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Jaina Temple Architecture : South India
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pratikantha below the subhadra has a sculptural panel below rings and a medial belt adorned with carved as well. The wall is plain and its cantoning pilasters lozenges, a large bell with interlaced garlands of beads, are very thin. The wall is shaded by a double-flexured a belt with figures and scrolls, and kalaša bearing a eave-cornice. The prastara above the eave consists of band of lotus petals below and a band of beaded garlands an ornamental kapota and pratikantha, and the hara on the rim above. The capital shows a ratna-band shows finely carved kütas, panjaras and salas with half underlined with gagārakas on tadi, pearl-and-ratna angle-nasis. The aedicules generally contain figures of garlands on flat ghata, a band of lotus scrolls above seated Jinas, Yakşīs and Vidyādevīs. Possibly, the the plain pali and faceted square phalaka. The corbel vimāna had not been intended to have a superstructure. has square or roll brackets. These magnificent pillars The doorframe of the vimăna-garbhagrha is plain. Inside have no parallels in the whole of Karnataka in so far the garbhagrha are two free-standing pillars behind the as the lathe-turned pillars are concerned. The eight threshold and ten pilasters at the wall surround. At the central pillars in the nave support a beautifully carved back end, on a low lotus pedestal, stands some fifteen ceiling on an octagonal frame of plain architraves. The feet high nude but impressive image of Jina Pärsvanatha ceiling (Pl. 110) consists of three octagonal courses with a seven-hooded cobra-canopy.
made by cutting off the corners and a square ceilingThe antarala has a faceted pilaster on either side stone representing within floral and figural borders a of its exterior wall. Inside, it has on its front two lathe- figure of Nāgarāja Dharanendra. While the inner face turned pillars with wooden screen on each flank. The of each octagonal course is adorned with figure sculptures, screen is made up of upright posts and cross-bars and the soffits at corners show scroll pattern or grasamukha is a later addition.
spewing creepers. The gūdhamandapa (about 52 ft. wide) shares its The ästhānamandapa (36 ft. by 34 ft. 9 inches) adhisthāna with the vimāna and has a straight side with stands on an adhisthāna which, though similar to that wall pilasters, but its rear wall carries the karna and of the vimana, has an ornate kantha below the kapota pratiratha of the vimāna type. Its double-curved eave and an āsanapatta above that. It has similar set of twelve is intact; the prastara and hāra however are restored pillars in the square nave as we notice in the beyond recognition. The gudhamandapa is entered güdhamandapa and twenty thinner pillars at the periphery. through a pañcaśākhä doorway having three unadorned All these pillars are also lathe-turned, but they have jambs interspersed with two finely cut stambhaśākhas. no polish and are inferior to those of the gūdhamandapa. On the lalāta is a seated Jina with two attendants. On It has a carved lantern ceiling on an octagonal plan. proper right of the doorway is the carved slab of the In the ceiling slab is represented a figure of Yakşa. foundation inscription. The interior of the spacious The Parsvanātha temple at Halebid is regarded as gūdhamandapa shows three well-embellished niches on the finest of the surviving Jaina basadis in all each lateral side and one on each flank of the entrance Karnataka." It was founded in A.D. 1133 by door. In the well-formulated square nave stand four thick Dandanāyaka Boppadeva in the memory of his deceased pillars at the four corners and two thinner ones between father Gangarāja, the prime minister of the Hoysala them on each side. All the pillars (Pl. 109) are black, king Vişnuvardhana (A.D. 1108-1142). beautifully wrought, polished and lathe-turned. Their Ādinātha Temple - This small Jaina temple to square moulded base carries a sculptured niche on each the east of the Parsvanatha temple consists of a square face. The shaft is plain and square below and circular vimana, an antarala, a square but larger güdhamandapa above. The circular section of the shaft shows from and an entrance porch with she-elephants at the stair
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