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with a waterlake. However, the illustrations show the monk preaching and at the lower register is water lake showing lotus flowers and hamsas swimming around it.
Chapter thirty-one 'Rules of Conduct' lists rules for monks. The illustrations representing the subject show monks seated and eating food from the bowls, monks receiving alms, a monk preaching another monk, monk in meditation or practising self control etc.
The chapter thirty-two 'The Causes of Carelessness' deals with Mahavira preaching on the fault of carelessness (pramada), which leads monks to pious observances. The paintings show monks preaching, sleeping, attacking to each-other etc. Possibly, these are meant to illustrate the carelessness (pramāda). The paintings also show a lake, animals and birds.
Uttaradhyayanasütra
The thirty-third chapter "The Nature of Karma' explains the eight divisions of karma :
Jñanavaraṇīya- acts leading to obstruction of right knowledge,
right faith,
Vedaniya- acts leading to experience of pain or
pleasure,
The illustrations show Mahāvīra preaching to a monk, kinds of beings namely hell denizens, animals Darsanavaraṇīya- acts leading to obstruction of and gods, human being and animal kingdom.
REFERENCES
Mohaniya- acts leading to delusion, Ayuşka acts determining the length of life, Nama- determining name or individuality, Gotra- acts determining the family of gotra, Antaraya- acts preventing entry upon path of salvation with their sub-divisions. The illustrations show Jina preaching the monks or delivering the sermon that constitutes the discussion of karma.
W.N. Brown, Manuscript Illustrations of the Uttaradhyayana Sutra Reproduced and Described, New Haven, 1941; Moti Chandra, Jain Miniature Paintings from Western India, Ahmedabad, 1949; A. Krishna, 'A Stylistic Study of an Uttaradhyayana Sutra Ms. Dated 1591 A.D. in the Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda, Bulletin of the Museum and Picture Gallery, Baroda, 1962, No. 15, Pl. 1-12; U.P. Shah, More Documents of Jain Paintings and Gujarati Paintings of the Sixteenth and Later Centuries, Ahmedabad, 1976, L.D. Series, No. 51.
The chapter thirty-four "The Lesyas' deals with
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six lesyas. These are external appearances cast upon the soul by the individual karma. The soul is not itself affected, but the lesyas are like a shadow or a reflection. They have names, colours, tastes, smells etc. and could be distinguished by colour, and are named black, blue, grey, red, yellow and white. The first three of these are bad and the remaining three are good. The chapter characterises the various qualities of lesyas. The paintings show these lesyas through figures in different colours.
The chapter thirty-five 'The Houseless Monk' contains remarks on the necessity for complete freedom from desire to obtain absolute knowledge. In the painting Mahāvīra is shown preaching the monks, or monks engaged in conversation.
In the chapter thirty-six 'Living Creatures and Things Without Life' Mahavira deals with living beings and those without life, classifying them for the edification of the Jaina community.
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