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Introduction
63
ndra has taken quotations from P.-prakāśa with certain improvements; and that he might have analysed our text and incorporated sufficient material from this work is borne out by many common points noted in the above paragraphs. Even after ignoring minor variations of vowels and individual forms not recorded by Hema., there remains a substantial residue of fundamental differences between the Apabhramśa of P.-prakāśa and that of Hema.'s
grammar despite the majority of common points noted above. The Sauraseni basis of Hemacandra's Apabh. explicitly stated and further confirmed by the softening of consonants in his illustration is almost completely unknown to our text. Then the retention of , and of unassimilated r, which is required by some of the rules of Hema. and which is illustrated by some of his quotations, is unknown to our text. There are some other aspects of Hema.'s Apabh. not found in this text: dropping of the Gen. termination and the Gen, termination -ho; most of the Abl. terminations noted by Hema; absolutive forms in + i, + iü + ēppi; majority of the tadarthya-nipātas; the form sahu for Sarva; many of the equivalents of iva; etc.
Additional Tract of Literature Used for his Grammar-The above points clearly indicate that Hema. drew his material from many other works whose Apabhranía differed in certain respects from that of P.-prakasa. There is no evidence to say that the conjuncts with r, preservation of g Sauraseni basis and other dialectal features of P.-prakasa have been modified. The Mss. studied do not warrant any conclusion or conjecture like this. From the comparatively small number of Hema.'s quotations which have Sauraseni characteristics and which retain r, as against the features of this text, it appears that many of the works used by Hema. represented the Apabh. similar to that of P.-prakása; and a few works he might have used which retained conjuncts with r. Words like dhõla, some common verses, the retention of r in a conjunct group in early Rājasthāni poems might indicate that Hema. has drawn some of his illustrations from what might be called Rājasthāni Apabhraíśa, the predecessor of Old Rājasthāni
Apabhramsa with Unassimilated r-Undoubtedly there was a type of Apabhramśa which allowed unassimilated r. The number of words retaining 1 On iv 352 Hema. gives a quotation which runs thus :
वायसु रडावंतियए पिउ दिट्ठउ सहस त्ति ।
अद्धा वलय महिहि गय अद्ध फुट्ट तड त्ति ।। This quotation of Hema. has not only the common idea but also some common words with the following verse in present-day Rajasthant;
काग उडावणधण खडी आया पीव भडक्क ।
आधी चडी काग-गळ आधी गई तडक्क ॥ Either these two verses indicate a common source, or the old Apabh. verse gradually drifted to his form passing through dialectal changes (see Dhola Marūra Dahā p 476)
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