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308 POLÍTICAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT INDIA founded by the Macedonian conqueror near Kabul. Kamboja, as we have already seen, corresponds to Rājapura or Rajaur near Punch in Kasmira and some neighbouring tracts including Kāfiristān. The tribal territory of the Gandhāras at this time probably lay to the west of the Indus, and did not apparently include Takshasilā which was ruled by a princely Viceroy, and was the capital of the province of Uttarāpatha. The capital of Trans-Indian Gandhāra was Pushkarāvati, identified by Coomaraswamy with the site known as Mir Ziyārat or Balá Hisār at the junction of the Swāt and Kābul rivers.3
The inclusion of Kaśmira within Aśoka's empire is proved by the testimony of Hiuen Tsang's Records and Kalhaņa's Rājataranginis : Kalhaņa says: “The faithful Asoka, reigned over the earth. This king who had freed himself from sins and had embraced the doctrine of the Jina covered Sush kaletra and Vitastātra with numerous Stūpas. At the town of Vitastātra there stood within the precincts of the Dharmāranya Vihāra a Chaitya built by him, the height of which could not be reached by the eye. That illustrious king built the town of Srinagari. This sinless prince after removing the old stuccoed enclosure of the shrine of Vijayeśvara built in its stead a new one of stone. He... erected within the enclosure of Vijayeśa, and near it, two temples which were called A solceśvara." The description of Asoka as a follower of the Jina, i.e., Buddha, and the builder of numerous stūpas leaves no room for doubt that the
1 Cunn. AGI, 18. Geiger, Mahāvamsa, 194. The Yona territory probably corresponds to the whole or a part of the Province of the Paropamisadae.
2 Cf. Kalinga Edict; Divyāvadāna, p. 407, Rājňo'śokasy-ottarāpathe Takshasilā nagaran, etc.
3 Cf. Carm. Lec. 1918, p. 54. Indian and Indonesian Art, 55. 4 Watters, Vol. I, pp. 267-71. 5 1. 102-06.
