Essentials of Samadhishataka

Author(s): B M Chamke
Publisher: S B Chamke Barshi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/006572/1

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ESSENTIALS OF SAMADHI SHATAKA (A COMMENTARY ON POOJYAPADACHARYA'S SYSTEM.) 2332 PROF. B. M. CHAMKE

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11 Acharya Poojyapada Namostute !! ESSENTIALS OF N SAMADHI SHATAKA -- BY PROF. B. M. CHAMKE M. A. Head, Dept. of philosophy * S. B. Z. College, Barsi - 413 401. Chairman, Board of studies in philosophy, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. ( India ) - FOREWORD -- BY DR. SURENDRA S, BARLINGE M. A., Ph.D Professor Emeritus of philosophy. Chairman, Maharashtra State Board of Literature and culture, Mantralaya, Bombay - 32 ( India )

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B Publisher: D 1 Smt. S. B. Chamke Mahadeva Nivasa, 1552/9, Agalgaon Road, BARSHI 413 401. Dist. Sholapur, ( India ). [ All rights are reserved by the publisher ] First Edition : 1987. PRICE: RS. 60-00. W Printed by: Raj Printing Press 3142, Gavale Galli, Barshi H 413 401. (India)

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HORE WORD BY Dr. Surendra S. Barlinge Pro. B. M. Chamke is a well-known Teacher and a Scholar of Philosophy. His present work, " Essentials of Samadhi Shataka" is a result of his scholarship and relentless hard work. Samadhi Shataka which is sometimes known as Jain Geeta has a unique place in Jain Thought. Our philosophers have preferred to write Philosophy literature in Sutra style. The author of Samadhi Shataka was known as pUjya pAdAcArya and was an authority on Sanskrit Grammar and Philosophy. He was also a poet. He was originally a Brahmana, a son of Madhavbhatt and Shridevi. But later, he became an adherent of Jainism. Some of his well-known other works are jaineMdra vyAkaraNa, sarvArthasiddho, jainAbhiSeka & chaMdazAstra. "Samadhi Shataka" consists of 105 verses. The subject matter of the book is concerned with the 3 States of Atman1) Bahiratman 2) Antaratman & 3)Paramatman. The terms Bahiratnan and Antaratman would

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remind one of Gaudapada who discusses the concepts of Bahiratman and Antaratman, although he calls them Vishva and Tejas. According to the author of the present work Bahiratman and Antaratman finally lead us to the all pervading Atman or Paramatman. Jain Philosophy is very important in several ways. Its doctrine of anekanta, its logic of Fata and its categories of 017-317, TH-37TH etc., and a special doctrine of Astikaya, if properly worked out, may lead to important developments in philosophical thonght. Icar, the author of " Samadhi Shataka" was brought up in this reach tradition of Jainism and with his creative genius he enriched the Jain world of philosophy. The main problem of Samadhi Shataka is regarding the determination of the status of Atman. In fact, to determine the status of Atman is the basic problem before all systems of philosophy like Advaita, Visistadvaita etc. Jainism also thinks that the Atman is self-luminous and of the nature of Ananda

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III The work is written in pithy style. It therefore has to be expanded So as to make people understend it. Prof. Chamke has, I believe, done this magnificently. Prof. Chamke's work, therefore, could be regarded as a little Bhashya on this great work. I congratulate Prof. Chamke for uncovering this treasure of Indian thought and making it available to common man. I have no doubt that Prof. Chamke has done Yeoman's service to the philosophy community, in generel, and scholars of Jain philosophy in particular, by undertaking and completing this particular project. I congratulate Prof. Chamke, once again ! September 7, 1987, Bombay. nai

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*** CONTENTS * Page No. 63 1. Foreword - Dr. S. S. Barlinge, Bombay. I 2. Contents 3. Views from Scholars - * Ashok H. Shaha, Barshi. VII * Vijaykumar M. Madhekar (Doshi), Barshi, 4. Introduction - B. M. Chamke (Author) 7 5. Three distinctions of Soul (4) 6. Nature of the tripartite Soul (5) 35 7. No sexual partitions in Soul (23) 8. Nature of Soul (24) 65 9. To be Supreme Soul what should be done ? (27) 10. The way to attain the Paramatma (30) 74 11. The way to be inmoved in Soul (32) 76 12. The distinction between ignorant and Philosopher. (42) 13. Distinction between Bahiratma and Paramatma. (60) 113 14. Soul is the master of Soul. (75) 127 15. The modes of waking and sleeping of the knower and ignorant (78) 16. Need of faith. (95) 142 17 Refutation of the Charvaka and Samkhya views. (100) 147 90 129

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VI BY THE SAME AUTHOR 1. Shraddha (Marathi poetry) 2. The Heart of Virashaivism 3. Essentials of Samadhi Shataka 4. Jainism and its contribution (Und. print) 5. Femality (Und print) ...... BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 1. Mokshapahuda - Acharya Kundakundadeva 2 Samadhi Shatak (Original Sanskrit) - Poojyapadacharya

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masparopAyajInAma VIEWS FROM SCHOLARS - BY --- Shri. Ashok Harakachand Shaha Barshi - 413 401 A savant, and a scholar in Jain Philosophy. " Essentials of Samadbi Shataka " written by Prof. B. M Chamke is a subtle and critical interpretation of Poojyapadacharya's understanding (Darshan) of SoulVision and reveals and visualises many unknown and abstruse points therein with clarity and comparision with the Western parallels; and so the work-done containing original material is authenticated and systematic; and I hope it may illuminate the way of those who are treading the path to the Ultimate Paramatma.

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VIII I wish all the success to this spiritual volume containing impratial and scholarly treatment of the Subject ! Barshi - 413 401. September 7, 1987. ASOA

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BY * Shri Vijayakumar M. Madhekar ( Doshi ) A Reputed Scholar in Jain philosophy, an Author, prize - man and a social worker. * An erudite, subtle and critical interpretation of Poojyapadacharya's Samadhi Shatak, a philosophy of Soul-Realization, was very earnestly demanded, especially its English rendering was ardently needed by the Jain Community since long ago; and to meet this demand Prof. B. M. Chamke, a learned interpreter of Jain philosophy and culture has done this with a great zeal and vigour and subtle view from the religious and moral, mystical and scientific points of view, As far as my knowledge goes it seems to me that in our country, Bharata, it is only Prof. Chamke's interpretation of this Samadhi Shataka rendered into English verson is the first work-done; and it may, I hope, stand in the first rank if somewhere it is found to be done! Between the covers of this spiritual volume in course of its introduction Prof. Chamke with inimitable felicity and vigour of style has irrevocably tried his level

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best to conclusively prove that as there is a mention of some Teerthankars - Rshabhanatha, Ajitanatha etc. in Yajurveda so it naturally follows that Jainism, a rich cultural heritage of India, must be prior to Vedas too ! This is, I think, the most typical and important point which Prof. Chamke has very skilfully tackled and brought to the notice of the people. This point of his naturally tends to root out the vetdict that the Vedas are Anadi. In the end, I appreciate that prof. Chamke has not only displayed a profound grasp of the contents in Samadhi Shataka but also has exhibited an admirable skill while interpreting as to how one has to reach the Paramatma, the Absolute Bliss, with the aid of Antaratma by repudiating the Bahiratma. While concluding I feel that this book is a great contribution to Jain philosophy and culture, and it may be highly appreciated both at home and abroad hope | ! Barshi - 413 401 Date 16-9-1987

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Introduction Pujyapada was a unique figure in the Philosophy, He was a genuine history of Jain thinker and verstile scholar, who exerted incalculable influence on the entire of and popularizing the Jain Pujyapada was an offshoot of Jain yet he has contributed something of his cwn of a high rank, valuable and Philosophy and uplifted it to lasting to Jain its supreme summit ! Though tradition, an development Philosophy. In any rational thinking and logical conclusion, 'what' implies 'when' and to this effect, I think, 'what' of Pujyapada necessarily demands the 'when' of his traditional base, the Jainism. It has been very commonly usual and conventional that many thinkers and scholars ascribe the origin and starting point of the Jain system to Rshabhadeva who was the first Tirthankar and lived many centuries back in remote past. But the ascription of the origin to a fix point in. the course of history is a misfortune and misunderstanding cf the unlimited time length of this system; and I think, this is

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DO due to the finite human intellect which naturally often endeavours to shorten and whatever it finds into its finite grasp and reach. Jainism doubtlessly, I think, is beginningless, Anadi, for we come across in so many places in Yajurveda, Bhagawat Purana, the mention of Rshabhadeva and some other Tirthankars. We are fully aware that the whole edifice of Indian Culture and Philosophy has been infatuated by Mimamsa and Vedant arguments that the Vedas are beginningless, inhumane, Apourushaya, Then, if it is so, it is dobtlessly clear and one has naturally and alongwith logical necessity to come to the conclusion that Jainism, if it is honourably mentioned in the Apourushaya Vedas and some Puranas, must be prior to Vedas, therefore beginningless and the root cause of all the philosophies, religions, cultures, sects, traditions that have been prevailing in india and abroad to this day and that to come. India with her mind is known to the world

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for her highest achievements in subtle and gross fields of human life no doubt, but ! am unlimitedly proud to mention here that the most dominant characteristics among them are the three great principles, Ahimsa. Anekant and Aparigraha which are the very components of the human heart and the crowning beauty of Jainism. Apart from these India is nothing and Indian mind is a chimera ! Jainism offers us an empirical classification of the things in the world and so argues for a plurality of spirits. Leibnitz, the great English philosopher, thought that the world was full of the monads, so the Jain looked upon the universe as filled with vivas. The metaphysies of Jainas has affinities with Bergson's Creative Evolution and Leibnitz's Monadism. This rich and fertile land of Jainism which created, cultivated and nourished Pujyapada's mind. Pujyapada was the greatest figure among the Jain Acharayas who contributed to and put an enduring stamp on Jain philosophy

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10 and took it to its zenith for which the Jain tradition remains indebted for an unend ing time. The other names known are 1) Devanandi by which he is 2) Yashakirti 3) Jainendrabuddhi 5) Mahayati 6) Gunanandi etc. 4) Yashonandi His authentic Bio-data is found in Kannada work, Pujyapada Charitra, by Chandrayya. According to this work, Pujyapada was born in a small village, Kole, in Karnataka (420 to 490 A. D.) of Brahmin Parents, Shri Madhava Bhatta and Shrimati Shridevi His maternal uncle was Panini, the famous Sanskrit grammarian While Panini was writing the Ashtadhayi he felt that he could not finish that valuable work, SO he assigned it Pujyapada and requested him to complete with a great zeal did it to it; and Pujyapada in a faithful way! Pujyapad was one of the greatest figures in the history of thought, a universal genius. He wrote on a large number of subjects:

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Logic, Philosophy, Grammer, Ayurveda, Literature etc. He was a poet of a high rank and his poetry discerned rationality in the universe and formulated inexhaustible Truth and held remaining as alternate approaches to this truth. A large collection of writings attributed to him has come down to us, most of them is genuine. Many of his books, however, seem to have been lost. Some of his famous books are : 1) Jainendra Vyakaran 2) Samadhi Shatak 3) Ishtopdesh 4) Jpinabhishek 5) Chhand Shastra 5) Vaidya Shastra 7) Dash Bhakti 8) Sarvarth Siddhj. etc. These books are an undying contribution to Indian mind and to that of Western too! If we go through these books, the master pieces, we find he has combind therein four different roles that of a poet, a philosopher, a grammarian and a Vaidya. He was a great scholar and ascetic of a very high rank possessing miraculous and divinely powers. I claim on his behalf that he was

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12 a master of those who knew. He occupies a unique position in philosophy, logic, grammer, Aurveda and literature, His philosophy, is the most comprehensive synthesis of variety of branches of knowledge ever achieved by human mind. He has incorporated into his philosophy so great a bulk of knowledge. His philosophycal ability embraces the entire range of sciences. His philosophy is not a mere encyclopedia of facts but it is creative and synthetic one. It is this trait which distinguishes him from mere religious leadership. His genius was so critical and subtle that he fused an enormous amount of knowledge into a unified whole, and exerted an almost incalculable influence on the scholars, philosophers, religious leaders, then around him The teachings of Pujyapada had a wider and more popular appeal than any other indian saint or ascetic who aitempted in this line. Like other thinkers and scholars his teachings sensed no need of offering a rational and psychological basis for they were fully

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13 comprehensive and integrated. They were based upon the belief that the moral questions could not find satisfactory answers without a integrated knowledge of Jiva (self) and ajiva (matter) at their stuff and manifestation, base and apex. He taught, ''man's conduct depends upon the kind of universe where he lives, his theory of life will be determined by his outlook towards the universe, his ethics is an outcome of his metaphysics." He distinguished himself from other learned men by possessing some spirititual and mystical powers. According to Jain traditions the celestial beings honoured and worshipped his sacred feet with a great faith and ministered unto him. - sa pujya pAdo' jani devatAbhirya pUjitaM pAdayugaM tadiyama - Hence it naturally became to call him as Pujyapada. Three important and other wordly incidents in his life time proved that he was an ascetic and saint having some mystical and

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14 inward powers. According to traditions, he went to Videha Kshetra and stayed there for some time where he saw the Bhagwant face to face and received from Him some mystical and super natural powers, celestial potentiality and extraordinary physical ability with the help of which he could turn iron into gold, could cure some non-curable physical illhealth and disabilities. Whosoever were caught up by and victims of world's deceiving nature and sceptical events in life and, therefore were led towards the life with pessimistic view and were persuaded to withdraw themselves from all sorts of activities, social and religious, of this world and other worldly. Acharya Pujya pada, wnen they fortunately and with an enforcement of virtuous deeds in their past lives approached him, guided and advised them and within a moment's span he removed all the darkness in their minds and changed them into an extraordinary personalities, some of them in their later stage of life were the greatest Acharyas.

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15 ...Once Pujyapada lost his eye sight, but by .chanting a religious spell, a sanskrit verse, the Shantyashtaka - kAruNyAnmama bhaktikasyaca vibho dRSTi prasannA karu, he regained his eye-sight and could see more clearly than he did before whatever was other worldly too ! Before passing on to and touching the heart of Samadhi Shatak, the Jain Geeta let me call it so, it is very essential and demanding to determine and settle the matter whether, in accordance with the traditions, this book came under the titte Samadhi Shatak or Samadhi Tantra. in the view Jugolkishora Mukhatar this book originally was named as Samadhi Tantra and in support of his argument he quotes the 105th verse from this book itself, but other Jain scholars are not of this opinion and so repudiated Jugalkishora's argument on

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. 16 the basis first that the 105th verse is a later addition by some other person and secondly that the 40th Inscription at Shravanbelgol mentions the name as Samadhi Shatak. So, it has been now commonly admitted by the Jain thinker and scholars that it is the Samadhi Shatak which was the original name of this book [II] contains 100 book to 105 verses This (Shlokas) The central theme of the Samadhi Shatak is the way to the realization of the ultimate nature of the soul. Pujyapada's psychology is tripartite in its division of the soul into three parts external soul (Bahiratma), internal soul (Antaratma) and Absolute soul (Paramatma). His interpretation of all these three parts is a unique one. In his view, there is a hierarchy in these parts. These three parts are not separate or they are not three in number but they are supposed to be three in accordance with their degree of evolution towards and

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17 realization of the Eternal Blessedness or Absolute Consciousness. The aspirant of the liberation or Moksha has to elevate himself into and evolve along the scale of realization by following ethical and religious laws and dictates laid down by the Jain system. The highest or Supreme soul is an end in itself, an absolutely Eternal Blessedness; the internal soul is the means to this end and the external soul is to be repelled and subdued for it is loaded with material and sensual feelings and is the cause of pushing one towards darkness. and sensual lures which are the impediments in the way of self realization. The tripartite division of the soul has got to some degree, affinities with and similarities to that of plato's, though there are some differences. In this way, according to Pujyapad if one has full perspective and apprehension of this tripartite nature of the soul, one realizes that the material body is not soul at all of which there are deeper stamps and impressions of misconceptions and distorted understandings upon our minds. The illusions and hallucinations in the world are the cause at the root of these misconceptions.

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18 The Absolute Soul is self - illuminated and Eternal Blessedness. Moksha or Nirvana is the supreme stage. It is not annihilation of the soul but an endless blessedness, a Summum Bonum. Lure, attachment and the like can be destroyed by observing the rigorous laws of morality and religion. In pujyapada's view if deliverance is to be achieved the lower matter, the sensual feelings, the lure of worldly things are to be subdued by the higher spirit. When the soul is freed from the weight of sensuality, darkness, illusions, it rises up to the supreme stage where all the liberated dwell. Further Pujyapada advises that to elevate oneself into the place where the liberated dwell, the Absolute state, the Nirvana, one must obtain the real knowledge and the attainment of this knowledge is an effect of the observance of the ethical laws alone. Preparedness of mind, ability to resist one's passions and to endure austerities are the very means to this knowledge. On the completion of religious and moral discipline, ascetic and rigorous preparations alone one can attain the liberation, the Moksha. ... Prof. 8. M. Chamke

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OM S ESSENTIALS OF SAMADHI SHATAKA PRAYER ... yenAtmA budhyatAtmaiva paratvenaiva cAparaM / akSayAnaMtabodhAya tasmai siddhAtmane namaH // 1 // 1 In the first line of this first verse of the Samadhi Shata Ka the way to reach the highest stage on the ladder of evolution of the self encircled by the infinite worldly temptations and loaded down to a maximum bent, is illuminated and shed light on, and the ultimate nature of the self is elucidated to its full breadth and length in the second one. In this world of experience, the jiva has been suppressed and eclipsed by the passions, the six self denying enemies, the Kashayas, which caused it to dissolve in and identify with the material body and to be affected by the ups and downs of physiological processes admitting even the decay and fertility as its own. This very illusory nature of the jiva is the cause of the mortal life.

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20 Essentials of The dualistic view that whatever is material and whatevere is spiritual or in jain terminology, jiva and ajiva that are absolutely heterogenous to each other and everlasting categories are, for our clear understanding, to be conceived in contrast with each other; this way of distinguishing them from one another, that is whatever is self or jiva, is superior to or higher than material body or ajiva, and its intirnsic nature is one of prefection and is characterized by the Infinite peace, Eternality and Intelligence, is the ultiimate one that leads ro the Absolute Salvation or Emancipation which the jainas term as Moksha. All the enlightened, the Siddhas, have been successfull in developing their potentialities and in dimiuishing the lure of wordly affairs, the sansara, and ultimately in realising the beauty of the nature and the innate glory of the self by the power of distinguishing between matter and spirit or the pudgal and jiva. Those who are very far away from and in pitch darkness of knowing the ultimate objective of life and cannot subdue the 'm terial element and cannot

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Samadhi Shataka 21 shake off its malignant effect and thereby cannot help the jiva to reveal all its inherent excellences to their fulness, cannot take themselves to the fulfledged and enlightened stage and remain there where they are in an undeveloped and unevolved condition which is said to be a stagnated or Baddha state Every biological piece is naturally after whatever enhances the happiness and lowers the strength of pain, and abstains itself from whatever is malignant to its core. But it ultimately cannot meet whatever it needs for it is fully blind of whatever to push off and whatever to embrace with. Ultimately it passes along a way which directs towards wrong thing or nothing. According to Jain philosophy the three gems (Tri-ratna ) or the three precious principles, the Right Faith (Samyag - darshana ), Right Knowledge (Samyag - dnyana ), Right conduct (Samyagcharitra ) are the fundamental stepping stones for liberation, samyagdarzana - jJAna caritrANi mokSamArga :- umAsvAtI and illusory faith [ Mithya - darshana ], illusory

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.22 Essentials of knowledge [ Mithya - dnyana ] and illusory conduct [ Mithya - Charitra ], are the hooks that draw the Jiva in a reverse direction to mundane life, the samsar, in which there are innumerable pains and deceiving pleasures innumerable times more than pains themselves, Precise and clear apprehension of the distinction between the jiva, the self, and ajiva, the not-self, is exactly the Right faith [ Samyaga-darshana ). Right knowledge [ Samyaga-dnyana ), and Right conduct [ Samyaga. charitra ]. The real knowledge of the seven principles is the right fajth. These seven principles which are the outer aspects of the jiva, are not Divinely [ Paramartha swarup ]. The jiva or Atman inhabits at the centre of these principles, as an ultimate cause, the hatching spiritual entity. To know the ultimate nature of the jiva, it is inevitably essential that one must be well trained and well versed in the length and breadth of these seven principles. The man who has acquired by streneous

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Samadhi Shataka 23 efforts and austere afflictions, the knowledge of distinction between jiva and ajiva or the self and not-self, is an enlightened and realized personality. Those who have attained and immediately apprehended the full perspective of the ultimate nature of the self alone can hav a control over and can be the the masters of animal kingdom or lack luster making passions, and it is this self disciplined man alone can become omniscient and omnipotent. The destroyal and disappearance of the eight fold activities [karmas] is the end of the stagnafted state of the self, the jiva; and this relieved state of the jiva is liberation, the Moksha ( siddhi: svAtmopalabdhiH ) . Like some schools of Indian philosophy Jainas do not think the liberation as an abode somewhere in the skies where the liberated selves go and dwell, contrariwise they think the unadulterated, pure and absolute state of the jiva itself is the ultimete libetation or blessedness According to Jain system, the deliverance is only an escape from body and Samsara and not from existence. The liberated state is the Absoluteness

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24 Essentials of and never directs back to Samsara. The self that possesses infinite knowledge and is identified with ultimate bliss is itself the moksha mokSa AtmA sakhaM nityaH. When man has achieved such a state of mind as he has become fully indifferent towards pleasure and all worldly temptations, there and then arises Absolute knowledge, the Kevaldnyana. One thing should be clear here that the language, that the absolute knowledge arises and disappears, is a figurative one and it should not be stretched or construed word to word in a scholastic manner. in jain view the enlightenment or Absolute knowledge is the very essence or nature of the self but owing to the karama-force the knowledge gets obscured and stained directing towards illusions and confusion thereby blindness of suchness and lack of reflective power. To realise the nature of self we have to experience the full vision of those who are enlightened souls, and this is the first stage in the realising directions, without which our efforts

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Samadhi Shatoka 25 are futile and cannot accomplish out ul:imate goal. To approach the enlightered and to see his vision is not the exclusively final way but it helps to apprehend the real nature of our self through that of the enlightened or the Siddha's. This is the way taking us to paramatma. ... Prayer to all comprehensive paramatma ... jayanti yasyAvadato'pi bhAratI / vibhUtayastIrthakRto' pyanIhituH / / zivAya dhAtre sugatAya viSNave / .. jinAya tasmai sakalAtmane namaH / / 2 / / In these lines, what the ultimate reality is or supreme goal and what its nature is are expounded in detail, and a homage with full devotion and humility has been offered at his feet. The noble and divinely sound that arose from his celestial body is wished to last for ever in this world. The sound of the spiritual conqueror, the Jineshwar, is not an ordinary worldly sound or an effect of throat, lips etc. but mystically sprouts from

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26 Essentials 10 his spiritual body. This mystical sound protects and leads all sorts of living beings ang illumines their way to Moksha or the liberated state by determining the suffixing and prefixing limits of their life - fields. We therefore ought to open our heart and mouth and offer prayers expressing the sense of gratitude. It matters not if one calls him Shiva, vishnu, Brahma, Sugata or Jina. All these are only the different names of one and the same enlightened soul. Arihant or the destroyer of enemies, the conqueror, is the ultimate soul. The most important feature of Jainism is that it emphasizes the quality alone, as an object of worship which is the base and apex of personality and never the individual, its age, form and sex being variable and momentary. In this context the line reads : guNAH pUjAsthAnaM guNiSu na ca liMgaM na ca vaya: According to Jainism Ishtadeva is he who the supreme Being, without any worldly

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Samadhi Shataka 27 affections, temptations, ambitions brings himself in such a position as absolutely under no impact of any desire, envy, anger etc. and is termed in jain tradition as vitaraga which is very root cause of omniscience or Absolute knowledge. This omniscient and master of passions, the Jin passess on advising and directing the people to the ultimate goal of their lives as his sole and religiously sanctioned ojective. The worship of the qualities which he has achieved by streneuous and regorous penance is the real worship of the Ishtadeva. The worship of or the devotedness to ishtadeva, according to Pujyapada, is not concentration only upon the individual but is solely an honour of or meditation upon his extraordinary qualities. The worship of the traits or qualities of the enlightened or the Siddhas, is the worship of our own self which never implies the acquisition of pleasure and worldly properties but the attainment of these traits alone to evolve ourselves to that stage. Therefore keeping this objective in mind, Acharya Pujyapada has offered a homage of devotion with a bowed head, At

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28 Essentials of .. the end Acharya has illustrated one thing that bowing at the feet of the Ishtadeva is not 10 earn some material gain, that is, property, kingdom, or in other world some heavenly or super natural things but the soul traits may discend into his own, and with this sole aim he bows at the sacred feet of the enlightened, the Siddhas. Aim of the Book. zrutena liMgena yathAtmazakti samAhitAntaH karaNena samyak / / samIkSa kaivalyasukhaspRhANAM / / viviktamAtmA namathAmidhAsye / / 3 / / In this verse the author has suggested what the objective of this book is which aims at interpreting and has decided to expound the nature of ultimate, the highest, enternal, beginningless and transcending the time-space frame soul. Being this volume of spiritual nature it has the potential value of being studed to its deepest core and the highest apex while coming across

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Samadhi Shataka 29 to its end having fully extinguished the ever pinching, upsetting and making our personality restless doubtful and suspicious. It is the most essential value for those who are desirous of the ultimate knowledge and happiness, and it is this aim is implied therein. Secondly this volume is imperative and worth studying for the data accumulated therein are an apprehension of the truth in the traditional Paramagama. Being in conformity with Agama, experienee and logic it has been a standard and authentic work on Jain philosophy; so the Mumukshu, should desirous of liberation, the study it for therein a full and all-comprehensive description of the enternal, omniscient and ultimate soul is given in detail. The soul cannot be determined by the three faults, the under pervasion over pervasion, improbability and therefore cannot be distorted and vitiated. Consciousness exists in worldly emancipated Jivas alone, so under pervasion is impossible, in pudgala or material objects, sentientness or

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30 Essentials of consciousness is never found so over pervasion is impossble and the cognizing power of soul has been daily routine matter for everyone, therefore improbability fault is an impossibility Acharaya Pujyapada by unwearied and persistent efforts and penance subdued his lower matter and realized the highest spirit and received immediate experience of the eternal soul, and having a mercy upon the poor and samsari Jivas attempted to graph it out in human language which is not the real means to explain spirituality. This is the human tragedy that one cannot reach the highest point and that whosoever has been successful in doing so cannot discend to the needy for human limitations check him up and move around him. At the end of this verse Acharya has expressed and insisted on one point with a yearning that those who are after the bodily and sensual gratifications cannot understand this book and even connot utilize for their enhancement and development since their understanding is based

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Samadhi Shataka 31 upon selfish moods and utility connected with bodily needs, but those who are prepared to undergo a severe training and penance who are willing for the perfect knowledge, the kevale Dnyan alone can understand its essence and can walk by its luminious path to the right end. Three distinctions of self afgera: qafa fare$?r gaafeg 1 upeyAt tatra paramaM madhyopAyAt bahistyajet // 4 // Here in this verse Acharya has expounded to a considerable length and with a subtle insight the layers or parts of the self explaining with an extensive cruciality what part is admissible what to be abstained from and what are the means and religious and moral percepts and prescriptions to these ends. According to Pujyapada, the eternal supreme soul, karana paramatma, assumes these three forms or parts and it remains at the root these three parts as a seed of all cause. One who

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32 Essentials of mistakes the body and its limbs for soul cannot know the essence and eternality of the supreme soul, the karana paramatma, and therefore this one is an external aspect of soul, Bahiratma, having been found in the clutches of illusory and misguiding understandings, and one who owing to the dissolution of the deteriorating effects of the past karma and having removed the temptations and affections for the not-self things,, realizes the perpetuality and illumining essence of the supreme soul, the karana parmatma, is an internal aspcet of the Antaratma. Further Acharya thinks the internal soul or Antaratma to have three divisions. 1] Jaghanya Antaratma :- One who is aware of all the essential qualities of the karana paramatma but the cycle of one's past karma comes in one's way and there is retardation and prevention in ane's ability to control and subdue the lower nature or the animal motives and so cannot identify oneself with the soul without any fluctuation is a Jaghanya Antaratma,

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Samadhi Shataka 33 2] Madhyama Antaratma :- The deshavrati ( Sagara ) who restrains oneself from all moral and religious vices and misbehaviour to a limited extent or the Mahavrati ( Anagara ) who is under a restraint and self control which are bounded to no limit, is a Madhyama Antaratma. 3] Utkrishta Antaratma :- He who apprehends the how and what of the soul and reconizes its immediate form and keeps himself in soul in the perfect equilibrium for an unending time without any ups and downs and fluctuation is Utkrishta Antaratma. One who is under a regorous restraint and has controlled all the passions by imprisoning all the wild animal kingdom dashing from one's inside endeavouring to come out, whose omniscience has been discovered naturally, and who is totally merged and rested into soul with a full mental equilibrium giving no chance to elements that cause the fluctuation of mind for an unending time is called a paramatma.

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34 Essentials of External soul, internal soul and supreme soul, this tripartite division is a very important prelude to psychology; modern psychology has also sliced the soul under the name of mind into three pieces. This statement proves more accuracy if we look upon the Aristotaljan views. Until and unless we abstain and get rid of the Bahiratma, the external part of the soul, and pushing and compelling ourselves to ascend to the premises of internal soul, the Antaratma we cannot enjoy and realize the state of Paramatma. This is an ascending hierarchy from Bahiratma to Paramatma or base to apex. To push off Bahiratma and to reach the Paramatma the Antaratma is a means or a cleft, so to say, between these extremes. When one has to evolve to supreme stage of Paramatma one must necessarily abandone the lowest soul, the Bahiratma, using the Antaratma as a means or as a high power convex lense focusing on the ultra-luminosity or the omniscience of the Paramatma. The Bahiratma is the sole cause of

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Samadhi Shataka 35 pain and unhappiness so it is to be abandoned and pushed off with a great force and austere penance. The paramatma being the root of uitimate happiness and bliss is to be won and the Antaratma being an agency between these lowest and highest stages of soul is a sole and assured means and an accomplishing medium. Ultimately Acharya concluded that no other means apart from this so neat and accurate and accomplishing our goal is available, so one should achieve it. Even the realized and enlightened Bhagwan cannot be of any avail, cannot be a boat to take us from one bank to the other. The accomplished and having experienced the ultimate reality face to face have, too, trodden upon and passed by the same patn. Nature of the tripartite soulbahirAtmA zarIrAdo jAtAtmabhrAMtirAntaraH cittadoSAtmavibhrAMti: paramAtmAtinirmala: / 5 / / Bahlratma, Antaratma and Paramatma are the three states of the soul. Karana Paramatma is the

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36 Essentials of root cause of these forms or states and is the highest goal where the Jiva has to reach and rest. Knowing for ever is the natural, self-existent, self proved feature of the soul. That the Bahiratma which misconceives the material things and biological pieces to be self itself; love, hatred etc, Kashayas to be his original nature, and his own nature encircled by vices, virtues etc. to be helping and enhancing is an ignorance affected by illusions and deceptive views. Antaratma is evolved one step more than the Bahiratma It realizes the immediate nature of the soul, has the first hand experience of it, has achieved the ability to recognize the eternal, pure, spiritnal nature of soul and takes bodily sense organs etc. to be alien and contradictory to soul and the passion, love, hatred etc. disappear. Then he comes into such a mental condition as it cannot mistake the Kashayas to be his nature. He who cannot mistake the Kashayas to be

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Samadhi Shataka 37 his nature and knows that the austere restraint and unadulterated love of soul is his inherent nature, is an Antaratma having right knowledge (Samyag jnana) and right faith (Samyag darshana). When this Antaratma evolves to the Karana Paramatma stage and rests there with a profound peace, all his ailments, distortions, deteriorations come to an end and here alone the right knowledge, the right vision of the soul discloses and this state of jiva is called as Parmatma. Plurality of names of the Paramatma. nirmala: kevala: zuddho viviktaH prabhuravyayaH / parameSThI parAtmeti paramAtmezvaro jinaH / / 6 : He who has immediately realized the Paramatma refers to Bhagawant with innumerable, 1008 names while adoring and muttering prayers. Let us see the connotational meaning of the words interweaved in the above verse. 1) Nirmala- The Paramatma is free from all types of ble nish and clutches of past karma

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38 therefore it is Nirmala. Essentials of 2) Kevala- He is free from organic mechanism and he is alone, one, undual, therefore Kevala, The Paramatma is free from all 3) Shuddhatypes of activities, the karmas, and aloof from selfdenying Kashayas, so he is pure, Shuddha. 4) Vivikta- He is away from all krnds of karmas, no contact, no affinity, SO he is Vivikta, 5) Prabhu- He is the mastar of all, sub power, independent and never jact to his own subject to and slave of organic mechanism, he is Prabhu. SO Paramatma is beginningless, 6) Avyayaeternal, unperishable, never falling down and deteriorating from the ultimate knowledge, so he is Avyaya. 7) Parameshthi- Paramatma is adorable and respectable to the God, Indra, and the others

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Samadhi Shataka and shines in his eternal abode. Therefore he is Parameshthi. 39 He who has evolved by stren 8) Paratmauous and austere penance and subdued all the biological control with a regorous restraint and has achieved the highest spiritual end is Paratma. 9) Paramatma- Higher stage than Paratma and is eternal, pure, omniscient. 10) of all. He is truth, themselves. ence Ishwar- He is the master, the Swami Knowledge and omnisci 11) Jina- He who has subdued and conquered all types of passions, worldly temptations and affections is a Jina. In this way adoration to and prayer to Bhagawanta is chanted with innumerable names. Misunderstanding of the self bahirAtmeMdriyadvArairAtmajJAnaparAGmukhaH / sphuritaH svAtmano dehamAtmatvenAdhyavasyati // 7 //

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40 Essentials of Since eternity the Jiva has been kept in pitch darkness by the karmika cross-bars and so it can discern the material body and its organs alone, but towards the seed cause, the eternal self, the victim of illusions, the ignorant jiva is absolutely blind. Being intoxicated by the worldly temptations and enticements it loses its innermost potentiality to discriminate between the self and body, the former being conscious, formless, knowing and the latter material, unsentient, concrete and unknowing. The jiva, loaded with deteriorating karma-effects and having had a compounding affinity with the unconscious material body misconcieves that body itself is self and takes the ups and downs in and over the body of his own and the round-up-rebirths and the honour and dishonour etc. unknowingly and it imposes upon his self Again the jiva dips itself into the sensual activities and ruins its ultimate aim, for which it is an ought on its part, that it has to strive very hard. Being itself under the dominance of sensuality it is itself the cause own potentiality and cheats of blunting its and defrauds itself

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Samadhi Shataka 41 of the spiritual knowledge and so it becomes impossible for itself to realize the ultimate soul. The Bahirat ma owing to his darkened insigh and clouded foresight cannot comprehend the attributes of the nature of supreme soul. This is the cause which binds the jiva by a hard chain and keeps it in a continuous cycle of birth and decay. Adverse effects of misconception... naradehasthamAtmAnamavidvAn manyate naraM . tiryaJca tiryagaMgasthaM suraMgasthaM suraM tathA / / 8 / / nAraka nArakAMGagasthaM, na svayaM tattvatastathA / anaMtAnaMtadhIzaktiH svasaMvedyo'calasthitiH / / 9 // In these two verses how the Bahiratma misconcieves the nature of self and how the illusory kriowledge keeps it away from the real nature of the self is explained. The Bahiratma, when assumes variety of bodies, shariras, thinks himself to belong to those

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42 Essentials of species; if for example he is in the form of human being, he thinks to be a human being, if in the form of animals, Gods or the beings that are enduring their bad fruits of the past karma, Naraki, gets fully deluded by the misunderstanding that he is of that category. In reality this is not the self for being one, eternal and invariable, it is a hallucinatory make up of the mind that the self goes on varying essentially along with the body forms. The jiva is detained, due to its ignorance and faulty behaviour withim this four types of levels of existence. Until and un/ses it assumes these variety of organic forms, it is supposed to belong to whatever has beginning and end. Everything in this world is destructible and destroyable but the self, though its external appearance alters or varies and gets fully smashed, is never affected and remains unchanged for ever. Man form, animal form, etc. are external and temporary karmika conditions of the jivas. When the flow of karma terminates, the external form

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Samadhi Shataka 43 or condition naturally comes to and omniscience, categoricality, enternality ultimate attributes of the jiva arise. end; the which are Misunderstanding of the other jivas... svadehasadRzaM dRSTavA prdehmcelN| parAtmAdhiSThitaM mUDhaH paratvenAdhyavasyati // 10 / / The bahiratma, due to his undeveloped mentality and unevolved intellect misconcieves his body to be his self; and not only this much but his tamasik level mak@s him think that the whole organic kingdom that is based on and supported by the self itself, is celestial kingdom and the self itself forms an erroneous views towards then either envious or desirious. As the bahiratma is under an incalculable load of and fully subdued by the profound ignorance and very thick delusion in admitting his body as his self, so he follows the same path while thinking of the other body and self. : He oftentimes strives hard and hard to gratify his sensual feelings thinking that sensual gratification

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44 Essentials of is the ultimate source of happiness, nay, he thinks the death of his organic body is the very death of his self too, and it is this tendency causes him think whatever is true in his own case is true and applicable in others cases too. He then, really, naturaliy goes on weeping or laughing in conformity with the situation that sometimes pulls him this side or pushes off that side, one being positive and luring and the other negative and piercing. Misconception of wife, son etc... svaparAdhyavasAyena deheSvaviditAtmanAM / vartate vibhramaH pusAM putrabhAryAdi gocaraH / / 11 // The Bahiratma, the embodiment of ignorance and darkness, is totally blind and cannot make clear distinction between the self and body, the former to be celestial, conscious and the latter inert, unconscious etc. He thinks his body to be self, similarly in his view the bodies of his wife, son, grandson, are selves and goes on taking care of their feeding and protecting. Conjunction with his family members showers upon him the

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Samadhi Shataka 45 compels him to joy and happiness, disjunction leave this world. All the relations and relatives are like different types of birds coming for rest on a tree at night and in the morning scatter and diffuse in accordance with their moods and needs. The Karmik flow of the human being binds them together for somewhile and again causes them scatter wherever they are bound to do so as per their storage of merits or demerits: and if this is so why the Bahiratma wrongly proceeds in this way is his unevolved and undeveloped state causing him think whatever is not there to be. How deep the Bahiratma is absorbed into the darkness is elucidated in the following verse. : Ignorance is the cause of everything : avidyAsaMjJitastasmAt saMskAge jAyate dRDhaH / yena loko'Gameva svaM punarapyabhimanyate // 12 //

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46 Essentials of According to Pujyapad when we are under an impression that our body itself is soul, we fondle and love our body and allow us to get fully soaked into the sensual pleasure. This attraction towards body lodged in our minds the desire for newer bodies; and we {otally forget the supremacy of our root cause the sout in this way owing to the soakedness in the enticement of and condensing ourselves with the body keeps intact the cycle of births and rebirths, and therefore, no hope for deliverence. This round - up. rebirths has been working with the human race perpetually in this world and the whole of living beings has been so heavily loaded under the lure of body that it may until it is in the darkness and illusory and deceptive love of body and worldly life errect itself and walk straight way in a right direction is an absolute impossibility. To misconceive the body for self or variable for eternal is an ignorance which the Jain terminology calls Avidya - Sanskar or inheritance of ignorance. So long as the impressions of ignorance are there, there is

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Samadhi Shataka inevitably birth rebirth cycle happens to appear and work with its predstined technicalities; and in a reverse direction this procees goes on making itself mare firm and the befallen body changes one's part and goes on impressing the scars of ignorance impressions deeper and deeper; and this is due to why the victims of ignorance and wrong insight cannot emancipate themselves from the round rebirths, the Samsar Chakra. - up - 47 Who imancipates ? dehe svabuddhirAtmAnaM yunaktyetena nizcayAt / svAtmanyevAtmadhIstasmAt, viyojayati dehinaM ||13|| Herein the two life - ways that are dimetrically opposed to each other and that are the cross bars that detain the Jiva In wordly life and that are appartuses, percepts and ways to relieve it from attracting hooks towards body, are shed light on and elucidited in detail. In short, the real meaning of life and the way to liberation is explained, and in the end advised us that one may follow either way as one's disposition allows. Those who are deeply interested and whose minds

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48 Essentials of have sunk to the bottom of the Sansar, the worldly life, may enjoy it and may go alongwith it, and those who are afraid of the Sansar and want not to pollute their lives of the deceiving mirazes and masks of illusory pleasures worn by destructive pains and defiling temptations may follow the ascetic life undergoing streneous penance and observing regorously the religious and morel percepts, which are termed as the way of liberation, the Moksha - Marg. In this world no any God that plays the role of imparting us the instructions as to why afford ourselves to Sansar or Moksha - Marg or as to why should allow the Sansar to reign over our minds or the love of eternal Moksha to permeate gradually into our unstable minds and thereby to bind it up tightendly keeping it in the crusible that changes its chemicality and makes it passive passionless and absorbed into what is Eternal, Omniscient and Bliss. The Jiva itself is, due to its Karmik load and self-denying fruits of its past demerits the cause of its orientation towards the worldly life, and it is, too, the cause of relieving

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Samadhi Shataka 49 itself from the momentary Sansar owing to the acquisition of the absolure knowledge, which is at the most, the fruit of its past Karma and to some extent and the least an outcome of its staunch and regorous penance and strenuous attempts to achieve this end. Why is the world distressed ? deheSvAtmaghiyA jAtA: putrabhAryAvikalpana: / sampattimAtmastAbhirmanyate hA hataM jagat // 14 / / The Jiva being under the false impression that the body itself is soul thinks that he is my son, she is my wife and that they are my glory, my grandure, my might perpetually protecting me. This mineness is nothing but his confused and bewildered intellect that entangles him with the Sansar - Web. But this delusory Sansar never brings any fruit; and the confused Jiva fully sinks into this momentary deceiving and barren Sansar and ultimately all his labours, tensions, worries bring for him the harvest which bears no fruits, yet he cannot relieve himself from the

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50 Essentials of Sansar - Monster who has swallowed up innumerable generations of the human race in this world and has been doing to this day. The Jiva gets only a grain of happiness at the cost of huge mountains of sufferings and pains that put a tremondous, heavy yoke on his neck. Having a mercy on these stupid, helpless and fully intoxicated by the Sansar - affections, the Siddhas with a purport to relieve these Jivas from Sansar - cycle, create morally and religiously oriented literature, the Shashtras and thereby with the help of these the darkened Jivas may see the spiritual life and emancipate themselves from the round - up rebirths and enjoy the unending and eternal bliss The way from Bahiratma to Antaratma mUlaM saMsAraduHkhasya deha evAtmadhIstataH / tyaktvaMnAM pravizet antarbahiravyA pRtendriyaH / 15 / / Our soul is Absolute and Reality. It is different from the phenomenal, the special, the temporal, and the sensible. It is pure and knowing, omniscient and omnipresent. The Jiva, being

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Samadhi Shataka 51 unable to recgonize the nature of the ultimate soul, thinks the body to be soul and its pleasures and pains of the soul itself. in reality, the soul is Bliss. Bliss and knowledge are the very essence of the soul. It is well occupied in our body and nothing can destroy it It is ultimate truth and transcendes the two extremes, the beginning and the end. One who is self knowing and Siddha can alone enjoy the fuil-Derespective and all compresivehess of the soul Being the soul inexpressible in words and transcending: the subdued by material and the worldly activities and governed and dominated by the sensual enticements and lures cannot enjoy the blissful and omniscient state of the soul, as the born blind cannot do the beauty and light of sun. The man who with a strong restraint and long and regorous penance attains the right knowledge and the right faith, loses his inclination

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52 Essentials of and interest in the five sensual activities and pleasures. His love of body goes on decreasing. sexual tendency tends to disappear, silence and speechlessness arise as a natural outcome, and in the ultimate essential bliss of immediate realization of soul his total personality gets dissolved by tumbling away all the Kashayas. Only the self knower can be the conque or and restrainer. One who has not realized the soul and cannot know the essence of it is not called as an adorer and devotee of Jain religion and cannot be his life-way valued and admitted as right faith, right knowledge, right conduct. So the Jain Acharyas, taking into accouut the human psy. chology and following the logical mechanism advised and given directions first to abandon Baniratma and then to reach the Antaratma stage wich can be attained by subduing sensual power alone that very often and very easily blunts and kills the pull, and the ursge dashing from inside in our hearts and endeavouring to come to surface that naturally takes us from temporal to eternal,

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Samadhi Shataka 53 darkness to light and materiality to spirituality. One faithful and adoring loyal activity weighs thousand times more than barren huge hoard of words; and this is exactly what this verse implies emphasizing that transcending the limits of Bahiratma and to reach the Antaratma is a predictated duty of each and every human being. Repentance of the Bahiratma condiction mattazcyatvendri yadvAreH patito viSayeSvaha / tAna prapadyA'hamitI mAM, purA veda na tattvataH // 16 / / In this verse, who and way repents is explained. When one is fully engrossed in worldly attachments and temptations and thereby totally gets self-hypnotized and ultimately comes under a so much intoxicated state that one cannot retain one's discrimination in equilibrium position and so can not distinguish between what to obey and what to observe as a predictated and prescribed and what to abandone and avert, and it is this indiscrimination compels one to endure the fruits and consequences resulting from one's

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54 Essentials of unprescribed and unaffirmed erroneous activities and throws one into a profound and unavoidable repentance. Ultimately, he reaches the deepest part of his hearts and realizes that his soul is stainless of the envy, anger, jealousy etc. the kashayas, that it is pure and essentially of ultimate knowledge - nature that it possesses infinite number of properties and qualities and that it is pure, knowing, seer and enjoying his own nature - essenence, and repents that unfortunately and of the Karmik load he did not know and failed to realize what the miragesome life is and what the eternal and blissful soul is. In this way, this verse implies that the enlightened Jiva has to repent and beg parden and should strive hard to rem ain firm and stable in his own self, the pure Bliss. The way to Stop in-flux and out-flux, evaM tyaktvA bahirvAcaM tyanedantarazeSataH / eSa yogaH samAsena pradIpa: paramAtmanaH / / 17 // By cutting off the obscuring in-flux, the

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Samadhi Shataka 55 malignity, evil, disposition, envy, jealousy, hatred and the out-flux that I am poor, ugly, unhappy etc. one should contract all the physical, mental and of speech tendencies and should lead a life of meditation, contemplation and concentration on self by self is the way to supreme self. The way of dipping oneself into meditation is a means or an apparatus to see face to face the Paramatma. Concentration upon self by self is in a real sense Samadhi. To reach this stage of meditation one should completely abandone the external world that often ceceives us and excites us to run after whatever is not there and should shut up the clefts through wich the in flux and out - flux of mental tendencies pass and repass; and when one observes full speechlessness, recall and recollections of past memories totally burn away allowing not to come to mental surface the ambitions and hopes for future, loitering somewhere in inner most part in one's mind. There and then alone our mentality attains the seedless Samadhi. the Samadhi, the full vision of Paramatma. Nirvikalp

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56 Essentials of This seedless Samadhi or indeterminate contemplation itself is the cause of seeing with an inner eye the Paramatma face to face or smile to smile. bodhiH samAdhiH pariNAmazuddhiH svAtmopalabdhiH zivasaukhyasiddhIH / The means of stopping the out-flux yanmayA dRzyate rupaM tanna jAnAti srvthaa| 177 arta aa: 117 atrak" PC11 In this verse we are directed that instead of making a lengthy speech of barren words we should try to apprehend and experience the nature of the ultimate soul by our own; and this abstruse course is explained by a very subtle and acute way. When I, on seeing the body of the other, get excited to speack to him realize that being other's body inert it is unable to understand what I say, so my spea. king reaps no fruits, and the self who has the efficacy of udderstanding cannot be seen. In

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Samadhi Shataka 57 this way the body wich i can preceive cannot understand and Jiva who can understand cannot be seen; and this is very abstruse dilemma for us which to be overcome, the enlightened have invented different alternatives to keep himself in a speechless, the Maun, state to stop the the out-flux, and then to meditate on selt bind his full personality there in equilibrium without any distraction and fluctuation. In short, to attain the highest stage of contemplation, the Samadhi, observance of speechlessness is insisted upon and its utter importance is explained very ingeniously in this verse. Advice to Adbandon in-flux yat paraiH pratipAdyo'haM yat parAn pratipAdaye / unmattaceSTitaM tanme yadahanirvikalpakaH / 19 / Our soul transcends limitations and determinations so it is indeterminate. It is unperceivable and transcednding speech power. It can be apprehended by heart alone and realized It can be known by itself alone. Soul is not a communi.

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58 Essentials of cational flow between preceptor and disciple. It can better be taught and explained through the best means of speechlessness, the maun. The preceptor or Siddha would explain the nature of soul to me or I wonld do it to my disciples, both these oprations are invain and futile. In the end to Acharya Pujyapada, the claim that the knowledge of the soul is of the channalable nature from preceptor to disciple and vice versa is like the impundent person's mischievous pranks. So the indeterminate soul can be realised by abandoning out-flux, speech process and in-flux alternatives and by deep and firm contemplation on soul by soul. In this connection Geeta uses to say uddhared AtmanA AtmAnaM / The soul is indeterminate and beyond the words. It can be experienced by indeterminate self-knowledge the soul that moves about its own garden can enjoy the soul - sight.

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Samadhi Shataka 59 Contemplation on soul is Samadhi. yadagrAhyaMna gaNhAti, gRhati nApi mUJcati / jAnAti sarvathA sarvaH tatra svaMsaMvedyamasmyahaM / / 20 / / In this verse, Acharya, with firm confidence and self experience proclaims that Samadhi is the matter of self experience of the soul. The soul never absorbs the Dravya karma, and Bhava Karma the former being the consequence of physical activities and the latter mental one. Both these karmas are related to Jiva as an extenal contact as in the case of oil and water and never as an isidentity as in the case of water into water. The Jiva being subdued by ignorance tends to get identified with these Karmas but the Karmas, on the conrary, are averse from and unamenable to Jiva. The body remains as a body and the same is appli cable to Karmas, passions etc. They cannot be one with the Jiva. They are therefore suggested to be as an unabsorbable, Agrahya For while immediately experiencing the nature of the Jiva the unabsorboble never happen to be experien

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60 Essentials of ced. They never can come into a state that can be the object of self knowing knowledge. Though these Dravya Karmas and Bhava Karmas have no any place in self they have subdued the Jiva and have caused it to endure Samsar - Dukkha. Acharya is trying his level best to arouse the Mumukshu Jiva from its profound slumber that the world of experience, the Samsar is not his perpetual abode, and giving directions as to how to dimnish the ignorance and how to realize the omniscient and omnipotent power dwelling at the deepest shell of our hearts. Pujyapada elucidates the matter that the removal of all the Karmas and non-allowance of the emergence of the effects thereof is not the cause of ultimate knowledge, but that wiginal nature of Jiva is pure knowledge of which it being fully in pitch darkness and eagerly desirous of knowing and entangling with worldiy things; and Acharya strives here very hard to wake it up from its deep sleep and to illumine the way direct reaching the Eternal Abode.

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61 Samadhi Shataka in short that the Jiva that is fully evolved and blossomed and reached the highest stage on the ladder can immediately realise through an apparatus of self knowing knowledge is elucidated here in a very subtle and acute manner. Activities When in ignorance utpannapuruSabhrAnteH sthANau yadvad viceSTitaM / tadvat me ceSTitaM pUrva dehAdiSvAtmavibhramAt / / 21 // The enlightened very regretfully takes to the heart and repents for his past wrong activites. I was, he exclaims, fully swallowed up by the allurement and enticement of body, sense organs family members, friends, shining and deluding objects; and I totally got involved into the well being of the people surrounded around me and I did nothing for my life to be well led on a proper way observing the percepts and prescriptions prescribed by religion and morality and ultimately the most valuable and achieved at the cost of a thousand past-lives' virtues the present life which

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62 Essentials of LEN . I put to void and nothing. After the removal of Ignorance. vathAsau ceSTate sthANau nivRtte puruSAgrahe / tathAce STo'smidehAdI vinivRttAtmavibhramaH / / 22 / / As a man who looks at the trunk in the evening in twilight gets impressed that there is some abnormal person and runs away frightened of the trunk and after the realisation that he himself misunderstood the trunk stops where he is and laughs at himself that how much foolish he had been, so the man who owing to the load of past karmik faggot and ignorance does not know the real meaning of life, sometimes gets totally infatuated of whatever he wants and receives and gets broken down whenever he receives whatever is not expected. With the disappearance of the illusory Karmas the attraction of the perishable body automatically disappears. Animal tendency and inequanimity of mind come to an end and there is an arisal of

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Samadhi Shataka 63 restraining and ascetic tendency. Interest in and love of knowledge and asceticity replace the lure and enticement of passions and physical pleasures. There appears a great evolution in life and soul-realization and therefrom emerging the bliss outweighs everything and naturally the mood of the aspirant absolutely changes the tracks leading to life and entangling therein and follows the way treading thereupon comes to a spot wherefrom none wants to return and gets fully soaked therein. In this way the man whose illusions are removed says that my illusions and ignorance are totally removed and feel incalculable and indescribable bliss. No partitions in soul. yenAtmanA'numUye'hamAtmanaivAtmanAtmani / so'haMna tanna sA nAsau, nako na dvau navA bahuH ||23|| There are no distinctions or partitions soul. It is but one, no duality, no tri-partition or plurality, no faminine or masculine. But as in

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64 Essentials of there are impressions upon our minds in connection with our body that the bodies are faminine or masculine we owing to impact of ignorance apply the same to ourselves that they are dual or plural in number and male or female or neutral so far as the sex is concerned. The ignorant Jiva has no clear idea regarding nature of the soul. He thinks that soul and body are one and the same. In reality the soul is numberless and can not be pointed with 'He'ness or 'she'ness or Itness. It transcends and surpasses everything. The enlightened never brings about any distinctions in soul and contrariwise he has climbed up to such a stage wherein he finds that men and women or male and female thongh they are externally and for the minutest span of time are opposing to each other but ultimately their selves have an identity in their nature. The realised, the Arihant, have attained the highest point of evolution wherefrom they see the soul alone in the body and never as male or famale, one or many.

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Samadhi Shataka 65 This causes their insight to be clear, stainless, unadulterated and transcending of which the materiality is absolutely in darkness and has no any relation to do something, for the former being eternal and supersensible. In this way all comprehensive philosophical knowledge of this world and that of super and everlasting soul 'washes off the material dirt and tears deceiving curtains and discloses what humaun pen, tongue cannot stage and visualize. Nature of Soul. azhia ggcaise azuia ?yftga: ga: 1 atIndriyamanirdezyaM tat svasaMvedyamasmyahaM // 24 // In this verse, the soul that is the object of self - knowing procese and it's nature are very and acutey elucidated. Though the experience knowledge of soul are inexplicable in words and unperceivable by five organs of perception they are very skilfully in this graphed and explained verse.

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66 Essentials of This Jiva was in a pitch darkness till it had no experience of the soul nature. when the Jiva enjoys the pleasure arising from five sense organs and forgets the soul and so deprives itself of the eternal pleasure, the essence of the soul. Once enlighted the Jiva experiences and enjoys soul and sinks into the bliss for ever. He is fully absorbed into soul - experience in both waking and sleeping conditions The realization of the soul is not a matter of sense perception, it can be apprehended by heart alone; self knowing process can alone see and know the beauty and grandure of the soul. Soul is an object of self-knowing process, matter of appre. hension by heart fanaa alone and no other means or way to catch up the global and fulfledged perspective of the soul is absolutely of any avail. Acharya proclaims this as an product of his own experience.

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Samadhi Shataka 67 Soul-knowledge is the way to all. kSoyante'traiva rAgAdyAstattvato mAM prapazyataH / bodhAtmAnaM tataH kizcinna me zatrunaca priyaH / / 25 / / The Jiva keeps the affinity for those things it desires and thinks of them that they would enhance its internal and external world, and avoides whatever, in its view, is harmful, vitiating and non-helping and deleterious till it does not recognize and immediately perceive the omnisc ent soul. The enlightened has a full and clear insight about the nature of things. He never imposes favourability and infavourability upom the things for he is well aware that nothing in this world is auspicious and favourable and their contrary, our ignorant and thickly clouded reason brings us in doing so. Therefore such enlightened merely look at the things passively and steadily. Whatever we are destined to attain is a product of our past auspicious activities, so one heed not unnecessarily blame or praise oneself.

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68 Essentials of and the man of ultimate knowlede welcomes whatever he faces. He alone can preserve the equality with all that he finds. For the arisal and preservation of equanimitic attitude towards the all one should be very extensively and acutely aware of soul nature and should be well versed and perfect in the soul philosophy; and this has been elucidated in this verse. Realized is beyond everything. mAmapazyannayaM loko na me zatruna ca priyaH / mA prapazyanna yaM loko na me zatrunaca priyaH / / 26 / / in this verse, the philosopher thinks that those who do not know the soul and are in complete darkness are not entitled to be admitted as friends or enemies, and similarly those who are fully cognisant of soul, too, are not friends or enemies. The realized has firm view that the igorany and uncivilized in philosophical arena people hate and sensure him when his physical vision happens to come within his sight, but this me whithin this basical but visitors

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Samadhi Shataka sensure and hatred are directed only to his external outlook and never to his soul, so such persons can not be his friends or enemies, not only this much but those who have seen the soul face to face also are not his friends or enemies, There are only superhumanly and other worldly affairs between two philosophers so no question of being enemies or friends to each other, jealousy and envy, friendship and loveaffairs naturally occure only between who are ignorants. To be Supereme Soul what should be done? 69 tyaktvaivaM bahirAtmAnamantarAtmavyavasthitaH / bhAvayet paramAtmAnaM sarvasaMkalpavarjitaM // 27 // The successive and sequential stages of adopting the Faramatma are explained in this verse. Paramatma is the highest end and Antaratma is a means to realize one who is aspirant of being the this end, and with the Paramatma has first to the identifed abandon

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70 Essentials of Bahiratma. the illusoriness, and should attain the higher stage we call Antaratma and without detaining there oneself one should aspire and adore very profoundly and acutely to reach the Paramatma stage, the third and last step on the evolutionary ladder. To become Paramatma the Antaratma is the immediate pervious stage which should be very carefulty and consistently used for the attainment of the higher stage. When one is at the Antaratma stage all temptations, passions must be subdued by temperance, restraint and abstinence of whatever is prohibited or forsaken, and then and there happiness arises. It is the well planned and consistently arranged Antaratma that strives hard to reach from darkness to luminosity, ignorance to know ledge, known to unknown, determinate to indeterminate. Antaratma is a stage of practice and until and unless one assumes and adopts the stage of practice one cannot reach the perfect or fulfledged stage. To work successfully

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Samadhi Shataka 71 on accomplishing stage one first abandon whatevere is malignant baffling, deceiving etc. which are the Bahiratma stage. These sequential and successive stages carrying one from mundane to spiritual stage are very skilfully expounded in this verse. The way keeping the soul unmoved so'hamityAttasaMskArastasmin bhAvanayA punaH / tatraiva dRDha-saMskArAt labhate hyAtmani sthiti // 28 // It is the | who am the all pervading omniscient, omnipotent. eternal soul who is perceived and apprehended through experience alone; and no sense perception is able to inculcate into us the actual experience of the luminosity of the soul. The cognizance that my body and sense organs are not my soul, and whatever is spiritual dashing from inside to break off the outer crust dwelling somewhere inside non-physically is my soul. In this way one who very intensly meditates upon this impressions and goas on adoring it continuously for a considerable

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Essentials of time can attain indeclinable and unmoved state in the eternal soul. When the jiva identities with the soul there arises oneness between them and he experiences the ultimate bliss. The jiva naturally keeps himself aloof from all the sensual, momentary and imaginary pleasures; no affinity for th@ external objects, can lure him, jealously and desire go on diminshing. Ultimately the jiva with no dauality and oneness stands unmoved in his omniscient and blissful soul, and it is to this state of soul-attainment the Acharya names svAtmopalabdhi : In this way the inner cognizance of Soaham (sz) is a very easential state for the Jiva, Soul is the Assurance of safety. mUDhAtmA yatra vizvastastato mAnyat bhayAspadaM / yato bhItastato nAnyad abhayarathAnamAtmanaH / / 29 / / The ignorant Jiva enjoyes the profound slumber in external things which are the very place of fear, tmidity and dread and that the place of soul where it dwells is a sole spot of security.

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Samadhi Shataka 73 Here Acharya advises the one who is fully engrossed in and entangled by worldly temptations that these are pure mise:jes, virtually dreading and threatening things which reap for us one gruin of pleasure at the cost of a huge mountain of miseries, labour, tensions and the like, and never accomplish for us any happiness or wellbeing contrariwise raising unremedible difficulties, teasing and torturing incidents which within a moment's span crushes and destroyes us. Further Acharya says that whatever is independent in the efficacy of our potentiality, requiring no labour or fatigue and accomplishing ultimate well - being giving eternal happiness very easy and obtainable we think them to be very difficult and requiring huge labour and dread of them. Acharya expresses his surprise at this. Ultimately Acharya has put forth his conclusive view that to sink into Paramatma for each and every slice of time is more accomplishing the well-being than to get soaked into passional pleasures which often take one to difficulties and ill-being.

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74 Essentials of The way to attain the Paramatma. sarvendriyANi saMyamya stimitenAntarAtmanA / yatkSaNaM pazyato bhAti tat tattvaM paramAtmanaH / / 30 / / The way to attain and realize the Paramatma is very skilfully illustrated here. Until the tendency of enjoying the passional pleasures through the sensuality is alive and strongly enforcing the man cannot realise and sink into the Paramatma. To discern with an internal eye the fulfledged form of Paramatma, first it is essential to check up and debar the sensual natural inclinations; and this tendency is amputaied when there is a cognizance from within that the sensual pleasures are momentary and deceiving, and the real pleasure and happiness lie in the soul-oriented tendency alone. When this Jiva, by keeping all his sensual tendancies behind a bar by a firm restraint he alone then can see something extraordinary, and it is this something is Paramatma. Acharya says that our Parmatmattva is not somewhere outside

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Samadhi Shataka 75 but it is exactly in us. When we see our own Atma and not of others, we actually become Paramatma. By studying philosophy and making a prolonged debate upon it we cannot attain whatever we desire, but very simultaneously we have to apply a proper bent to our sensual tendencies and directing them to Paramatma have to make them merged into Him. We have to habituate ourselves to and rehearse the restraint, disinterestedness, passionlessness, and this is what the exact way and right way which accomplishes us the state of Paramatma. Whom to adore. yaH parAtmA sa evAhaM, yo 'haM sa paramastathA / 3gAa #UI9170: aiu: &fafeai frufa: 11 39 11 OT In this verse, to attain the stage Paramatma whose worship and adoration are to be made from the very heart, is explained. Our soul is the reflected image of the supreme soul, the paramatma. The form and nature of

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76 Essentials of paramatma are the same as those of the soul possesses does and what form and nature soul the paramatma possess the same. In our practical life there are so many causes and conditions that encircle and thereby cloud the jiva; but these conditions are uninvited and are subject to disappearance for they are not basic and original. When the flow of karma comes to an end these conditions naturally come to nothing and holowness. The want of karma is disappearance of the conditions, the upadhis. On the removal of these conditions what remains is the purified and free soul, which in such case is called as paramatma. The way to be inmoved in soul. pracyAvya viSayebhyo'haMmAM mayaiva mayi sthitaM / bodhAtmAnaM prapanno'smi paramAnaMdanirvRtaM // 32 // The paramatma stage is not under anybody's patronship and is not dependent upon someone or something. He is independent, self-exietent and self protector. This is the elucidation which

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77 Samadhi Shataka is implied in this verse. To check-up our tendencies from getting attracted to and allured by our five organs of perception is a vigorous and potential way to reach the paramatma stage, keeping strictly away and aloof from the deluding perceptual pleasures and pushing the restraint and self-denial, disinterestedness and asceticity to enter our minds and develop them accordingly are alone the means to attend the paramatma. If we do not keep away all the sensuality and do not habituate to restraint etc, it is impossible to realize the paramatma. After the preparation and fulfilment of this first half we should concentrate whole of us upon the omniscient and blissful Bhagwan who is not somewhere but in us. We have to surrender to him, adore him continuously and with a firm and undeviated mind; and to be successful in this we have to bring under the yoke whatever is potential and vigorous in us by twisting and squeezing the whole of us. Ultimately Acharya has advised us that we have to listen

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78 Essentials of to and abide by the advice given by the realized, the Siddhas, and keeping the image of the Paramatma in our heart and adoring him we can surely attain the paramatma stage. soul In short our soul can realize through for soul from soul in soul, the soul. Without discriminative knowledge. penance is futile. yo na vetti para dehAdevamAtmAnamavyayam / labhate sa na nirvANaM taptvA'pi paramaM tapaH // 33 // The love of body is the cause of wordly life, the samsar. When one undergoes a very severe penance but one's sexual lust, enjoyment and physical pleasures are not fully removed the rigorous penance and ascetic mood in behaviour are futile and of no any avail. Emancipation from this wordly life is subject to the observance of religious austerities, streneous penance based upon a clear insight that body and soul are absolutely different and apposed to each other. First the aspirant must be fully aware and

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Samadhi Shataka 79 must have an acute and subtle knowledge that the soul is sentiant, conscious, unperishable and its realization is subject to the self knowledge or self-reflection and never to any physical process; and on the opposite end the body is material, inert, inceletial and perishable. Keeping this distinction in mind through the apparatus of self-knowing process if we observe religious austerities and undergo rigorous penance and follow up the ascetic way streneously we can relieve ourselves from the samsar and can achieve the salvation, the moksha. The ignorant people mislead and misguide themselves by coming under a wrong impression that asceticity and penance mean to put the body under a heavy labour and thereby to bring great injury upon it; but this is wrong and bears no fruits. All their meditations, contemplations, holding attention on etc. are barren and unaccomplishing The penance stood upon the warmth of self-knowing process is the very cause of salvation, the Nirvana.

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80 Essentials of No pain in penance AtmadehAntarajJAnajanitAlhAdanivRttaH / tapasA duSkRtaM ghoraM mujAno'pi na vidyate / / 34 / / The ignorant Jiva locks up his ardent zeal and earnestness in body and sense organs, the alien entities to him, and therefore becomes alongwith body painful, agonized and distressed. But on the cantrary the man of deep knowledge has been fully cognizant obout the science of distinction between body and mind so he never takes the bodily sufferings and pains as his self's and never gets identified with them; so he is free from all the bodily grievances and suffer. ings. He never cares of the bodily lips and downs; he has been fully absorbed in bliss flowing from the realization of the soul, and in virtue of this bliss he is totally untouched by the bodily pleasures, and has been completely lost in the ocean of bliss of and proxi. mation with the soul.

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Samadhi Shataka 81 Criteria of Realization of the Soul rAgadveSAdikallolairalolaM yanmanojalaM / sa pazyatyAtmanara tattvaM tat tatvaM netaroM janaH / 35 / / Balancedness, undeviation and equlibrium etc, are the essence of knowledge. Ignorancs is the cause of distrees, unhappiness, mistries, and these make, in turn, sprout inequilibrium of mind. Therefore to realize the paramatma first we have to keep aloof ourselves and have to abandon desire, envy etc. and should be passsionless and away from all kinds of tempetations; and this make- up is the root cause of the ultimate patience and tranquility of mind; supreme peace is the towering outcome of this. When the mind is fully peaceful, tranquil and without any waves, there alone we can experience and apprehend the essence of the soul. But on the contrary who are infatuated of and teased by jealousy, desire, lust etc. can have no stable mind and can not see and experience the soul. Those who

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82 Essentials of cannot realize the soul cannot, though they may mould in innumerable ways their lives under asceticity and strene aus penance, attain tranquility, and all their efforts are futile and of no any avail. and mental Where there is no peace balance soul cannot be realized. is In short, the indetermined mind itself soul and the determined one is non-soul. The difference between soul and its hallucinations avikSiptaM manastattvaM, vikSiptaM bhrAntirAtmanaH / dhArayet tadavikSipta vikSiptaM nAzrayet tataH // 36 / / In this verse, what to be admitted and What to be abandoned, and what is the soul in real sense and what are its illusory impressions are explained. The mental make-up in which when there is no any source wherefrom the desire, envy

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Samadhi Shataka 83 arise; love and lust of the body and the like, the alien crust and cover, have come to an end, our understanding has reached the deepest maturity and makes a clear distinction between what is the real nature of the soul and what is non - soul things, the Science of distinction has been fully and exhaustively mastered, the mind becomes stainless, balanced and peaceful; and this peaceful and balanced mind is called as avikshipta, and it is this stage of mind is called as soul. The love and lust of the external body is the hallucination of the soul. It is due to this hallucination the desire and envy arise in our mind and they become vikshipta. This deviated and fractioned into peaces mind is not the real soul. This loaded mind is an uninvited condition which is contradictory and distorting agency 10 soul. Therefore ultimately Acharya has advised us that when we are desirious and aspirant of Moksha should strive hard to discard and abandon what is non-soul and should adopt

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84 and accept rjot, the omniscient, omnipotent soul. How and Why of confused and un-confused mind. Essentials of avidyAbhyAsasaMskArairavazaM kSipyate manaH / tadeva jJAnasaMskAraiH svatastattve'vatiSThate // 37 // gets way to make it unmoved and beginningless world the Jiva has Here it is explained as to why the mind bewildered and confused, and what is the and carved upon the impressions of allurement, lust, and ignorance. It is not therefore happy and peaceful; and on the contrary, in this world we strive to make it unoscillating and unmoved by using such apparatus as, instead of pacifying it, make flore and blaze more; SO it never comes into a state of peacefulness and tranquility. manner stable. In this been imposed To remove this unpeacefulness and running Acharya has advised in the following According to Acharya to bring the Jiva

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Samadhi Shataka 85 in a balanced and peaceful state we have to bring it in the proximity of whatever from knowledge flows, and have to put the impressions of knowledge and virtues. The Jiva should know and get confirmed as to what sorrows and pains are, what their root cause is, what their nature is etc. Once Jiva is fully aware of and perfect in knowing the cause and nature of sorrow and unhappiness; exactly this is it's beginning of knowing as to what happiness is. To remove the attraction and aversion, desire and envy, the accurate and certain way is the adoration and adoption of untemptedness, unsubduedness by passions and enticement of the worldly life. Passionlessness is the basic reason of the destroyal of sorrow and unhappiness. In this way removal of passions and contradictions from worldly illusions are the cause of the disappearance of the unpacified state, and this state is the root of pacifiedness and peacefulness.

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86 Essentials of Prays and Sensure cannot touch tne knower. apamAnAdayastasya vikSepo yasya vetasaH / nApamAnAdayastasya na kSepo yasya vetasaH / / 38 / / The person who has been subdued by the love and lust of the body is prone to a deviation of Chitta and is engulfed by passions, desires, aversions etc; and who becomes unhappy for the love of body compells himself to take honour and dishonour of body as his own soul's. The body is totally an alien thing to and contradictory to soul's nature; still the ignorant are fooled and take to soul whatever happens to body. Once who has fully conqured and enslaved all his passions never takes honour and dishonour in the contact of his body and his soul, therefore he cannot be unhappy. Acharya says that desire and envy are the great enemies of human beings, and are the very cause of the

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Samadhi Shataka 87 and try to worst which men must often hate discard. The man of knowledge is totally away from and beyond the passionai effects, so the world cannot honour or dishonour him, and if occassionally the honour and dishonour fall upon him, he decidedly and firmly thinks that they are directed and pointed only towards the body and cannot ensnare the soul; and exactly this is what keeps him very far from the sorrows and unhappiness, and cannot bring about any passional effects upon his mind, Remedy of pacifying the disire and envy. yadA mohAt prajAyete rAgadveSau tapasvinaH / aga hita FIFYRICH17 1f4a: 2012 113811 Human beings have got a great enticement and lust of the body; they think that boby is ultimate and everything of life; they have no insight and knowledge of the science of distinction between celestial and material,

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88 Essentials of eternal and perishable; and all these, the want of science of distinction, limitations of the body are casue of desire and envy. Therefore to bring the ultra speed of the passions to a dead halt and to extinguish their furious blaze, human beings should contemplate the soul, and this is the paramount way to overcome our passional enemies. The way to weaken the lust of the body. yatra kAye muneH prema tataH pacyAdhya dehinaM / budhdhA taduttame kAya yojayeta prema nazyati / / 40 / / It is natural principle that to weaken the energy of a thing it's habitual target is to be replaced by some other one which is superior to the unwanted one. In this line we should try to weaken and abolish the potentiality of our mind by diverting it from the temptations and affections of the body to the majesty and brightness of the soul. The lust and temptations of the body which is temporal, perishable

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Samadhi Shataka 89 and store-house of whatever is dirty, inauspicious and decaying can be overcome by directing to and habituating the mind of adoring, worshipping and contemplating the soul which is neither temporal nor perishable, but on tne contrary eternal and shining by its own luminousity. This is the best and the sole way to shape the mind in the desired way. Penance is in vain and empty without self knowledge. AtmavibhramajaM duHkhaM, AtmajJAnAt prazAmyati / nAyatAstatra nirvAnti, kRtvA'pi parama tapaH / / 41 // To relieve onself from the Karmic chain it is essential that one must have the knowledge of the distinction between soul and body, the matter and spirit, for the external abstinence of the body from the momentary, alluring things and consequently yealding no fruits, is futile; it is therefore essential on one's part the attainment of the clear and subtle knowledge of the distinction between i spiritual and material; and till this discrimnative

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90 Essentials of power is not achieved all the religious and moral percepts and observances fructify nothing. The man who has achieved this discriminative knowledge alone is, in a real sense, a self-subdued and confined whose soul alone can be stable and motionless in soul, and to be in soul and be there stable is a real penance. The distinction between ignorant Bahiratma and Philosopher, zumaM zariraM divyAMzca viSayAnabhivAMchati / utpannAtmamatidehe tatvajJAnI tatazcyutiM / / 42 / / The Bhairatma and Antaratma are distinct from each other, the former has less insight than the latter. Though their external activities, and religious percepts are same, the ultimate aim of these is different; therefore the fruits they bear are absolutely of differnt constitution and contents. In our activities, penance, observance of religious percepts are infatuated by the fulfilment of the worldly ambitions and passional flows, they are the cause of the round up re-births and

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Samadhi Shataka 91 sorrows; and if the activities are obserevd and obeyed in the light and directions of self-knowledge and the science of the discrimination bring forth the beneficial fruits ard causes to stop the cycle of births and re-births, According to Acharya Pujypad the hallucination and illusory knowledge of the soul are the root cause of the sorrows and unhappiness, and the science of discriminative knowledge is the way to overcome the worldly difficulties and calamities. The ignorant undergoes the penance, though too much rigorous and prolonged, yet his striving being oriented to and aimed at the Utopia in the Moksha and at getting dissolved and consanguineous there; it is this aim causes his penance to bring him again in the snare and cycle of the birth and re-birth. On the contrary the penance and austnrities of the enlightened are never directed towards the attainment of the heavenly Utopia; they are never allured of and attracted to the divinely pleasures; they aspire to relieve themselves from such pleasures

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92 Essentials of and never get engrossed in them; the fruit of this, they achieve, is that their adoration to soul and undergoing physical and mental labours yeald for them eternal bliss and never any round up rebirths and sorrows, pains arising from them. One and the same activity is the cause of confinement in and relief from Karma. paratrAhamati svasmAtcyuto badhnAtyasaMzayam / svasminnahaM matizcyatvA parasmAta mucyate budhaH / / 43 / / In this verse, Acharya has advissd that to be engrossed in worldly affairs and allured by the physical, the alien, activities, and to fall from the grace of the soul are the origin of confinement in Karma; and to get engrossd and dissolved in soul through soul and to keep totally aloof from the material allurements and affections, are the real way to liberate oneself from the chain and confinment of the Karmas. The man of knowledge is fully cognizant of the soul nature; he knows that to do any activities

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Samadhi Shataka 93 is not the soul nature; to be aloof from and stainless of the activities and to dwell stably in soul is the real nature of the soul. The aspirant who has climbed up the evolution ladder to a considerable hight serially goes on breaking his attachment to the Karmas and so ultimately dwells motionlessly and undeviatedly in soul. The man of knowledge and the irgnorant and their way of understanding dRzyamAmida mUDhastriligamavabudhyate / idamityavabuddhastu niSpannaM zabdavarjita // 44 // The ignorant Jiva has a great affection and allurement of the body and soul, and indiscreminately applies the same tripartite division as manness, womenness and neutrality to soul which he experiences with the body. This happen's alone when, Acharya says, one has been fully lost in the enjoyment of pleasures flowing from the affinity with and affection of the body. But one who has found the master key of

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94 Essentials of life opens it and finds, when peeped into it to be a void and disappointing, and comes to the conclusion that, though the male-female distinction is found with body, soul has no any distinctions, sexual or intellectual or physical, but it is beyond all of these and is homogeneous, simple and blissful. Therefore the enlightened man never thinks the soul to have any sexual distinctions and treat all th@ souls on the equal level. As a consequence of this the man of knowledge does not come in the clutches of sexual passions; he reaches such a stage as enforces and directs him to think that all human beings are on the same level; the material body is perishable and therefore though the physical body can be divided into sex-groups, the souls are of the same nature, rank, potence, since they have no any sex partitions.

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Samadhi Shataka 95 w Karmik confusions can re-arise. jAnannapyAtmanastatvaM viviktaM bhAvAyannapi / pUrvavibhramasaMskArAd bhrAMtiM bhUyo'pi gacchati / / 45 / / . In this verse, it is suggested that the confusion between matter and spirit and thereof arising the hallucinations and illusions of the ultimate nature of the soui, shouid not come in our way to salvations; we should strive to put continuously the impressions of the soulknowledge upon our minds and keep them pure, stainless and adoptable to any magnanimous advice. By the advice of the Guru, the Siddha, we can realize the essence of the soul, however the past Karmic faggot of ours comes in our way so we are again and repeatedly caught up by the illusions and mental distortions: and we fully become the victim of and swallowed up by the bodily pleasures and sex enjoyments, and so to weaken the allu. rement and effects of sexuality and sensuality

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96 Essentials of and wordly affairs and to increase the spiritual power of our minds we should go on adoring and meditating the Paramatma. The neglected and disregarded way of the man of knowledge acetanamidaM ddazyaM, addazyaM cetanaM tataH / kva ruSyAmi kva tuzyAmi madhyastho'haM bhavAmyataH // 46 / / If the Philosopher once again is ensnred and caught up, owing to the past Karmic impressions by the enjoyments flowing from the alien or nonsoul things what type of tricks and ways he follows up, is explained in this verse. One who has been fully congnizant of and matured in the supreme knowledge, thinks that whom I hate or love is a material body which is incelestial and non-thinking, and hence that my love and hatred bear no fruits. With this cosiderations the Philosopher goes away and leaves all the passional behaviour and activities and adopts the way of neglect and disregard towards these passionly 1

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Samadhi Shataka 97 infatuatedness and becomes unmoved, stainless and tranguil. It is the very nature of the Jiva that it should not be instigated and toched by any passionai outbreak; on the contrary to be a passive listener and seer is the essence of the Jiva; this Jiva never becomes angry and shows no hatred to the soul; since he cannot percive it, and his hatred to and love of body is tutile since its essence falls short of knowing and feeling. With this inferencial make up the philosopher keeps himself away from the hatred, desire, love etc. and adopts a way of neglectedness and disregard. No need of admitting or abandoning of external objects, tyAgAdAne bahirmUDhaH karotyadhyAtmamAtmavit / nAntabaMhirupAvAnaM na tyAgI niSThitAtmanaH / 147 / What the Bahirama and Antaratma adopt and reject is explained here; and it is elucidated as to how a thing is cn its own accpid is

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98 Essentials of perfect and admits nothing that is alien to it's nature and cannot abandon its essence of in this verse. The Bahiratma who is fully swallowed up by worldly iilusions, goes on striving hard repeatedly to absorb whatever is desired and wanting in him and throwing off and abstaining from the things which are not helping and are undesired. In fact. he can accept or reject the external things, so his desire and hatred of them are hollow and futile. The man of knowledge, the Antaratma, abandons and keeps away himself from the passions of desire and envy which he has been habituated with in his infancy and childhood So he cannot be found in the array and catacomb of the passions either favourable or hostile towards the alien objects. He hates the hate and desire themselves. Each and everything is perfect and unaccounting of anything else; and question of give-take becomes totally a hollowness.

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Samadhi Shataka 99 When the Jiva, in this way, comes in an unconditional and indetermined state it comes to his own abode and stays there unmovedly and exactly this is the way of being in conformity with and equal to the status of the Paramatma; and on reaching the Paramatma stage the Jiva is a passive and steady seer and knower; this point has been caught up and elucidated here in this verse. The way of concentration of mind. yujIta manasA''tmAnaM vAkkAyAbhyAM viyojayeta / manasA vyavahAraM tu tyajet vAkkAyayojitaM / 48 // The ignorant Jiva, being in an uncivilized state from the knowledge point of view being his mind under the yoke of physical allurement, utlizes it for. speech and physical activities; and therefore he, being activistic and passivistic gets himself engrossed in givingand taking the alien things and wrenches his whole energy and potentiality and puts in hollowness which fructifies nothing.

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100 Essentials of On the contrary, the philosopher utilizes the full potentiality of his mind not to any physical activities but to soul itself. He abandons every clash and crisis in his mind, and being fully undetermined devotes the total efficacy of mind to soul alone, and this sprouts in attaining him the status and stage of the Paramatma. The Compass of the ignorant's belief, jagat dehAtmadRSTInAM vizvAsaM ramyameva ca / svAtmanyevAtmadRSTInAM kva vizvAsaH kva vA ratiH // 49 / / The ignorant person who has a great attraction, affection and allurement of the body and pleasures frowing therefrom is fully engrossed in worldly life and has a wrong impression upon his mind that pleasures and pleasure giving things are permanent; and on the contrary, the man of knowledge who is fully sunk into the soul never gets allured and attracted by the worldly life and never finds any amusement, entertainment and believablity in it.

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Samadhi Shataka 101 Man of self - knowledge and his disinterestednessful activisticity. AtmajJAnAt paraM kArya na buddhau dhArayet ciraM / kuryAvarthavazAt kiM cit vAcakAyAbhyAmatatparaH // 50 // The ignorant finds pleasures, amusements in the world, so his mind is infatuated by worldly enticements and wonders and runs riot in the world. But to check the mind up from it's move and wandering the philosopher hindres the mind from running riot and restrains it and forcibly takes it to the vision of the soul and keeps it there unmovedly. He has no any interest, no satisfaction in external things. He is disinterested and pessimistic of the external world; if the surroundings compel him to speak or to work with sense organs he does it in a limited, balanced way and never misuses them, and his most of the time, most of the energy he pours into such activities as help him in seeing the global and fulfledged vision of the soul. The Philosopher has been confirmed of the

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102 :: Essentials of fact that to afford to speech or activities is not the original nature of the soul and that whenever he is bound and finds it unavoidable to put his. speech and physcial activities in process and making he does so but immediately afterwards he twists and turns them to the soul vision and detains there by firm restrainant and firm confidence that soul alone is eternal and every other thing is perishable hence illusory and deceiving. Philosopher is the conqueror of the Passions. yat pazyAmIndriyaistanme nAsti yannitatedriyaH / antaH pazyAmi sAnandaM tadastu jyotiruttamaM / / 51 / / The ignorant persons, who are soaked into and wet fully with the worldly pleasures, experience the external objects through their sense organs and think that the various pleasures flow from them; and take the innumerable trials to acquire them even at the cost of the valuable life and invaluable soul; and alas ! ultimately reap barren harvest. But the men

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Sanacim Shataka 103 of the knowledge are entirely congnizant of the source and nature of the pleasure and happiness they have before their innereyes the entire picture of the origin of the happiness which, think they, is nowhere or somewhere but in hemselves alone for it is being the very nature of the soul essentially to be of happiness. Hence the man of seff knowledge is never deceived by the sensuality and never makes in vain attempts to search the pleasures and nappiness through the tools of sense organs in the external world: he restrains and obstructs the inclination of the sense organs towards the materiality and pours the whole of him into his soul; and thereby he attempts the pure, unadulterated, undisguised ecstasy and bliss in his soul and remains there stable and stagnated for ever." Search of happiness and unhappiness, sukhamArabdhayogasya bahirduHkhamathAtmani / bahirevAsukhaM saukhyamadhyAtma bhASitAtmanaH // 52 //

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104 Essentials of Though the man who is newly initiated in Yogic Samadhi is attracted to and tempted by the external display of the objects due to his past faggot of Karmic activities; and he finds it very difficult to be unmoved in meditation of the soul. But those who have controlled their minds by putting a great restrainant and the impressions infatuated by the ardent and staunch faith in them can stabilize their minds in soul; and they never allow their minds to look through the joints at the exrernal objects having a great display and to get engrossed there. Their minds, by continuous adoration of the supremacy of the soul, naturally are soaked into soul and deny and avert the external objects and the pleasures flowing from them. Acharya says that those who are fully gratified never look at the world of experience but get stagnated in the supremacy of the soul; and on the contrary, the engrossed ones in the external world having a multiple displayes are never found gratified, unmoved and stable,

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Samadhi Shataka 105 . The way to be absorbed and stable in soul. tad bruyAt tat parAn pRcchet tadicchet tatparo bhavet / yenA vidyAmayaM rupaM tyaktvA vidyAmayaM vrajet / / 53 / / In this verse, the tricks and devices of being absorbed into soul are elucidated. As we go on making an enquiry into our beloved wife or dear son, go on asking about, go on keeping ourselves absorbed into our beloved wife or dear son when they are lost somewhere so, says Acharya, we should speak of the soul, think of it, ask about the nature of it to our realised Gurus who have experienced it, have very ardent longing of it, and should be absorbed continuously and unbrokenly in it. . In this way, if we havr a great faith in and an ardent adoration and unbreaking and unfluctuating memory of our soul, ignorance and misconception of the whole universe and the soul itself gradually go on disappearing and the flame of the selfknowledge at the same speed go on arising.

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106 Essentials of - Delusion of the ignorant zarIre vAci cAtmAnaM saMghatte vAkazarIra yoH / bhrAnto bhrAntaH punastattvaM pRthageSAM nibudhyate // 54 / / In this verse, it is explained that the external activities that are made with and through our speech and body are the result of our misconception of speech and body. The Jiva has not been fully matured in cognising that the soul is distinct from speech and body, and it wrongly supposes that the body and the speech themselves are soul. The ignorant Jiva is under the wrong impressions that it is an exalted and extremely evolved state when we utilise our speech and body for some activities ard he is never gratified; and cannot with a calm attention meditate the soul. But the enlightened Jiva is fully congnizant in knowing that the soul is absolutely distinct from the speech and body; and he is fully conversant and perfect in knowing that speech and body are never the soul. he never is tempted to

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Samadhi Shataka 107 do some activity or speaks something for naturally his engrossment in these has come to an end; and he is fully aware and realised that to afford to activities is not the essence of the soul, without any activity or performance to rest in scul supreme is the very nature of the soul, and of this nature the knower and possessor of self knowledge is fully congnizant. In the end of this verse, Acharya connotes a great principle that one who takes deep interest and gets engrossed into the external activities is a non- soul and one who avoids and denies all the external activities is cretainly a travel from non-soul to soul; and it is a creditable and admirable thing that one is towards soul and in soul. Ignorant takes interest in external things na tadstIndriyArtheSu yat kSemaMkaramAtmanaH / tathApi ramate bAlastatraivAjJAnabhAvanAt / / 55 / / Owing to impressions this the Jiva deluding and ignorant is allured by and tempted

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108 Essentials of Sensual of the external deceiving displayes. gratification indeed cannot yield any happiness; the soul finds no any well being there; the sensuality never not only of no any avail but also it obscures the way to soul and denies its essence, and the Jiva unbrokenly and continuously comes across and experiences that the sensuality often deceives, yet the foolish and mad Jiva stumbles and strives to enjoy sense pleasures which in fact are pains, sorrows in a disguised from. Acharya expresses his surprise at such Jiva. It sensuality understanding that dependent, furious and fierce, and is common is temporal burning cause of stagnation and retardation, effect of stagnation and unprogress, form of sorrow and unhappiness, in which Jiva finds no grain of satisfaction and happiness. It being so, still the Jiva covered by darkness and smoke of ignorance goes after to find pleasure flowing from sensuality and Acharya regrets at and wonders of this.

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Samadhi Shataka 109 The places of sleeping and waking of the ignorant Jiva. viraMsuSuptAstamasi mUDhAtmAnaH kuyoniSu / ana tmIyAtmabhUteSu mamAhamiti jAgrati / / 56 // In this verse, where the ignorant sleeps and where it wakes is mentioned in this begi. nningless world the Jiva being in Nigoda and the like living origin, lie in a profound and deep sleep. His thinking is at zero level and is darkened by the pitch and thick darkness; his intellectual powers are so weak that they possess the bottom rank on the evolution metre which do not help him know who are his parents, wife son etc. and keep him stagnated and confined in deep sleep for an extremely prolonged time. At the mercy of the fate the ignorant Jiva reaches the higher stage, the man stage etc. where, too, he is not relieved and his rational powers are engorssed by and tempted of the related persons, worldly things, and he misconceives the body to be the scif, the coming in and going

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110 Essentials of out of the body are the process of the self to be here or beyond. In short he is fully busy and totally waking in things that are the objects of five sense organs and fully pregnant of the deep sleep of soul - sight. Where the man of knowledge is wakeful ? pazyet nirantaraM dehamAtmano'nAtmacetasA / aparAtmadhiyA'nyeSAmAtmattve vyavasthitaH / / 57 / / In this verse, Acharya has given us the directions that are of an incalculable value. The enlightened and immediately seen the soul - sight is fully congnizant that soul is nothing and nothing is soul, body is alien; it is non-soul. He is fully realised that his body is not soul and his soul is not body; even he advises the people that their bodies are not their souls and vice versa; he never loves and is not tempted of the body in a positive or negative sense; even advises people not to be miserable and sorrowful at the cecay of the body and not to be infatuated

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Samadhi Shataka 111 with well being of it, treading the same path himself in his life. in this way, the realised is well balanced and wakeful in his soul alone. Futility of the advice to the Ignorant. ajJApitaM na jAnanti yathA mAM jJApitaM tthaa| mUDhAtmAnastatasteSAM vRthA me jJApanazramaH / / 58 / / Those who on advising themselves are infatueted thereof and are prepared to pass by along. with and in conformity with the advice. Then the advice is sown in proper and well laboured and cultivated mind; and there is a well fructificity. in those who are not unfortunately destined to receive some advice from some Guru, the preceptor, it matters not if they do not know what soul is; but if those whom proper advice is given are confronted to the essential nature of the soul, are made cognized of what is worthy and un-worthy, yet do not know the nature of the soul, do not relieve themselves of the passions, threatenedness and temptations of the external world, then it is futile and fruitless to advise them.

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112 Essentials of The realized do not want to advise. yada bodhayitumicchAmi tannAhaM yadahaM punaH / grAhayaM tadapi nAnyasya tat kimanyasya bodhaye / / 59 // In this verse, it is explained that the soul experience is not a matter of imparting it to others through speech which is material, it can not be communicated to others for it is a matter of self apprehension. The words are inert and determined; the soul is celestial, conscious and indeterminant; therefore, the words and soul can not be linked together tor the former is objeciive, heterogeneous, concret and inert while the latter subjetive, simple and eternal. The soul experience is a matter of self knowing, self apprehending and not a thing that is throwable from outside to the innermost corner by someone; it is like the sugar that is to be tasted by the one oneself to know its taste that is never sensed by others, expeience. So the knowledgeful men never think to impart and make know to others the essense of the soul

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Samadhi Shataka 113 and so are fully soaked into the soul ecstasy and be passive, gratified and unmoved there. Distinction between Bahiratma and Antaratma. bahistuSyati mUDhAtmA pihitajyotirantare / tuSyatyantaH prabuddhAtmA bahiAvRttakautukaH / / 60 / / Man is never engrossed into what is acquiainted to him, he strives to reach and catch up what is unfamiliar to him. Man of knowledge never finds any sweetness, any infatuation in the acquiainted and familiar things that have been in the proximity of the senses for a prolonged time; he is with a great speed and force, eagerress and labour after the eternal bliss following from the soul, that is unknown, infami. liar and unacquainted to Him. He finds no any joy, no any admiration, no any atraction in what is known to him and his senses for a prolonged time; he finds incalculable sweetness in passing from the familiar to unfamiliar, the soul. He terminates his mental inclination that runs to

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114 Essentials of sensual snare and twists it and turns it and unacquianted and takes to the unknown, the on reaching there he dwells there with a full joy and contentment. Ignorant unnecessarily loves and hates the body. na jAnanti zarIrANi sukhaduHkhAnyabuddhayaH / nigrahAnugrahadhiyaM tathApyatraiva kurvate // / 61 / / According to Acharya we should love or restrain, give freedom or curb whatever is capable of knowing, whatever has the sensation of sorrow and joy; but whatever is totally inert, unknowing unsensing and cannot be affected by sorrows or joyes is never to be loved, restrained, curbed or freedom for all processes is invain, yielding no fruit and of no any avail. Acharya expresses his awaness at such foolish and misguiding activities. Our body is incelestial, it is completely unaware of the mercy or hatred, if one is totally incognizant of the favourable and unfavourable, what is

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Samadhi Shataka 115 wealsome and unwealsome to itself, it is futile and invain to love or hate it Hence the man of knowledge never keeps no any intimacy or any relationship with the external objects; he totally pours whole of his essence into his own soul and lies there unmoved with a soul - intoxication. The root cause of Samsar and that of Moksha. svabudhyA yAvad gRhIyAt kAyavAjha cetasAMtrayaM / saMsA stAvadetoSAM bhedAnyAse tu nirvRtiH / / 62 / / The Jiva is bound by Samsar till he is ensnared in the array of mind, speech, body, tendencies and their natural inclination towards the enticement flowing from the external objects; but when the Jiva attains an acute insight and thereby distinguishes between soul and sense organs, between sensuality and spirituality, all the allurements, delusions, temptations leak down and perish, and it is entirely relieved and it comes to a fully liberated

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116 Essentials of stage. It is not the essential nature of the activities, but on the Jiva to do contrary to retire from all sorts of activities and being is the inactivistic to be a knower and a seer very essence of it; and to work in ncy of the essential nature of the the very way to liberation. In the view of the seer. ghane vastre yathAtmAnaM na ghanaM manyate tathA / ghane svadehe'pyAtmAnaM na ghanaM manyate budhaH / / 63 / / the congrue Jiva is to It is an entire ignorance to think the body be soul, and this conception of the body and soul is as foolish and delusory as the view that putting on the thick and fat clothes and thinking that the body is accordingly fat and stout. The seers have an acute and subtle sense of the distinction between body and soul and their peculiar natures. jIrNe vastre yathAtmAnaM na jIrNa mankhate tathA / jIrNe svadehe'pyAtmAnaM na jIrNa manyate budhaH / / 64 / /

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Samadhi Shataka 117 naSTe vastre yathAtmAnaM na naSTaM manyate tathA / naSTe svadehe'pyAtmAnaM na naSTaM manyate budhaH // 65 / / rakte vastre yathA'tmAnaM na raktaM manyate tathA / rakte svadehe'pyAtmAnaM na raktaM manyate budhaH // 66 / / The man of knowledge who is the perfect and realised is never allured of and deceived by the body as it is soul; hence his view of the body is that it is like a coverage, clothes worn upon. When the clothes are torn off or worn out or of red colour, we do not think that our body is in congruency with or similar to these types of clothes, so we are never depressed of these alterations, and so we throw off and give ul retirement to the old clothes and choose some new ones. Like manner, the seer does not think that his soul is decaying when his body is on the death-bed; never is depressed and dispaired at the departure of this material body; and with an eye sight directed towards the eternal abode with passive and gayful mood takes farewell of

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118 Essentials of the both, the body and the world. Those who are passive and steady. philiosophers and Arihant are very courageous and firm, passive and staunchly unmoved from their ultimate vision; they are never afraid of death for they think it is a natural and unavoidable course. Those who fear the death, Acharya says are held tight and dragged to the hellish stage, the Narki Avastha. The man who has attained a fulfledged and magnificient vision has realised that the soul is immortal and is never caught up in the clutches of mortality; he is calm and tranquil at the death process and gets burried and soaked into the soul-vision and dwells there enjoying what is eternal, the soul, the Atmavaibhava. The value of the body in Onyani's view yasya saspandamAbhAti ni:spandena samaM jagat / aprajJamakriyA bhogaM sa zamaM yAti netaraH // 67 / /

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Samadhi Shataka 119 He is the man of knowledge and is seer who has the insight that the world which is active and ever in flux, is in a real sense inert and inactive. According to Acharya, the activity is not the nature of the soul. Activity is this material world, but the world sense of doing activity or it is not capable to sense the sorrows or joys flowing from the activities. the effects of ha's no any If this world is inactive and the ignorant finds there continuous flow of the activities; and this is due to the inborn tendency of the ignorant to enjoy and taste whatever, flowing thereof, is good and bad, favourable and hostile. The undeveloped and darkened reason thinks the body to be soul, and activities effected therefrom are produced by the soul itself, but the realised reason finds the significance and secret of these mischievous and delusory world; and it has a full confidence and intellectual maturity that the soul is pure bliss and activities produced by body are not those of the soul. Hence

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120 Essentials of the soul is not the affective but a passive seer of these activities, it never becomes divisible with these activities; it remains only passive on looker of them; so it is not subdued by passional force, is in a continuous. mental equilibrium, and is passive, tolerating and restrained. The ignorant has been made victim by the contrary tendencies to the enlightened and is often in depression, miseries and dispaire. Mental inclination of the Ignorant zarIra kaMcukenAtmA saMvRtajJAnavigrahaH / nAtmAnaM budhyate tasmAt bhramatyaticiraM bhave / / 68 / / The knowledge and congnizance of soul is the cause of Moksha; and misunderstanding and wrong conception of soul lead to ensnarement in worldly life. The body and the soul are linked together since time immemorial. The soul dwells in the body and body is the cloth upon it, so the ignorant is deceived and thinks the body to be

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Samadhi Shataka 121 soul itself and cannot realise the nature of soul. He is comp'etely uncognizant of the existence of the soul inside the body, Nature of body. real One can reach ultimate goal when one has a clear insight of the distinction between what soul is and what body is; and it is this potence of distinguishing between temporal and eternal is the loop hole through which the ignorant realises the Ultimate and the Eternal; and he is totally burried in spiritual bliss for ever there. pravizidagalatAM vyUhe dehe'NUnAM samAkRtau / sthitibhrAntyA prapadyante tamAtmAnamabuddhayaH / / 69 / / items Our body is a cluster and heap of the which for every movement are new, and old ones leak aside from the body. The process of coming new..items and going a way of the old ones, is so subtle that our sense ability to know it falls very short of it, and therefore, the external outlook of it seems as if it is continuous

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122 Essentials of and homogenous, so the ignorant are deceived for not having the acute insight of the minutest and subtle change and having fooled thereof think that the body itself is soul and go on adoring and worshiping, reserving and preserving it. Pudgal is combiand oozing, the living being or and every But the nature of the ning and disbursing, growing Puran - Galan process, so the any existent dies a death for each movement, and this process being so subtle and unperceivable that we cannot sense this process and hence at a fixed time the body comes to an end; the fools are compelled to dash at the rocks of despair and repent unprofitably, The man who has attained the full perspective of the soul nature, knows very Well what Pudgats are, what soul is; and $0 he is never caught up by depression, despair, sorrows and relieves his bady at the greatest ease and joy, for he has been fully exhaustive in the life here and on this planate and has a full sense and insight of what is eternal:

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Samadhi Shataka 123 The body of knower. gauraH sthUlaH kRzo vA'hamityaG ganA vizeSayan / AtmAnaM bhAvayetnityaM kevalajJapti vigrahaM / / 70 / / The man of knowledge has a subtle and acute insight of the nature of the soul, so he never misconceives the soul and never thinks, with the congruency of the body that the soul is black or white, thick or fat, mine or thine, but has a full and real vision of the soul that is simple, eternal and absolute. The cause of Mukti. muktirekAntiko tastha citte yasyAcalA dhRtiH / tasya naikAntikI muktiryasya nAstyacalA dhRtiH / / 71 / The man who has a profound love, unmoving and unflexible adoration, taunch and firm belief, fearlessness and courage of the soul can invariably and inevitably and categorically attain the liberation; and who lack the above qualities and mental efficacies are unfortunate and never destined to attain eternal abode, the Moksha.

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124 Essentials of Why does the yogi go off from the world janebhyovAka tataH spando manasazcittabhipramAH / / bhavanti tasmAt saMsarga janoMgI tatastyajet // 72 / / When the Jiva is accompanied and encircled by the thick rush and unwanted noises of the people, his mind cannot retain its equilibrium and peacefu!ness and it become fickle and flighty; and hence advice and directions are prescribed that to retain the calmness and pacificity of the mind people contact is absolutely broken off and aloofness is kept strictly. Further it is advised that only breaking off the societal contact is not the absolute cause of the meutal pacificity and stability hence societal contact is the Nimittakaran, an external cause of mental inbalance and unpeacefulness. The realization and philosophy of the soul is the exact, acurate, non-missing and absolute cause of the tranquility of mind.

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Samadhi Shataka 125 Staying of ignorant and knower. prAmo'raNyabhito dvadhA nivAso'nAtmadarzinAM / dRSTAtmanAM nivAsastu viviktAtmaiva nizcalaH / 73 / / It is the very nature of the things to dwell in their own jurisdiction, in their own class, species and in their own essentiality. Nothing can interchange, exchang or replace or alter its station, and it is born quality to be unchangeable, unalterable and absolute. The ignorant Jiva thinks the house, the town where he resides in his own field where he stays, thinks his own field. But this thought process that where he stays is his own, is a misleading one, since the stay in town or jungle never enhances and elevates the personality, and never evokes one to see the full vision of the soul. Those who have proximated to and reached the last step of Paramatma Mandir, have a full insight of the nature of the things, and stay and absorb

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126 Essentials of themselves into the very soul, into the eternal bliss, then it does not affect them whether they are inside or outside the town; station at soul, in soul is the prominent and important feature and category of the knower, the seer. Cause of Samsar and Moksha. dehAntaragaterbIjaM deha'sminnAtmabhAvanA | bIjaM videhaniSpaterAtmanyevAtmabhAvanA / / 74 / / The Jiva that is due to his past faggot of Karmas is tempted infinitely and is bound up with the passionate ties of the body itself, allured of the bodily enjoyment and subdued by the impressions that body itself is soul, remains for an infinite time in worldly life and cause of birth cycle for a becomes the prolonged time. On the contrary, the Jiva that realised and fully absorbed into soul, never is found into the clutches of the brith and re-birth cycle; such Jivas immediately relieve themselves from

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Samadhi Shataka 127 disinterested the round-up-rebirths; and to be of the body and absorbed master key of evolving to the stage of Paramatma. into soul Is Soul is the Master of Soul. the nayatyatmAnamAtmaiva, janma nirvANameva ca / NGCIEHISSZAFAzna azoisfka gemga: 110411 In our daily routine work and life, whosoever guides us, properly directs us is, we think, our Guru, but in real sense, he is not Our ultimate Guru, he is merely a director or advisor. According to Pujyapadacharya, our soul is our real and ultimate Guru, soul is soul's Guru, and soul uplifts and elevates our soul to Moksha or Nirvan, and soul apart from there is no fit, potent, real, omniscient Guru. Ignorant is afraid of death dRDhAtmabuddhihehAdAvutpazyannAzamAtmanaH / mitrAdibhirviyogaMca bibheti maraNAt bhRzaM / / 76 / / any In this life who have not undergone severe training, not addicted to experts' advice and not obtained any and mental proximity

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128 Essentials of identity with those of the Guru, fail to collect the knowledge; and such unfortunate and ignorant Jivas are infatuated by body-love, tempted of bodily enjoyment and cannot even tolerate the idea of the separation and removal of their dear and favourite person; and therefore are afriad of death for they are under such imp. ression that the death of the body is the death of the soul; and this is absolutely wrong for the soul is eternal and never comes into the matrix or crucible of the death. Why is the knowar not afraid of death? AtmanyevAtmadhIranyAM zarIragatimAtmanaH / manyate nirbhayaM tyaktvA vastraM vastrAMtaragrahaM / / 77 / / The seer whose verstility is fulfledged and evolved to its apex, has a noble vision and mental global evoledness with him, so he does not get wrongly impressed of the facts that death of the body is the death of the soul; he has a perfect knowledge of the soul, philosophy. he is fully cognizant of the fact that

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Samadhi Shataka 129 the decay of one body and assuming of the other one is same as the putting off the old clothes and putting on new ones; and hence he is never depressed of and shocked at when the death embraces him The modes of waking and sleeping of the knower and ignorant. vyavahAre suSuptI ya: sa lAgAtmagocare / jAgarti vyavahAre smina suSuptazcAtmagocare / / 78 / / One who is awake and conscious of worldly life is sleeping and unconscious and uncognizant of the soul; and he who is unconscious of and sleeps in worldly life is awake and conscious of soul.. The way attaining eterna! Moksha AtmAnamantare dRSTvA dRSTvA dehAdikaM bahiH / tayoratnara vitAnAdamyAsAdacyuto bhavet / / 79 / / / In this verse, the way to undeviation and unrefraction from the way to soul is explained.

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130 Essentials of - When the enlightened aspirant comes near the shining orbit of the soul and actually realises the soul, he contracts and withholds his sense organs from their subjects and keeping in mind that the body is alien to Soul and totally becoming disinterested steps down into his soul and strives hard to stay there unmoved. By the force of distinguishing science, he keeps aside whatevere is mundane and stays in his soul unmovedly, undeterioratedly forever; and exactly this is the way of not deteriorating and not falling down from the way to soul. The distinction between Prarabdha Yogi and the Nishpann Yogi. pUrva dRSTAtmatattvasya cibhAtyunmattavat jagat / svam yastAtmadhiyaH pazcAt kASTapASANarupavat / / 8 / / The prarabdha Yogi is he who is disinterested in the mundane process and things, and he finds, at this stage the world to be impudent and hauty and acting accordingly, in virue

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Samadhi Snataka 13 of the firm belief in and deep adoration to soul finds the world as inert as the stone and wood, and knows that it is deceiving unaspicious and hostile, denying and obscuring soul sight. He never looks at the word with any covetousness; the mundane world has been totally disappeared from his mind and he dwells in his soul fully intoxicated by soul - joy. But it is an essential thing in the Prarabdha Yogi that the impressions of ditinction between matter and spirit, world and soul are to be carved and hammered upon his mind again and again continuously for, though he has once realised the soul sight, there is some possibllity of being drawn him back to the most powerful and alluring world. Need of continuous adoration of soul. zRNvannapyanyata: kAmaM vadannapi kalevarAt / nAtmAnaM bhAvayet bhinnaM yAvat tAknna mokSabhAka / 81 / / The knowledge of self is not a subject of listening to or not that of communicating it by

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132 Essentials of - way of instructions or not that of memorising and reproducing it in the daily routine walk of life: it is on the contrary a matter of self-apprehension which is to be continuously and repeatedly rememorised, again and again intentionally longed and meditated, and on fulfilment of this process alone the soul sets stable itself and unmoved in the soul and enjoys there eternal bliss. tathaiva bhAvayet dehAt vyAvRttAtmAnamAtmani / yathA na punarAtmAnaM dehe svapne'pi yojayet / / 82 / / In this verse, we are advised that though we have been successful in attaining the knowledge of self, one precaution is given us that once acquired this self-knowledge may not, owing to past impressions and Karmic force, disappear and we may not once again fall back and be not caught up by the worldly temptations; we should adore and maditate soul nature again and again and continuously. The unmoved and unfluctuating state, while dwelling in soul, can be conquered by the repeated and continuous meditation of the soui.

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Samadhi Shataka Abandonment of observances and non-observances. apuNyamavrateH puNyaM vrataMrmokSastayo'vyayaH / avratAnIva mokSArthI vratAnyapi tatastyejet // 83 // 133 In this verse, the real significance and limits of the religious observances and non-observances are given When one follows and abides by the religious and moral observances one increases one's merit storage; when one does not abide by the observances and goes how and wherever thinks, that is, one follows the nondecreases and makes leak one's one reserviour. According to Acharya observances, one merit observa nces and non-observances, following of which is an obstacle, a hindrance in the aspirant's way to Moksha, for both the observances as well as non-observances are fetters and chains around the feet, former being golden and latter iron; this much difference is there. In short, both are barring one from attaining the Moksha. -

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134 Essentials of Order of non-observance and observance avratAni parityajya vrateSu pariniSThitAH / tyajet tAnyapi saMprApya paramaM padamAtmanaH / / 84 / / . It is advised here that one should first abandon the erroneous demerits which are nonobservances and restrain onself from performing and having any proximity with them; and on abandoning whatevere is demeritorious, one then should try to leave and abandon even the proper and religious observances; both these Vritas and Avritas are hindrances in the way to Moksha. Determination is the cause of sorrows. yadantarjalpa-saMpRktamutprekSAjAlamAtmanaH / mUlaM duHravasya tannAze ziSTamiSTaM para padaM / / 85 / / Ignorant people think yields real happiness; but absolutely wrong. that sense enjoyment says Acharya, this is So long as there are enticement and

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Samadhi Shataka 135 allurement,' temptation and predominance of passions in our minds we cannot be free and. indetermined; and what we yield with the mediatorship of the senses of ours is temporal and deceiving, and a cause of the misery. The moment we are free and indetermined of the sense control and temptations of the particular subject of sense organs, we are deserved the highest station, the finest excellence, the Moksha. The way to reach the highest stage, the Paramatma avrato vratamAdAya vratI jJAnaparAyaNaH / paramAtmajJAnasaMpannaH svayameva paro bhavet / / 86 / / First, it is advised here that we have to keep aloof us from demerits, vices, violences etc. which are non-observances, and on the entire abandonment of these we should go by way of strict observances toilowing Ahimsa, Truth, Apari grah etc. and should try to attain, the finest and highest knowledge, the knowledge of self; and on the attainment of the eternal soul-vision we should,

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136 Essentials of in subtle way. come up above and abandon meritorious and demeritorious activities and percepts, there and then we find whatever we were searching for and our soul turns into the Paramatma. External inake is also hindrance to Moksha liga dohazritaM dRSTaM deha evAtmano bhavaH / na mucyante bhavAt tasmAt te ye liMgakRtAgrahAH / 87 / Those who think that external make or external appearance or style alone is the cause of Moksha, cannot attain it. External make and appearance are a sign of body and never that of soul. Knowledge of self is a real sign of soul and those who have by a streneous penance achieved the self knowledge alone can attain the liberation. Those who are well ' versed in and have fuifledged knowledge of soul, cannot have any temptation for external things and their play: and self-knowiedge, which is the real sign of soul, is an absolute way to Moksha.

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Samadhi Shataka 137 Race or family is not the cause of Moksha. jAtidehAzritA dRSTA deha evAtmano bhavAH na mucyate bhavAt tasmAta te ye jAtikRtAgrahAH / / 88 / / One who hails from a particular family or race or caste is one's caste. But caste or race is a sign of the body and never that of the soul. To realise sout caste is not a means or comes in the way. Caste is a business of fate, it falls within the domaine of fate or luck while the self knowledge is a sing of sout itself Soul knowledge is not a subject to any caste or race, or it is not barred by any particular caste or race. Hence castism is an obstacle in the way of Moksha, Sect is not the cause of Moksha. jAtiliMgavikalpena yeSAM ca samayAgrahaH / te'pi na prApnuvantyeva paramaM padamAtmanaH / / 89 / / Any particular sector. canon or religion is not the cause of Moksha. Moksha is an

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138 Essentials of absolutely different thing. It is never bound up by any sector creed. Those who by undergoing a rigourous penance and restraining the whole of them realise and attain the knowledge of soul can alone reach the Moksha. Contradictory effects of allurement. yattyAgAya nivartante bhogebhyo yadavApyate / prIti tatraiva kurvanti dveSamanyatra mohinaH / / 90 // Those who to weakan the power of senses and to increase the mental strength and courage leave the house and rest in an unpeopled area, the jungle; but their love and pride of body, caste, race, sect do not come 10 an end; and not having had a clear insight of the self-knowledge, hate it and look at it contemptedly; and it is here the contradiction comes in. Such people who have been barred by infatuation, temptation, allurement of body, caste and the like cannot deserve the Moksha.

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Samadhi Shataka 139 Ignorant and his misunderstandings anantarajJaH saMghatte dRSTiM paMgoryathA'ndhake / Page #147
140 Essentials of Clear understanding of the knower dRSTabhedI yathA dRSTI paMgorandhe na yojayet / tathA na yojayet dehe dRSTatmA dRSTimAtmanaH / / 92 / / The man of the knowledge has a clear understanding and right insight and he never fails or comes under any misconception. He, by penetrating the heart of whole universe would have reached an exact and accurate conclusion that lame cannot walk and blind can not see; and he knows exhaustively and perfectly that the material body absolutely does not deserve having any ability of seeing or knowing; and whatever is seen or knowo by soul alone. The Dnyani has a full perspective of the material world and right apprehension of the soul nature. Illusions in the view of ignorant and knower. suptonmattAdyavasthaiva vibhramo'nAtmadarzinAM / vibhramo'kSINardoSasya sarvAvasthA''tmadarzinaH / / 13 / / In this verse it is mentioned that the ignorant

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Samadhi Shataka 141 and the holder of illusory view has been totally subdued by the impressions that the potential state and the devinely maddened state are illusory and dilusory, ignorant and deceiving; and that the seer or knower, the Dnyani, has come to the conclusion that the man of wrong know ledge has been fully swallowed up by animal tendencies and worldly temptations for whose all the mental flows, understandings, views, workings and behaviour in the world are illuosty and deceiving. Again the seer finds that the men who are groping in the darkness have been addicted to the view that the subjects of senses are pleasure giving to soul and so they are not illusory. Hence that all the activities and states of minds of the ignorant are illusory is the view of the self-knower. Distinction beetween knower and ignorant. viditAzeSAstro'pin jAgradudi mucyate / dehAtmadRSTirjJAnAtmA suptAnmatto'pi mucyate // 94 //

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142 Essentials of In Acharya's view, he is ignorant and unknower who is under the wrong impression that body and senses themseives are soul though then he might have studied all moral and religious books and might be fully awake. And such adorer of the body and external world never be relieved from Samsar cycle. On the contrary, he is a real seer and knower who has an efficacy and potentiality of bringing about the hard and fast wall between what soul is and what body is though he might exeternally be in a latent mood and sleepy. And such mangificient personality alone can attain the unattainable, the Moksha. Need of faith, yaafeau): A: 461 aia viud i yatraiva jAyate zraddhA, cittaM tatraiva lIyate / / 95 / / Faith is the mother or the source of all. Wherein man has got his faith, his intellect, too, comes in tune with it. Faith and thought never disperse from each other or there is no any contrarity or

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Samadhi Shataka 143 man must contradiction between them. Faith is a leader, thought is it's ardent follower and devotee. Hence have a firm and undeviating faith in that is to be sought and attained. This is the first step. Once firm faith is achieved, the out drawing mind stops there withot any distraction and without being any obstacle in the way; and within no time the aspirant becomes disinterested in deceiving world and stays still and uumoved in his soul. Behaviour is to be based upon firm faith. yatrAnA hitadhIH puMsaH zraddhA tasmAt nivartate / yasmAt nivartate zraddhA kutazcittasya tallayaH // 96 // In this verse, it is advised that to keep away from the temptations we should lessen Our intense attachment for the external objects and subjects. When we are free from the attachment our tendencies go on dissolving automatically. In dissolving onr interests and attachments, is our real courage, the Purusharth.

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144 As there is dissolution of the attachment so there is accordingly our nature and behavioural arisal. As what type of faith is there so there is of that type of nature. There is a faith and nature or behaviour. Essentials of cause effeat relation between The order of the adoration of the variety of supremes etc. bhinnAtmAnamupAsyAtmA paro bhavati tAdRzaH / vartirdIpaM yathopAsya bhinnA bhavati tAdRzI // 97 // To see our face we have to see into the mirror, SO to realize our soul we have to adore a supreme or an excellence which is different from our soul; for it is our life way that it becomes very helping, accomplishing to go from known to unknown. We have to first worship and meditate those who are different from our soul and who are conqueror of passions, the Arihant, the Bhagwan for these supremes are known to us.

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Samadhi Shataka 145 To reach and realize the Karanparamatma, who is unfamiliar and unknown to us we first start from the known, the Arinant, the Bhagwan etc. Though the wick is entirely difierent from the tame it gets drowned into it and becomes itself a flame. So by adoring what is known, the Arihant, we should try to be unknown, ihe Paramatma. The fruition of the adoration of the Supreme upAsyAtmAnamevAtyA jAyate paramo'dhavA / mathitvA''tmAnamAt meva jAyate' gniryathA taruH 1.98 / the There is a great difierence between last verse and this one. In the last verse it is advised that to be a Paramatma one should adore the supreme. the Arihant, the Siddha etc, but in this verse - we are directed that one should adore the Paramatma himself to become Paramatma. For this Acharyy has advised us that our soui

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146 Essentials of has got that much potentiality and excellence as mnch the Paramatma has. For this he has quoted here a simili of a tree that tree can by friction, one branch upon the other, create the fire, which is potentiality Tying there so our soul by its potentiality and by adoring the Paramatma can reach there and can be itself a Paramatma. Fruition of self-adoration itIdaM bhAvayet nityamavAcAM gocaraM padaM / scata eva tadApnoti yato tAvartate punaH / 99 / In this summing up verse Acharya has very yearningly advised us that we being ordinary and encircled by worldly things and engulfed by temptations should first adore the distinct Arihant, Siddha supreme and then should turn to what indistinct, the Paramatma. This Paramatma shcuid be adored and worshipped continuously unbrokenly, unmovedly, unfluctuatingly and we bring our potentiality to its fruition and become Paramatma. The state of Paramatma cannot be

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Samadhi Shataka 147 attained through any apparatus, or by someone, it is completely in our reach. By the help of our own soul we can be Paramatma. The result or fruition of the adoration of the Paramatma is that our soul can without the help of someone or something can be a Paramatma; and can remain in eternal state enjoying the full bliss for ever, and never come back to this worldly life. Refutation of the Charvaka and Samkhya views ayatnasAdhyaM nirvANaM, cittatvaM bhUtajaM yadi / anyathA yogatastasmAt, na duHkhaM yoginAM kvacit / / 100 / / According to Charvaka, if the soul is an outcome, emergence from the matter, the five gross bodies, the Moksha and its attainment are meaningless; and our strenuous exertion for the attainment of it is futile aud barren. According to Samkhya if the Purush or the soul is naturally self-proved, self-dependent

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148 Essentials of and self-existent then there is no any need of meditation, penance, abstinance for Moksha. But according to the Acharya both these above views are not justifiable and so unacceptable. In his view, Moksha is not naturally and easily achieved; a strenous, and rigorous penance, study of Yog are the essential steps to Moksha. Therefore, the Yogi or ascetic is never tired and distressed of the rigorous penance for attaining the Nirvana. Can there be the soul after death? svapne dRSTe vinaSTe'pi na nAzo'sti yathAtmanaH / tathA jAgaradRSTe'pi viparyAsA vizeSataH / / 101 / The man of ignorance is under such an impression that the soul gets destroyed alongwith the body and comes into existence with the body in this world; and all these impressions are an outcome of his unknown impotence: and his mental make-up is the same as the process in the dreams that the bodies are

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Samadhi. Shataka 149 and a moment later are coming into perishing being But the scer knows the mistry of the dreams and the death. He is fully aware that the events in dreams are illusory, and that, in waking life, the death of the soul with the body is also a fact based upon the ignorance, so the knower is not depressed and distressed at the sight of death for he has a clear idea that soul is not destroyed and that it is immortal, everlasting and eternal What is tha mative. behind the penance ? aduHkhabhAvitaM jJAnaM kSIyate duHkhasaMnidhau / tasmAt yathAvalaM duHkherotmAnaM bhAvayenmuniH / / 102 / / In this verse, one important point is illustrated that when one acquires the knowledge very easily, unlaboriously and without undergoing any penance such knowledge very easily disappears when it is confronted with some dilemma, some miserable occasion. Hence the

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150 Essentials of Yogi undergoes some strenuous penance and exertion, try to addict to the miserable and distressing occasion so as to keep intact and preserve the knowledge which he has acquired after a long and hard study. To incraase soul power he studies Yoga. Penance, bodily dedicated study and adoration of knowledge are salient features and duties of Muni. Activities by body prayatnAdAtmano vAyuricchAdveSapravartanAt / vAyoH zarIrayaMtrANi vartante sveSu karmasu // 103 // . The body becomes activistic as an effect of the desire, hate etc. that have conquered and arrested the Jiva. The oxygen is created by the trials and extertions that have been made for the activity which are result and effect of desire and hate. This oxygen is the very cause and impetus to the sense organs and hence they are excited and rush towards their subjects The Jiva desires and strives hard to absorb the subjects of senses through

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Samadhi Shataka 151 senses. This desire is the Gause of hate, love, envy, ego, etc. In this way desire, envy, etc. are the very base of the cycle of this worldly life. Hence to relieve from the cycle, self knowledge is the only cause, the only way. The cause of miseries tAnyamAtmani samAropya sAkSANyAste sukhaM jaDaH / tyaktvA''ropaM punarvidvAn prApnoti paramaM padaM / 104 / / To conceive that the activities done i by tocy are the activities created by soul, is absolutely misguiding and wrong. That the bodily activities belong to soul and that the soul is subject of these activities etc. are the very cause of the miseries and sorrows. Hence one should distinguish between the body and soul and their jurisdictions and orbits clearly first; and then being totally disinterested in woildly life one should lie in soul unmovedly and unfluctuatedly; and this is the exact and right way of the removal of miseries and sorrows and thereby to attain the eternal bliss,

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152 Essentials of Summming up muktvAparatra parabuddhimahaMdhiyaM ca / saMsAraduHkhajananI jananAda vimuktaH / / jyotirmayaM sukhamupaiti parAtmaniSThaH / tanmArgametadadhigamya samAdhitaMtraM // 105 / / in this last verse, it is very yearningly stated that the love, covetousness and affection of the body which is alien to soul, and no love, no affection of the soul, are the root cause of sorrows, miseries in the worldly life. One who has abandoned all these and has realized the ultimate nature of the soul can enjoy the eternal bliss and lie in the Paramatma for ever. Exactly this way to Moksha is explained in this book as an central idea of it, the Samadhi - Shatak. Acharya Pujyapad, therefore, has expressed his good will that the aspirant, the Mumukshu should study and memorise this Samadhi - Shatak or Samadhi - Tantra and thereby attain the Ultimate Soul, the Paramatma. THE END

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The Author Prof. B. M Chamke (Swami) is a renowned scholar in philosophy. He has been teaching philosophy since the last twenty years ago. He is for the present the Head, Department of Philosophy, al S. B. Z. College, Barsi, and Chairman, Board of studies in Philosophy and a member of Academic Council at Shivaji University, Kolhapur. (Maharashtra) He has a number of books at his credit, and has contributed a number of articles to international and meritorious Journals. * Basaveshwarism in my view,' and Jainism and its Contributions' both a research work, would be published soon. Price Rs. 60-00