Jaina Tarka Bhasha

Author(s): Dayanand Bhargava
Publisher: Motilal Barasidas Pvt Ltd

Page 87

The Organ of Knowledge
65 fold: unproved for both and unproved for either of the two. As an example of the former we can say the word is changeable, because it can be perceived by the eyes.' As an example of the latter, we can say 'the trees are unconscious because they are devoid of knowledge, senses and death in the form of stoppage of age', or 'happiness etc. are unconscious because they are created'.
*57. If it is said that there is no fallacy unproved for both, because when once one says that it is unproved and if the opponent does not state a proof to prove it, then it will be unproved for both, because of the absence of any proof, and if he states a proof, then, because of the proof being impartial, it will prove it for both. Moreover, as long as he cannot produce a proof for the other to prove it, it is unproved to him also; it this be argued, then this is secondarily unproved because the jewel etc. are not primarily called false jewels as long as they do not appear to be so. Moreover, if the fallacy is unproved for one of the debator, the opponent would be defeated and if he is defeated, it is difficult to free him from defeat. Nor it is proper to support it afterwards by cause, because the debate lasts only as long as there is defeat. Here, it is to be said that just as a debator even though accepting the propriety of the cause, cannot make the other debator or those who ask question, understand it, because of their forgetfulness etc. of the logic given for its support, similarly, he does not accept the unproved also and is defeated by the cause which is unproved for both. Moreover, even if not accepting it himself, if a cause is placed, because it is proved for the opponent, it is the unproved for one of the two and a place for defeat, e. g., the following arguments of the sāṁkhya towards the Jainas: “happiness etc. are unconscious because they are created like pitcher etc.'
*58. That which is concomitant with the contrary to the probandum is called the contradictory cause e. g., the word is not changeable because it is produced. Here the quality of being a product is concomitant with changeability, which is contradictory to unchangeability.
*59. That whose consistency otherwise is doubted is