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[ III. 9-15
word Guna is a technical word used in mathematics in the sense of degrees either more or less when one attribute of a thing is compared with the same attribute differing in degree.
SANMATI-TARKA
Ten different things are referred to as ten things, similarly if a thing is ten times bigger than other things it is referred to as 'tenfold' (Dasaguna). In the second of this two cases there is only the additional word Guṇa. But the idea of 'ten' is the same. In the first case the word ten is used to, express the number ten which resides in the substance. In the second case the substance is one but the word ten along with the word Guna is in order to express tenfold degree in the measure of the quality of the substance. In other places similar to this we come across expressions such as the atom is one-fold (Eka-guna) black, tenfold black, infinitefold black, the word Guna is used no doubt but it does not mean any thing else than the attributes of a substance, in fact it is only a synonym of Paryaya. There the word Guna is used to denote the difference in degree either in point of superiority or inferiority. In short the word Guna is not used in any other sense than Paryaya or attibute of a substance. It does not denote any Dharma (quality) other. than Paryaya
Thus it is established beyond doubt that in Jaina Sastras all the attributes of a substance are mentioned by the word Paryaya and that the word Guna is only a synonym of Paryaya. We now come to the next question as to whether a substance and quality are different from each other or are identical to each other. On
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