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Lesson 41 Past Participle (Use in the Active Voice)
For expressing the purport of the Past Tense, the Past Participle is used in Apabhraṁsa. The Past Participles are formed by adding the following suffixes to the Verbs. The Past Participles partake of the nature of an Adjective. When the suffixes of this participle are added to the Intransitive Verbs, it can be used in the Active Voice. The inflection of these will be according to the Subject. The subject may be in the Masculine, Neuter and Feminine Genders, therefore the inflection will be accordingly. In the Masculine Gender, the inflexion of the Past Participle will be according to the Masculine Noun 'Deva' and in the Neuter Gender, the inflexion will be according to 'Kamala' and in the Feminine Gender, the inflection will be according to Kahā'. The Past Participle is a-ending (in Masculine or Neuter Gender). For changing the Participle into Feminine Gender, the 'a' suffix of the Participle is changed into a. By this, the Participle becomes a-ending Feminine. (A) Verbs
Hasa : To laugh,
Nacca = To dance,
Jagga : To wake up.
Ho : To become or To exist.
Suffixes of
the Past Hasa
Ņacca
Jagga Ho Participle Hasia Naccia -
Jaggia - Hoa : Laughed Danced
Wake up Existed ya
Hasiya - Nacciya = Jaggiya - Hoya = Laughed Danced
Wake up Existed Note - After adding the Past Participle suffix to the Verb, the a of a - ending verbs is changed into i. The Past Participle ya suffix can be changed into 'a'. (1) Use in sentences (Subject Masculine) (Singular) (Active Voice)
Narindu) Narindo
Hasia/Hasia/Hasio/Hasiu = The King laughed. Narinda
Narinda
Apabhramsa Grammar and Composition
79
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