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134 POLITICAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA
the capital, such as Thullakotthita, Kammāssadamma, Kundi and Vāraṇā vata.
The Jātakas mention the Kuru kings and princes styled Dhanañjaya Koravya, Koravya,3 and Sutasoma.* We cannot, however, vouch_for their historical existence in the absence of further evidence.
The Jaina Uttarādhyayana Sūtra mentions a king named Ishukāra ruling at the town called Ishukāra in the Kuru country. It seems probable that after the removal of the elder branch of the royal family to Kaušāmbi and the decline of the Abhipratārinas, the Kuru realm was parcelled out into small states of which Indapatta and Ishukāra were apparently the most important. "Kings" are mentioned as late as the time of the Buddha when one of them paid a visit to Ratthapāla, son of a Kuru magnate, who had become a disciple of the Śūkya Sage. Later on, the little principalities gave place to a Sangha or republican confederation."
Pañchāla, as already stated, comprised Rohilkhand and a part of the Central Doāb. The Mahābhārata, the Jūtakas and the Divyāvadānas refer to the division of this country into two parts,viz, Uttara or Northern Pañchāla and Dakshiņa or Southern Pañchāla. The Bhāgirathi (Ganges) formed the dividing line. According to the
1 The epic (Mbh V. 31. 19; 72, 15 etc.) has a reference to four villages, viz., Avisthala, Vșikasthala, Mākandi, Vāraṇāvata.
2 Kurudhamma Jātaka, No. 276 ; Dhūmakāri Jātaka, No. 413 ; Sambhava Jātaka, No. 515 : Vidhura Pandita Jataka, No. 545. Dhananjaya is, as is wellknown, a name of Arjuna.
3 Dasa Brāhmana Jātaka, No. 495 ; Maha-Sutasoma Jātaka, No. 537.
4 Mahā-Sutasoma Jātaka. Cf. the Mahābhārata, 1. 95.75 where Sutasoma appears as the name of a son of Bhima.
5 S. B. E., XLV. 62. 6 DPPN, II. 706 f. 7 Arthaśāstra, 1919, 378. 8 P. 435. 9 Mbh., 1. 138.70. For divisions in Vedic times see 70 f ante.
