Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 357

Other Jaina Gods and Goddesses
335
shown from 8th century A.D. The Svetāmbara temples Thus apparently the vāhanas vary only in respect of at Sadri (Pārsvanatha temple - 12th century A.D.), Kubera and Nirrti. Kumbharia (Pārsvanātha and Neminātha temples - 12th Indra : The four-armed Indra in Svetämbara and century A.D.), Taranga (Ajitanātha temple - 12th century Digambara traditions is shown with goad and thunderbolt A.D., - three sets of the Dikpāla figures), Vimalavasahi as his main attributes. In addition to above, he is also (12th century A.D. -5 sets - one example in the provided with lotus or mace. bhramaņikā ceiling of devakulika - 43, shows six-armed Agni : Agni with jatāmukuta, long beard, Dikpāla figures), Adinātha Temple at Satruñjaya, moustaches and emanating flames (forming halo) is Vāstupāla Vihāra at Girnar, Lūņavasahi and provided with sruk and manuscript as chief attributes. Kharataravasahi (Caumukha or Pärsvanatha temple-two At some places, he also exhibits the varada-cum-rosary, sets) and the Digambara temples at Khajuraho lotus and even trident and pot with flames (jvālä-pätra (Pārsvanātha and Adinātha temples - 10h-11h century - Kharataravasahī). A.D., three sets) are the main temples whereat the Yama : Yama with short beard, moustaches and figures of the Dikpalas are carved. Compared to the terrific appearance holds khatvānga, lotus and manuscript north India, their representation in south Indian Jaina (or even snake at Digambara Jaina sites). In case of temples is known mainly from the Hoysala temples at six-armed figure of Vimalavasahi, he bears pen (lekhani), Arsikeri and Lakkundi. One interesting set of Astadikpālas noose, staff, kukkuta (cock) and manuscript in his are carved in the ceiling of Panchakūta Jaina temple surviving hands. However, the figure from of Kambada- halli (Karnataka - Pl. 235). The 10th century Kharataravasahi shows sword, khatvānga (with snake) figures are carved in the ceiling with figure of Neminātha and kukkuta in three hands while the fourth hand as carved in the centre. The Dikpālas are sitting with their usual is in alingana-pose. Saktis on their respective vähanas.
Nirrti : Nirrti as against the textual injunctions A brief study of the Dikpāla figures at Vimalavasahi, is mostly represented both at the Svetāmbara and Kharataravasahi and Khajuraho would help us in Digambara Jaina sites as nude (nirvastra). (However, understanding their iconography on the basis of their in some examples from Svetāmbara Jaina sites he is actual representations.
also shown clad in dhoti). Nirrti with snake ornaments The four-armed Dikpālas in case of Kharataravasahi in hands and neck (sarpa-mukuta at Neminātha temple, have their one hand in the ālingana-pose (embracing Kumbharia) is dreadful in appearance and is mostly their respective Saktis) while in other instances, the accompanied by a dog as conveyance in figural four-armed Dikpālas usually show in their lower right depictions. In Digambara examples, he carries a sword, and left hands the varada (or abhaya)-mudra and fruit lotus, snake and siras (human head), while the (or water-vessel). The respective vahanas of the ten śvetāmbara examples depict him with mace, sword, Dikpālas as prescribed by the Jaina texts and also as damarü and shield. However, the Svetämbara texts found in the sculptures are as follows : an elephant conceive Nirrti as wearing tiger-skin and riding a preta for Indra, ram for Agni, buffalo for Yama, dog (or (corpse) and holding sword and mudgara (Nirvanakalika corpse or goblin or bear) for Nirrti, makara (or fish- and Acăradinakara). Acäradinakara) for Varuna, deer for Väyu, man (nara Varuņa : Varuņa in both the traditions is shown or Puspaka chariot-mentioned in Rāmāyaṇa or Navanidhi- with noose (or a manuscript), spiral-lotus and waterpitha or ghata or jewell pot or elephant) for Kubera, vessel (or jewels-pot). bull for Iśāna, swan for Brahma and lotus for Ananta. Vāyu : Vāyu at both the Svetāmbara and
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