Encyclopaedia of Jaina Studies Vol 01 Jaina Art and Architecture

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain, Others
Publisher: Parshwanath Vidyapith

Page 229

Jaina Temple Architecture : South India
207
decorated at intervals with circular bands, pearl-festoon, beads and ridged band, a pitcher having a series of narrow projecting bands with a jewelled band on the lower part, and pearl-festoon in the neck as well as on the projected rim. The square abacus of the capital and the roll corbel are plain. Judging from the style of the pillars this second güdhamandapa seems to have been added in early 12th century A.D. The mukhamaņdapa is in the Vijayanagara style and was probably added in the 15th century A.D.
Pancakūta-basti - This is also an oblong structure with its orientation on the north (Pl. 86). It has five cells in juxtaposition on the rear side and a rectangular hall (güdhamandapa ) in the front. Outside this, on the east front side, is a mukhamandapa which is approached from the ground by a stairway with elephant banister Each of the five cells is entered through an ornate pañcaśākhă doorway and enshrines a large image of Jina, the one in the central cell being that of Pārsvanatha. The pillars of the rectangular hall are plain and simple; the nave ceiling depicts Astadikpālas with a figure of some dancing Yakṣa in the central quadrant. The hall has some images of Śasanadevatās on its east wall, dating from the 12 century A.D. It is entered from the mukhamandapa by an ornate doorway flanked by a pair of dvarapālas.
The mukhamandapa has slender and elegant pillars (Pl. 87), both faceted and lathe-turned, and is entered from three sides by an ornate doorway. It is covered by a tiled roof of the modern period. The front door is also provided with a torana-arch which emerges from the mouth of a makara placed on either side, proceeds upward forming two-folds, and meets at the top with a bold kirttimukha spewing jewelled festoon. The makara is driven by an Udadhikumära and is flanked on the outer side by a vyāla. In the centre of the torana-arch is a figure of Gajalakṣmi. Here Lakşmi is seated cross- legged and is lustrated by two elephants.
In front of the mukhamandapa stands a Mānastambha (Pl. 88) which is carved with bhutas,
vyālas, and human and divine figures.
The temple is said to have been built by Cattaladevi in A.D. 1077. PATTADAKAL
Pattadakal is situated in the Bijapur district of Karnataka. It has some beautiful Hindu temples of the Calukya period, the Virūpäksa among which is most notable. On the outskirts of the town is a ruined structural Jaina temple of the Rāstrakūta period.
Jaina Temple - This Jaina temple (Fig. 104; Pl. 89) at Pattadakal is built of sandstone and faces east. It consists of a sanctum enclosed by an ambulatory, antarāla, gūdhamandapa and mukhamandapa. The sanctum is square on plan from its base to the top of the sikhara and consists of three storeys, the two lower storeys being functional. Like the Jaina temple at Hallur it also has bhadra, pratibhadra and karna divisions with salilāntaras between, but the first two offsets are slightly projected from the straight line of the square sanctum. Each offset has a bay framed by two pilasters connecting the basement to the entablature. There are thus five bays on each wall.
The basement of the sanctum consists of jagati, three-faceted kumuda, narrow kantha, kapota with plain triangular bosses, and prati-kantha with uncarved rectangular blocks. The wall of the ground storey, like that at Hallur, is made of hewn blocks of plain ashlars and shows a range of tall slender pilasters having no base and capital. The wall is surmounted only by a kapota with uncarved triangular blocks.
The second storey has a sanctum enclosed by an upward extension of the inner wall of the ground storey. Although it reflects the arrangement of the lower storey on a diminished scale, it is complete in having a basal flat moulding, wall pilasters with capital and corbel, and entablature with prastara and hāra. The prastara consists of a kapota decorated with nāsi-kosthas, valabhi (rafter ends), antarita, vājana and kantha, while the hära is adorned with karna-kūtas, bhadra-śālās and pañjarakoşthas.
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