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SANMATI-TARKA
[ 1.6
If there is a picture or any other counterpart of a Rājā then it is Sthāpanā Rājā. If that person was formerly a king or is likely to be a king in future then he is called Dravya Rājā. And a person who is actually a king at present-ruling over a province is called Bhāva Rājā. These are the four possible meanings of a word Rājà according to the Niksepa method. Out of these divisions of Nikṣepa (view-point) the first three have in them in one way or the other the element oneness or sameness. Thus they are the legitimate province of Dravyāstika Naya. Bhāva Nikṣepa on the other hand having in it · the element of difference naturally is the subject of
Paryāyāstika Naya. Looking at a person whose name is king, people identify him with his name and say " Here is the King." Similarly looking at a picture of a king who is long since dead people say "Here is the King." Here people identify the past king with the present picture. In the same manner, a person, who was once a king and is likely to be a king in future, when seen, is pointed out as a king. Here the past or the future is identified with the present. In all these three cases the idea of complete identity or oneness is predominent. Not so in the case of Bhāva Nikșepa. There the person in question being a ruling prince at that particular moment is distinguished from others not so raling. Difference is, therefore, in this case predominent. Thus the two principal Nayas are connected with the four Nikşepas--the first Naya Drāvyāstika with the first three Nikṣepas and the second Naya Paryāyāstika with the fourth Niksepa i.e. Bbāva Nikşepa. 6
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