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96 : Śramaņa, Vol 57, No. 2/April-June 2006
(a) Respect for state - Fascism respects the dignity of state. According to Fascism, individual does not matter in the state. Everything in the state is for state. The state is not for the individual but the individual is for the state. The state is the end while the individual is means to it. Individual is not free, in the state. If he is free, he is free only to that extent to which he has been allowed by the state. Simply necessary freedom is provided to individual otherwise all extra freedoms are abolished.
(b) Faith in Monarchism, Violence and Power - It is the right of state that it may extend its territory according to its needs. It may attack on other nations for its own benefit. It does not believe in showing any problem through peaceful process. It likes war. So Mussolini has said. “Fascism is from war and in war it must find its outlet”.
(iii) Corporativism - In its beginning Fascism was in favour of syndicalism but after 1926 it came to believe in corporativism. It declared the necessity of the corporations represented by both labour orginsation and the organisation of factory owners in all branches of the production. Though the corporations used to manage the total productions of the country, they were under the control of state.
(iv) Organic Theory - According to Fascism the system of state is an organic. As the body of a person has different organs like hand, legs, eyes, nose, etc. in the same way state is an organized form of different individuals living in it. But it has its own importance. As, for the safety of body its diseased and wounded part is removed, individual may be neglected for the betterment of state. An individual does not have his own separate existence as a part of the state. The Negative Characteristics of Fascism -
There are five negative characteristics of Fascism.
i) Negation of Democracy - According to Fascism, in the government of democracy some middle class literate persons are
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