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SANMATI-TARKA
( 1.7
or generality or universal principle can only be mentioned by such word as Asti (it is) or Sat (it exists) or others of the kind. All such statements become the legitimate province of Dravyāstika Naya. All other statements about a thing such as Jiva, Ajiva, Mukta (liberated soul), Samsārī (a soul bound by worldly life!, atom (physical body), Guņa (attributes) etc. deal necessarily with the limited aspect of the ultimate reality and therefore have in them some element of difference, division, part or attribnte. These statements, therefore, do not exclusively belong to Dravyāstika but belong to the province of both Dravyāstika and Paryāyāstika, for in one sense the objects they deal with e.g. Jiva, Ajiva etc. are general ; but from another point of view are the subdivisions of a higher general that is to say they are particulars (Višesas)
Here it should be noted that as the statements such as Asti, Sat are exclusively the subject of Dravyāstika, those statements that deal with the most final attributes of things which admit of no further particularization, exclusively belong to the province of Paryāyāstika. All other intermediary statements partake of the cbaracter of both the Dravyāstika and the Paryāyāstika, for they deal with the general as well as the particular aspect of things. 7
Circumstances under which there occurs an overlapping of these two Principal Nayas are mentioned in the following verse :
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