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96
MOKSHA MARG PRAKASHAK
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enjoying them. But the desire is excessively more; therefore, they do not become happy. The higher class of Devas possess the rise of highest degree of punya (auspicious karmas) and the passion is extremely feeble, nevertheless the absence of desire is not found in them also; therefore, in spiritual sense, they are assuredly unhapply.
In this way, everywhere in the world only miseries and miseries are found. Here ends the description of miseries from the modifications (Paryayas) point of view.
General Characteristics of Miseries Now, the general characterstics of all sorts of miseries are being discribed. The differentia of misery is perturbedness and the perturbedness is caused by desire. Four kinds of desires
Many kinds of desires are found in this mundane being :
(1) One type of desire is of enjoying the objects of senses, due to which one wants to know and see; for example, the desire of seeing colour, listening to melody, knowing the unknown, etc. arises. No other pain is there but so long as one does not know and see, he feels extremely perturbed. This type of desire is called Carnal Desire (Vishaya Ichchha).
(2) The Second type of desire is of acting according to one's passional emotions, due to which one wants to indulge in actions like that of harming others, humiliating others, etc. Here, no other pain is there but so long as that work is not completed he remains highly perturbed. This type of desire is called Passional desire (KashayaIchchha).
(3) The third type of desire is of removing those harmful causes which are met with either in the body or are external to the body owing to the rise of papa-karmas; for example, on association of disease, ache, hunger, etc., the desire of removing these arises; so, here one believes this only as to be the anguish. So long as it is not removed he remains highly perturbed. This type of desire is called the rise of Vice (Papa).
In this way, all Jivas feel unhappy on the rise of these three types of desires. This is assuredly misery.
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