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I14
CHAPTER THREE
of ten thousand yojanas, sixteen thousand yojanas high. In addition to that, at the time of the tides there is a decrease and increase up to two gavyūtas. In it (the ocean) in the directions, east, etc., there are four Pātālavessels, named Vadavāmukha, Keyūpa, Yūpaka, īśvara, respectively, beginning with the east. They are one hundred thousand yojanas high; have walls of diamond one thousand yojanas thick; are ten thousand yojanas wide at top and bottom; have water in the third part supported by wind; and resemble large clay waterjars. In them live the gods Kāla, Mahākāla, Velamba, and Prabhañjana, respectively, in pleasure-houses. Here there are others--one thousand yojanas high, with walls ten yojanas thick, one hundred yojanas wide at the bottom and at the mouth 247_seven thousand eight hundred and eighty-four small Pätāla-vessels, with waters mixed in the middle part and raised by the wind. There are always forty-two thousand Nāgakumāras, inner wave-controllers (velādhārin), like ministers in this ocean. There are seventy-two thousand outer wave-controllers, and also sixty thousand guardians of the crest-waves.
Gostūpa, Udakābhāsa, Sankha, Udakasimaka, made of gold, anka, silver, and crystal are the mountains of the Indras of the Velādhārins. They are abodes of the gods
whereas the depth of the ocean on the two sides of the crest gradually increases from the shore. The crest is 1,000 deep, 10,000 wide, and 16,000 high. The height of the water gradually increases from the surface of the earth up to the 16,000 of the crest, according to some sources; or, according to others, it increases only 700 yojanas. In this case, of course, the crest would rise very abruptly, and the Pravac. compares it with a nagaraprākāra. As the crest has a uniform depth of 1,000 and height of 16,000 throughout its width of 10,000 yojanas, the kramavistỉtau of the ed. seems incorrect. Sama', as the least radical emendation, could refer to the levelness of the crest in contrast with the increasing height and depth of the rest of the ocean. See K., pp. 242 ff., and Pravac. 1388, p. 405.
247 627. Both the larger and smaller vessels have a diameter in the middle equal to the height. K., p. 243.
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