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92 : Śramaņa, Vol 57, No. 2/April-June 2006
1
ment has four kinds :
Monarchy ii) Dictatorship iii) Aristocracy iv) Democracy
i) Monarchy - In monarchy the king or queen is treated as the head of state. The king or queen plays the main role in state. Either king or queen possesses all powers utilized in the state. Bryce has defined monarchy in the following words.
"By monarchy, I understand thing, not the name i.e. not any state the head of which is called king or emperor but one in which the personal will of the monarch is constantly effective and in the last rescort predominant factor in government”3
ii) Dictatorship - The dictatorship has been originated from the word 'Dictator'. The dictator means that one who dictates or order i.e. the head of the state. In the government under dictatorship following characteristics are found.
a) Ruling is possessed by a particular person or group of
persons
b) No place for opposition c). Strict centralization d) No freedom of press e) Strict rule based on fear and pressure
iii) Aristocracy - In the Aristocracy the power lies in the hands of a particular class which is treated as the super class of society. The aristocrats are considered superior to other persons by birth, intellect, property, religion and military power. So Mill has declared :
“The government which have been remarkable in history for sustained mental ability and vigor in the conduct of affairs have
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