Bhagwan Mahavir aur Unka Samay

Author(s): Jugalkishor Mukhtar
Publisher: Hiralal Pannalal Jain
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/034765/1

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movAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya lekhakajugalakizora mukhtaar|

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aham bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA samaya - - - '. ( saMzodhita aura parivarddhita ) lekhA 3210 lekhakapaMDita jugalakizora muqhtAra sarasAvA jilA sahAranapura .. [granthaparIkSA 4 bhAga, svAmI samantabhadra, jinapUjAdhirAmImAMsA, upAsanAtattva, vivAhasamuddezya, vivAhakSetraprakAza, jainAcAyoMkA zAsanabheda, vIrapuSpAMjali, hama dukhI kyoM haiM, merIbhAvanA aura siddhisopAna Adi aneka graMthoMke rcyitaa|] GOP prakAzakahIrAlAla pannAlAla jaina, darIbA kalA~, dehlii| prathamAvRtti / caitra, vIrani0 saMvat 2460 / mUlya hajAra prati ) mArca 1934 |caar Ane gayAdatta presa, bAga-divAra dehalImeM mudrita / Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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viSaya-sUcI vidvAnoM kI kucha sampatiyA~ pAkathana ... mahAvIra-paricaya ... deza-kAlakI paristhiti mahAvIrakA uddhArakArya vIrazAsanakI vizeSatA sarvodaya tIrtha mahAvIra sandeza ... mahAvIrakA samaya ... upasaMhAra ... ....

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vidvAnoM kI kucha sammatiyA~ (1) sAhityAcArya paM0 vizvezvaranAthajI, reU "lekha 'bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya' khojapUrNa hai|" (2) maharSi zivavratalAlajI varmana, ema.e., "mahAvIra caritrakA mukhtasira khAkA bahuta acchA khIMcA gayA hai / lA0 jugalakizora sAhiba mukhtAra bahuta kAbila aura vAkiphakAra AdamI mAlUma hote haiN|" (3) prAra0 veMkaTAcala pAiyara, dhikkannagalam "lekha aura usake antargata 'mahAvIra-sandeza' ne mere manameM gaMbhoratama bhAvoMko jAgrata kiyA hai / " (4) bAbU bhagavAnadAsajI, ema.e., cunAra-- "lekha par3hakara maiM bahuta prasanna huA / isa naI buddhise pagane viSayoMkA pratipAdana kiyA jAya to unameM panaH prANasaMcAra ho aura ve sacamuca iha-amutra upayogI hoM jahA~ aba prAyaH ubhaya bAdhaka ho rahe haiN|" (5) bA0 jyotiprasAdajI sampAdaka 'jainapradIpa' devavanda "lekha bahuta hI rucakara aM ra lAbhadAyaka hai ... atyuttama hai bar3I khojaka sAtha likhA gayA hai|" (6) paM0 kailAzacandrajI zAstrI, banArasa "lekha bahuta mahatva evaM gaveSaNApUrNa hai|"

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[4] (7) paM0 lokanAthajI zAstrI, mUDabidrI " ApakA aitihAsika dRSTise likhita mahAvIracaritra ... mAnanIya hai|" (8) paM0 devakInandanajI siddhAntazAstrI, kAraMjA "lekha bahuta hI khojapUrvaka likhA hai / Apake sAhityakI jo vizeSatA hai vaha kisI viSayameM matabhedake rahate hue bhI hameM AdaraNIya pratIta hotI hai| Apake sAhityase naI zikSAse bhaSita vyaktiyoMkA parNa rItise sthitikaraNa hotA hai aura usase jainadharmake viSayameM zraddhAkI bhI vRddhi hotI hai| () sampAdaka 'jainamitra' sUrata_ "lekha bahuta vidvattApUrNa aura upayogI hai|" (10) sampAdaka 'jainajagat' ajamera "lekha hai to lambA parantu Avazyaka hai|" (11) zrIsulatAnamalajI sakalecA, villupuram (madrAsa) " bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya' zIrSaka lekha bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai|" noTa-paM0nAthUrAmajI premI zrAdi dUsare kaI vidvAnoMkI sammatiyoM ke liye 'prAkkathana' dekhiye / -prakAzaka

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prAkkathana yaha nibandha 21 aprela san 1929 ko likhakara samApta huA thA aura usI dina caitrazuklA trayodazIko dehalImeM mahAvIra jayantI ke zubha avasara para par3hA gayA thaa| usake bAda naye prakaTa honevAle 'anekAnta' patra ke liye ise rijarva rakha chor3A thA aura yaha usa patrakI prathama kiraNameM 22 navambara san 1929 ko sabase pahale prakAzita huA thaa| 'anekAnta' meM prakAzita hone para bahutama pratiSThita jaina ajaina vidvAnoMne isakA khalA abhinandana kiyA thA aura ise apanI sammatiyoM meM spaSTa rUpase eka bahuta hI mahatvaparNa, khojapUrNa, gaveSaNApUrNa, vidvattApUrNa, atyuttama, upayogI,Avazyaka aura mananIya lekha prakaTa kiyA thA / vidvAnoMkI ina sammatiyaM kA bahutasA hAla 'anekAnta'kI prathama varSakI phAilase jAnA jA sakatA hai, jisameM kitanI hI sammatiyA~ 'anekAnta para lokamata' Adi zIrSakoMke nIce jyoMkI tyoM uddhata kI gaI haiN| isa nibandhake do vibhAgahaiM-eka bhagavAn mahAvIrake jIvana aura zAsanase sambaMdha rakhatA hai, dUsarA unake samayake vicAra evaM vIranirvANa-saMvatke nirNayako liye hue hai / pahale vibhAgameM mahAvIrakA saMkSepataH Avazyaka paricaya deneke sAtha sAtha dezakAlakI paristhitike ullekhapUrvaka mahAvIrake uddhArakArya aura unake zAsanakI vizeSatAdikA pradarzana kiyA gayA hai aura una saba para yatheSTa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| pichale vibhAgameM pracalita vIra-nirvANa-saMvatko aneka yaktiyoM tathA pramANoMke AdhAra para satya siddha kiyA gayA hai| isase pahale pracalita vIranirvANa-saMvat bahuta kucha vivAdagrasta cala rahA thA, aneka vidvAnoMkI usa para ApattiyA~ thIM aura ve apanI

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63 apanI samajhake anusAra usake saMzodhanakA parAmarza de rahe the / maiM khuda bhI isake viSayameM sazaMkita thA, jaisAki mere likhe 'svAmI samantabhadra' nAmaka itihAsase prakaTa hai / parantu usa vaktase merA barAbara prayatna aisI sAdhana-sAmagrIkI khojakA rahA hai jisase mahAvIrake samayakA bilakula ThIka nizcaya hojAya / usI khojakA saphala pariNAma yaha nibandhakA uttarArdha hai aura isake dvArA pichalI. aneka bhUloM,truTiyoM, g2alatiyoM athavA zaMkAoMkA saMzodhana ho gayA hai / jahA~ taka mujhe mAlUma hai pracalita vIranirvANa-saMvatko itane yuktibala ke sAtha satya pramANita karanevAlA yaha pahalA hI lekha thaa| isake prakaTa hone para itihAsake suprasiddha vidvAn paM0 nAthUrAmajI premIne likhA thA "ApakA vIranirvANa saMvat-vAlA ( mahAvIrakA samaya ) lekha bahuta hI mahatvakA hai aura usase aneka ulajhaneM sulajha gaI haiM" | muni zrIkalyANavijayajIne sUcita kiyA thA"Apake isa lekhakI vicArasaraNI bhI ThIka hai" aura paMDita basantalAlajIne iTAvAse likhA thA "vIra-saMvat-samvandhI lekha choTA hone para bhI bar3e mArkekA hai / yaha lekha una vidvAnoMko jo isa viSayameM kAfI taurase sazaMkita haiM sthira vicAra karane meM kAphI sahAyatA degA" / isa nibandhake prakAzita honese koI chaha mahIne bAda--maI san 1930 meM-muni zrIkalyANavijayajIkA vIranirvANasaMvat aura jainakAlagaNanA' nAmakA eka vistRta nibandha nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke 10veM bhAgake 9veM aMkameM prakaTa huA, jisameM bahuta kucha UhApoha ke sAtha pracalita vIranirvANasaMvat para kI jAne vAlI ApattiyoMkA nirasana karate hue usakI satyatAkA samarthana kiyA gayA / sAthahI spaSTarUpameM yaha sUcanA bhI kI gaI ki pracalita vIranirvANa-saMvatke aMkasamUhako gatavarSoMkA vAcaka samajhanA

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[7] cAhiye-vartamAna varSakA dyotaka nahIM / aura vaha hisAbasemahInoMkI bhI gaNanA sAthameM karate hue-ThIkahI hai / bAdako bAbU bholAnAthajI mukhtAra aura paM0kailAzacandrajI zAstrI Adike aura bhI kucha lekha prakRta viSayakA samarthana karate hue prakaTa hue haiN| aura isa taraha usa vaktase pracalitavIranirvANa-saMvatkI satyatAkA viSaya barAbara nirvivAda hotA calA jAtA hai, yaha bar3I hI prasannatAkA viSaya hai| __mere isa nibandhako pustakarUpameM dekhaneke liye kitanehI sajjana bahuta samaya se utkaMThita the| maiM bhI naI mAlamAtake AdhAra para isameM kucha saMzodhana tathA parivardhana kara denA cAhatA thA, jisakA mujhe abhI taka avasara nahIM mila rahAthA / hAlameM utsAhI navayuvaka bAbU pannAlAlajIne chapAneke liye nibandhakI saMzodhita kApImAMgI, unake isa anurodhako pAkara mujhe saMzodhanAdike kArya meM pravRtta honA par3A aura kitanA hI nayA parizrama karanA par3A / saMzodhanake avasara para isake donoM vibhAgoMmeM yathAsthAna dhavala aura jayadhavala nAmaka siddhAnta granthoMke bhI kitane hI pramANoMkA samAveza kiyA gayA hai, jinakA paricaya mujhe ukta pranthoMke avalokanase kucha samaya parva hI huA hai aura jinase isa nibandhakI upayogitA aura bhI jyAdA bar3ha gaI hai / isataraha maiMne isa nibandhameM kitanA hI saMzodhana tathA parivardhana karake ise apa-TU-DeTa banA diyA hai, aura isalie aba yaha apane isa saMzodhita tathA parivardhita rUpameM hI pAThakoMke hAthoMmeM jA rahA hai / AzA hai sahRdaya pAThaka isase vizeSa lAbha uThAe~ge-bhagavAna mahAvIrake jIvana, mizana evaM zAsanake mahatva ko ThIka taura para samajheMge aura unakI zikSAoMko jIvanameM utArakara apanA tathA dezakA hitasAdhana karanemeM samartha hoMge / sAtha

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[ 8 ] hI, mahAvIrake samaya-sambandhameM yadi koI bhrama hogA to usakA sahaja hImeM saMzodhana bhI kara skeNge| __ isa nivandhakA parvArdha sAdhAraNa janatAmeM adhikatAke sAtha pracAra kiye jAneke yogya hai aura isa dRSTi se bhagavAna mahAvIra' zIrSakake sAtha use alaga bhI chapAyA jA sakatA hai / antameM maiM una sabhI lekhakoMkA hRdayase AbhAra mAnatA hU~ jinake lekhoM athavA granthAdika parase isa nibandhake likhane tathA saMzodhanAdi karanemeM majhe kucha bhI sahAyatAkI prApti huI hai| sAtha hI, prakAzaka mahAzaya bAbU pannAlAlajIkA AbhAra mAne vinA bhI maiM nahIM raha sakatA, jinake utsAha aura anurodhake vinA yaha pastaka isa rUpameM itanI zIghra zAyadahI pAThakoMkI sevAmeM upasthita ho sktii| sarasAvA ji.shaarnpur| tA0 16-2-1934 / jugalakizora mukhtAra / NRNA IHrin

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bha0 mahAvIra aura unakA samaya zuddhizaktayoH parAM kASThAM yo'vApya shaantimndirH| dezayAmAsa saddharma mahAvIraM namAmi tam // mahAvIra-paricaya jainiyoMke antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra videha-(vihAra-) dezastha kuNDapura ke rAjA 'siddhArtha'ke putra the aura mAtA 'priyakAriNI ke garbhase utpanna hue the, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'trizalA' bhI thA aura jo vaizAlIke rAjA'ceTaka'ko supatrI thI / Apake zubha janmase caitra zuklA trayodazIkI tithi pavitra huI aura use mahAn utsavoMke liye parvakA sA gaurava prApta huA / isa tithiko janmasamaya uttarAphAlgunI nakSatra thA, jise kahIM kahIM 'hastottarA' (hasta nakSatra hai uttarameM-anantara-jisake) isa nAmase bhI ullekhita kiyA gayA hai, aura saumya graha apane uccasthAna para sthita the; jaisA ki zrIpajyapAdAcArya ke nimna vAkyase prakaTa hai : caitra-sitapana-phAlguni zazAMkayoge dine trayodazyAm / jajJe svocastheSu graheSu saumyeSu zubhalagne // 5 // -nirvaannbhkti| * zvetAmbara sampadAyake kucha panthoM meM kSatriyakuNDa' aisA nAmollekha bhI milatA hai jo saMbhavataH kuNDapurakA eka mahallA jAna par3atA hai / anyathA, usI sampadAyake dUsare granthoMmeM kuNDagrAmAdi-rUpase kuNDapurakA sApha ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yathAH ___ "hatthuttarAhi jAo kuMraggAme mhaaviiro|" prA0ni0 bhA0 yaha kuNDapura hI Ajakala kuNDalapura kahA jAtA hai| x kucha zvetAmbarIya granthoMmeM 'bahana' likhA hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya tejaHpuMja bhagavAnke garbha meM Ate hI siddhArtha rAjA tathA anya kuTumbIjanoMkI zrIvRddhi huI- unakA yaza, teja, parAkrama aura vaibhava bar3hA-mAtAkI pratibhA camaka uThI, vaha sahaja hI meM aneka gUDha praznoMkA uttara dene lagI, aura prajAjana bhI uttarottara sukha-zAntikA adhika anubhava karane lge| isase janmakAlameM ApakA sArthaka nAma 'zrIvarddhamAna' yA 'varddhamAna' rakkhA gayA / sAtha hI, vIra, mahAvIra, aura sanmati jaise nAmoMkI bhI kramazaH sRSTi huI, jo saba Apake usa samaya prasphuTita tathA uccalita honevAle guNoM para hI eka AdhAra rakhate haiM / ____ mahAvIrake pitA 'NAta' vaMzake kSatriya the / 'NAta' yaha prAkRta bhASAkA zabda hai aura 'nAta' aisA dantya nakArase bhI likhA jAtA hai / saMskRtameM isakA paryAyarUpa hotA hai 'jJAta' / isIsa 'cAritrabhakti' meM zrIpajyapAdAcAryane "zrImajjAtakulendanA"padake dvArA mahAvIra bhagavAnako 'jJAta' vaMzakA candramA likhA hai, aura isIse mahAvIra 'NAtaputta' athavA 'jJAtaputra' bhI kahalAte the, jisakA bauddhAdi granthoM meM bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra vaMzake Upara nAmoMkA usa samaya calana thA-buddhadeva bhI apane vaMza parase 'zAkyaputra' kahe jAte the / astu; isa 'nAta' kA hI bigar3a kara athavA lekhakoM yA pAThakoMkI nAsamajhI kI vajahase bAdako 'nAtha' rUpa huA jAna par3atA hai| aura isIse kucha granthoM meM mahAvIrako nAthavaMzI likhA huA milatA hai, jo ThIka nahIM hai| mahAvIrake bAlyakAlakI ghaTanAoM meM se do ghaTanAe~ khAsa taurase ullekhayogya haiM-eka yaha ki, saMjaya aura vijaya nAmake do cAraNa muniyoMko tattvArtha-viSayaka koI bhArI saMdeha utpanna ho gayA thA, janmake kucha dina bAda hI jaba unhoMne Apako dekhA vo Apake * dekho, guNabhadrAcArya kRta mahArANakA 74vA~ parva /

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mahAvIra paricaya darzanamAtrase unakA vaha saba saMdeha tatkAla dUra ho gayA aura isa liye unhoMne bar3I bhaktise ApakA nAma 'sanmati' rakkhA * / dUsarI yaha ki, eka dina Apa bahutase rAjakumAroMke sAtha vanameM vRkSakor3A kara rahe the, itanemeM vahA~ para eka mahAbhayaMkara aura vizAlakAya sarpa A nikalA aura usa vRkSako hI mUlase lekara skaMdha paryanta ber3hakara sthita ho gayA jisa para Apa car3he hue the / usake vikarAla rUpako dekhakara dUsare rAjakumAra bhayavihvala ho gaye aura usI dazAmeM vRkSoM parase gira kara athavA kUda kara apane apane gharako bhAga gye| parantu Apake hRdayameM jarA bhI bhayakA saMcAra nahIM huA-Apa bilakula nirbhayacitta hokara usa kAle nAgasehI krIr3A karane lage aura Apane usa para savAra hokara apane bala tathA parAkramase use khaba hI ghamAyA, phirAyA tathA nirmada kara diyaa| usI vaktase zrApa lokameM 'mahAvora' nAmase prasiddha hue / ina donoM+ ghaTanAoMse yaha spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki mahAvIrameM bAlyakAlase hI buddhi aura zaktikA asAdhAraNa vikAsa ho rahA thA aura isa prakArakI ghaTanAe~ unake bhAvI asAdhAraNa vyaktitvako sacita karatI thIM / so ThIka hI hai "honahAra biravAnake hota cIkane pAta" / * saMjayasyArthasaMdehe saMjAte vijayasya ca / janmAnantaramevainamabhyetyAlokamAvataH // tatsaMdehagate tAbhyAM cAraNAbhyAM svabhaktitaH / astve sanmatirdevo bhAvIti samudAhRtaH // -mahApurANa, parva 74 vaaN| + inameMse pahalI ghaTanAkA ullekha prAyaH digambara anyoMmeM aura dusarIkA digambara tathA zetAmvara donoM hI sampadAyake panthoMmeM bahulatAse pAyA jAtA hai|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya prAyaH tIsa varSakI avasthA ho jAne para mahAvIra saMsAra-dehabhogoMse pUrNatayA virakta hogaye, unheM apane AtmotkarSako sAdhane aura apanA antima dhyeya prApta karanekI hI nahIM kintu saMsArake jIvoMko sanmArgameM lagAne athavA unakI saccI sevA bajAnekI eka vizeSa lagana lagI-dIna dukhiyoMkI pukAra unake hRdaya meM ghara kara gaI-aura isaliye unhoMne, aba aura adhika samaya taka gRhavAsako ucita na samajha kara, jaMgalakA rAstA liyA, saMpUrNa rAjyavaibhavako ThukarA diyA aura indriya-sukhoMse mukha mor3akara maMgasiravadi 10mI ko 'jJAtakhaMDa' nAmaka vanameM jinadIkSA dhAraNa karalI / dIkSAke samaya Apane saMpUrNa parigrahakA tyAga karake AkiMcanya (aparigraha ) vrata grahaNa kiyA, apane zarIra parase vastrAbhUSaNoMko utAra kara pheMka diyA hai aura kezoMko klezasamAna samajhate hue unakA bhI lauMca kara DAlA / aba Apa dehase bhI nirmamatva hokara nagna rahate the, siMhakI taraha nirbhaya hokara jaMgala-pahAr3oMmeM vicarate the aura dina rAta tapazcaraNa hI tapazcaraNa kiyA karate the| vizeSa siddhi aura vizeSa lokasevAke liye vizeSa hI tapazcaraNa kI jarUrata hotI hai-tapazcaraNa hI roma romameM rame hue Antarika malako chA~Ta kara AtmAko zuddha, sAfa, samartha aura kAryakSama banAtA hai / isI liye mahAvIrako bAraha varSa taka ghora tapazcaraNa karanA par3A-khaba kar3A yoga sAdhanA par3A-taba kahIM jAkara ApakI zaktiyoMkA pUrNa vikAsa huaa| isa durddhara tapazcaraNakI * kucha zvetAmbarIya granthoM meM itanA vizeSa kathana pAyA jAtA hai aura vaha saMbhavataH sAmpradAyika jAna par3atA hai ki, vastrAbhUSaNoMko utAra DAlaneke bAda indane 'devaSya' nAmakA eka bahumUlya vastra bhagavAnke kandhe para DAla diyA thA, jo 13 mahIne taka par3A rahA / vAdako mahAvIrane use bhI tyAga diyA aura ve pUrNa rUpase nagnadigambara athavA jinakalpI hI rahe /

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jAte hai , aTala sAhasa mahAvIra-paricaya kucha ghaTanAoMko mAlUma karake roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiM / parantu sAtha hI Apake asAdhAraNa dhairya, aTala nizcaya, sudRr3ha AtmavizvAsa, anupama sAhasa aura lokottara kSamAzIlatAko dekhakara hRdaya bhaktise bhara AtA hai aura khuda-bakhuda (svayameva ) stuti karanemeM pravRtta ho jAtA hai / astu ; manaHparyayajJAnakI prApti to Apako dIkSA leneke bAda hI hogaI thI parantu kevalajJAna-jyotikA udaya bAraha varSake ugra tapazcaraNake bAda vaizAkha sudi 10 mIko tIsare paharake samaya usa vakta huA jaba ki Apa jambhakA grAmika nikaTa RjukUlA nadIke kinAre, zAla vRkSake nIce eka zilA para, SaSThopavAsase yukta hue, kSapakazreNi para ArUDha the Apane zukla dhyAna lagA rakkhA thA-aura candramA hastottara nakSatrake madhyameM sthita thA ke / jaisA ki zrIpajyapAdAcAryake nimna vAkyoMse prakaTa grAma-pura-kheTa-karvaTa-maTamba-ghoSAkarAn pravijahAra / . ugraistapovidhAnai dazavarSANyamarapUjyaH // 10 // * RjakUlAyAstIre zAladrumasaMzrite zilApaTTe / ' aparAhne SaSThenAsthitasya' khalu jambhakAgrAma // 11 // *kevalajJAnotpatti ke samaya aura kSetrAdikA prAyaH yaha savarNana dhamala' aura 'jayadhavala' nAmake donoM siddhAntapranthoMmeM uddhRta tIna prAcIna gAthAoMmeM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM: gamaiya chadumatthattaM vArasavAsANi paMcamAse ya / paeNArasANi diNaNi ya tirayaNasuDo mahAvI // 1 // ujukUlaNadItIre jaMbhiyagAme vahiM silaav?'| cha?NAdAveMto abaraNhe pAyachAyAe // 2 // vaisAhajoehapakkhe dasamIe khvgseddhimaaruho| haMtUNa ghAikammaM kevalaNANaM samAvaeNo // 3 // ..

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya vaizAkhasitadazamyAM hastottaramadhyamAzrite caMdre / ApakazreNyArUDhasyotpannaM kevalajJAnam // 12 // -nirvANabhakti / isa taraha ghora tapazcaraNa tathA dhyAnAgni-dvArA, jJAnAvaraNIya darzanAvaraNIya mohanIya aura antarAya nAmake ghAtikarma-malako dagdha karake, mahAvIra bhagavAnane jaba apane AtmAmeM jJAna, darzana, sukha, aura vIrya nAmake svAbhAvika guNoMkA parA vikAsa athavA unakA pUrNa rUpase AvirbhAva kara liyA aura Apa anupama zuddhi, zakti tathA zAntikI parAkASThAko pahu~ca gaye, athavA yoM kahiye ki Apako svAtmopalabdhi rUpI 'siddhi' kI prApti ho gaI, taba Apane saba prakArase samartha ho kara brahmapathakA netatva grahaNa kiyA aura saMsArI jIvoMko sanmArgakA upadeza deneke liye unheM una kI bhala sujhAne, bandhanamukta karane, Upara uThAne aura unake duHkha miTAneke liye-apanA vihAra prArambha kiyaa| athavA yoM kahiye ki lokahita-sAdhanakA jo asAdhAraNa vicAra ApakA varSoM se cala rahA thA aura jisakA gaharA saMskAra janmajanmAtaroMse Apake AtmAmeM par3A huA thA vaha aba saMpUrNa rukAvaToMke dUra ho jAne para svataH kAryameM pariNata ho gyaa| vihAra karate hue Apa jisa sthAna para pahu~cate the aura vahA~ Apake upadezake liye jo mahatI sabhA jur3atI thI aura jise jainasAhityameM 'samavasaraNa' nAmase ullekhita kiyA gayA hai usakI eka khAsa vizeSatA yaha hotI thI ki usakA dvAra sabake liye mukta rahatA thA, koI kisIke pravezameM bAdhaka nahIM hotA thA-pazupakSI taka bhI AkRSTa hokara vahA~ pahu~ca jAte the, jAti-pAMti chUtAchUta aura U~canIcakA usameM koI bheda nahIM thA, saba manuSya eka hI manuSyajAtimeM parigaNita hote the, aura ukta prakArake bhedabhAvako

Page #16
mahAvIra-paricaya bhalAkara ApasameM premake sAtha rala-milakara baiThate aura dhamezravaNa karate the-mAnoM saba eka hI pitAkI saMtAna hoM / isa Adarzase samavasaraNameM bhagavAna mahAvIrakI samatA aura udAratA mUrtimatI najara AtI thI aura ve loga to usameM praveza pAkara behada saMtuSTa hote the jo samAjake atyAcAroMse pIr3ita the, jinheM kabhI dharmazravaNakA,zAstroMke adhyayanakA, apane vikAsakA aura uccasaMskRtiko prApta karanekA avasara hI nahIM milatA thA athavA jo usake adhikArI ho nahIM samajhe jAte the| isake sivAya, samavasaraNakI bhUmimeM praveza karate hI bhagavAna mahAvIrake sAmIpyase jIvoMkA vairabhAva dUra ho jAtA thA, kara jantu bhI saumya bana jAte the aura unakA jAti-virodha taka miTa jAtA thaa| isIse sarpako nakula yA mayUrake pAsa baiThanemeM koI bhaya nahIM hotA thA, cahA binA kisI saMkocake billIkA AliMgana karatA thA, gau aura siMhI milakara eka hI nA~dameM jala pItI thIM aura mRga-zAvaka khuzIse siMha-zAvaka ke sAtha khelatA thA / yaha saba mahAvIrake yoga balakA mAhAtmya thaa| unake AtmAmeM ahiMsAkI pUrNa pratiSThA ho cukI thI, isaliye unake saMnikaTa athavA unakI upasthitimeM kisIkA vaira sthira nahIM raha sakatA thA / pataMjali RSine bhI, apane yogadarzanameM, yogake isa mAhAtmyako svIkAra kiyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna satrase prakaTa hai: ahiMsApratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau vairatyAgaH // 3 // jainazAkhoMmeM mahAvIrake vihAra-samayAdikakI kitanI hI vibhatiyoMkA-atizayoMkA varNana kiyA gayA hai parantu unheM yahA~ , para chor3A jAtA hai / kyoMki svAmI samantabhadrane likhA hai : devaagmnbhoyaan-caamraadi-vibhuutyH|

Page #17
bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya mAyAviSvapi dRzyante nAtastvamasi no mahAn // 1 // -aaptmiimaaNsaa| arthAta--devoMkA Agamana, AkAzameM gamana aura cAmarAdika (divya camara, chatra, siMhAsana, bhAmaMDalAdika) vibhUtiyoMkA astitva to mAyAviyoMmeM--indrajAliyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, inake kAraNa hama Apako mahAn nahIM mAnate aura na inakI vajahase ApakI koI khAsa mahattA yA bar3AI hI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrakI mahattA aura bar3AI to unake mohanIya, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya nAmaka koMkA nAza karake parama zAntiko liye hue * zuddhi tathA zaktikI parAkASThAko pahu~cane aura brahmapathakA-ahiMsAtmaka mokSamArgakA netRtva grahaNa karanemeM hai--athavA yoM kahiye ki AtmoddhArake sAthasAtha lokakI saccI sevA bajAne meM hai| jaisA ki svAmI samantabhadrake nimna vAkya se bhI prakaTa hai : tvaM zuddhizaktyorudayasya kASThAM tulAvyatItAM jina zAMtirUpAm / avApitha brahmapathasya netA mahAnitIyat prativaktumIzAH // 4 // yuktyanuzAsana / mahAvIra bhagavAnne prAyaH tIsa varSa taka lagAtAra aneka dezadezAntaroMmeM vihAra karake sanmArgakA upadeza diyA, asaMkhya prANiyoMke ajJAnAndhakArako dUra karake unheM yathArtha vastu-sthitikA bodha karAyA, tattvArthako samajhAyA, bhUleM dUra kI, bhrama miTAe, ____ * jJAnAvaraNa-darzanAvaraNake abhAvase nirmala jJAna-darzanakI prAvibhUtikA nAma 'zuddhi' aura antarAya karma ke nAzase vIryalagdhikA honA 'zakti' hai|

Page #18
mahAvIra-paricaya kamajoriyA~ haTAI, bhaya bhagAyA, AtmavizvAsa bar3hAyA, kadAgraha dUra kiyA, pAkhaNDabala ghaTAyA, mithyAtva chur3AyA, patitoMko uThAyA, anyAya-atyAcArako rokA, hiMsAkA virodha kiyA, sAmyavAdako phailAyA aura logoMko svAvalambana tathA saMyamakI zikSA de kara unheM AtmotkarSake mArga para lagAyA / isa taraha para Apane lokakA ananta upakAra kiyA hai aura ApakA yaha vihAra bar3A hI udAra, pratApI evaM yazasvI huA hai / isIse svAmI samantabhadrane svayaMbhastotrameM 'giribhityavadAnavataH' ityAdi padyake dvArA isa vihArakA yatkiMcit ullekha karate hue, use "UrjitaM gataM" likhA hai| bhagavAnakA yaha vihAra-kAla hI unakA tIrtha-pravartanakAla hai, aura isa tIrtha-pravartanakI vajahase hI ve 'tIrthakara' kahalAte haiM / Apake vihArakA pahalA sTezana rAjagahIke nikaTa vipulAcala tathA vaibhAra parvatAdi paMca pahAr3iyoMkA pradeza jAna par3atA hai, jise * 'jayadhavala' meM, mahAvIrake isa tIrthapravartana aura unake AgamakI pramANatAkA ullekha karate hue, eka prAcIna gAthAke AdhAra para unheM niHsaMzayakara ( jagatake jIvoMke saMdehako dUra karane vAle ), vIra (jJAnavacanAdiko sAtizaya zaktise sampanna), jinottama (jitendiyoM tathA karmajetAoMmeM zreSTha), rAga-dveSa-bhayapte rahita aura dharmatIrtha-pravartaka likhA hai / yathA : hissaMsayakaro vIro mahAvIro jiNu ttmo| rAga-dosa-bhayAdIdo dhammatitthassa kaaro|| + Apa z2ambhakA grAmake RjuklA-taTase calakara pahale isI pradeza meM pAe haiN| isIse zrIpUjyapAdAcArya ne ApakI kevalajJAnotpatti ke usa kathanake anantara jo Upara diyA gayA hai Apake vaibhAra parvata para AnekI bAta kahI hai aura tabhIse Apake tIsa varSake vihArakI gaNanA kI hai / yathA:

Page #19
bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya dhavala aura jayadhavala nAmake siddhAnta graMthoM meM kSetrarUpase mahAvIra. kA arthakartRtva prarUpaNa karate hue, 'paMcazailapura' nAmase ullekhita kiyA hai / yahIM para ApakA prathama upadeza huA hai kevala. jJAnotpattike pazcAt ApakI divya vANo khirI hai aura usa upadezake samayase hI Apake tIrthakI utpatti huI hai| rAjagahImeM usa vakta rAjA zreNika rAjya karatA thA, jise bimbasAra bhI kahate haiM / usane bhagavAnko pariSadoMmeM-samavasaraNa sabhAoMmeMpradhAna bhAga liyA hai aura usake praznoM para bahutase rahasyoMkA udghATana huA hai / zreNikakI rAnI celanA bhI rAjA ceTakakI putrI thI aura isa liye vaha riztemeM mahAvIrakI mAtRsvasA (mAvasI) hotI thii| isa taraha mahAvIrakA aneka rAjyoMke sAtha "atha bhAvAnsampApadivyaM vaimAra parvataM ramyaM / cAturvaNrya-susaMghastatrAbhUd gautamaprabhRti // 13 // "dazavidhamanagAeNAmekAdazadhottaraM tathA dharma / dezayamAno vyaharata triMzadvargaNyatha jinendaH // 15 // -nirvaannbhkti| * paMcaselapure rambhe viule pavvaduttame / NANAdumasamAieNe devadANavavaMdide // mahAvIreNa (a)tyo kahizro bhaviyaloassa / yaha tIrthotpatti zrAvaNa-kRSNa pratipadAko pUrvAgraha (syodaya) ke samaya abhijita nakSatrameM huI hai, jaisA ki dhavala siddhAntake nimna vAkyase prakaTa hai vAsassa paDhamamAse paDhame pakkhammi sAvaNe bahule / pADivadapuvadivase sitthuppattI du abhijimhi // 2 // + kucha zvetAmbarIya granthAnusAra 'mAtulajA'-mAmajAda bahana /

Page #20
mahAvIra-paricaya meM zArIrika sambandha bhI thA / unameM Apake dharmakA bahuta pracAra huA aura use acchA rAjAzraya milA hai / vihArake samaya mahAvIrake sAtha kitane hI muni-AryikAoM tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoMkA saMgha rahatA thaa| Apane caturvidha saMgha ko acchI yojanA aura bar3I hI sundara vyavasthA kI thI / isa saMghake gaNadharoMkI saMkhyA gyAraha taka pahuMca gaI thI aura unameM sabase pradhAna gautama svAmI the, jo 'indrabhati' nAmase bhI prasiddha haiM aura samavasaraNa meM mukhya gaNadharakA kArya karate the| ye gotama-gotrI aura sakala veda-vedAMgake pAragAmI eka bahuta bar3e brAhmaNa vidvAn the, jo mahAvIrako kevalajJAnakI saMprApti honeke pazcAt unake pAsa apane jIvA'jIva-viSayaka saMdehake nivAraNArtha gaye the, saMdehakI nivatti para unake ziSya bana gaye the aura jinhoMne apane bahutase ziSyoMke sAtha bhagavAnse jinadIkSA lelI thI / antu| __ tIsa varSake lambe vihArako samApta karate aura kRtakRtya hote hue, bhagavAn mahAvIra jaba pAvAparake eka sundara udyAnameM pahu~ce, jo aneka padmasarovaroM tathA nAnA prakArake vakSasamUhoMse maMDita thA, taba Apa vahA~ kAyotsargase sthita ho gaye aura Apane parama zukladhyAnake dvArA yoganirodha karake dagdharaju-samAna avaziSTa rahe karma rajako-aghAticatuSTayako--bhI apane AtmAse pRthaka ___ * dhavala siddhAntameM aura jayavavalameM bhI kucha AcAyoMke matAnusAra eka prAcIna gAthAke AdhAra para vihArakAlakI saMkhyA 26 varSa 5 mahIne 20 dina bhI dI hai, jo kevalotpatti aura nirvANakI tithiyoMko dekhate hue ThIka jAna par3atI hai / aura isa liye 30 varSa kI yaha saMkhyA sthUlarUpase samajhanI cAhiye / vaha gAthA isa prakAra hai: vAsANUNattIsaM paMca ya mAse ya vIsadivase ya / cauvihaaNagAre bArahahi gaNehi viharaMto // 1 //

Page #21
12 bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unakA samaya kara DAlA, aura isa taraha kArtika vadi amAvasyAke dina 8, * dhavala siddhAntameM, "pacchA pAvANayare kattiyamAse ykinnhcodsie| sAdIe rattIe sesarayaM chattu NivvAno // " isa prAcIna gAthAko pramANameM udadhRta karate hue, kArtika vadi caturdazIkI rAtriko (pacchimabhAe-pichale paharameM) nirvANakA honA likhA hai| sAtha hI, kevalotpattise nirvANa takake samaya 26 varSa 5 mahIne 20 dinakI saMgati ThIka viThalAte hue, yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai ki amAvasyAke dina deveMdroMke dvArA parinirvANapUjA kI gaI hai vaha dina bhI isa kAlameM zAmila karane para kArtikake 15 dina hote haiM / yathA :___ "amAvasIe pariNivvANapUjA sayaladevidehi kayA tti taMpi divasamettheva pakkhitte paNNArasa divasA hoti / " ___ isase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki nirvANa amAvasyAko dinake samaya tathA dinake vAda rAtriko nahIM huA, balki caturdazIkI rAtrike antima bhAgameM huA hai jaba ki amAvasyA A gaI thI aura usakA sArA kRtya-nirvANapUjA aura dehasaMskArAdi-amAvasyAko hI prAtaHkAla Adike samaya bhugatA hai| isIse kArtikakI amAvasyA Ama taura para nirvANakI tithi kahalAtI hai| aura cUMki vaha rAtri caturdazIkI thI isase caturdazIko nirvANa kahanA bhI kucha asaMgata mAlUma nahIM hotA / mahApurANameM guNabhadrAcArya ne bhI "kArtikakRSNapakSasya caturdazyAM nizAtyaye" isa vAkyake dvArA kRSNa caturdazIkI rAtri ko usa samaya nirvANakA honA batalAyA hai jaba ki rAtri samAptike karIba thii| usI rAtrike aMdheremeM, jise jinasenane harivaMzapurANameM "kRSNabhUtasuprabhAtasaMdhyAsamaye" padake dvArA ullekhita kiyA hai, devendroM dvArA dIpAvalI prajvalita karake nirvANapUjA kiye jAnekA ullekha hai aura vaha pUjA dhavalake ukta vAkyAnusAra amAvasyAko kI gaI hai| isase caturdazIkI rAtrike antima bhAgameM amAvasyA A gaI thI yaha spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai / aura isa liye amAvasyA ko nirvANa batalAnA bahuta yukti yukta hai, usIkA zrIpUjyapAdAcAryane "kArtikakRSNasyAnte" padake dvArA ullekha kiyA hai|

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13 mahAvIra-paricaya svAti nakSatrake samaya, nirvANa-padako prApta karake Apa sadAke liye ajara, amara tathA akSaya saukhyako prApta ho gaye * / isIkA nAma videhamukti, Atyantika svAtmasthiti, pariparNa siddhAvasthA athavA niSkala-paramAtmapadakI prApti hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra prAyaH 72 varSakI avasthA meM apane isa antima dhyeyako prApta karake lokApavAsI hue| aura Aja unhIMkA tIrtha pravarta rahA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIrakA yaha saMkSepameM sAmAnya paricaya hai, jisameM prAyaH kisIko bhI koI khAsa vivAda nahIM hai / bhagavajjIvanIko ubhaya sampradAya sambandhI kucha vivAdagrasta athavA mata* jaisA ki zrIpUjyapAdake nimna vAkyase bhI prakaTa hai:"padmavanadIrghikAkulavivivadrumakhaNDamaNDite ramye / pAvAnagarodyAne vyutsargeNa sthitaH sa muniH // 16 // kArtikakRSNasyAnte svAtAvRkSe nihatya karma rajaH / avazeSa saMprApad vyajarAmaramakSayaM saukhyam // 17 // " -nirvANabhakti / x dhavala aura jayadhavala nAmake siddhAnta granthoM meM mahAvIrakI Ayu, kucha AcAryoMke matAnusAra, 71 varSa 3 mahIne 25 dinakI bhI vatalAI hai aura usakA lekhA isa prakAra diyA hai : garbhakAla = mAsa 8 dina, kumArakAla = 28 varSa 7 mAsa 12 dina, chAstha-(tapazcaraNa-) kAla =12 varSa 5 mAsa 15 dina, kevala-(vihAra) kAla = 26 varSa 5 mAsa 20 din| isa lekheke kumArakAlameM eka varSakI kamI jAna par3atI hai, kyoMki vaha Ama taura para prAyaH 30 varSakA mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare, isa Ayu meMse yadi garbhakAlako nikAla diyA jAya, jisakA loka vyavahArameM grahaNa nahIM hotA to vaha 70 varSa kucha mahInekI hI raha jAtI hai aura itanI Ayuke liye 72 varSakA vyavahAra nahIM bntaa|

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14 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya bhedavAlI bAtoMko maiMne pahalese hI chor3a diyA hai / unake liye isa choTese nibandhameM sthAna bhI kahA~ ho sakatA hai ? ve to gahare anusaMdhAnako liye hue eka vistRta AlocanAtmaka nibandhameM acche UhApoha athavA vivecanake sAtha hI dikhalAI jAneke yogya haiN| dezakAlakI paristhiti deza-kAlakI jisa paristhitine mahAvIra bhagavAnko utpanna kiyA usake sambandhameM bhI do zabda kaha denA yahA~ para ucita jAna par3atA hai / mahAvIra bhagavAnke avatArase pahale dezakA vAtAvaraNa bahuta hI kSubdha, pIr3ita tathA saMtrasta ho rahA thA; dIna-durbala khUba satAe jAtethe; U~ca-nIcakI bhAvanAe~ joroM para thIM; zUdroMse pazuoMjaisA vyavahAra hotA thA, unheM koI sammAna yA adhikAra prApta nahIM thA, ve zikSA dIkSA aura ucca saMskRtike adhikArI hI nahIM mAne jAte the aura unake viSaya meM bahuta hI nirdaya tathA ghAtaka niyama pracalita the; striyA~ bhI kAphI taura para satAI jAtI thIM, ucca zikSAse vaMcita rakkhI jAtI thIM, unake viSayameM "na strI svAtaMtryamarhati" (strI svataMtratAkI adhikAriNI nahIM) jaisI kaThora AjJAe~ nArI thIM aura unheM yatheSTa mAnavI adhikAra prApta nahIM the-bahutoMkI dRSTimeM to ve kevala bhogakI vastu, vilAsakI cIz2a, puruSakI sampatti athavA baccA jananekI mazInamAtra raha gaI thIM; brAhmaNoMne dharmAnuSThAna Adike saba U~ce U~ce adhikAra apane lie rijarva rakha chor3e the-dUsare logoMko ve unakA pAtra hI nahIM samajhate thesarvatra unhIMkI tatI bolatI thI,zAsana vibhAgameM bhI unhoMne apane lie khAsa riAyateM prApta kara rakkhI thI-ghorase ghora pApa aura bar3ese bar3A aparAdha kara lene para bhI unheM prANadaNDa nahIM diyA jAtA thA, jaba ki dUsaroMko eka sAdhAraNase aparAdha para bhI

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dezakAlakI paristhiti phA~sI para car3hA diyA jAtA thA; brAhmaNoMke bigar3e hue jAti-bhedakI durgaMdhase dezakA prANa ghaTa rahA thA aura usakA vikAsa ruka rahA thA, khuda unake abhimAna tathA jAti-madane unheM patita kara diyA thA aura unameM lobha-lAlaca, daMbha, ajJAnatA, akarmaNyatA, karatA tathA dhUrtatAdi durguNoMkA nirvAsa ho gayA thA; ve rizvateM athavA dakSiNAe~ lekara paralokake lie sarTiphikeTa aura parvAne taka dene lage the; dharmakI asalI bhAvanAe~ prAyaH lupta ho gaI thIM aura unakA sthAna artha-hIna kriyAkANDoM tathAthothe vidhividhAnoMne le liyA thA; bahutase devI-devatAoMkI kalpanA prabala ho uThI thI, unake saMtuSTa karanemeM hI sArA samaya calA jAtA thA aura unheM pazuoMkI baliyA~ taka car3hAI jAtI thIM; dharmake nAma para sarvatra yajJa-yAgAdika karma hote the aura unameM asaMkhya pazuoMko homA jAtA thA-jIvita prANI dhadhakatI huI AgameM DAla diye jAte the -aura unakA svarga jAnA batalAkara athavA 'vaidikI hiMsA hiMsA na bhavati' kahakara logoMko bhulAve meM DAlA jAtA thA aura unheM aise kara kamoM ke liye uttejita kiyA jAtA thaa| sAtha hI, bali tathA yajJake bahAne loga mAMsa khAte the / isa taraha dezameM cahu~ ora anyAya-atyAcArakA sAmrAjya thA-bar3A hI bIbhatsa tathA karuNa dRzya upasthita thA-satya kucalA jAtA thA, dharma apamAnita ho rahA thA, pIr3itoMkI bAhoMke dhue~se AkAza vyApta thA aura sarvatra asantoSa hI asantoSa phailA huA thaa| ___yaha saba dekha kara sajjanoMkA hRdaya talamalA uThA thA, dhArmikoM ko rAtadina caina nahIM par3atA thA aura pIr3ita vyakti atyAcAroMse Uba kara trAhi trAhi kara rahe the / saboMkI hRdaya taMtriyoMse 'ho koI avatAra nayA'ko eka hI dhvani nikala rahI thI aura saboMkI dRSTi eka aise asAdhAraNa mahAtmAkI ora lagI huI thI jo unheM

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16 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya hastAvalambana dekara isa ghora vipattise nikAle / ThIka isI samaya Ajase koI DhAI hajAra varSase bhI pahale-prAcI dizAmeM bhagavAn mahAvIra bhAskarakA udaya huA, dizAe~ prasanna ho uThI, svAsthyakara maMda sugaMdha pavana bahane lagA, sajjana dharmAtmAoM tathA pIDitoMke mukhamaMDala para zrAzAkI rekhA dIkha par3I, unake hRdayakamala khila gaye aura unakI nasanAr3iyoMmeM RturAja (vasaMta)ke AgamanakAlajaisA navarasakA saMcAra hone lgaa| mahAvIrakA uddhArakArya mahAvIra ne loka-sthitikA anubhava kiyA, logoMkI ajJAnatA, svArthaparatA, unake vahama, unakA andhavizvAsa, aura unake kutsita vicAra evaM durvyavahArako dekhakara unheM bhArI duHkha tathA kheda huaa| sAtha hI, pIr3itoMkI karuNa pukArako suna kara unake hRdayase dayAkA akhaMDa srota baha niklaa| unhoMne lokoddhArakA saMkalpa kiyA, lokoddhArakA saMparNa bhAra uThAneke liye apanI sAmarthyako tolA aura usameM jo truTi thI use bAraha varSake usa ghora tapazcaraNake dvArA pUrA kiyA jisakA abhI ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| - isake bAda saba prakArase zaktisampanna hokara mahAvIrane lokoddhArakA siMhanAda kiyA-lokameM pracalita sabhI anyAyaatyAcAroM, kuvicAroM tathA durAcAroMke viruddha AvAja uThAI aura apanA prabhAva sabase pahale brAhmaNa vidvAnoM para DAlA, jo usa vakta dezake 'sarve sarvAH' bane hue the aura jinake sudharane para dezakA sudharanA bahuta kucha sukhasAdhya ho sakatA thA / Apake isa paTu siMhanAdako sunakara, jo ekAntakA nirasana karane vAle syAdvAdakI vicAra-paddhatiko liye hue thA, logoMkA tattvajJAnaviSayaka bhrama dUra huA, unheM apanI bhUleM mAlUma par3I, dharma-adharma:

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. . . .: mahAvIrakA uddhArakArya ... 15 ke yathArtha svarUpakA paricaya milA, AtmA-anAtmAkA bheda spaSTa huA aura bandha-mokSakA sArA rahasya jAna pdd'aa| sAtha hI, jhaLa devI-devatAoM tathA hiMsaka yajJAdikoM parase unakI zraddhA haTI aura unheM yaha bAta sApha jaeNca gaI ki hamArA utthAna aura patana hamAre hI hAthameM hai, usake liye kisI gupta zaktikI kalpanA karake usI: ke bharose baiTha rahanA athavA usako doSa denA anucita aura mithyA hai / isake sivAya, jAtibhedakI kaTTaratA miTI, udAratA prakaTI, logoMke hRdayameM sAmyavAdakI bhAvanAe~ dRDha huI aura unheM apane AtmotkarSakA mArga sajha par3A / sAtha hI, brAhmaNa garuoMkA Asana DAla gayA, unameMse indrabha ta-gautama jaise kitane hI diggaja vidvAnoMne bhagavAna ke prabhAvasa prabhAvita ho kara unakI samIcIna dharmadezanAko svIkAra kiyA aura ve saba prakArase unake pare anuyAyI bana gaye / bhagavAnnaM unheM 'gaNadhara ke pada para niyukta kiyA aura apane saMghakA bhAra sauNpaa| unake sAtha unakA bahuta bar3A ziSyasamudAya tathA dUsare brAhaNa aura anya dharmAnayAyI bhI jainadharmameM dIkSita hogaye / isa bhArI vijayase kSatriya guruoM aura jainadharmakI prabhAva-vaddhi ke sAtha sAtha tatkAlIna (kriyAkANDI) brAhmaNadharmakI prabhA kSINa huI, brAhmaNoMkI zakti ghaTI, unake atyAcAroMmeM roka huI, yajJa-yAgAdika karma maMda par3a gaye-unameM pazuoMke pratinidhiyoMkI bhI kalpanA hone lagI-zra.ra brAhmaNoM ke laukika svArtha tathA jAti-pAMtike bhedako bahuta bar3A dhakkA phuNcaa| parantu niraMkuzatAke kAraNa unakA patana jisa tejI se ho rahA thA vaha ruka gayA aura unheM socane-vicAranekA athavA apane dharma tathA pariNatimeM pheraphAra karanekA avasara milaa| ___ mahAvIrakI isa dharmadezanA aura vijayake sambandhameM kavisa mrATa DAvIndranAtha TAgorane jodo zabda kahe haiM ve isaprakAra haiM:

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18 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya Mahavira proclaimed in India the message of Salvation that religion is a reality and not a mere social convention, that salvation comes from taking refuge in that true religion, and not from observing the external ceremonies of tbe community, that religion can not regard any, barrier between man and wan as an eternal verity. Wondrous to relate, this teaching rapidly ove:topped the barriers of the races' abiding instinct and conquered the whole country. For a long period now the influence of Kshatriya teachers completely suppressed the Brahmin power. arthAt-mahAvIrane DaMkeko coTa bhAratameM muktikA aisA saMdeza ghoSita kiyA ki-dharma yaha koI mahaja sAmAjika rUDhi nahIM balki vAstavika satya hai-vastu svabhAva hai, aura mukti usa dharma meM Azraya lenese hI mila sakatI hai, na ki samAjake bAhya zrAcAroMkA-vidhividhAnoM athavA kriyAkAMDoMkA-pAlana karanese, aura yaha ki dharmako dRSTimeM manuSya manuSyake bIca koI bheda sthAyI nahIM raha sakatA / kahate Azcarya hotA hai ki isa zikSaNane baddhamUla huI jAtiko hada bandiyoMko zIghra hI tor3a DAlA aura saMparNa deza para vijaya prApta kiyA / isa vakta kSatriya garuoMke prabhAvane bahuta samayake liye brAhmaNoMkI sattAko pUrI taurase davA diyA thA / isI taraha lokamAnya tilaka zrAdi dezake dUsare bhI kitanehI prasiddha hindU vidvAnoMne, ahiMsAdikake viSayameM, mahAvIra bhagavAn athavA unake dharmakI brAhmaNa dharma para gaharI chApakA honA svIkAra kiyA hai, jinake vAkyoMko yahA~ para uddhata karanekI jarUrata nahIM

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vIra-zAsanakI vizeSatA 19 hai-aneka patroM tathA pamtakoMmeM ve chapa cake haiN| mahAtmA gA~dhI to muktakaNThase bha0mahAvIrake prazaMsaka bane hue haiM / videzI vidvAnoMke bhI bahutase vAkya mahAvIrako yogyatA, unake prabhAva aura unake zAsanakI mahimA-sambaMdhameM uddhata kiye jA sakate haiM parantu unheM bhI chor3A jAtA hai| vIra-zAsanakI vizeSatA bhagavAna mahAvIrane saMsArameM sukha-zAnti sthira rakhane aura janatA___kA vikAsa siddha karaneke liye cAra mahAsiddhAntoMkI1 ahiMsAvAda, 2 sAmyavAda, 3 anekAntavAda (syAdvAda) aura 4 karmavAda nAmaka mahAsatyoMkI-ghoSaNA kI hai aura inake dvArA janatAko nimna bAtoMkI zikSA dI hai : 1nirbhaya-nirvaira raha kara zAMtike sAtha jInA tathA dUsaroMko jIne denaa| 2 rAga-dveSa-ahaMkAra tathA anyAya para vijaya prApta karanA aura anucita bheda-bhAvako tyAganA / 3 sarvatomukhI vizAla dRSTi prApta karake athavA naya-pramANakA sahArA lekara satyakA nirNaya tathA virodhakA parihAra karanA / 4 'apanA utthAna aura patana apane hAthameM hai' aisA samajhate hue, svAvalambI banakara apanA hita aura utkarSa sAdhanA tathA dUsaroMke hita-sAdhanameM madada krnaa| ___ sAtha hI, samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritrakotInoMke samuccayako-mokSako prAptikA eka upAya athavA mArga batalAyA hai| ye saba siddhAMta itane gahana, vizAla tathA mahAna haiM aura inakI vistRta vyAkhyAoM tathA gambhIra vivecanAoMse itane jaina grantha bhare hue haiM ki inake svarUpAdi-viSayameM yahA~ koI

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20 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya calatI sI bAta kahanA inake gauravako ghaTAne athavA inake prati kucha anyAya karane jaisA hogaa| aura isaliye isa choTese nibandha meM inake svarUpAdikA na likhA jAnA kSamA kiye jAneke yogya hai| ina para to alaga hI vistRta nibandhoMke likhe jAnekI jarUrata hai| hA~, svAmI samantabhadrake nimna vAkyAnusAra itanA jarUra batalAnA hogA ki mahAvIra bhagavAnkA zAsana naya pramANake dvArA vastutattvako bilakula spaSTa karane vAlA aura saMparNa pravAdiyoMke dvArA abAdhya honeke sAtha sAtha dayA ( ahiMsA), dama (saMyama ), tyAga aura samAdhi (prazasta dhyAna) ina cAroMkI tatparatAko liye hue hai, aura yahI saba usakI vizeSatA hai athavA isIliye vaha advitIya hai:dayA dama-tyAga-samAdhiniSThaM, naya-pramANa-prakRtAMjasArtham / adhRSyamanyairakhilaiH pravArjina tvadIyaM matamadvitIyam // 6 // -yukta yanuzAsana / : isa vAkyameM 'dayA'ko sabase pahalA sthAna diyA gayA hai aura vaha ThIka hI hai / jaba taka dayA athavA ahiMsAkI bhAvanA nahIM taba taka saMyamameM pravRtti nahIM hotI, jaba taka saMyamameM pravRtti nahIM taba taka tyAga nahIM banatA aura jaba taka tyAga nahIM taba taka samAdhi nahIM bntii| parva parva dharma uttarottara dharmakA nimitta kAraNa hai / isaliye dharmameM dayAko pahalA sthAna prApta hai / aura isIse 'dharmasya mUlaM dayA' Adi vAkyoMke dvArA dayAko dharmakA mUla kahA gayA hai| ahiMsAko 'parama dharma' kahanekI bhI yahI vajaha hai| aura use parama dharma hI nahIM kintu 'parama brahma' bhI kahA gayA hai; jaisA ki svAmI samantabhadrake nimna vAkyame prakaTa hai:"ahiMsA bhUtAnAM jagati viditaM brahma paramaM / ". -svyNbhuustotr|

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21. vIra-zAsanako vizeSatA aura isa liye jo parama brahmakI ArAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai use ahiMsAkI upAsanA karanI cAhiye-rAga-dveSakI nivRtti, dayA, paropakAra athavA lokasevAke kAmoMmeM laganA cAhiye / manuSyameM jaba taka hiMsakavRtti banI rahatI hai taba taka AtmagaNoMkA ghAta hone ke sAtha sAtha "pApAH sarvatra zaMkitAH" kI nItike anusAra usameM bhayakA yA pratihiMsAkI AzaMkAkA sadbhAva banA rahatA hai / jahA~ bhayakA sadbhAva vahA~ vIratvaM nahIM-samyaktva nahIM * aura jahA~ vIratva nahIM-samyaktva nahIM vahA~ AtmoddhArakA mAma nhiiN| athavA yoM kahiye ki bhayameM saMkoca hotA hai aura saMkoca vikAsako rokane vAlA hai| isa liye AtmoddhAra athavA AtmavikAsake liye ahiMsAkI bahuta bar3I jarUrata hai aura vaha vIratAkA cinha hai-kAyaratAkA nahIM / kAyaratAkA AdhAra prAyaH bhaya hotA hai, isa liye kAyara mananya ahiMsA dharmakA pAtra nahIMusameM ahiMsA Thahara nahIM sakatI / vaha vIroMke hI yogya hai aura isI liye mahAvIrake dharma meM usako pradhAna sthAna prApta hai / jo loga ahiMsA para kAyaratAkA kalaMka lagAte haiM unhoMne vAstavameM ahiMsAke rahasyako samajhA hI nahIM / ve apanI nirbalatA aura Atma-vismRtike kAraNa kaSAyoMse abhibhata hue kAyaratAko vIratA aura AtmAke krodhAdika-rUpa patanako hI usakA utthAna samajha baiThe haiM ! aise logoMkI sthiti, niHsandeha bar3I hI karuNAjanaka hai| * isIse samyagdRSTiko sapta prakArake bhayoMse rahita batalAyA hai aura bhayako mithyAtvakA cinha tathA svAnubhavakI kSatikA pariNama sUcita kiyA hai| yathA: "nApi spRSTo suraSTiyaH rA saptabhirbhayairmanAk // " "tato bhItyA'numayo'sti mithyAbhAvo jinaagmaav| sA ca bhItiravazyaM syAhetoH svAnubhavakSateH // " . -pNcaadhyaayii|

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22 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya sarvodaya tIrtha svAmI samantabhadrane bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake zAsanake sambandha meM aura bhI kitanaM hI bahumUlya vAkya kahe haiM jinameM se eka sundara vAkya maiM yahA~ para aura uddhRta kara denA cAhatA hU~ aura vaha isa prakAra hai :-- sarvAntavattadguNamukhyakalpaM, sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'napetam / sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantaM, sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva // 61 // -yuktynushaasn| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake zAsana athavA unake paramAgama. lakSaNa-rUpa vAkyakA svarUpa batalAte hue jo use hI saMpUrNa pApadAoMkA aMta karane vAlA aura saboMke abhyudayakA kAraNa tathA pUrNa abhyudayakA--vikAsakA hetu aisA sarvodaya tIrtha' batalAyA hai vaha bilakula ThIka hai / mahAvIra bhagavAnakA zAsana anekAntake prabhAvase sakala durnayoM tathA mithyAdarzanoMkA anta (nirasana) karanevAlA hai aura ye durnaya tathA mithyAdarzana ho saMsArameM aneka zArIrika tathA mAnasika duHkharUpI ApadAoMke kAraNa hote haiM / isa liye jo loga bhagavAna mahAvIrake zAsanakA-unake dharmakAAzraya lete haiM--use pUrNatayA apanAte haiM unake mithyAdarzanAdika dUra hokara samasta duHkha miTa jAte haiM / aura ve isa dharma ke prasAdase apanA parNa abhyadaya siddha kara sakate haiN| mahAvIrakI orase isa dharmakA dvAra sabake liye khulA huA hai * / nIcase nIca kahA * jaisA ki jainagranthoMke ninna vAkyoMse dhvanita hai :(1) "dIkSAyogyAstrayo varNAzcaturthazca vidhocitH| manovAkAyadharmAya matAH sarve'pi jantavaH // "

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. sarvodaya tIrtha . [pRSTha 22 ke phuTanoTa kA zeSa bhAga "uccAvacajanaprAyaH samayo'yaM jinezinAM / naiskimanpuruSa tiSThedekastambha ivAlayaH // " -yazastilake, somdevH| (2) "AcArA'navadyatvaM zucirupaskAraH zarIrazahizca karoti zUdAnapi devadvijAtitapasviparikarmasuyogyAn / " nItivAkyAmRte, somadevaH / (3) "zUdo'pyupaskarAcAravapuH zudhyA'stu tAdRzaH / jAtyA hIno'pi kAlAdilabdhau hyAtmAsti dharmabhAk" 2-22 // -sAgAra dharmAmRte, praashaavrH| ina sava vAkyoMkA Azaya kramazaH isa prakAra hai :(1) brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya ye tInoM varNa (Ama taura para)munidIkSAke yogya haiM aura cauthA zUdra varNa vidhike dvArA dIkSAke yogya hai / (vAstavameM ) mana-vacana-kAyase kiye jAne vAle dharmakA anuSThAna karaneke liye sabhI jIva adhikArI haiN|' 'jinendrakA yaha dharma prAyaH U~ca aura nIca donoM hI prakArake manuSyoMke Azrita hai, eka staMbhake AdhAra para jaise makAna nahIM ThaharatA usI prakAra U~ca-nIcameMse kisI eka hI prakArake manuSyasamUhake AdhAra para dharma ThaharA huA nahIM hai|' -yazastilaka __ (2) 'madya-mAMsAdikake tyAgarUpa AcArakI nidoSatA, gRha pAtrAdikakI pavitratA aura nitya-snAnAdike dvArA zarIrazudi ye tInoM pravRttiyA~ (vidhiyA~ ) zUdroMko bhI deva, dvijAti aura tapasviyoMke parikarmoMke yogya banA detI haiN|' -nItivAkyAmRta / (3) 'Asana aura vartana Adi upakaraNa jisake zuddha hoM,mA-mAMsAdike tyAgase jisakA AcaraNa pavitraho aura nitya snAnAdike dvArA jisakA zarIra zuddha rahatA ho, aisA zUda bhI brAhmaNAdika varNoM ke sahaza dharmakA pAlana karaneke yogya hai kyoMki jAtise hIna bhAtmA bhI kAlAdika labdhiko pAkara jainadharmakA adhikArI hotA hai| -sAgAradharmAmRta /

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24 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya jAne vAlA manuSya bhI ise dhAraNa karake isI lokameM ati ucca bana sakatA hai ke| isako dRSTi meM koI jAti garhina nahIM--tiraskAra kiye jAneke yogya nahIM- sarvatra guNoMkI pajyatA hai, ve hI kalyANakArI haiM, aura isIse isa dharma meM eka cAMDAlako bhI tase yukta hone para 'brAhmaNa' tathA samyagdarzanase yukta hone para 'deva' mAnA gayA hai / yaha dharma ina brAhmaNAdika jAti-bhedoMko tathA dUsare cANDAlAdi vizeSAMko vAstavika hI nahIM mAnatA kintu vRtti athavA AcArabhedake AdhAra para kalpita evaM parivartanazIla AnatA hai aura yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki apane yogya guNoMkI utpatti para jAti utpanna hotI hai aura unake nAza para naSTa ho jAtI hai / * yo loke tvA nataH so'tihiino'pytiguruyNtH| vAlo'pi tvA zritaM nauti ko no nItipuruH kutaH // 82 // -jinazatake, samantabhadraH / x "na jAtirhitA kAcid guNAH kalyANakAraNaM / vratasthamapi cANDAlaM taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH // 11-203 // " -paacarite, raviSeNaH / "samyagdarzanasampannamapi maatNgdehrj| devA devaM vidurbhasmagUDhAMgArAntajasam" // 28 // -ratnaraNDake, samantabhadraH / + "cAturvaNyaM yathAnyacca cANDAlAdivizeSaNaM / sarvamAcArabhedena prasiddhiM bhuvane gataM" // 11--205 // -panacarite, rvissnnH| "prAcAramAtrabhedena jAtInAM bhedakalpanaM / na jAtiriNIyAsti niyatA kApi tAtvikI" // 17-24 // "guNaiH sampadyate jAtirguNadhvaMsaivipadyate / ... // 32 // dharmaparIkSAyAM, amitgtiH| Shree Sudharmaswami Gyanbhandar-Umara, Surat ___www.umaragyanbhandar.com

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sarvodaya tIrtha ina jAtiyoMkA prAkRti zrAdike bhedako liye hue koI zAzvata lakSaNa bhI go-azvAdi jAtiyoMkI taraha manuSya-zarIrameM nahIM pAyA jAtA, pratyata isake zUdrAdike yogase brAhmaNI AdikameM garbhAdhAnakI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, jo vAstavika jAtibhedake viruddha hai / / isI taraha jArajakA bhI koI cinha zarIrameM nahIM hotA, jisase umakI koI judI jAti kalpita kI jAya, aura na mahaz2a vyabhicArajAta honakI vajahase hI koI manuSya nIca kahA jA sakatA hai-nIcatAkA kAraNa isa dharma meM 'anArya AcaraNa' athavA 'malacchAcAra' mAnA gayA hai * / vastutaH saba manuSyoMkI eka hI manuSya jAti isa dharmako abhISTa hai, jo 'manaSyajAti' nAmaka nAma karmake udayase hotI hai, aura isa dRSTise saba manuSya samAna haiM ApasameM bhAI bhAI haiM aura unheM isa dharmake dvArA apane vikAsakA parA paga adhikAra prApta hai| isake sivAya, kisIke kulameM kabhI koI doSa lagagayA ho usakI zuddhikI, aura mlacchoM takakI + "varNAkatyAdibhedAnAM deha'smina ca darzanAt / bAbaNyAdiSu zAyargarbhAvAnapravartanAt // nAstijAti to bhedo manuSyANAM gavA'zvavat / bhAkRtigrahaNAtasmAdanyathA parikalpate // -mahApurANe, guNabhadraH / * cinhAni viTajAtasya santi nAMgeSu kAnicit / anAryamAcaran kiMcijAyate niicgocrH|| -paacarite, raviSeNaH / * manuSyajAtirekaiva jaatikmodyodbhvaa|| vRttibhedA hi tabhedAcAtuvidhyamihAznute // 38-45 / / -AdipurANe, jinsenH| "vipakSatriyaviTzadAH proktAH kriyAvizetaH / jainadharme parAH zaktAste sarva baandhv.pmaaH|| -dharmaramike, sNmisenoddhRtH|

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya kulazuddhi karake unheM apane meM milA lene tathA muni-dIkSA Adike dvArA Upara uThAneko spaSTa AjJAe~bhI isa zAsanameM pAI jAtI haiN| * jaisA ki nimna vAkyoMse prakaTa hai :1. kutazcitkAraNAdyasya kulaM samprAptadUSaNaM / sopi rAjAdisammatyA zodhayetsvaM yadA kulam // 40-168 / / tadA'syopanayAhatvaM putrapautrAdisantatau / na niSiddhaM hi dIkSA kule cedasya pUrvajAH // -166 / / 2. svadeze'nakSaramlecchAn prjaanaadhaavidhaayinH| kulazuddhipradAnAdyaiH svsaakuryaadupkrmaiH|| 42-176 / / -AdipurANe, jinasenaH / 3. "malecchabhUmijamanupyANAM sakalasaMyamagrahaNaM kathaM bhavatIti nAzaMkitavyaM / digvijayakAle cakravartinA saha AryakhaNDamAgatAnAM mleccharAjAnAM cakravAdibhiH saha jAtavaivAhikasambandhAnAM saMyamapratipattaravirodhAt / athavA tatkanyAnAM cakravartyAdipariNItAnAM garbheSatpannatya mAtRpakSApekSayA mlecchavyapadezabhAjaH saMyamasaMbhavAt tathAjAtIyakAnAM dIkSAhatve pratiSedhAbhAvAta // " -labdhisAraTIkA (gAthA 163 vIM) [noTa-mlecchoMkI dIkSA-yogyatA, sakalasaMyama-grahaNakI pAtratA aura unake sAtha vaivAhika sambadhAdikA yaha saba vidhAna jayadhavala siddhAntameM bhI isI kramase prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASAmeM diyA hai / vahIM parase bhASAdirUpa thor3AsA zabda-parivartana karake labdhisAraTIkAmeM liyA gayA mAlUma hotA hai / jaisA ki dhayadhavalake nimna zabdoMse prakaTa hai :--] "jai evaM kudo tattha saMjmaggahaNasaMbhavo ttiNAsaMkaNija / disAvijaya payaTacakvahi khaMdhAvAreNa saha majhimakhaMDamArayANaM milecchaeyANaM tattha cakavaTi AdIhiM saha jAdavevAhiyasaMbaMdhANaM saMjamapaDivatIe virohAbhAvAdI / mahavA tattatkanyakAnAM cakravatyAdipariNItAnAM garbheSatpanA mAtRpakSApekSayA svayamakarmabhUmijA itIha vivakSitAH tato na kiNcidviprtissih| tathAjAtIyakAnAM dIkSArhatve prtissedhaabhaavaaditi|''- jayathavala,pArA-prati, patra 827-28

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sarvodaya tIrtha aura isa liye yaha zAsana sacamuca hI 'sarvodaya tIrthake padako prApta hai-isa padake yogya isameM sArI hI yogyatAe~ maujUda haiMhara koI bhavya jIva isakA samyaka Azraya lekara saMsArasamudrase pAra utara sakatA hai| parantu yaha samAjakA aura dezakA durbhAgya hai jo Aja hamane -jinake hAthoM daivayogase yaha tIrtha par3A hai isa mahAna tIrthakI mahimA tathA upayogitAko bhalA diyA hai| ise apanA gharela, kSudra yA asarvodaya tIrthakA sA rUpa dekara isake cAroM tarafa U~cI U~cI dIvAreM khar3I kara dI haiM aura isake phATakameM tAlA DAla diyA hai / hama loga na to khuda hI isase ThIka lAbha uThAte haiM aura na dUsaroM ko lAbha uThAne dete haiM-mahaz2a apane thor3ese vinoda athavA krIr3A ke sthala-rUpameM hI hamane ise rakha chor3A hai aura usIkA yaha pariNAma hai ki jisa 'sarvodaya' tIrtha para rAta dina upAsakoMkI bhIr3a aura yAtriyoMkA melA sA lagA rahanA cAhiye thA vahA~ Aja sannATA sA chAyA huA hai, jainiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI aMgaliyoM para ginane lAyaka raha gaI hai aura jo jainI kahe jAte haiM unameM bhI jainatvakA prAyaH koI spaSTa lakSaNa dikhalAI nahIM par3atA-kahIM bhI dayA, dama, tyAga aura samAdhiko tatparatA najara nahIM AtIlogoMko mahAvIrake saMdezakI hI khabara nahIM, aura isIse saMsArameM sarvatra duHkha hI duHkha phailA huA hai| ___ aisI hAlatameM aba khAsa jarUrata hai ki isa tIrthakA uddhAra kiyA jAya, isakI saba rukAvaToMko dUra kara diyA jAya, isa para khule prakAza tathA khulI havAkI vyavasthA kI jAya, isakA phATaka saboMke liye haravakta khulA rahe, saboMke liye isa tIrtha taka pahu~cane kA mArga sugama kiyA jAya, isake taToM tathA ghAToMkI marammata. karAI jAya, banda rahane tathA arse taka yatheSTa vyavahArameM na Aneke

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28 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya kAraNa tIrtha jala para jo kucha kAI jama gaI hai athavA usameM kahIM kahIM zaivAla utpanna ho gayA hai use nikAla kara dUra kiyA jAya aura sarvasAdhAraNako isa tIrtha ke mAhAtmyakA pUrA pUrA paricaya karAyA jaay| aisA hone para athavA isa rUpameM isa tIrthakA uddhAra kiyA jAne para Apa dekheMge ki deza-dezAntarake kitane bezumAra yAtriyoMkI isa para bhIr3a rahatI hai. kitane vidvAna isa para mugdha hote haiM, kitane asaMkhya prANI isakA Azraya pAkara aura isameM avagAhana karake apane duHkha-saMtApoMse chuTakArA pAte haiM aura saMsArameM kaisI sukha-zAMtikI lahara vyApta hotI hai / svAmI samantabhadrane apane samayameM, jise Aja Der3ha hajAra varSase bhI Upara ho gaye haiM, aisA hI kiyA hai aura isIse kanaDI bhASAke eka prAcIna zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki 'svAmI samantabhadra bha0 mahAvIrake tIrthakI hajA gunI vRddhi karate hue udayako prApta hue'arthAta, unhoMne usake prabhAvako sAre deza-dezAntaroM vyAna kara diyA thA / Aja bhI vaisA hI honA cAhiye / yahI bhagavAn mahAvIrako saccI upAsanA, saccI bhakti aura unakI saccI jayantI manAnA hogaa| mahAvIrake isa anekAnta-zAsana-rUpa tIrthameM yaha khUbI khuda maujada hai ki isase bharapeTa athavA yatheSTa dveSa rakhane vAlA manuSya bhI yadi samadRSTi (madhyasthavatti) huA upapatti-cakSuse (mAtsayake tyAgapUrvaka yaktisaMgata samAdhAnakI dRSTise) isakA avalokana aura parIkSaNa karatA hai to avazya hI usakA mAna-zRMga khaNDita ho jAtA hai-sarvathA ekAntarUpa mithyAmatakA Agraha chUTa jAtA hai aura vaha abhadra athavA mithyAdRSTi hotA huA bhI saba orase ___* yaha zilAlekha belara tAllukekA zilAlekha nambara 17 hai, jo rAmAnujAcArya-mandirake ahAteke andara saumyanAyakI-mandirakI chata ke eka patthara para utkIrNa hai aura zaka saMvat 1056 kA likhA huA hai| dekho,epigrephikA karNATikAkI jilda pA~cavIM,athavA svAmI samantabhadra (itihAsa)pRSTha 46vA~ /

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- - - mahAvIra sandeza 29 bhadrarUpa evaM samyagdRSTi bana jaataahai| athavA yUM kahiye ki bhanmahAvIrake zAsana-tItha kA upAsaka aura anuyAyI ho jAtA hai| isI 'bAtako svAmI samantabhadra ne apane nimna vAkya-dvArAvyakta kiyAhai kAmaM dviSanapyupapaticakSuH samIkSatAM te samadRSTiriSTam / tvayi dhruvaM khaNDitamAnago bhavatyabhadro'pi spntbhdrH|| -yuktacanuzAsana / ataH isa tIrthake pracAra-viSayameM jarA bhI saMkocakI jarUrata nahIM hai, parNa udAratAke sAtha isakA uparyukta rItise yogyapracArakoMke dvArA khulA pracAra honA cAhiye aura saboMko isa tIrthako parIkSAkA tathA isake gaNoMko mAlama karake isase yatheSTa lAbha uThAnakA pUrA avasara diyA jAnA cAhiye / yogya pracArakoMkA yaha kAma hai ki ve jaise taise janatAmeM madhyasthabhAvako jAgrata kareM, IrSA-SAdirUpa matsara bhAvako haTAe~, hRdayoMko yuktiyoMse saMskArita kara udAra banAe~, unameM satyakI jijJAsA utpanna kareM aura usa satyakI darzanaprAptike liye logoMko samAdhAna dRSTiko kholeN| mahAvIra sandeza hamArA isa vakta yaha khAsa kartavya hai ki hama bhagavAna mahAvIrake sandezako-unake zikSAmamUhako-mAlama kareM, usa para khuda amala kareM aura dUsaroMse amala karAneke liye usakA ghara gharameM pracAra kareM / bahutase jainazAstroMkA adhyayana, manana aura mathana karane para mujhe bhagavAna mahAvIrakA jo sandeza mAlama huA hai use maiMne eka choTIsI kavitAmeM nibaddha kara diyA hai / yahA~ para usakA dediyA jAnA bhI kucha anucita na hogaa| usase thor3emeM hI-satrarUpasemahAvIra bhagavAnakI bahutasI zikSAoMkA anubhava hosakegAaura una para calakara unheM apane jIvana meM utArakara-hama apanA tathA dUsaroM kA bahuta kucha hita sAdhana kara sakeMge / vaha saMdeza isa prakAra hai:--

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya yahI hai mahAvIra-sandeza / vipulAcala para diyA gayA jo pramukha dharma-upadeza / yahI0 // "saba jIvoMko tuma apanAo, hara unake dukha-kleza / asadbhAva rakkho na kisIse, ho ari kyoM na vizeSa // 1 // vairIkA uddhAra zreSTha hai, kIje savidhi-vizeSa / vaira chuTe, upaje mati jisase, vahI yatna yatneza // 2 // ghaNA pApase ho, pApIse nahIM kabhI lava-leza / bhala sujhA kara prema-mArgase, karo use puNyeza // 3 // taja ekAnta-kadAgraha-durguNa, bano udAra vizeSa / raha prasannacita sadA, karo tuma manana tattva-upadeza // 4 // jIto rAga-dveSa-bhaya-indriya-moha-kaSAya azeSa / dharo dhairya, samacitta raho, auM' sukha-dukha meM savizeSa // 5 // ahaMkAra-mamakAra tajo, jo avanatikAra vizeSa / tapa-saMyamameM rata ho, tyAgo tRSNA bhAva azeSa // 6 // 'vIra' upAsaka bano satyake, taja mithyaabhinivesh| vipadAoMse mata ghabarAo, dharo na kopAveza // 7 // saMjJAnI-saMdRSTi bano, au' tajo bhAva saMkleza / sadAcAra pAlo dRDha hokara, rahe pramAda na leza // 8 // sAdA rahana-sahana-bhojana ho, sAdA bhUSA-veSa / vizva-prema jAgrata kara urameM, karo karma niHzeSa // 6 // ho sabakA kalyANa, bhAvanA aisI rahe hameza / dayA lokasevA-rata cita ho, aura na kucha Adeza // 10 //

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mahAvIrakA samaya isa para calanese hI hogA, vikasita svAtma-pradeza / Atma-jyoti jagegI aise jaise udita dineza // 11 // " yahI hai mahAvIra-sandeza0 // mahAvIrakA samaya aba dekhanA yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIrako avatAra liye ThIka kitane varSa hue haiN| mahAvIrakI Aya kucha kama 72 varSakI-71 varSa, 6 mAsa, 18 dinkii-thii| yadi mahAvIrakA nirvANa-samaya ThIka mAlUma ho to unake avatAra-samayako athavA jayantIke avasaroM para unakI varSagAMTha-saMkhyAko sacita karane meM kucha bhI dera na lage / parantu nirvANa-samaya arsese vivAdagrasta cala rahA haipracalita vIranirvANa-saMvat para Apatti kI jAtI hai-kitane hI dezI videzI vidvAnoMkA usake viSayameM matabheda hai; aura usakA kAraNa sAhityakI kucha purAnI gar3abar3a, artha samajhanakI g2alatI athavA kAlagaNanAkI bhala jAna par3atI hai / yadi isa gar3abar3a, galatI athavA bhUlakA ThIka patA cala jAya to samayakA nirNaya sahaja hImeM ho sakatA hai aura usase bahuta kAma nikala sakatA hai| kyoMki mahAvIrake samayakA prazna jaina itihAsake liye hI nahIM kintu bhAratake itihAsake liye bhI eka bar3e hI mahatvakAprazna hai / isIse aneka vidvAnoMne usako hala karaneke liye bahuta parizrama kiyA hai aura usase kitanI hI naI naI bAta prakAzameM AI haiM / parantu phira bhI, isa viSayameM, unheM jaisI cAhiye vaisI saphalatA nahIM milI-balki kucha naI ulajhaneM bhI paidA ho gaI haiM aura isa liye yaha prazna abhI taka barAbara vicArake liye calA hI jAtA hai / merI icchA thI ki maiM isa viSayameM kucha gaharA utara kara

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605 32 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya parI taphasIlake sAtha eka vistRta lekha likhU parantu samayakI kamI zrAdike kAraNa vaisA na karake, saMkSepameM hI, apanI khojakA eka sAra bhAga pAThakoMke sAmane rakhatA huuN| AzA hai ki sahRdaya pAThaka isa parase hI, usa gar3abar3a, g2alatI athavA bhalako mAlUma karake, samayakA ThIka nirNaya karanemeM samartha ho skeNge| Ajakalajo vIra-nirvANa-saMvata pracalita hai aura kArtika zuklA pratipadAse prArambha hotA hai vaha 2460 hai / isa saMvatkA eka AdhAra 'trilokasAra' kI nimna gAthA hai,jo zrInamicandra siddhAntacakravartIkA banAyA huA hai:-- paNachassayavassaM paNamAsajudaM gamiya vIraNivvuido / sagarAjo to kakI caduNavatiyamahiyasagamAsaM // 850 isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki 'mahAvIrake nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda zaka rAjA huA, aura zaka rAjAse 394 varSa 7 mahIne bAda kalkI rAjA huaa|'shkraajaake isa samayakA samarthana 'harivaMzapurANa' nAmake eka dUsare prAcIna granthase bhI hotA hai jo trilokasArase prAyaH do sau varSa pahalekA banA huA hai aura jise zrIjinasenAcAryane zaka saM0 705 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| yathA : varSANAM SaTzatI tyaktvA paMcAgrAM mAsapaMcakam / muktiM gate mahAvIre zakarAjastato'bhavat // 60-546 // itanA hI nahIM, balki aura bhI prAcIna granthoMmeM isa samayakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, jisakA eka udAharaNa 'tiloyapaeNatti' (trilokaprajJapti) kA nimna vAkya hai-- NibANe vIrajiNe chavvAsasadesu paMcavarisesu /

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mahAvIrakA samaya paNamAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA' // zakakA yaha samaya hI zaka-saMvatkI pravRttikA kAla hai, aura isakA samarthana eka parAtana zlokame bhI hotA hai, jise zvetAmbarAcArya zrImerutuMgane apanA 'vicArazreNi' meM nimna prakArase uddhata kiyA hai: zrIvIranivRteH SaDbhiH paMcottaraiH zanaiH / zAkasaMvatsarasyaiSA pravRttirbharate'bhavat // isameM, sthUlarUpase varSoM kI hI gaNanA karata hue, mApha likhA hai ki 'mahAvIrake nirvANase 605 varSa bAda isa bhAratavaSameM zakasaMvatsarakI pravRtti huii|' zrIvIrasenAcArya-praNIta 'dhavala' nAmake siddhAnta-bhASyamejise isa nibaMdhameM 'dhavala siddhAnta' nAmase bhA ullakhata kiyA gayA hai-isa viSayakA aura bhI jyAdA samarthana hotA hai; kyoMki isa graMthameM mahAvIrake nirvANake bAda kevaliyoM tathA zrutadhara. AcAryoMkI paramparAkA ullekha karate hue aMra usakA kAla pAramANa 683 varSa batalAte hue yaha spaSTarUpama nirdiSTa kiyA hai ki isa 683 varSake kAla meMse 77 varSa 7 mahIne ghaTA dene para jo 605 varSa 5 mahInekA kAla avaziSTa rahatA hai vahI mahAvIrake nirvANadivasase zakakAlakI zrAdi-zaka saMvatkI pravRtti-takakA madhyavartI kAla hai arthAt mahAvIrake nirvANadivasama 605 varSa 5 mahIneke bAda zakasaMvatkA prAraMbha huA hai / sAtha hI, ima mAnyatAke liye kAraNakA nirdeza karate hue, eka prAcIna gAthAke AdhAra para yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai ki ima 605 vaSa 5 mahIna 1 trilokapajJapti meM zakakAla kA kucha aura bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura isIse yahA~ 'athavA' zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai|

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34 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya ke kAlameM zakakAlako-zaka saMvatkI varSAdi-saMkhyAko-jor3a denese mahAvIrakA nirvANakAla--nirvANa-saMvatkA ThIka parimANa -A jAtA hai| aura isa taraha vIranirvANa-saMvat mAlama karane kI spaSTa vidhi bhI sUcita kI hai / dhavalake ve vAkya isa prakAra haiM:___"sabakAlasamAso teyAsIdiahiyachassadametto (683) / puNo ettha sattamAsAhiyasattahattarivAsesu (77-7) zravaNIdesu paMcamAsAhiya paMcuttara chassadavAsANi (605-5) havaMti, eso vIrajiNidaNivvANagadadivasAdo jAva sagakAlassa AdI hodi tAvadiya kAlo / kudo ? edammi kAle sagaNariMdakAlassa pakkhitte vaDamANajiNaNijbudakAlAgamaNAdo / vuttaMca paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasayA / sagakAleNa ya sahiyA thAveyanbo tado raasii||" ___ --dekho, zrArA jainasiddhAntabhavanakI prati,patra 537 ina saba pramANoMse isa viSayameM koI saMdeha nahIM rahatA ki * isa prAcIna gAthAkA jo pUrvAdha hai vahI zvetAmbaroMke 'titthogAlI pahanaya' nAmaka prAcIna prakaraNakI nimna gAthAkA pUrvAdha hai paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chacceva hoti vAsasayA / pariNidhvussa'rihato to uppano sago rAyA // 623 :: aura isase yaha sAfa jAnA jAtA hai ki 'titthogAlI' kI isa gAthAmeM jo 605 varSa 5 mahIneke bAda zakarAjAkA utpanna honA likhA hai vaha zakakAlake utpanna hone arthAta zakasaMvatake pravRtta honeke prAzayako liye hue hai| aura isa taraha mahAvIrake isa nirvANasamaya-sambadhameM donoM sammabAyoMkI eka vAkyatA pAI jAtI hai|

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mahAvIrakA samaya zakasaMvatke prAraMbha honese 605 varSa 5 mahIne pahale mahAvIrakA nirvANa huA hai| zaka-saMvanke isa parvavartI samayako vartamAna zaka-saMvat 1855 meM jor3a denese 2460 kI upalabdhi hotI hai, aura yahI isa vakta pracalita vIranirvANa-saMvatko varSasaMkhyA hai / zaka-saMvat aura vikrama saMvatmeM 135 varSakA prasiddha antara hai / yaha 135 varSakA antara yadi ukta 605 varSameMse ghaTA diyA jAya to avaziSTa 470 varSakA kAla rahatA hai, aura yahI sthala rUpase vIranirvANake bAda vikrama saMvatkI pravRttikA kAla hai, jisakA zuddha athavA parNarUpa 470 varSa 5 mahIna hai aura jo IsvI sanme prAyaH 528 varSa pahale vIranirvANakA honA batalAtA hai / aura jise digambara aura zvetAbara donoM hI sampradAya mAnate haiM / __ aba maiM itanA aura batalA denA cAhatA hU~ ki trilokasArakI ukta gAthAmeM zakarAjAke samayakA-vIranirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne pahalekA-jo ullekha hai usameM usakA rAjyakAla bhI zAmila hai; kyoMki eka to yahA~ 'sagarAjoM ke bAda 'to' zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai jo 'tataH' (tatpazcAt ) kA vAcaka hai aura usase yaha spaSTa dhvani nikalatI hai ki zakarAjAkI sattA na rahane para athavA usakI mRtyuse 394 varSa 7 mahIne bAda kalkI rAjA huaa| dUsare, isa gAthAmeM kalkIkA jo samaya vIranirvANase eka hajAra varSa taka (605 varSa 5 mAsa + 394 va07 mA0) batalAyA gayA hai usameM niyamAnasAra kalkIkA rAjya kAla bhI A jAtA hai, jo eka hajAra varSake bhItara sI mata rahatA hai / aura tabhI hara hajAra varSa poche eka kalkIke hone kA vaha niyama bana sakatAhai jo trilokasArAdi graMthoMke nimna vAkyoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai:-- idi paDisahassavassaM bIse kakkINadikkame carimo /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya jalamaMthaNo bhavissadi kakkI sammaggamattharaNao / / 857 / / --triloksaar| muktiM gate mahAvIre prativarSasahasrakam / ekaiko jAyate kalkI jinadharma-virodhakaH // -harivaMzapurANa / evaM vassasahasse puha kakkI havei ikkeko / --trilokprjnypti| isake sivAya, harivaMzaparANa tathA trilokaprajJaptimeM mahAvIrake pazcAt eka hajAra varSake bhItara hone vAle rAjyoMke samayakI jo gaNanA ko gaI hai usameM sApha taura para kalkirAjyake 42 varSa zAmila kiye gaye haiM * / aisI hAlatameM yaha spaSTa hai ki trilokasArakI ukta gAthAmeM zaka aura kalkIkA jo samaya diyA hai vaha alaga alaga unake rAjya-kAlakI samAptikA sUcaka hai / aura isa liye yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki zaka rAjAkA rAjyakAla vIra-nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda prAraMbha huA aura usakIusake katipaya varSAtmaka sthitikAlakI--samApti ke bAda 394 varSa 7 mahIne aura bItane para kalkikA rAjyAraMbha huaa| aisA kahane ____ * zrIyuta ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla bairiSTara paTanAne, julAI san 1917 kI 'inDiyana eMTikverI' meM prakAzita apane eka lekhameM, harivaMzapurANake 'dvicatvAriMzadevAtaH kalkirAjasya rAjatA' vAkyake sAmane maujUda hote hue bhI, jo yaha likha diyA hai ki isa purANameM kalkirAjyake varSa nahIM diye, yaha bar3e hI Azcarya kI bAta hai / ApakA isa purANake AdhAra para guptarAjya aura kalkirAjyake bIca 42 varSakA antara vatalAnA aura kalkike astakAlako usakA udayakAla ( rise of Kalki) sUcita kara denA bahuta bar3I g2alatI tathA bhUla hai|

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mahAvIrakA samaya para kalkikA astitvasamaya vIranirvANase eka hajAra varSake bhItara na rahakara 1100 varSake karIba ho jAtA hai aura usase eka hajAra kI niyata saMkhyAmeM tathA dUsare prAcIna granthoMke kathanameM bhI bAdhA AtI hai aura eka prakArase sArI hI kAlagaNanA bigar3a jAtI hai * / isI taraha para yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki harivaMzaparANa aura trilokaprajJaptike ukta zaka-kAla-sUcaka padyoMmeM jo kramazaH 'abhavata' aura 'saMjAdo' (saMjAtaH) padoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai unakA 'huA-zakarAjA huA-artha zakarAjAke astitvakAlakI samAptikA sUcaka hai, prAraMbhasacaka athavA zakarAjAko zarIrotpatti yA usake janmakA sacaka nhiiN| aura trilokasArakI gAthAmeM inhIM jaisA koI kriyApada adhyAhRta (understood) hai| ___ yahA~ para eka udAharaNa-dvArA maiM isa viSayako aura bhI spaSTa kara denA cAhatA huuN| kahA jAtA hai aura Ama taura para ligvane meM bhI AtA hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAthase bhagavAn mahAvIra DhAI sau (250) varSake bAda hue / parantu isa DhAI sau varSa bAda honekA kyA artha ? kyA pArzvanAthake janmase mahAvIrakA janma DhAI sau varSa bAda huA ? yA pArzvanAthake nirvANase mahAvIrakA janma DhAI sau varSa bAda huA ? athavA pArzvanAthake nirvANase mahAvIrako kevala * hA~, zaka-saMvat yadi vAstavameM zakarAjAke rAjyAraMbhase hI prAraMbha huA ho to yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki trilokasArako ukta gAthAmeM zakake 364 varSa 7 mahIne bAda jo kalkIkA honA likhA hai usameM zaka aura kalkI donoM rAjAoMkA rAjyakAla zAmila hai| parantu isa kathanameM yaha viSamatA banI hI rahegI ki amuka amuka varSasaMkhyAke bAda zakarAjA huA' tathA 'kalkirAjA huA' ina do sadRza vAkyoMmeMse ekameM to rAjyakAlako zAmila nahIM kiyA aura dUsaremeM vaha zAmila kara liyA gayA hai, jo kathana-paddhatike viruddha hai|

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38 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya jJAna DhAIsau varSa bAda utpanna huA ? tInoMmeMse eka bhI bAta satya nahIM hai / taba satya kyA hai ? isakA uttara zrIgaNabhadrAcAryake nimna vAkyameM milatA hai : pArzveza-tIrtha-santAne paMcAzadvizatAbdake / tadabhyantaravAyuhAvIro'tramajAtavAn / / 276 / / mahApurANa, 74vA~ parva / isameM batalAyA hai ki 'zrIpArzvanAtha tIrthakarase DhAI sau varSake bAda, isI samayake bhItara apanI Ayuko liye hue, mahAvIra bhagavAn hue' arthAt pArzvanAthake nirvANase mahAvIrakA nirvANa DhAI sau varSa ke bAda huA / isa vAkyameM 'tadabhyantaravAyaH' (isI samayake bhItara apanI Ayuko liye hue) yaha pada mahAvIrakA vizeSaNa hai / isa vizeSaNa-padake nikAla denese isa vAkyakI jaisI sthiti rahatI hai aura jisa sthitimeM Ama taura para mahAvIrake samayakA ullekha kiyA jAtA hai ThIka vahI sthiti trilokasArakI ukta gAthA tathA harivaMzapurANAdikake una zakakAlasacaka padyoMkI hai| unameM zakarAjAke vizeSaNa rUpase 'tadabhyantaravAyu' isa AzayakA pada adhyAhRta hai, jise arthakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue Uparase lagAnA cAhiye / bahuta sI kAlagaNanAkA yaha vizeSaNa-pada adhyAhRta-rUpameM hI prANa jAna par3atA hai / aura isaliye jahA~ koI bAta spaSTatayA athavA prakaraNase isake viruddha na ho vahA~ aise avasaroM para isa padakA Azaya jarUra liyA jAnA cAhiye / astu / : jaba yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vIranirvANase 605varSa 5 mahIne para zakarAjAke rAjyakAlakI samApti huI aura yaha kAla hI zaka. saMvatko pravRttikA kAla hai-jaisA ki Upara jAhira kiyA jA cukA hai-taba yaha svataH mAnanA par3atA hai ki vikramarAjAkA

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mahAvIrakA samaya rAjyakAla bhI vIranirvANase 470 varSa 5 mahIne ke anantara samApta ho gayA thA aura yahI vikramasaMvatkI pravRttikA kAla hai-tabhI donoM saMvatoMmeM 135 varSakA prasiddha antara banatA hai / aura isa liye vikrama saMvatko bhI vikramake janma yA rAjyArohaNakA saMvat na kaha kara, vIranirvANa yA banirvANa-saMvatAdikakI taraha, usako smRti yA yAdagArameM kAyama kiyA huA mRtyu-saMvat kahanA caahiye| vikramasaMvat vikramakI mRtyukA saMvat hai,yaha bAta kucha dUsare prAcIna pramANoMse bhI jAnI jAtI hai, jisakA eka namUnA zrAamitagati AcAryakA yaha vAkya hai: samArUDhe pUtatridazavasatiM vikramanRpe sahasra vaSANAM prabhavati hi pNcaashddhike| samApta paMcamyAmavati dhariNAM muMjanRpatau site pakSe pauSe budhahitamidaM zAstramanagham // isameM, 'subhASitaratnasaMdoha' nAmaka granthakA samApta karate hue, spaSTa likhA hai ki vikramarAjAke svargArohaNake bAda jaba 1050 vA~ varSa (saMvat ) bIta rahA thA aura rAjA muMja pRthvIkA pAlana kara rahA thA usa samaya pauSa zuklA 'paMcamIke dina yaha pavitra tathA hitakArI zAstra samApta kiyA gayA hai| inhIM amitagati prAcArya ne apane dUsare grantha 'dharmaparIkSA kI samAptikA samaya isa prakAra diyA hai :saMvatsarANAM vigate sahasra sasaptatau vikrama pArthivasya / idaM niSidhyAnyamataM samAptaM jainendradharmAmRtayuktizAstram // isa padyameM, yadyapi, vikramasaMvat 1070 ke vigata hAne para graMthakI samAptikA ullekha hai aura use svargArohaNa athavA mRtyukA

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- - -- bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya saMvat aisA kucha nAma nahIM diyA; phira bhI isa padya ko pahale padyakI rozanImeM par3hanese isa viSayameM koI saMdeha nahIM rahatA ki amitagati prAcAryane pracalita vikramasaMvatakA hI apane granthoM meM prayoga kiyA hai aura vaha usa vakta vikramakI mRtya kA saMvat mAnA jAtA thA / saMvatke sAthameM vikramakI mRtyukA ullekha kiyA jAnA athavA na kiyA jAnA eka hI bAta thI-usase koI bheda nahIM par3atA thA-isIliye isa padyameM usakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| pahale padyameM muMjake rAjyakAlakA ullekha isa viSayakA aura bhI khAsa taurase samarthaka hai kyoMki itihAsase pracalita vi0 saMvat 1050 meM muMjakA rAjyAsIna honA pAyA jAtA hai| aura isaliye yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki amitagatine pracalita vikramasaMvatse bhinna kisI dUsare hI vikramasaMvatkA ullekha apane ukta padyoMmeM kiyA hai| aisA kahane para mRtyusaMvat 1050 ke samaya janmasaMvat 1130 athavA rAjyasaMvat 1112 kA pracalita honA ThaharatA hai aura usa vakta taka muMjake jIvita rahanekA koI pramANa itihAsameM nahIM milatA / muMjake uttarAdhikArI rAjA bhojakA bhI vi0 saM0 1112 se pUrva hI dehAvasAna honA pAyA jAtA hai| amitagati prAcAryake samayameM, jisa Aja sAr3he nau sau varSake karIba ho gaye haiM, vikramasaMvat vikramakI mRtyukA saMvat mAnA jAtAthA yaha bAta unase kucha samaya pahaleke bane hue devasenAcAryake pranthoMse bhI pramANita hotI hai| devasenAcArya ne apanA 'darzanasAra' graMtha vikramasaMvat 990 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| isameM kitane hI sthAnoM para vikramasaMvatkA ullekha karate hue use vikramakI matyukA saMvat sUcita kiyA hai| jaisA ki isakI nimna gAthAoMse prakaTa hai: chattIse varisasaye vikamarAyassa maraNapattassa /

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mahAvIrakA samaya soraThe valahIe uppaeNo sevaDo saMgho // 11 // paMcasae chabbIse vikamarAyassa maraNapattassa / dakSiNamahurAjAdo dAviDasaMgho mahAmoho // 28 // sattasae tevaeNe vikkamarAyassa maraNapattassa / NaMdiyaDe varagAme kaho saMgho muNeyavvo // 38 // vikramasaMvatke ullekhako liye hue jitane grantha abhI taka upalabdha hue haiM unameM, jahA~ taka mujhe mAlUma hai, sabase prAcIna graMtha yahI hai / isase pahale dhanapAlakI 'pAialacchI nAmamAlA' (vi0 saM0 1019) aura usase bhI pahale amitagatikA 'subhASitaratnasaMdoha' graMtha purAtattvajJoM-dvArA prAcIna mAnA jAtA thA / hA~, zilAlekhoMmeM eka zilAlekha isase bhI pahile vikramasaMvatke ullekhako liye hue hai aura vaha cAhamAna caNDa mahAsenakA zilAlekha hai, jo dhaulaparase milA hai aura jisameM usake likhe jAnekA saMvat 898 diyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna aMzase prakaTa hai: "vasu nava aSTo varSA gatasya kAlasya vikramAkhyasya / " ___ yaha aMza vikramasaMvatko vikramakI matyakA saMvata batalAnemeM koI bAdhaka nahIM hai aura na 'pAialacchI nAmamAlA'kA 'vikkama kAlassa gae auNatI eNavI suttare sahassammi' aMza hI isameM koI bAdhaka pratIta hotA hai, balki ye donoM hI aMza eka prakArase sAdhaka jAna par3ate haiM, kyoMki inameM jisa vikramakAlake bItanekI bAta kahI gaI hai aura usake bAdake bIte hue varSoMkI gaNanA kI gaI hai vaha vikramakA astitvakAla-usakI matyaparyaMtakA samaya-hI jAna par3atA hai / usIkA matyake bAda bItanA prAraMbha huA hai / isake sivAya, darzanasArameM eka yaha bhI ullekha milatA hai ki usakI gAthAe~ parvAcAryoMkI racI huI haiM aura unheM ekatra

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya saMcaya karake hI yaha graMtha banAyA gayA hai / yathAH puvvAyariyakayAI gAhAI saMciUNa eyattha / siridevaseNagaNiNA dhArAe saMvasaMteNa // 46 // raiyo daMsaNasAro hAro bhavvANa Navasae Navae / siripAsaNAhagehe muvisuddha mAhasuddha dasamIe // 50 // isase ukta gAthAoMke aura bhI adhika prAcIna honekI saMbhAvanA hai aura unakI prAcInatAse vikramasaMvatko vikramakI mRtyakA saMvat mAnanekI bAta aura bhI jyAdA prAcIna hojAtI hai| vikramasaMvatkI yaha mAnyatA amitagatike bAda bhI arse taka calI gaI mAlUma hotI hai / isIse 16vIM zatAbdI tathA usake karIbake bane hue granthoM meM bhI usakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, jisake do namUne isa prakAra haiM : "mRte vikramabhUpAle saptaviMzatisaMyute / dazapaMcazate'bdAnAmatIte zRNutAparam // 157 / / luGkAmatamabhUdekaM ................... // 15 // _ --ratnanandikRta, bhadrabAhucaritra / "saSaTtriMze zate'bdAnAM mRte vikramarAjani / saurASTra vallabhopuryAmabhUtatkathyate mayA // 188 // -vAmadevakRta, bhAvasaMgraha / isa saMpUrNa vivecana parase yaha bAta bhale prakAra spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki pracalita vikramasaMvat vikramakI matyukA saMvata hai, jo vIranirvANase 470 varSa 5 mahIneke bAda prAraMbha hotA hai| aura isa liye vIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikrama rAjAkA janma honekI ja. bAta kahI jAtI hai aura usake AdhAra para pracalita vIranirvANa savat para Apatti kI jAtI hai vaha ThIka nahIM hai / aura na yaha

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- mahAvIrakA samaya 43 bAta ho ThIka baiThatI hai ki isa vikramane 18 varSakI avasthAmeM rAjya prApta karake usI vaktase apanA saMvat pracalita kiyA hai / aisA mAnane ke liye itihAsameM koI bhI samartha kAraNa nahIM hai / ho sakatA hai ki yaha eka vikramakI bAtako dUsare vikramake sAtha jor3a denekA hI natIjA ho| isake sivAya, nandisaMghakI eka paTTAvalImeM-vikramaprabandhameM bhI-jo yaha vAkya diyA hai ki"sattaricadusadajutto jiNakAlA bikamo havai jmmo|" ___arthAt -'jinakAlame (mahAvIrake nirvANase) vikramajanma 470 varSake antarako liye hue hai / aura dUsarI paTTAvalImeM jo AcAryoM ke samayakI gaNanA vikramake rAjyArohaNa-kAlasa-ukta janmakAlameM 18 kI vaddhi karake-kI gaI hai vaha saba ukta zakakAlako aura usake AdhAra para bane hue vikramakAlako ThIka na samajhanekA pariNAma hai, athavA yoM kahiye ki pArzvanAthake nirvANase DhAIsau varSa bAda mahAvIrakA janma yA kevalajJAnako prApta honA mAna lene jaisI g2alatI hai| aisI hAlatameM kucha jaina, ajaina tathA pazcimIya aura parvIya vidvAnoMne paTTAvaliyoMko lekara jo pracalita vIranirvANasaMvat para yaha Apatti kI hai ki 'usakI varSasaMkhyAmeM 18 varSakI kamI hai jise parA kiyA jAnA cAhiye vaha samIcIna mAlUma nahIM hotI, aura isaliye mAnya kiye jAneke yogya nahIM / usake anusAra vIranirvANase 488 varSa bAda vikramasaMvatakA pracalita honA mAnanese vikrama aura zaka saMvatoMke bIca jo 135 varSakA prasiddha aMtara * vikramajanmakA prAzaya yadi vikramakAla athavA vikramasaMvatakI utpattise liyA jAya to yaha kathana ThIka ho sakatA hai| kyoMki vikramasaMvatakI utpatti vikramakI mRtyuke bAda huI pAI jAtI hai|

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44 bhagavAn mahAvAra Ara bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya hai vaha bhI bigar3a jAtA hai-sadoSa ThaharatA hai--athavA zakakAla para bhI Apatti lAjimI AtI hai jo hamArA isa kAlagaNanAkA mUlAdhAra hai, jisa para koI Apatti nahIM kI gaI aura na yaha siddha kiyA gayA ki zakarAjAne bhI vIranirvANase 685 varSa 5 mahIneke bAda janma lekara 18varSakI avasthA meM rAjyAbhiSekake samaya apanA saMvat pracalita kiyA hai / pratyata isake, yaha bAta Uparake pramANoMse bhale prakAra siddha hai ki yaha samaya zakasaMvatkI pravRttikA samaya hai--cAhe vaha saMvat zakarAjAke rAjyakAlakI samApti para pravRtta huA ho yA rAjyAraMbhake samaya--zakake zarIrajanmakA samaya nahIM hai / sAtha hI, zvetAmbara bhAiyoMne jo vIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnA hai * aura jisakI vajahase pracalita vIranirvANasaMvatmeM 18 varSake bar3hAnekI bhI koI jarUrata nahIM rahatI use kyoM ThIka na mAna liyA jAya, isakA koI samAdhAna nahIM hotaa| isake sivAya, jArlacApeMTiMyarakI yaha Apatti barAbara banI hI rahatI hai ki vIranirvANase 470 varSake bAda jisa vikramarAjAkA honA batalAyA jAtA hai usakA itihAsameM kahIM bhI koI astitva nahIM hai / parantu vikramasaMvatako vikrama* yathAH--vikamarajAraMbhA pa(pu?)ro sirivIranivvuI bhnniyaa| sutra-muNi-veya-jutto vikkamakAlAu jinnkaalo|| -vicaarshrenni| x isa para bairiSTara ke. pI. jAyasavAlane jo yaha kalpanA kI hai ki sAtANa dvitIyakA putra 'pulamAyi'hI jainiyoMkA vikrama hai-jainiyoMne usa ke dUsare nAma 'vilavaya' ko lekara aura yaha samajhakara ki isameM 'ka' ko 'la' ho gayA hai use 'vikrama' banA DAlA hai-vaha korI kalpanA hI kalpanA jAna par3atI hai| kahIMse bhI usakA samarthana nahIM hotA / (bairiSTara sA0kI isa kalpanAke liye dekho, jainasAhityasaMzodhakake prathama khaMDakA cauthA aNk)|

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mahAvIrakA samaya kI mRtyakA saMvat mAna lene para yaha Apatti kAyama nahIM rahatI; kyoMki jAlacA Tiyarane vIranirvANase 410 varSake bAda vikramarAjAkA rAjyAraMbha honA itihAsase siddha mAnA hai * / aura yahI samaya usake rAjyAraMbhakA matyusaMvat mAnanese AtA hai| kyoMki usakA rAjyakAla 60 varSa taka rahA hai / mAlama hotA hai jArlacApaTiyarake sAmane vikramasaMvatke viSayameM vikramakI matyukA saMvat honekI kalpanA hI upasthita nahIM huI aura isIliye Apane vIranirvANase 410 varSake bAda hI vikrama saMvatkA pracalita honA mAna liyA hai aura isa bhala tathA g2alatIke AdhAra para hI pracalita vIranirvANa saMvat para yaha Apatti kara DAlI hai ki usameM 60 varSa bar3he hue haiM / isa liye use 60 varSa pIche haTAnA cAhiye-arthAt isa samaya jo 2460 saMvata pracalita hai usameM 60 varSa ghaTAkara use2400 banAnA cAhiye / ataHApakI yaha Apatti bhI niHsAra hai aura vaha kisI taraha bhI mAnya kiye jAneke yogya nhiiN| aba maiM yaha batalA denA cAhatA hU~ ki jaoNrla cApeMTiyarane, vikramasaMvatko vikramakI mRtyukA saMvat na samajhate hue aura yaha jAnate hue bhI ki zvetAmbara bhAiyoMne vIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA rAjyAraMbha mAnA hai, vIranirvANase 410 varSa bAda jo vikramakA rAjyAraMbha honA batalAyA hai vaha kevala unakI nijI kalpanA athavA khoja hai yA koI zAstrAdhAra bhI unheM isake liye prApta huA hai / zAstrAdhAra jarUra milA hai aura usase una zvetAmbara vidvAnoMkI g2alatIkA bhI patA cala jAtA hai jinhoMne jinakAla ___* dekho, jArhacATiyarakA vaha prasiddha lekha jo inDiyana eriTakkerI (jilda 43vIM, san 1914) kI jUna, julAI aura aga takI saMkhyAoMmeM prakAzita huA hai aura jisakA gujarAtI anuvAda 'jainasAhityasaMzodhaka ke dUsare khaMDake dvitIya aMkameM nikalA hai|

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46 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya aura vikramakAlake 470 varSake antarakI gaNanA vikramake rAjyAbhiSekase kI hai aura isa taraha vikramasaMvatko vikramake rAjyArohaNa kAhI saMvat batalA diyA hai / isa viSayakA khulAsA isa prakAra hai: zvetAmbarAcArya zrImerutuMgane, apanI 'vicArazreNi' meM-jise 'sthavirAvalI' bhI kahate haiM, 'jaM rayariMga kAlago ' Adi kucha prAkRta mAthAoMke AdhAra para yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki-'jisa rAtriko bhagavAna mahAvIra pAvApurameM nirvANako prApta hue usI rAtriko ujayinImeM caMDapradyotakA putra 'pAlaka' rAjA rAjyAbhiSikta huA, isakA rAjya 60 varSa taka rahA, isake bAda kramazaH nandoMkA rAjya 155 varSa,mauryoMkA108, puSyamitrakA 30, balamitra-bhAnumitrakA 60, nabhovAhana (naravAhana) kA 40, gardabhillakA 13 aura zakakA 4 varSa rAjya rahA / isa taraha yaha kAla 470 varSakA huaa| isake bAda gardabhilla ke putra vikramAdityakA rAjya 60 varSa, dharmAdityakA 40, bhAillakA 11, nAillakA 14 aura nAhaDakA 10 varSa milakara 135 varSakA dUsarA kAla huA / aura donoM milakara 605 varSa kA samaya mahAvIrake nirvANa bAda huA / isake bAda zakoMkA rAjya aura zakasaMvatkI pravRtti huI, aisA batalAyA hai|' yahI vaha paramparA aura kAlagaNanA hai jo zvetAmbaroMmeM prAyaH karake mAnI jAtI hai| parantu zvetAmbara-sampradAyake bahumAnya prasiddha vidvAn zrIhemacandrAcAryake 'pariziSTaparva' se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki ujjayinIke rAjA pAlakakA jo samaya ( 60 varSa ) Upara diyA hai usI samaya magadhake siMhAsana para zreNikake putra kUNika (ajAtazatru) aura kUNikake putra udAyIkA kramazaH rAjya rahA hai| udAyIke niHsantAna mAre jAne para usakA rAjya nandako milA / isIse pariziSTaparvameM zrIvarddhamAna mahAvIrake nirvANase 60 varSake bAda prathama nandarAjAkA

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. mahAvIrakA samaya rAjyAbhiSikta honA likhA hai| yathAH anantaraM vardhamAnasvAminirvANavAsarAt / gatAyAM SaSThivatsayAmeSa nndo'bhvnnRpH||6-243|| isake bAda nandoMkA varNana dekara, mauryavaMzake prathama rAjA samrATa caMdragupta ke rAjyAraMbhakA samaya batalAte hue, zrIhemacandrAcAyana jo mahatvakA zloka diyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai: evaM ca zrImahAvIramuktavarSazate gate / / paMcapaMcAzadadhike cndrgupto'bhvnnRpH||8-336 // isa zloka para jArla cA Teyarane apane nirNayakA khAsa AdhAra rakkhA hai aura DA. harmana jaikobIke kathanAnusAra ise mahAvIra-nirvANake sambandhameM adhika saMgata paramparAkA sacaka batalAyA hai / sAtha hI, isakI racanA parase yaha anamAna kiyA hai ki yA to yaha zloka kisI adhika prAcIna grantha parasa jyAMkA tyoM uddhata kiyAgayA hai athavA kisI prAcIna gAthA parase anavA data kiyA gayA hai / astu; isa zlokameM batalAyA hai ki 'mahAvIra ke nirvANase 155 varSa bAda caMdragupta rAjyArUDha huA' / aura yaha samaya itihAsake bahuta hI anakUla jAna par3atA hai / vicArazreNikI ukta kAlagaNanAmeM 155 varSakA samaya mirpha nandokA aura usa se pahale 60 varSakA samaya pAlakakA diyA hai / usake anusAra caMdraguptakA rAjyArohaNa-kAla vIranirvANasaM 15 varSa gada hotA thA paraMtu yahA~ 155 varSa bAda batalAyA hai, jimama 60 varSakI kamI par3atA hai / merutuMgAcAryane bhI isa kamIko mahasasa kiyA hai parantu ve hemacandrAcAryake isa kathanako galata sAbita nahIM kara sakate the aura dUsare graMthoMke sAtha unheM mApha virodha najara AtA thA,isaliye unhoMne 'taccintyam' kahakara hI isa viSayako chor3a

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48 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya diyA hai / paraMtu mAmalA bahuta kucha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai| hemacaMdrane 60 varSakI yaha kamI nandoMke rAjyakAlameM kI hai--unakA rAjyakAla 95 varSakA batalAyA hai--kyoMki nandoMse pahile unake aura vIranirvANake bIcameM 60 varSakA samaya kUNika Adi rAjAoMkA unhoMne mAnA hI hai / aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki pahalese vIranirvANake bAda 155 varSake bhItara nandoMkA honA mAnA jAtA thA parantu usakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM thA ki vIranirvANake ThIka bAda nandoMkA rAjya prAraMbha huA, balki unase pahile udAyI tathA kUNikakA rAjya bhI usameM zAmila thA / parantu ina rAjyoMkI alaga alaga varSa-gaNanA sAthameM na rahane Adike kAraNa bAdako galatIse 155 varSakI saMkhyA akele nandarAjyake liye rUr3ha ho gaI / aura udhara pAlaka rAjAke uso nirvANa-rAtriko abhiSikta honekI jo mahaja eka dUsare rAjya kI viziSTa ghaTanA thI usake sAthameM rAjyakAlake 60 varSa jur3akara vaha galatI idhara magadhakI kAla gaNanAmeM zAmila ho gii| isa taraha do bhaloMke kAraNa kAlagaNanAmeM 60 varSakI vRddhi huI aura usake phalasvarUpa voranirvANase 470 varSa bAda vikramakA rAjyAbhiSeka mAnA jAne lgaa| hemacandrAcArya ne ina bhUloMko mAlama kiyA aura unakA ukta prakArase do zlokoMmeM hI sudhAra kara diyA hai / bairiSTara kAzIprasAda (ke0pI0 ) jI jAyasavAlane, jAla cATiyarake lekhakA virodha karate hue, hemacandrAcArya para jo yaha Apatti kI hai ki unhoMne mahAvIrake nirvANake bAda turata hI nandavaMzakA rAjya batalA diyA hai, aura isa kalpita AdhAra para unake kathanako 'bhUlabharA tathA aprAmANika' taka kaha DAlA hai * use * dekho, vihAra aura uDIsA risarca sosAiTIke janaralakA sitambara san 1915kA aGka tathA jainasAhityasaMzodhakake prathama khaMDakA 4thA aMka /

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mahAvIrakA samaya dekhakara bar3A ho Azcarya hotA hai / hameM to bairiSTara sAhabakI hI sApha bhala najara AtI hai / mAlUma hotA hai unhoMne na to hemacaMdrake pariziSTa parvako hI dekhA hai aura na usake chaThe parvake ukta zloka naM0243 ke artha para hI dhyAna diyA hai, jisameM sApha taura para vIranirvANase 60 varSake bAda nanda rAjAkA honA likhA hai / astu candragaptake rAjyArohaNa samayakI 155 varSasaMkhyAmeM Ageke 255 varSa jor3anese 410 ho jAte haiM, aura yahI vIranirvANase vikramakA rAjyArohaNakAla hai / paraMtu mahAvIrakAla aura vikramakAlameM 470 varSakA prasiddha antara mAnA jAtA hai aura vaha tabhI bana sakatA hai jaba ki isa rAjyArohaNakAla 410 meM rAjyakAlake 60 varSa bhI zAmila kiye jAveM / aisA kiyA jAne para vikramasaMvat vikramakI mRtyukA saMvat hojAtA hai aura phira sArA hI jhagar3A miTa jAtA hai| vAstavameM, vikramasaMvatko vikramake rAjyAbhiSekakA saMvat mAna lene kI g2alatIse yaha sArI gar3abar3a phailI hai / yadi vaha mRtyakA saMvat mAnA jAtA to pAlakake 60 varSoMko bhI idhara zAmila honekA avasara na milatA aura yadi koI zAmila bhI kara letA to usakI bhala zIghra hI pakar3alI jAtI / parantu rAjyAbhiSekake saMvatkI mAnyatAne usa bhalako cirakAla taka banA rahane diyA / usIkA yaha natIjA hai jo bahutase granthoMmeM rAjyAbhiSeka-saMvatke rUpameM hI vikramasaMvatkA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura kAlagaNanAmeM kitanI hI gar3abar3a upasthita ho gaI hai, jise aba acche parizrama tathA prayatnake sAtha dUra karanekI jarUrata hai| isI galatI tathA gar3abar3ako lekara aura zakakAlaviSayaka trilokasArAdikake vAkyoMkA paricaya na pAkara zrIyuta esa. vI. ukTezvarane, apane mahAvIra-samaya-sambandhI-The date of

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bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya Vardhamana nAmaka-lakha * meM yaha kalpanA kI hai ki mahAvIranirvANase 470 varSa bAda jisa vikramakAlakA ullakha jainagraMthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha pracalita sananda-vikramasaMvat na hokara ananda vikramasaMvat honA cAhiye, jisakA upayoga 12vIM zatAbdIke prasiddha kavi candavaradAIne apane kAvyameM kiyA hai aura jisakA prAraMbha IsavI san 33 ke lagabhaga athavA yoM kahiye ki pahale (pracalita) vikrama saMvatke 90 yA 91 varSa bAda huA hai| aura isa taraha para yaha sujhAyA hai ki pracalita vIranirvANasaMvatmeMse 90 varSa kama hone cAhiyeM-arthAt mahAvIrakA nirvANa IsavI sanse 527 vaSa pahale na mAnakara 437 varSa pahale mAnanA cAhiye, jo kisI taraha bhI nAnya kiye jAne ke yogya nahIM / Apane yaha to svIkAra kiyA hai ki pracalita vikramasaMvatkI gaNanAnasAra vIranirvANa I0 sanase 527 varSa pahale hI baiThatA hai paraMtu ise mahaja isa buniyAda para asaMbhavita karAra de diyA hai ki isase mahAvIrakA nirvANa buddhanirvANase pahale ThaharatA hai, jo Apako iSTa nahIM / parantu isa taraha para use asaMbhavita karAra nahIM diyA jA sakatA; kyoMki baddhanirvANa I0 sanse 544 varSa pahale bhI mAnA jAtA hai, jisakA Apane koI nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA / aura isaliye baddhakA nirvANaM mahAvIrake nirvANase pahale hone para bhI Apake isa kathanakA mukhya AdhAra ApakI yaha mAnyatA hI raha jAtI hai ki baddha-nirvANa I0 sanse pUrva 485 aura 453 ke madhyavartI kisI saMgayameM huA hai, jisake samarthanameM Apane koI bhI sabala pramANa upasthita nahIM kiyA aura isaliye vaha mAnya kiye jAnake yogya . * yaha lekha san 1917 ke 'janarala zrApha di rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI meM pR0122--30 para, prakAzita huA hai aura isakA gujarAtI anuvAda jaina sAhityasaMzodhakake dvitIya khaMDake dUsare meM nikalA haiN| . . . . . . . '. .

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51 mahAvIrakA samaya nhiiN| isake sivAya, anaMda-vikrama saMvatkI jisa kalpanAko Apane apanAyA hai vaha kalpanAhI nirmUla hai-anandavikrama nAmakA koI saMvat kabhI pracalita nahIM huA aura na candavaradAIke nAmase prasiddha hone vAle 'pRthvIrAjarAse meM hI usakA ullekha hai-aura isa bAtako jAnaneke liye rAyabahAdura paM0 gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandajI omAko 'ananda-vikrama saMvatkI kalpanA' nAmakA vaha lekha paryApta hai jo nAgarI pracAriNI patrikAke prathama bhAgameM, pR0 377 se 454 taka mudrita huA hai| ___ aMba maiM eka bAta yahA~ para aura bhI batalA denA cAhatA hU~ aura vaha yaha ki baddhadeva bhagavAna mahAvIrake samakAlInathe / kucha vidvAnoMne bauddhagraMtha majjhimanikAyake upAlisutta aura sAmagAmasuttakI saMyukta ghaTanA ko lekara, jo bahuta kucha aprAkRtika deSamUlaka evaM kalpita jAna par3atI hai aura mahAvIra bhagavAnake sAtha jisakA saMbaMdha ThIka nahIM baiThatA, yaha pratipAdana kiyA hai ki mahAvIrakA nirvANa buddhake nirvANase pahale huA hai / parantu vastusthiti aisI mAlUma nahIM hotii| khuda bauddha graMthoMmeM buddhakA nirvANa ajAtazaMtra (kUNika) ke rAjyAbhiSekake AThaveM varSa batalAyA hai; aura dIghanikAyameM, tatkAlIna tIrthakaroMkI mulAkAtake avasara para, ajAtazatruke maMtrIke mukhase nigaMTha nAtaputta (mahAvIra) kA jo paricaya dilAyA hai usameM mahAvIrakA eka vizeSaNa "addhagato vayo" (ardhagatavayAH) bhI diyA hai, jisase yaha spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki ajAtazatruko diye jAne vAle isa paricayake samaya mahAvIra adheDa umrake the, arthAt unakI avasthA 50 varSake lagabhaga thI / yaha paricaya yadi ajAtazatruke rAjyake prathama varSa meM hI diyA gayA ho, * ina sUtroMke hindI anuvAdake liye dekho, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana-kRta 'buDhacaryA pRSTha 445, 481 /

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52 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya jisakI adhika saMbhAvanA hai,to kahanA hogA ki mahAvIra ajAtazatrake rAjyake 22veM varSa taka jIvita rahe haiM, kyoMki unakI Ayu prAyaH 72 varSakI thii| aura isa liye mahAvIrakA nirvANa buddhanirvANase lagabhaga 14 varSa ke bAda huA hai / 'bhagavatIsUtra' Adi zvetAmbara granthoMse bhI aisA mAlama hotA hai ki mahAvIra-nirvANase 16 varSa pahale gozAlaka (maMkhaliputta gozAla) kA svargavAsa huA, gozAlakake svargavAsase kucha varSa pUrva (prAyaH 7 varSa pahale) ajAtazatrukA rAjyArohaNa huA, usake rAjyake AThaveM varSa meM baddhakA nirvANa huA aura baddhake nirvANase koI 14-15 varSa bAda athavA ajAtazatru ke rAjyake 22veM varSa meM mahAvIrakA nirvANa huaa| isa taraha buddhakA nirvANa pahale aura mahAvIrakA nirvANa usake bAda pAyA jAtA hai| isake sivAya, hemacandrAcAryane caMdragamakA rAjyArohaNa-samaya vIranirvANase 155 varSa bAda batalAyA hai aura 'dIpavaMza' 'mahAvaMza' nAmake bauddha granthoMmeM vahI samaya buddha nirvANase 162 varSa bAda batalAyA gayA hai / isase bhI prakRta viSayakA kitanA hI samarthana hotA hai aura yaha spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki vIranirvANase baddhanirvANa adhika nahIM to 7-8 varSake karIba pahale jarUra huA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki bauddhoMke sAmagAmasuttameM varNita nigaMTha nAtapatta (mahAvIra) kI matya tathA saMghabheda-samAcAra vAlI ghaTanA makkhalipatta gozAlakI matyuse saMbaMdha rakhatI ho aura piTaka graMthoMko lipivaddha karate samaya kisI bhUla Adike vaza isa satrameM makkhaliputtakI jagaha nAtaputtakA nAma praviSTa ho gayA ho; kyoMki makkhalipattakI matya-jo ki baddhake chaha pratispardhI tIthaikaroMmeMse * dekho, jArla cATiyarakA vaha prasiddha lekha jisakA anuvAda jainasAhityasaMzodhakake dvitIya khaMDake dUsare aGka meM prakAzita huA hai aura jisameM bauddhagranthakI usaghaTanA para khAsI Apatti kI gaI hai|

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mahAvIrakA samaya eka thA-buddhanirvANase prAyaH eka varSa pahale hI huI hai aura buddhakA nirvANa bhI ukta matyasamAcArase prAyaH eka varSa gada mAnA jAtA hai| dUsare, jisa pAvAmeM isa matyukA honA likhA hai vaha gavA bhI mahAvIrake nirvANakSetra vAlI pAvA nahIM hai, balki damI hI pAvA hai jo bauddha piTakAnusAra gorakhaparake jilemeM sthata kuzInAgake pAsakA koI grAma hai / aura tIsare, koI saMghabheda bhI mahAvIrake nirvANake anantara nahIM huA, balki gozAlakakI matya jima dazAmeM huI hai usame usake saMghakA vibhAjita honA bahana kucha mvAbhA. vika hai / isase bhI ukta matya-samAcA-vAlI ghaTanAkA mahAvIrake sAtha koI sambaMdha mAlama nahIM hotA, jisake AdhAra para mahAvIranirvANako buddhanirvANase pahale batalAyA jAtA hai| ____ baddhanirvANake samaya-sambaMdhameM bhI vidvAnoMkA manabheTa hai aura vaha mahAvIra-nirvANake samayase bhI adhika vivAdapramta cala rahA hai paraMtu laMkAmeM jo buddha nirvANasaMvat pracalita hai vaha mabame adhika mAnya kiyA jAtA hai-brahmA, zyAma aura AsAmameM bhI vaha mAnA jAtA hai / usake anusAra buddhanirvANa I0 sanase 544 varSa pahale huA hai / isase bhI mahAvIranirvANa buddhanirvANake bAda baiThatA hai; kyoMki vIranirvANakA samaya zakasaMvatse 605 varSa (vikramasaMvanse 470 varSa) 5 mahIne pahale honeke kAraNa IsavI sanma prAyaH528 varSa pUrva pAyA jAtA hai / ima 528 varSa pUrvake samayameM yadi 18 varSa kI vaddhi karadI jAya to vaha 546 varSa parva hojAtA hai-arthAt buddhanirvANake ukta laMkAmAnya samayase do varSa pahale / ataH jina vidvAnoMne mahAvIrake nirmANako baddha nirvANase pahale mAna lenakI Sajahase pracalita vIranirvANasaMvatameM 18 varSakI vaddhikA vidhAna kiyA hai vaha bhI isa hisAbase ThIka nahIM hai|

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54' bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya upasaMhAra yahA~ takake isa saMparNa vivecana parase yaha bAta bhale prakAra spaSTa __ ho jAtI hai ki Aja kala jo vIranirvANasaMvat 2460 pracalita hai vahI ThIka hai-usameM na to bairiSTara ke0 pI0 jAyasavAla jaise vidvAnoMke kathanAnasAra 18 varSakI vRddhi kI jAnI cAhie aura na jAla cApeMTiyara jaise vidvAnoMkI dhAraNAnusAra 60 varSakI athavA esa0 vI0 veMkaTezvarakI sUcanAnusAra 90 varSakI kamI hI kI jAnI ucita hai / vaha apane svarUpameM yathArtha hai / hA~, use gata saMvat samajhanA cAhiye-jainakAla gaNanAmeM vIranirvANake gatavarNahI liye jAte rahe haiM-IsavI san AdikI taraha vaha vartamAna saMvatkA ghotaka nahIM hai / kyoMki gata kArtikI amAvasyAko zakasaMvatke 1854 varSa 7 mahIne vyatIta hue the aura zakasaMvat mahAvIrake nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda pravartita huzrA hai,yaha Upara bata-: lAyA jA cukA hai| ina donoM saMkhyAoMke jor3anase pUre 2460 varSa hote haiM / itane varSa mahAvIranirvANako hue gata kArtikI amAvasyAko pare ho cuke haiM aura gata kArtikazuklA pratipadAse usakA 2461 vA~ varSa cala rahA hai / yahI Adhunika saMvat-lekhana paddhatike anasAra vartamAna vIrani0 saMvat hai| aura isaliye isake anusAra mahAvIrako janma liye hue 2531 varSa bIta cuke haiM aura isa samaya gata caitrazuklA trayodazI ( vi0 saM0 1990 zaka saM01855) se, bhApakI isa varSagA~ThakA 2532 vA varSa cala rahA hai aura jo samAptike karIba hai / ityalam / jugalakizora mukhtAra AN

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F55 ] hamAre khuda ke chapAe jaina grantha ' bAlaka bhajana saMgraha-mAsTara bhagalAla muzarafa, prathama bhAga - dvitIya - tRtIya - / caturtha -1 jagadIza vilAsa bhajanamAlA 54 lAvanI bhajana mUlya cAra AnA dAsa puSpAJjalI-lA0 ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya ke jozIle 48 bhajana mUlya cAra AnA dAsa kusamAjalI , 16 bhajana mUlya eka AnA bArahamAsA manoramA satIkA-bholAnAtha mukhtAra nAthakavi muu0|| paMcabAla bratIrthakaroMkI pUjA- , , ,, vyApAra jJAna prakAza-mAsTara cA~dUlAla TogyA . : . ." al merI bhAvanA- paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra , | bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA samaya , bhaktAmarastotra saMskRta, bhASA, mahAvIrASTaka sahita mokSazAstraagravAla vaMzAvalI (urdU)-samescanda agravAla vAla , jainalaoN (kAnana) urdU-campatarAyajI vairisTara , . , 1) . anya pustakeM-- .:, zrIpAlanATaka-moTe TAipa ke 154 pRSThoM meM , 5) / samAdhi zataka TIkA, a0 zItalaprasAdajI / / mUlya 11) jainAgAra prakriyA-bAbA dulIcandajI... " za jaina itihAsa (urdU)-prabhUdayAla tahasIladAra hanumAna caritra-aMgrejI , mukaramA jainamata samIkSA urdU (AryasamAja ke sAtha) / ) patA-hIrAlAla patrAlAla jaina, darIbA kalAM dehalo /

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dharma mAniye koI par3ha lIjiye saba jainadharma kucha bhI ho, vicArapUrNa hai| usameM bahuta kucha hai jo par3hane, manana karane, mAnane aura pAlane lAyaka hai / yaha ahiMsA kA dharma hai aura ahiMsA vizva kA dharma honA caahiye| hamase kucha isa dharmakA puSTa aura jIvita sAhitya lIjiye aura Atma lAbha kiijiye| hIrAlAla pannAlAla jaina bar3A darIbA, dehalI.

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lekhaka mahodayake dUsare grantha 1 svAmI samantabhadra (itihAsakA mahAna graMtha) pRSTha280, 11) 1) 12 jina-pUjAdhikAra bhImAMsA, pR0600) 3 granthaparokSA, prathamabhAga(umAsvAmizrAvakAcAra, kunda kunda zrA0 aura jinasenatrivarNAcArakI parIkSAe~)pR0124 / ) 4 granthaparIkSA, dvitIya bhAga (bhadrabAhusaMhitAkI vistRta AlocanA aura parIkSA) pR0128 / ) 5 granthaparIkSA, tRtIya bhAga (somasenatrivarNAcAra, dharmaparIkSA (zvetAmbarI) akalaMkapratiSThApATha aura pUjyapAda-upAsakAcArakI parIkSAe~) pR0280 1 // ) 6 granthaparIkSA,caturthabhAga(saryaprakAzakI samAlocanA)pR146-) 7 upAsanAtattva (upAsanAkA rahasya, aura mUrtipUjA para vicAra) pR032 // 8 vivAhakA uddezya (dvitIyAvRtti) pR034 ) 19 vivAha-samuddezya (vivAhakA uddezya' kI ___ saMzodhita aura parivardhita tRtIyAvRtti) pR040 0) 10 vIrapuSpAMjali (zikSAprada padyAvalI) 11 vivAhakSetraprakAza pa0175 / ) 12 jainiyoMkA atyAcAra (bar3I mArmika *13 anityabhAvanA ('anitya paMcAzat'kA padyAnavAda) 1024 0) 14 jainI kauna ho sakatA hai ? pa016 ) 15 zikSAprada zAstrIya udAharaNa 1024 .) 16 merI bhAvanA (rASTrIya nisyapATha) pR016 // 17.merI dravya pUjA pa016 // 18 hama dukhI kyoM haiM 10 32 ju 19 vezyA nRtya stotra noTa-jina granthoMpara* yahacihadiyA hai unheM aprApya smjhiye| unake phirase chapanekI z2arUrata hai| mukhtArasAhabake sabhI grantha par3hane tathA saMgrahakarane ke yogya haiN| milanekA patA-hIrAlAla panAlAla jaina, darIbA kalAM dehalI 30 -0005555