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THE GREAT SATRAP RUDRADĀMAN I 507
around Junāgadh), Svabhra (the country on the banks of the Sābarmati), Maru ( Mārwār), Kachchha ( Cutch ), Sindhu-Sauvīra (the Lower Indus Valley )' Kukura probably between Sind and the Pāriyātra Mt.), A parānta (N. Konkan), Nishāda (in the region of the Sarasvati and the Western Vindhyas), etc. Of these places Surāshtra, Kukura, Aparānta, Anupa and Akarāvanti formed part of Gautamiputra's dominions, and must have been conquered either from that king or one of his immediate successors. The Junāgadh inscription gives the information that Rudradāman twice defeated Sātakarņi, lord of the Deccan, but did not destroy him on account of their near relationship. According to Dr. D. R. Bhandarkar this Šātakarņi was Gautamiputra himself, whose son Vāsishthiputra Sātakarni was Rudradāman's son-in-law. According to Rapson the lord of the Deccan defeated by the Saka ruler
capital.
are associated with the Ambashțbas and the Pahlavas. A branch of the people may have lived in the lower valley of the Chenab and the Indus, while another branch occupied a portion of Kathiāwār.
1 Sindhu is the inland portion lying to the west of the Indus (Watters, Yuan Chwang, II. 252, 253, read with 256 ; Vātsyāyana. Kamasutra, Benares Ed., 295). Sauvira includes the littoral (Milinda Panho, s. B. E., XXXVI, 269), as well as the inland portion lying to the east of the Indus as far as Multān (Alberuni. I, 302; IA, 7, 259). The Jaina Pravachanasāroddhāra names Vitabhaya as the capital.
2 Brihat Samhitā, V, 71; XIV, 4.
3 Aparānta in its extended sense (cf. Asoka, RE, V) no doubt embraces not only Śūrpāraka but Näsik, Bharukachchha, the Mahi valley, Catch, Surashtra, Ānartta, Abu, etc. (Vāyu, 45 129 f. ; Matsya, 114 50-51 ; Mārk, 57, 49 f.--the Puranic text is corrupt and surpārakāḥ, Kachchiyāḥ and Anarttāḥ should be substituted for Sūryārakāḥ, Kāśmirāḥ and Āvantyāh). But as the Junāgadh record distinguishes A parānta from Surashtra, Ānartta, etc., it is clearly used here in its restricted sense.
4 Cf. Nishāda-rashtra, Mbh., III. 130. 4 (the place of the disappearanceVinaśana-of the river Sarasvati is described as the dvāra of Nishādarashtra); note also Pariyātracharah-Mbh., XII, 135, 3-5. In Mbh. ii. 31. 4-7 a Nisbādabhūmi is placed between the Matsyas (of Jaipur) and the Chambal. The Vedic commentator Mahidhara explains the word Nishāda as meaning a Bhil (Vedic Index, I. 454). According to Bühler (IA, 7, 263) Nishāda probably corresponded with Hissar and Bhatnir.
