Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 267

Jaina Temple Architecture : South India
245
enrichment of lotus petals and buds, floral diamonds alternating with lotuses, lotus petals-and-buds, and a full-blown large lotus with three rows of petals and a bulbous pistil in the centre; there is a border of floral diamonds and lotuses on the two shorter sides. This is a notable example of the samatala ceiling.
The temple had been founded by Mahāsāmanta Govindarāja in the memory of his wife Mahadevi Nayakiti in or before A.D. 1160. UDRI
Jaina Temple - Udri, referred to as Uddura, Uddhare and Uddharāpura in the inscriptions, is an old town lying south of the Hassan district headquarters in Karnataka. It has several ruined temples of which one seems to be Jaina converted later into a Saiva temple. An inscription of A.D. 1197 recovered from the nearby place of the temple-site indeed makes mention of the construction of a Jaina shrine which is none but this temple.
The temple consists of a vimana, an antarala and a gūdhamandapa. The tri-anga vimāna shows bhadra, pratiratha and karna without wall pilasters and salilāntaras. The vimana has a pyramidal roof of receding tiers, a structure rarely found in the temples of Karnataka. The different angas are displayed from the base to the top of the roof.
The gūdhamandapa follows the scheme of plan and elevation of the vimāna but has an additional anga, pratikarna, making it thus caturanga on plan. The monotony of the plain walls of both the chambers is broken by a median band of diamonds. Inside the gūdhamandapa, at the nave, are four lathe-turned pillars supporting a flat ceiling relieved with a large and many- petalled lotus flower. At the rear side are two niches flanking the antarāla doorway. On the lalāta of the doorframe is a figure of Jina accompanied by two cauri- bearers. JINANĀTHAPURA
Jinanāthapura is an old village founded in A.D. 1117 by Gangarāja, the prime minister of the Hoysala
monarch Vişnuvardhana. It lies to the north of the Candragiri hill at Sravanabelagola (Hassan district, Karnataka). In the heart of the village is a temple of Jina śāntinātha founded by Recimayya, the dandanāyaka of the Hoysala king Ballāla II (A.D. 1173-1220).
Säntinātha Temple - This east-facing temple consists of a vimāna (Pl. 115), antarala and güdhamandapa, the whole complex standing on a jagatiplatform. The temple does not possess an entrance porch, perhaps it was removed during the restructuring of the front facade of the gūdhamandapa. The flatroofed vimāna is dvi-anga on plan comprising bhadra and karma with deep salilāntara between. The bhadra is further divided into a central subhadra and two pairs of accompanying upabhadras. Its adhisthāna consists of an upana, jagati, padma, antarita, karnaka, antarita, kapota, pratikantha and ürdhvapadma. Of these plinth mouldings the kapota and the pratikantha on the west face are richly carved. The kapota shows a fringe of beaded garlands below and creepers on the nāsi-bosses above, while the pratikantha has fine enrichment of makara-heads. The walls carry neatly-cut plain pilasters at the flanks of the various offsets and fine niched figures in the spaces formed by them. The large niches at the subhadras bear standing images of Jina Pārsva (S), Supārsva (N) and Neminātha (W), each accompanied by two attendant figures. The somewhat smaller niches at the karņas and salilāntaras and the plain ones at the upabhadras as well as the antaralas' kūta-stambha carry divine and semi-divine figures of Yakşīs like Ambika, Cakreśvari and Padmāvatī, Vidyādevī Vajraśrókhalā, Śrutadevi Sarasvati, Yaksa Dharanendra and Sarvänubhūti, Rati-Manmatha, and Gandharvas and Vidyadharas. The niches at the subhadra, karna and salilāntara have a variety of vesara-kūta tops, but the figures of the upabhadras stand under the shadow of minutely carved upsurging creepers. The enshrined image of Santinatha in the vimāna-garbhagyha is missing.
The gūdhamandapa is similar on plan and elevation to the vimāna, but the bhadra has one more pair of
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