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180
MOKSHA MARG PRAKASHAK
Dravyas are stated to be of nine kinds:- 1. Prithvi (earth), 2. Jal (water), 3. Agni (fire), 4. Vayu (air), 5. Akash (space), 6. Kal (time), 7. Disha (direction), 8. Atma (soul) and 9. Man (mind).
There the atoms of the earth, water, fire and air are separateseparate; those atoms are eternal, from them Prithvi (earth) etc. are formed which are unstable. But this is contrary to actual experience and knowledge. The fuel-form atoms of the earth, etc. are seen converting into fire-form and the fire-form atoms are seen converting into ash-form of earth. The atoms of water are seen converting into the pearl-form of earth. Again you will say that those atoms disappear and some different atoms only turn into those forms. By saying so, you are clearly falsifying what is clearly evident. Ifyou are able to put up some very strong logic then we may consider it; but simply stating so it is not proved. Therefore, it is clear that all atoms belong to the one Pudgal (matter) form of material class which modifies into various forms like earth, etc. conditions.
And at some places they (thevaisheshikas) state that the Prithvi (earth) etc. possess separate body, but that is false only, because it has no proof. Moreover, the earth, etc. are the mass of atoms; this is not possible that their body be elsewhere and these be elsewhere; hence, this too is false. And where no substance gets obstructed such a hollowness they term as to be the Akash (space). They describe the moment, an instant, etc. as to be the Kal (time). But both of these are non-entities because these are not the substantive objects. They imagin these objects for the sake of considering from various angles - the area, modification, etc. of substances. And (according to them) there is no substance like direction (disha), they believe directions as substance simply by imagining the divisions in the space. And soul is described in two ways. So this has been discussed earlier. And the Man(mind) is not any separate substance. The psychic mind (Bhavaman)is of knowing form so it is the nature of the soul and the physical or material-mind (Dravya-man)is a mass of atoms (mental-vargands) which is the part of the body. Thus, these substances are imaginary.
Further, they discribe twenty-four types of qualities (Gunas) : Sparsh (touch),Rasa (taste), Gandha(smell), Varna (colour),Shabda (words or sound), Sankhya (number), Vibhaga (division), Sanyoga (union), Parinaama (consequence), Prithakatva (separateness),
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