Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 259

Jaina Temple Architecture : South India
237
by founding Sivalingas in the five sancta. In doing so the enshrined images of Jinas were removed and the tutelary Jina figures on the sanctum doors effaced. After this conversion the temple came to be known as Pancalingeśvara.
Pañcalingeśvara Temple - This east-facing temple is the largest and best-preserved at Huli (Fig. 117; Pl. 106). It is an ensemble of five vimānas with a common oblong gūdhamandapa and a rangamandapa. Three of these vimănas are laid out at the longer rear side of the gudhamandapa and face the east, while the other two are built on its two shorter lateral sides, one facing to the north and the other to the south. Each of the rear vimānas shows a bhadra and a karna with salilāntara in between. The bhadra is accompanied by two pairs of upabhadras. The lateral vimanas are similar in plan to the rear ones but carry pratibhadra with wall pilaster between the karna and bhadra. Besides, only one pair of upabhadras flank the bhadra in the northern lateral vimāna.
The adhisthana of the five vimānas is composed of two successive jagatis, padma, antarita, three-faceted kumuda, antarita, ürdhvapadma, kapota with plain bosses, and pratikantha with plain vertical blocks. The walls with their cantoning slender pilasters are quite plain. The superstructure of each of the three rear (west) vimānas consists of three storeys (tritala) linked by extending the hära at each storey of the three vimänas. Each storey consists of kapota, pratikantha and a hara of kutas and salas and is plain. At the top is a faceted square sikhara with kalasa. A sukanäsa, now vacant, appears on the front face of the superstructure of each vimāna. The superstructure of each lateral vimana consists of four storeys, but the hāra does not appear in the fourth storey. The southern vimāna also has a fully carved pañcaśākhā doorframe.
The gudhamandapa with wall offsets and flat roof shows four pillars in the square nave and two pillars on each lateral side. In the nave is now an image of bull Nandi, the mount of Siva which seems to have
been placed there when the temple was converted into a Saiva shrine. Four nave pillars and two others are of the lathe-turned class. They have a square moulded base; their shaft shows a square plain cube, ornate belt between double urdhvapadmas, a large bell and plain kalaśa; and the capital shows tādi, carinated ghata, pāli, and square phalaka topped by bevelled corbel with plain median band. The two remaining pillars are of the square variety; they are comparatively more ornate and their corners chamfered into three angles.
The rangamandapa is dvi-anga on plan consisting of bhadra and karna. Its adhisthana consists of two successive jagatis, padma, antarita, vājana, vedika and asanapatta, the last two forming the parapet wall. It is entered by a flight of four steps from the front as well as the lateral sides. In the interior the rangamandapa shows four pillars in the square central nave, twelve in the square surrounding aisle and two each on the front and lateral sides, and twenty-four on the parapet, totalling forty-six in all. The parapet pillars are of the fluted class; the others are either lathe-turned, square with recessed angles, or square with a square block below the kalasa and carrying a series of ornamental bands. The roof is flat and has a long sloped out eavecornice.
This Jaina temple at Huli is notable for its architecture. HANGAL
Hangal, a district town in Karnataka, was an important town during the times of the later Kadamabas of Banavāsi and Hangal. It has an old fort with many ruined buildings. One of these is a Jaina temple in a better state of preservation.
Jaina Temple - This east-facing temple (Fig. 118; Pl. 107) consists of a vimäna, antarala and rangamandapa, the last being entered by a stairway of four steps from the east, north and south. The vimäna is dvi-anga on plan comprising bhadra and karņa, the bhadra having a pair of upabhadras and a subhadra and the karņa being unilateral. The adhisthāna and the wall of the vimāna
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