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Jaina Temple Architecture : South India
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are intact, but the superstructure is lost.
The high and somewhat ornate adhisthāna (Fig. 107) of the vimāna consists of an upāna, jagati, padma, antarita, pattikā decorated with scroll pattern, antarita, tripatta kumuda, antarita, pattikā adorned with scrolls, antarita, urdhvapadma, and kapota embellished with ornamental nasis. The lower portion of the wall is quite plain, but the upper portion, capitals of the cantoning pilasters and the exterior wall of the antarala are richly carved. In the subhadra is a large, elaborately carved model of rangamandapa with pyramidal roof surrounded by a cusped torana-arch emerging from the mouth of a makara at either end and going up into a grāsamukha. This is a rare feature on the wall surface. The antarāla on its each lateral wall also carries similar rangamaņdapa model, but here it is supported on a faceted pilaster. The upper portion of the wall shows three ornamental bands of scrolls, full-blown lotus flowers, and toraņa-arches containing Nidhi figures. These three decorative bands not only run all over the wall of the vimāna and antarāla but also on the rear wall of the rangamandapa. The wall is shaded by a three-tiered eave-cornice bearing a gagāraka-band on the lower tier.
The rangamandapa is also dvi-anga on plan but its rear portion shows three minor offsets between the bhadra and karna. The adhisthana and wall of the rear side of the rangamandapa are exactly similar to those of the vimāna, but the same in the remaining part are differently treated. The adhisthana here shows a ratnapattika in place of kumuda and a parapet wall above it. The parapet consists of a rājasenaka made up of pratikantha, a vedikā decorated with pilasters, an āsanapatta with kūta rooflets crowning the pilasters, and a kakşāsana bearing figure sculptures between paired pillarettes and an ornamental band below and above. The kakṣāsana has almost gone. The parapet supports twelve dwarf lathe-turned pillars with ornamental bands of beaded garlands, leaf-motif, creeper and louts petal on the circular ring, bell, belt, and kalasa members
respectively. Two interior pillars attached at the rear corners are of the bhadraka class and carry similar decorative bands as noticed in case of the dwarf pillars, but the creeper band is replaced here by an ornate diamond-and-bead band. In the square rangamandapa, if we exclude the bay forming a short of porch at the front and lateral sides, stand four massive, well-polished, beautifully carved, lathe-turned pillars bearing decorations as we find on the bhadraka pillars. The garbhagrha doorway has Jina as tutelary image.
Stylistically, the temple may be placed in the first half of the 12th century A.D. HALEBID
Halebid, located in the Hassan district of Karnataka, being the capital city of the Hoysalas of Dorasamudra, is graced with several Brahamanical and Jaina temples built during the Hoysala period. Three of the Jaina temples with their northerly orientation stand juxtaposed even today. Of these the western shrine is called the Pārsvanātha-basadi, the central the Ādinātha-basadi, and the eastern the śāntinātha-basadi. They stand in a common prākāra-wall with a pillared dvāramandapa (entrance hall) facing the Pārsvanātha temple. The präkära and the dvāramandapa had been built in A.D. 1254 by Padmideva, brother-in-law of the Hoysala king Narasimha II (A.D. 1220-1235).
Pārsvanātha Temple - This is the largest and most important Jaina temple (Fig. 119; Pl. 108) at Halebid. It consists of a vimāna, an antarala, a gūdhamandapa and a detached asthānamandapa in front of the gūdhamandapa. The square vimāna with 36.5 ft. side is tri-anga on plan consisting of unilateral karna, pratiratha with a subsidiary facet on one side only, and bhadra with a pair of upabhadras and a subhadra. Between the angas are saliläntaras. The clearly cut adhisthäna of the vimāna is made up of jagati, padma, antarita, vājana, antarita, karnaka, antarita, vājana embellished with diminutive ganas in scrolls, antarita, kapota, pratikantha bearing makara-heads in the frontal and profile form, antarita and urdhvapadma. The
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