Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 102

80
Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies
is of two types. In one variety it consists of two khurāsa kāņti. The śikhara is curvilinear and is crowned above with känti (recess) between, and in the other it has its beki by an amalaka and kalasa. The sanctum has khurā, pațā and känti. The sikhara in both the triratha a corbelled doorway and two ceilings, the garbhamuda and pañcaratha form is curvilinear with or without its put up immediately above the garbhagrha (sanctum) division into bhūmi-āmalakas. The curvature of the and the ratnamuda acting as a lid on the sikhara to śikhara, in some instances, is not emphatic in the lower support the crowning members. The enshrined image part, it rather rises almost perpendicularly with a in each shrine is missing. From the presence of many pronounced curve at the top. The mastaka above the pillars at the site it seems that there was a pillared flattened vedi (platform) shows beki (neck), a large mandapa in front of the sanctum. āmalaka and kalasa, the last one as well as the emblem The third stone temple faces east and is identical of the enshrined image in each shrine having disappeared on plan and elevation to the preceding stone temples, The sanctum is entered through a corbelled triangular but it is comparatively more dilapidated. passageway, occasionally lodged over by a sukanäsa The sanctum of the brick temple is pañcaratha on crowned by a lion figure.
plan and has a tryanga-bada surmounted by curvilinear The interior of the sanctum contains two ceilings - śikhara. The bāda has a moulded pābhāga, plain jarghā garbhamuda and ratnamuda. The garbhamuda is the and a two-coursed varanda with a recess between. The lowermost ceiling of the sanctuary, while the ratnamuda śikhara rises almost in a straight line and has a pronounced is the topmost ceiling supporting the crowning members curve towards the top. The crowning members of the of the Sikhara. Inside the sanctum is installed a Jina śikhara have gone. The temple is entered through a image which in most cases is missing.
corbelled doorway and faces east. There is no object of With this preliminary note we now proceed to worship inside. The bricks are all set in mud; the exterior describe the Jaina temples merely of the following sites and interior are plastered and plain. since they have some remains of the Jaina temples The stone temples were probably built in the 10h intact at the site.
century A.D., while the brick temple was built somewhat PAKBIRA
later, probably in the 11th century A.D. Pakbira, a small village in the Purulia district, has DEULIYA many Jaina temples and sculptures, but they are all very At Deuliya in Burdwan district is a deserted Jaina mutilated, some being merely a heap of mound. They temple made of bricks and plastered with stucco. Its were already in ruinous condition when Beglar saw sanctum, which alone has survived, is pañcaratha on them in 1872-73. At present, three stone temples and plan and shows a pancanga-bāda (five-divisioned wall) a large brick temple alone have survived
of pābhāga (now embedded in the earth), talajanghā, Of the three stone temples the two facing north narrow båndhana, uparajangha and varanda, all having are triratha on plan and elevation. Their pābhāga consists been left plain. The varanda is of special interest here of khurā, kumbha, two khurās clasped face to face, and as it consists of a series of oversailing square courses khurā (see J.D. Beglar, Archaeological Survey of India instead of the usual moulded courses, making thus a Report, vol. VIII, pl. xv). The janghā with faceted deep wide recess between the wall and the sikhara. The rathas is plain, but each of the central rathas has an ponderous sikhara is divided into several stages of emptied niche treated like miniature shrine. There is bhūmi-amalakas and bears an enrichment of scroll and a faceted and segmented pilaster between the central caitya-gavākṣa pattern. The crowning members of the and corner rathas. The varanda consists of a khurā and śikhara have tumbled down. The temple has a triangular
Jain Education Intemational