Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 344

322
Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies
examples at the site, two on the mukhamandapa and sword, fruit and shield. However, the Mantrādhirājakalpa the gudhamandapa walls of the main temple and the (3.8) visualises her as seated on a red lotus. remaining ones on the devakulikäs. The goddess is Kāli, the seventh Mahavidya, is represented by six always shown four-armed and rides a garuda represented examples, one on the mukhacatuṣki of the main temple in human form. Barring two examples, where she stands and the remaining ones on the devakulikās. The goddess in tribhanga, she is always seated in lalitāsana. The is invariably represented two-armed and is shown seated goddess, in conformity with the Svetämbara tradition, on a lotus. The figure on the main temple holds mace usually holds discs (sometimes shown as ring) in all in the left hand while the right is resting on thigh. The of her four hands. However, Apraticakrā in the set of devakulikā figures, however, carry mace in the right sixteen Mahavidyas at the sāntinātha temple, Kumbharia, and abhayākṣa (or abhaya-mudrā or fruit) in the left, bears the varada, two discs (in two upper hands) and sometimes the attributes being juxtaposed. The conch. In two instances at Osian also, carved on the Caturvinnsatikā (16.64) conceives Kali with two arms, devakulika Nos. 2 and 4, the disc in lower left hand sitting on a lotus and holding mace and rosary. The is replaced by a conch. In a solitary instance, on the later Svetämbara texts, however, see her as having four devakulikā No. 4, the goddess shows the varadākṣa and arms, seated on lotus and bearing mace, rosary, vajra water-vessel in the lower right and left hands, while and the abhaya-mudrā. The sculptural representations the upper ones carry discs. Still in one other instance, of Kāli at different Svetämbara sites reveal that her on the doorway of devakulikā No. 4, the goddess holds attributes could never be standardised. Kāli at the the varada-mudra, mace, indistinct object and conch. Śäntinātha temple, Kumbharia, is provided with The inclusion of mace and conch in addition to the varadakşa, noose, khatvänga, and fruit, while at the usual disc and the garuda as vāhana, not envisaged by Vimalavasahi she is given mace, long spiral lotus, the texts, is reminiscent of Brahmanical Vaisnavī manuscript and the abhaya-mudra. The devakulika figures (Cakreśvari, carved on the Temple No. 12 at Deogadh at Osian, when compared to the figure of Kāli in the as the Yakși of Rşabhanātha, accompanied by garuda, main temple, show that there was no advancement in shows discs in all her four hands which suggests the her iconography at the site. However, the influence of the Mahāvidyā Apraticakra at Osian). Mantrādhirajakalpa (3.7) mentions trident and the varada
The sixth Mahavidyā Puruşadatta or Naradattā, is mudra in place of vajra and the abhaya, which remind represented by seven figures on the devakulikäs. She us of her association with Brahmanical Kāli or Sivā. is always shown two-armed with a sole exception, The trident undoubtedly is reminiscent of her Saiva carved on the vedibandha of the south wall of devakulikā character. No. 4, showing her with four arms. The two-armed Mahäkäli, the eighth Mahāvidyä, is represented by goddess, invariably riding a buffalo - her traditional nine figures, one on the mukhamandapa of the main mount - holds sword and shield in right and left hands. temple and the remaining on the devakulikās. Mahākāli, Sometimes, sword has been replaced by śüla or cup. always four-armed, rides a man and holds the attributes The four-armed goddess, however, bears the varada- as prescribed by the Svetāmbara works, which invariably mudrā, shield, and water-vessel in her surviving hands. see the goddess with nara as vähana and holding a It is rather surprising to find the figures of four armed rosary, vajra, ghantā and fruit. The figure on the main goddess playing truant, regardless of the textual temple holds vajra, small sword and ghantă in three prescriptions which invariably conceive Puruşadatta with surviving hands, whereas those on the devakulikās bear four arms and holding the varada or abhaya-mudră, the abhaya or varada-mudrā, vajra (or ghantā), ghantā
Jain Education Intermational
Jain Education Intemational