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CHAPTER I-TERMINOLOGY.
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diminished by zero. Multiplication and other operations in relation to zero (give rise to) zero; and in the operation of addition, the zero becomes the same as what is added to it.
50. In multiplying as well as dividing two negative (or) two positive (quantities, one by the other), the result is a positivo (quantity). But it is a nogative quantity in relation to two (quantities), one (of which is) positive and the other negative. In adding a positive and a negative (quantity, the result) is (their) difference.
51. The adition of two negative (quantities or) of two positive (quantities gives rise to) a negative or positive (quantity) in order. A positive (quantity) which has to be subtracted from a (given) number becomes negative, and a negative (quantity) which has to be (so) subtracted becomes positive.
52. The square of a positive as well as of a negative (quantity) is positive; and the square roots of those (square quantities) are positive and negative in order. As in the nature of things a negative (quantity) is not a square (quantity), it has therefore no square root.
53-62. [The stanzas give cortain names of certain things, which names are frequently used to denote figures and numbers in arithmetical notation. They are not therefore translated here; but the reader is referred to the appendix wherein an alphabetical list of such of these names as occur in this work is given with their ordinary and numerical meanings.]
The names of Notational Places.
63. The first place is what is known as ēka (unit); the second place is named dasa (ten); the third they call as sata (hundred), while the fourth is sahasra (thousand).
64. The fifth is daka-sahasra (ten-thousand) and the sixth is no other than laksa (lakh). The seventh is dasa-lakya (ten-lakh) and the eighth is said to be koti (crore).
