Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 292

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Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies
worship in the Cintāmaņi Pārsvanātha temple at Radhanpur (Gujarat), was installed in Saṁvat 1528 (A.D. 1471). In Samvat 1245 (A.D. 1188), Śrīmāladevī, the wife of Thakkura Jagadeva, the son of Mahāmātya Prthvīpāla, installed a sculpture of Supārsvanātha in cell No. 29 of Vimalavasahi.
At Paladi (Sirohi, Rajasthan), in the Jaina temple, there is a standing Supārsvanātha figure (A.D. 1291). The inscription expressly says that this is an image of Supārsvanātha. The beautiful marble sculpture (without svastika) belongs to the Svetāmbara tradition and shows five snake hoods over the head of the Jina. There is a black stone sculpture of standing Supārsvanātha from Patancheru (Medak, A.P., 12th century A.D.). The sculpture with five-hooded snake canopy is now preserved in the Government Museum, Hyderabad.
The rock-cut sculpture on the southern wall of the facade of the Sittannavasal cave (Tamil Nadu) shows a Jina sitting with a canopy of five snake hoods. A very late but well-preserved image of Supārsvanatha was obtained from Tonk along with several marble images of other Jinas, all carved in the same style and without any parikara. Supārsvanātha is here identified with the help of the svastika carved on his seat. The Jina here has seven snake hoods overhead in place of usual five hoods.
CANDRAPRABHA (8th Jina) Candraprabha (known is south India as Candranatha) has candra (crescent moon) as his cognizance while the Yakşa-Yakși associated with him are Vijaya (or Syāma or Ajita-according to Tiloyapannatti) and Bhrkuti (or Jvālā or Manovegā – according to Tiloyapannatti). A temple dedicated to Candraprabha exists at Somanāthapāțana in Saurashtra. Jinaprabhasūri states that the image of Candraprabha was brought to Devapattana (same as Somanatha-pātana or Prabhāsa-pāțaņa) from Valabhi alongwith images of Amba and Kşetrapāla.
The earliest-known sculpture of Candraprabha of 4th century A.D. was installed by Mahārājādhirāja
Rāmagupta (elder brother of Chandragupta II), according to an inscription carved on the siṁhāsana with dharmacakra. The image procured from Durjanpur (Vidisha, M.P.) is on exhibit in the Vidisha Museum (Pl. 123). The cognizance of the Jina seated in dhyānamudrā is, however, not shown but the inscription gives the name of the Jina as Candraprabha. On each side of the Jina there stands flywhisk-bearer. The head of the attendant on the right is mutilated alongwith the upper half of the halo and the head of the Jina. The image shows the transitional features of Kuşāņa-Gupta period. The śrīvatsa mark on the chest of the Jina and the conical crowns of flywhisk-bearers are still of the early type met with in the Kuşāņa art of Mathura.
A stone sculpture of Candraprabha (8h century A.D.) sitting in padmasana on a big Viśvapadma placed on a simhāsana was found in the Jaina temple at Vaibhargiri (Rajgir). Above dharmacakra is the crescent moon cognizance. Besides camaradharas, there are, on each side of the Jina, three small figures of Jinas in dhyāna-mudra. Thus this image is a Sapta-tīrthi image of Candraprabha. Two Mālādharas, two drums and a triple umbrella are carved at top of parikara.
Patna Museum (Acc. No. 10695) has a standing bronze figure of Candraprabha (c. 11th-12" century A.D.), known from Aluara (Bihar), with the crescent moon shown on the pedestal. A more beautiful bronze of standing Candraprabha from Achyutarajapura (Orissa, c. 104-11th century A.D.) is preserved in the State Museum, Bhubaneswara. A metal image of standing Candraprabha from Kakatpur (Orissa) is preserved in the Ashutosh Museum, Kolkata. The same museum has a stone Caturmukha shrine from Dewalia (Burdwan, West Bengal), on one side of which could be seen a standing figure of Candraprabha with the crescent cognizance. The figures of other three Jinas are of Rşabhanātha, Mahāvīra and Parsvanātha. The figures of Candraprabha from about 9th century A.D. onwards show Yakşa-Yakși figures but they are usually twoarmed and without any distinguishing attributes. Of the
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