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DIARCHY AND YAUVARĀJYA
519
assumed the Roman title of “Kaisar," and tbe dedication of temples in honour of emperors on the banks of the Tiber may have had something to do with the practice of erecting Devalulas on the banks of the Jumna.
A remarkable feature of the Scythian Age was the wide prevalence of the system of Dvairūjya or Diarchy in Northern and Western India and Yauvarājya (rule of a crown-prince) in N. W. India and the Far South. Under both these forms of government the sovereign's brother, son, grandson, or nephew had an important share in the administration as co-ruler or subordinate colleague. In a Dvairājya or Diarchy the rulers appear to bave been of equal status, but in a Yauvarājya (rule of a crownprince) the reigning prince was apparently a vicegerent. As instances of Dvairājya may be mentioned the cases of Lysias and Antialkidas, Agathokleia and Strato I Strato I and Strato II, Spalirises and Azes, Hagāna and Hagāmasha, Gondophernes and Gad, Gondophernes and Abdagases, Chashtana and Rudradāman, Kanishka II and Huvishka etc., etc. Among ruling Yavarājas may be mentioned Kharaosta and the Pallava Yuva-Mahārājas Śiva-skanda-varman, Vijaya-Buddha-varman' and Vishņugopa of Palakkada.
The king or viceroy, resided in cities called Adhishthāna. The number of such Adhishthānas and various other kinds of cities ( Nagara, Nagarî ), was fairly numerous. But regarding their administration our information is very meagre. We hear of "nigama-sabhās"
p. 92 ). This may suggest Greek influence too. Some writers fail to distinguish between occurrence of similar royal epithets in literature and their formal use in contemporary epigraphic records in the time of the Kings themselves (B. C. Law Volume, II, pp. 305 ff.
1 HQ, 1933, 211.
