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face and a band of foliate scrolls on the two narrow undersides.
Jaina Temples of Western India
Devakulika 22A-Square on plan it is a samaksipta ceiling of the nabhicchanda order. The square flat surface represents sixteen flat but deeply cut
lūmās in four lines of four each. Each luma consists of a quatrefoil kola and a circular plaque of reverse gajatālu. All the lamās are disposed diagonally. Between the limas are inserted circular kolas. The ceiling is raised up by a frame of four rectangular slabs which project out on all sides into the space of the ceiling. The inner face of the frame is decorated with ardhapadma pattern, while its underside depicts a depressed lumā at each corner and a row of campaka flowers with kirttimukhas in between them on each side. Each of the corner lūmās consists of a quatrefoil and a circular kola.
22B-It is modern.
Devakulikäs 32-34A-It is a domical ceiling built on a rectangular plan, but its space is reduced to a square by a framework of four rectangular slabs placed over the architraves. The inner face of the frame is adorned with ardhapadma pattern, while its underside on two sides shows a band of foliate scrolls and a band of diamonds and beads. The ceiling proper is composed of four
erections.
The devakulikās from 23 to 29 are also modern courses and a circular ceilings slab. The first course is octagonal and the rest are circular. The inner face of the first course is carved with a strip of diamonds, while its underside at each corner depicts a kiritimukha in an arch of creepers issuing from its mouth. The second course is decorated with a band of kirttimukhas. The third and fourth consist of padmas, each decorated with lotus petal-and-bud ornament. The ceiling slab represents two concentric circular bands of sixteen-foil and eight-foil kolas and a lotus bud put in the centre.
Devakulika 30A-Square on plan it consists of two square courses. The first consists of a square frame treated as karṇadardarika. The second is samatala. Its square flat surface displays, in a border of diamonds and beads, sixteen campaka flowers disposed in four lines of four each. Between the flowers are concave-sided carved diamonds. The mid-dividing lines are adorned with diamonds and beads. The ceiling is raised up by a frame of four rectangular slabs, which project out on all sides into the space of the ceiling. The inner face of the frame is carved with ardhapadma device, while its underside is decorated with lotus petals.
30B-Square on plan it is samatala. Its square flat surface depicts sixty-four campaka flowers in eight lines of eight each, The ceiling is raised up by a frame of four rectangular slabs carved with ardhapadma pattern.
Devakulika 31-Square on plan it is samatala. The square flat surface displays a quadrate type of Cross, with flat bars across the ends of the arms and corners formed at the junctions of the arms. Each of the four arms of the Cross is filled with a flat but deeply cut luma consisting of a quatrefoil kola and a reverse gajatālu in the shape of circular
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plaque. The square central space of the Cross is occupied by a large a consisting of an eight-foil kola and a circular plaque of reverse gajatālu; the corners of the square are occupied by circular kolas. Outside the Cross at each corner is also noticed a luma of the similar type as is found in the centre of the Cross. At the end of the corners of the ceiling are seen quadrants of circular kolas. The ceiling is raised up by a padma-course carved with
lotus petals.
33B-This ceiling is located in front of Devakulika 33. Rectangular on plan it is samatala, but its space is reduced to a square by two successive courses of four rectangular slabs each. This is done by placing the slabs of the shorter sides across the longer sides. The inner face of the first course is decorated with a band of kirttimukhas, while its underside on two sides is plain. The inner face of the second course is decorated with ardhapadma pattern, while its underside on two sides depicts a band of foliate scrolls. The squars flat surface of the ceiling is divided into nine compartments, namely four in the four corners, four in the four cardinal points, and one in the centre. Each of the corner compartments represents, in a border of diamonds and beads, a stylised full-blown lotus flower comprising two rows of petals. The corners of these square compartments are filled with
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