________________
Paramatma-prakafa
list of works attributed to Joindu is not quite authentic; and at present P.-prakasa and Yogasära are the only two works of Jolndu.
74
c) On the Date of Joindu
Nature of the Evidences and the Later Limit-From the two works of Joindu we get no clue that might shed some light on his age. So the only alternative left before us is to take a survey of the references to and quotations, etc.. from the works of Jotndu as found in other works. The text of P-prakata is swollen from time to time; the editions of the works, in which quotations, etc., are found, are not critical, and even if critical editions are available there is still scope for differences of opinion; and lastly, the periods assigned to these works and authors are often subject to modifications, because the studies in this branch of Indian literature are not much advanced. Thus the very nature of the material puts certain limitations to our conclusions. This attitude of scepticism, though critically justified, should not forbid us from collecting the various pieces of evidence that might be of use, in the long run, to settle the age of Jo1ndu more definitely. Let us try to ascertain the later limit for the period of Joindu in the light of the following evidences:
1) Śrutasagara, who flourished about the beginning of the 16th century A.D., quotes six verses from P-prakala (I. 78, 117, 121, II. 46*1, 61 and 117) two of which are explicitly attributed to Yogindra.1
ii) We have the Kannada commentary of Maladhäre Balacandra and the Sanskrit commentary of Brahmadeva on P.-prakata, and we have assigned them to c. 14th and 13th century A.D. respectively.2
iii) Jayasena who has written Sk. commentaries on Pañcastikāya, Pravacanasara and Samayasara of Kundakunda is sufficiently acquainted with Joindu and his two works. In his commentary on Samayasara he mentions P.-prakasa by name and quotes a verse (I. 68) explicitly attributing it to Yogindra. In his commentary on Pañcastikaya he quotes a verse which is the same as No. 56 of Yagasara. Jayasena belonged c. to the second half of the 12th century A. D.
iv) It is seen above that Hemacandra is acquainted with P.-prakāta: he has drawn some material from it; and in fact he quotes a few verses from this work with some changes here and there to illustrate his rules of Apabhramsa grammar Hemacandra was born in A.D. 1089 and died in 1173 A.D. "It is not an unusual phenomenon in the history of any language. that extensive grammars come to be composed only after a particular.
1 Satprabhṛtādi-sang raha, pp. 39, 297, 234, 315, 325, 332.
2 See section III below.
3
See p. 46 above.
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
