Jaina Epistemology

Author(s): Indra Chandra Shastri
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 38

History and Sources
1.3
bara tradition Dşstivāda, the twelfth Anga; which has the Pūrvas as its one part, is lost entirely. On the other hand the Digambara tradition, though maintains all the Argas as lost; yet, the above mentioned three Siddhāntas are accepted as fragments of the Pūrva literature, Thus, in a way they supplement each other.
AGAMIC LITERATURE ON THE THEORY
OF KNOWLEDGE Original Āgamas
The first half of the Acārāngasūtra is accepted as the oldest portion of the extant Jaina literature. It contains a significant remark expressing identity between the cognizer and the cognition. Vivāhapannattia and Thānārgas clearly express the five types of knowledge with its divisions and other points related to the problem. Uttarādhyayanat enumerates the five types in its 28th Chapter. In Pannavaņās there are two full chapters dealiog with the subject. Its Paśyatta-Pada has no parallel any where else in the Jaina literature. Anuyoga-dvāra? by Ärya Raksita (100 B. C.) starts with the five types of Āgama-school; but, later on elaborately discusses the logical conceptions. Nandi (400 A. D.) is fully devoted to the theory of knowledge.
Amongst the Digambara Āgamas all the three works of Satkhandāgama, Kaşāya Prābbộta and Mahābandha provide a valuable information in this respect. 1. Acārānga I 5.5.5 2. Bhagavait VIII, 2.17-103 3. Sthānanga 463 4. Uttarādhyayana XXVIII 5-6 5. Pannavanā pada p. 30 6. Ibid., 29 7. Anuyogadvāra 1 8. Ibid., 144.