandun jina visha, astapada vandun chovisha! vimalachalne gadha girnara, abu upara jinvara juhara. 11 I pay homage and praise all the 20 images on Sametashikhara, 24 images on Ashtapad Mountain, and all the images on Shatrunjaya (Vimalachala), Girnara and Abu. 11 zaMkhezvara kesariyo sAra, tAraMge zrI ajita juhAra, aMtariphakha varakAro pAsa, jIrAulone thaMbhaNa pAsa. 12 shankheshvara kesario sara, tarange shri ajita juhara; antarikkha varkano pasa, jiraulo ne thambhana pasa. 12 I pay homage to Lord Parshvanatha at Shankheshwara, Lord Ajitnatha at Kesariyaji and Taranga, Antriksha and Varkana Parshvanatha, Jiravala and Stambhana Parshvanatha. 12 gAma nagara pura pATaNa jeha, jinavaracaitya namuM guNageha, viharamAna vaheM jina vIza, siddha anata namuM nizadiza. 13 gama nagara pura patana jeha, jinvara chaitya namun guna geha; viharmana vandun jina visha, siddha ananta namun nishdisha. 13 I pay homage to all the images in temples of villages, towns, cities and capitol cities of all the provinces of Bharata and every day I revere the 20 existing Tirthankaras of Mahavideha continent and infinite number of perfected souls (Siddhas) who have achieved the ultimate release (siddhapada). 13.

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Exposition of Pratikramana Stotras aDhIdviIpamAM je aNagAra, aDhAra sahasa sIlIMganA ghAra, paMcamahAvata samiti sAra, pALe paLAve pacAcAra. 14 bAhya abhyatara tapa ujamAla, te muni vaMduM guNamaNimAla, nita nita UThI kIrti karuM, "jIva" kahe bhava-sAyara taruM. 15 adhidvipaman je anagara, adhara sahasa silangana dhara; panchamahavrata samiti sara, pale palave panchachar. 14 bahya abhyantara tapa ujamala, te muni vandun gunamanimala; nita nita uthi kirti karun, "jiva' kahe bhava sayara tarun. 15 I pay homage every morning to all the sages of two and half islands (adhidwipa) who strictly observe themselves and help others to observe the eighteen thousands restraints, 5 major vows, the path of 5 fold vigilance (samiti) and 5 categories of ethical behavior (achara), who have mastered 6 types of external and 6 types of internal austerities and who are full of pious attributes like a string of precious stones. "Thus", says Jiv Vijay maharaj, the composer of this sutra "I will cross the ocean of the mundane existence". 14, 15. so 30.

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92 REFRENCES 1. Avashyaka Kriya Sadhana: Compiled by Shri Pareshkumar Jasvantlal Shah. (Gujarati) 2. Jain Tatva Prakash: by Dhirajlal Mehta. (Gujarati) 3. Jaina Yoga: by R. William. (English)