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Historical and Cultural Background
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narrated in the Vividhatirthakalpa, the Kokāvasati number of temples built by him exceeds those was erected during this period. 108 This glorious ascribed to Jayasimha. He built Tribhuvanavihära period is represented by four extant, fine Jaina and Trivihāra at Anahilapāțaka 200 and Kumāratemples also, viz, the temples of Pārsvanātha and vihāras at Tārangā, Anahilapāțaka, Idar, Abā, Neminātha at Kumbharia, the Neminātha temple Thārāpadra, Lādola, Karkarāpuri, Jalor, Kham. at Girnar and the Jaina temple at Sejakpur. bhāta, Mandala, Dhandhukā, Sacružjaya, Pālitānā,
Jayasimha had no son, and hence was succeeded Dvipa, Prabhāsapattana and Mangalapura 201 Of by Kumārapala (circa 1143-1172 A. D.), the great these the one at Taranga alone is preserved now. grandson of Bhima's son Kşemarāja. Immediately His ministers also built shrines dedicated to Tirtafter his accession he had to fight with Cāhamāna hankaras. Minister Pythvipäla added mandapas to Arnorāja of Sakambhari, who received a severe the Adinatha temple at Abu and the Mahavira wound in the battle and concluded treaty by givi- temple at Candrāvati,202 He also built the Santiing his daughter in marriage to Kumärapāla. He nātha temple at Sayaņavādapura. 203 Minister then turned his attention towards Paramāra Vikra. Amrabhata replaced the old Sakunikāvihāra at masimha of Abu, who had contrived a treacherous Broach by a magnificent new temple.204 Minister plan to kill him while he was marching against Vägbhata replaced the old shrine of Adinātha at Arnorāja. Vikramasimha was taken prisoner and Shatrunjaya by a grand new temple, 205 the wall of his nephew Yasodhavala was enthroned at Abu which may still be seen. At the foot of the Shatrunsome time before 1145 A. D. Accompanied by jaya hill he founded the town of Vägbhatapura and Yasodhavala he then invaded Malwa, killed its built there Tribhuvanavihāra dedicated to Pārsvaruler Ballala, and annexed Malwa to the Caulukya nätha.206 Some time before 1158 A. D. the temple empire about 1150-51 A. D. Probably at this time of Santinätha was built at Anahilapätaka, 207 the Saurashtra chief Sumvara revolted, and mini- Siddhapāla, son of Sripala, built Siddhapālavasati ster Udayana lost his life in an attempt to put him at Anahilapāțaka,208 During this period was also down. He then sent another contingent to Saura. erected a temple to Parivanatha at Palanpur. 200 shtra and brought the rebellion under control. In The temple now going by the name of Jagadu at the last campaign he received substantial help from Bhadreshwar, the devakulikäs of the present NemiAlhanadeva of Nádola. Paramära Somesvara of nātha temple at Girnar, and probably the BāvanaBhinmal continued to rule his territory as a vassal. dhvaja Jinalaya at Sarotra, now gone, were also Some time between 1160 and 1162 A. D. Kumāra- built in the reign of Kumārapāla. Of the extant pāla dispatched his minister Ambada with a strong Jaina temples of the time of kumärapāla, the contingent against Mallikarjuna of Konkana, who Ajitanātha temple at Taranga built by Kumarapāla was killed and whose kingdom was included in the himself and the rarigamandapa of the Vimalayasahi at realm of Gujarat. Another king defeated by him Abu built by his minister Pţthvipāla are fine pieces was the Kalacuri Gayakarna of Dahala. Victorious of Indian architecture. in all directions Kumärapäla suffered a reverse and Kumārapāla was succeeded by his son (or neplost Chitor to the Cahamānas, as his Samanta placed hew) Ajayapāla (circa 1172-1175 A. D.). He contiin control of the Chitor fort was defeated by Vigra- nued his sway over Malwa. He defeated Cahamāna harāja IV, son of Arņorāja. However, the relations Somesvara of Sākambhari and exacted tribute from between the Cahamänas and the Caulukyas returned him. The Guhilot king Sämantasimha of Medapāta to normal when Somesvara ascended the Sākam- claims to have defeated a Gurjara king, who is bhari throne some time before 1170 A. D. Kumāra- identified with Ajayapāla, but the latter did not pāla ruled over an extensive empire stretching from suffer any territorial loss.210 No Jaina temple is Chitor in the north to Tapti in the south, and Bhilsa known to have been erected during the reign of in the east to Saurashtra and Kutch in the west. 199 Ajayapāla, because he was an anti-Jaina and des
Kumärapāla is regarded to be the greatest king troyed many Jaina temples. 211 that ever ascended the throne of Gujarat. As a Ajayapāla was stabbed to death by Pratihara builder he even surpassed his predecessor, for the Vaijaladeva, and was succeeded by his young son
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