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||15,17 Tabak 2006 1. Atikrama: It is the mental resolution to violate any violate any vrata or vow. Here
the vow is neither broken nor violated. But mentally it has been resolved to do an
activity, which will result in violation, is also known as transgression. 2. Vyatikrama: the process of collection of articles and requisites for an action,
which will result in violation, is called as vyatikrama. It is a step ahead of atikrma,
and here the process of collection takes place with an objective to break the vow. 3. Aticāra: It means partial violation of a vow already taken. 4. Anācāra: the complete violation and lapses of vow. The first three lapses are
reviewed by self-analysis in Pratikramana and repented so that they are not repeated in futre. Bu the fourth and the last flaw being complete violation and the only remedy is Prāyaścitta i.e. expiation.
There are six chapters. in Pratikramana sūtra. They are, Sāmāyika, Caturvimśatistava, Vandanā, Pratikramana, Kāyotsarga, and Pratyākhyāna. In Pratikramana ninety-nine types of aticāras are explained. The aspirant reflects on the possible transgressions through self-analysis and repents for them. He also does introspection, which is essential for equanimity and right conduct. The ninety-nine types of transgressions are as follows: fourteen related to right knowledge, five related to right faith, sixty related to twelve vows of sravaka, fifteen related to karmā dānas, and five with respect to samlelkhanā. Significance
Lord Mahavira in the Uttarādhyayana sutra has explained that expiation of sins is the benefit of Pratikramana. It is explained that by pratikramana the sins are expiated and he obviates transgression of vows, thereby he stops influx, preserves a pure conduct, practises eight exercises i.e. pravacana mātās does not neglect the practice of control and pays great attention to it.
Thus, there are three great benefits of pratikramana. There are eight spiritual exercises that prepare a monk for advanced meditaional states. They consist of five samitis (or vigilence) and three guptis (restraints). These eight are known as pravacanamatas. They are practised and kept under check by Pratikramana. As explained earlier there are five great vows for sadhus or monks and twelve vows for sravakas. In these vows there may take place some transgressions due to negligence. These transgressions are compared to holes in a boat that may allow the water to enter inside and the boat may sink. Similarly the soul may be subject to influx of karmic particles by partial violation of vratas. Repentance and self-analysis by Pratikramana removes these transgressions. The next benefit is that influx is checked and pure conduct is acquired. The major five gates due to which influx of
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